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Model Test Four
PartI Writing (30minutes)
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Supposeyouhavetwoways tolearnabout
other countries: one is to travel abroad and the other to obtain the information online. You are to make a choice.
Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180
words.
PartII ListeningComprehension (25minutes)
SectionA
Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
1.A)Becausethestormhadcutpowertothem.
B)Becausetheroadstothemhadbeenflooded.
C)Becausetheremightbemudslides.
D)Becausetheremightbetsunami.
2.A)ItisexpectedtolastuntilSaturdayafternoon.
B)Ithascausedover300trafficdeaths.
C)Itisthestrongestoneinyears.
D)ItwillbeatitsstrongestonSaturdayafternoon.
Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
3.A)Acarcrash. B)Abushfire. C)Aburglary. D)Aterroristattack.
4.A)Morethan15homeshadmovedout.
B)Morethan50homeshadjoinedthefight.
C)Theyhadnothadthefireundercontrolyet.
D)Theyhadfoundawaytoputoutthefire.
Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
5.A)Theyareusefulintermsofsecuritybuthaverusted.
B)Theyareusefulintermsofsecuritybutnotbeautiful.
C)Theyarenolongerstrongenoughtoprotectthetower.
D)Theyarenolongerneededasaphotospot.
6.A)Itisthemostvisitedmonumentintheworld.
B)Itistotallyfreeofchargeforvisiting.
C)Theentrytotheforecourtofthetowerisfree.
D)Theentrytotheforecourtofthetowerwillbecharged.
7.A)Lessvisitorentrances. C)Ornamentallights.
B)Moresecurityguards. D)Betterelevators.
SectionB
Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
8.A)Heplayedtennisforhishighschoolteam.
B)Heplayedfootballforhishighschoolteam.
C)Heplayedtennisstartingfromhisjunioryear.
D)Heplayedtennisstartingfromhissenioryear.
9.A)Tennis. B)Basketball. C)Golf. D)Volleyball.10.A)Becausehehasalotincommonwiththewoman.
B)Becausehethinksthewomanisagoodplayer.
C)Becausehisteamlacksgirlplayers.
D)Becausehisteamcanlearnalotfromthewoman.
11.A)Jointhemantowatchamatch. B)Visitanewstadiumwiththeman.
C)Watchthemanplayinamatch. D)Jointhemantoplayinamatch.
Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
12.A)Aninterviewbetweenacustomerandashoppingassistant.
B)Aninterviewbetweenanairportstaffandapassenger.
C)Aconversationbetweentwoworkingstaffabouttheairport’sfutureimprovement.
D)Aconversationbetweenanair-hostessandapassengerabouttheinflightmealservice.
13.A)Becausemanypeoplewanttostayinshape.
B)Becausehewantstotakeeverychancetoimprovehishealth.
C)Becausemanypeoplearetiredafterlongflights.
D)Becausemassagingwillbeagoodwaytokilltime.
14.A)Seasonalones. B)Freshones. C)Localones. D)Juicyones.
15.A)Disappointing. B)Satisfying. C)Outdated. D)Lovely.
SectionC
Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
16.A)BecausetheplanetsarethesamesizeasEarth.
B)BecausetheplanetsaresimilarinmanyaspectstoEarth.
C)Becausetheplanetsarecapableofsupportinglife.
D)Becausetheplanetshavewaterontheirsurface.
17.A)Theyarerockyplanets. B)TheyaregaseouslikeJupiter.
C)Theyarecoveredbywater. D)Theyarecoveredbyseaice.
18.A)Becauseithastherighttemperatureandenoughgreenhousegases.
B)Becauseithastherightamountofwaterandenoughgreenhousegases.
C)Becauseithastherightatmosphereandenoughgreenhousegases.
D)Becauseithastherightgravityandenoughgreenhousegases.
Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
19.A)Theyshouldbewidelyusedinthefieldofsocialservices.
B)Theyshouldbeblamedfortheincreasingunemployment.
C)Theyshouldbetaxedthesameamountasthepeopletheyreplace.
D)Theyshouldbetaxedmorethantheordinarypeople.
20.A)Theywillsurelyfacemassiveunemployment.
B)Theywillneedlessincometaxtospend.
C)Theywillhavelessincometaxtospend.
D)Theywillhavenoneedtocopewiththechanges.
21.A)Psychologists. C)Roomcleaners.
B)Policeofficers. D)Doctors.
Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
22.A)Peoplewhosleeplatearesmarterandmorecreative.
B)Peoplewhosleeplatearealwayslatefortheirjobs.
C)Peoplewhosleeplateareeasilyirritated.
D)Peoplewhosleephateareslowandineffectiveintheirjobs.
23.A)Youwillfeelexhaustedalldaylong. B)Youcan’tjustifyyourlateness.
C)Youwillbelateforyourwork. D)Youcan’tfindpersuasiveexcuses.24.A)Becausetheycanfullyenjoythemselveslateatnight.
B)Becausetheycanfullyconcentratetheirattentionlateatnight.
C)Becausetheycanreadthemostfascinatingbooklateatnight.
D)Becausetheycanmakerapidprogressinmentalitylateatnight.
25.A)Groupintelligencetests. C)Deductivereasoningtests.
B)Emotionalintelligencetests. D)Inductivereasoningtests.
PartⅢ Reading Comprehension (40minutes )
SectionA
Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Ask a left-wing Briton what they believe about the safety of nuclear power, and you can guess their answer.
Askaright-wingAmericanabouttherisksposedbyclimatechange,andyoucanalsomakea___26___guessthan
if you didn’t know their political affiliation. Issues like these feel like they should be ___27____by science, not
ourpoliticaltribes,butsadly,that’snotwhathappens.
Psychology has long shown that education and intelligence won’t stop your politics from ___28___your
broaderworldview,evenifthosebeliefsdonotmatchthehardevidence.Instead,yourabilitytoweighupthefacts
maydependonalesswell-recognisedtrait-____29____.
There is now a mountain of____30____to show thatpolitics doesn’t justhelp predictpeople’s views on some
scientific issues; it also affects how they interpret new information. This is why it is a ___31___to think that you
can somehow “ correct” people’s views on an issue by giving them more facts, since study after study has shown
thatpeoplehaveatendencyto___32___rejectfactsthatdon’tfitwiththeirexistingviews.
But smarter people shouldn’t be susceptible to prejudice swaying their opinions, right?Wrong. Other research
shows that people with the most education, highest mathematical abilities, and the strongest tendencies to be
reflective about their beliefs are the most ____33____ to resist information which should contradict their
prejudices . This undermines the simplistic assumption that prejudices are the result of too much gut instinct and
not enough deep thought. Rather, people who have the ___34___for deeper thought about an issue can use those
cognitivepowerstojustifywhattheyalreadybelieveandfindreasonstodismissapparently___35___evidence.
A)better I)flexibility
B)competitively J)identical
C)contrary K)informed
D)curiosity L)likely
E)evidence M)mistake
F)explained N)selectively
G)facility O)shaping
H)fact
SectionB
HowtoFixtheInternet
[A] We have to fix the internet. After 40 years, it has begun to corrode, both itself and us . It is still a
marvelous and miraculous invention, but now there are bugs in the foundation, bats in the belfry, and trolls in the
basement.
[B] I do not mean this to be one of those technophobic rants insulting the interne for rewiring our brains to
give us the nervous attention span of DonaldTrump onTwitter or pontificating about how we have to log off and
smell the flowers. Those worries about new technologies have existed ever since Plato was concerned that the
technology of writing would threaten memorization and oratory (演讲术) .I love the interne and all of its digital
offshoots.WhatIfeelsadforisitsdecline.[C] There is a bug in its original design thatat first seemed like a feature buthas gradually,andnow rapidly,
been exploited by hackers and trolls and malevolent actors: Its packets are encoded with the address of their
destination but not of their authentic origin. With a circuit-switched network, you can track or trace back the
originsoftheinformation,butthat’snottruewiththepacket-switcheddesignoftheinternet.
[D] Compounding this was the architecture that Tim Berners-Lee and the inventors of the early browsers
created for the World Wide Web. It brilliantly allowed the whole of the earth’s computers to be webbed together
andnavigatedthroughhyperlinks.Butthelinkswereone-way.Youknewwherethelinkstookyou.Butifyouhad
awebpageorpieceofcontent,youdidn’texactlyknowwhowaslinkingtoyouorcomingtouseyourcontent.
[E] All of that protected the potential for anonymity. You could make comments anonymously. Go to a
webpage anonymously. Consume content anonymously.With a little effort, send email anonymously .And if you
figuredoutawaytogetintosomeone’sserversordatabases,youcoulddoitanonymously.
[F]Foryears,thebenefitsofanonymityonthenetoutweigheditsdrawbacks.Peoplefeltmorefreetoexpress
themselves,whichwasespeciallyvaluableiftheywereholdingdifferentopinionsorhidingapersonalsecret.This
wascelebratedinthefamous1993NewYorkercartoon,“OntheInternet,nobodyknowsyou’readog.”
[G]Nowtheproblemisnobodycantellifyou’reatroll.Orahacker.Orabot.OraMacedonian(马其顿的)
teenager publishing a story that the Pope has supported Trump . This has poisoned civil discourse, enabled
hacking,permittedcyberbullying,andmadeemailarisk.
[H] The lack of secure identification and authentication (身份认证) inherent in the internet’s genetic code
had also prevented easy transactions, obstructed financial inclusion, destroyed the business models of content
creators, unleashed the overflow of spam (垃圾邮件)，and forced us to use passwords and two-factor
authenticationschemesthatwouldhaveconfusedHoudini.ThetrillionsbeingspentandtheIQpointsofcomputer
science talent being allocated to tackle security issues make it a drag, rather that a spur, to productivity in some
sectors.
[I]ItPlato’sRepublic,welearnthetaleoftheRingofGyges.Putiton,andyou’reinvisibleandanonymous.
The question that Plato asks is whether those who put on the ring will be civil and moral. He thinks not, The
internet has proven him correct. The web is no longer a place of community, no longer a marketplace. Every day
moresitesareeliminatingcommentssections.
[J] If we could start from scratch, here’s what I think we would do：Greate a system that enables content
producers to negotiate with aggregators (整合者) and search engines to get a royalty whenever their content is
used,likeASCAPhas negotiated for public performances andradio airings ofits members’works. Embed (嵌入)
a simple digital wallet and currency for quick and easy small payments for songs, blogs, articles , and whatever
otherdigital contentis for sale. Encodeemails with anauthenticated returnor originating address.Enforce critical
properties and security at the lowest levels of the system possible, such as in the hardware or in the programming
language, instead of leaving it to programmers to incorporate security into every line of code they write. Build
chips and machines that update the notion of an internet packet. For those who want, their packets could be
encoded or tagged with metadata (元数据) that describe what they contain and give the rules for how it can be
used.
[K]Most internet engineers think that these reforms are possible, from Vint Cerf, the original TCP/IP
coauthor,toMiloMedinofGoogle,toHowardShrobe,thedirectorofcybersecurityatMIT.“Wedon’tneedto
liveincyberhell,”Shrobehasargued.Implementingthemislessamatteroftechnologythanofcostandsocial
will.Somepeople,understandably,willresistanyreductionofanonymity,whichtheysometimeslabelprivacy.
[L]Sothebestapproach,Ithink,wouldbetotrytocreateavoluntarysystem,forthosewhowanttouseit,to
have verifiedidentification andauthentication.People wouldnotbeforcedtousesuchasystem. Iftheywanted
to communicate and surf anonymously, they could. But those of us who choose, at times, notto be anonymous
and not to deal with people who are anonymous should have that right as well. That’s the way it works in the
realworld.[M]Thebenefitswouldbemany.Easyandsecurewaystodealwithyourfinancesandmedicalrecords.Small
payment systems that could reward valued content rather than the current incentive to concentrate on clickbait
for advertising. Less hacking, spamming, cyberbullying, trolling, and spewing of anonymous hate . And the
possibilityofamorecivildiscourse.
36.Theone-wayhyperlinksenableuserstodomanythingsonlineanonymously.
37.Althoughanonymitycanmakepeopleconcealtheiridentityonline,nowithaspoisonedtheironlinelife.
38.Toadoptthevoluntarysystemwouldbeadvantageoustoouronlinelifeinanumberofaspects.
39.Thereareseveralwaystoreduceanonymityifwecanrebuildtheinternetfromtheverybeginning.
40.Theauthorsuggestedinventingasystemtoletpeoplegoonlineanonymouslyornotastheywish.
41. The author thinks the internet should be fixed not because he is afraid of new technologies but because
problemsariseinit.
42.Pubicoppositioncouldbecomeoneofthebiggestobstaclestocarryingoutthereforms.
43.ThehazardofanonymitymentionedbyPlatohasbeenshownontheinternet.
44.Peopleusedtothinkthatanonymityonlinedidmoregoodthanharm.
45.Itisthedesignoftheinternetthatmakesitimpossibletofindoutwheretheinformationcomesfrom.
SectionC
PassageOne
Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
In today’s world, online social media has become more powerful and the most destructive thing over
worldwide. Although with time all generations have come to embrace the changes social network has brought
about,teenagersandyoungadultsarethemostfanaticusersofthesesites.Accordingtovariousresearchstudiesin
thefieldofonlinesocialnetworks, ithasbeenrevealedthatthesesitesareimpactingthelivesoftheyouthgreatly.
When using these sites such as Twitter, Facebook or Myspace, there are both positive and negative effects on the
youth.
Firstly, social media helps the youth and any other user updated with what is happening around the world,
and helps the teenagers stay connected and interact with each other even if they are many miles apart. This
strengthens their relationship. Even if they finished school and moved to different locations, they stay connected
andupdateoneanother.
Inaddition,socialmediasiteshaveprovidedaplatformwherebytheyouthcancreategroupsandpagesbased
on their common discipline and end up building connections and opportunities for their respective careers by
updating various topics to discuss. Youth who have been interviewed say that social media has become their
lifestyleanditmakestheirliveseasierandmoreefficient.
While on the one hand social network sites seem to bring people together and stay connected, on the other
hand it causes many physical and mental health problems such as eyes infection, back problems, etc. Other
negative effects of social networking various people suggested included encouraging poor spelling and grammar,
exposing underage to online predators (捕食者) , allowing spread of misinformation that is seen as fact,
decreasingproductivity asthosewhoaresupposedtoeworkingspendtime inthesitestochat,providingaperfect
platformforcyberbullyingandprovidingdetailsthatincreaserisksofidentitytheft.
“The more social media we have, the more we think we’re connecting, yet we are really disconnecting from
eachother.”
In conclusion, social networking clearly portrays both positive and negative effects on the youth. It is the
decisionofindividualswhethertouseitinarightwayorwrong.
46.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,_______.
A)bothonlineandofflinesocialmediahavedevelopedquickly
B)socialmedialsitesarealwaysbeingattacked
C)theeffectsofsocialmedialwerewelcomedinthebeginning
D)themostcrazyfansofsocialmedialaretheyouth47.Whatisyoungpeople’spurposeinadoptingtheplatformofferedbysocialmediasites?
A.Toimprovetheiracademicperformance.
B)Tolaythefoundationfortheirfuturecareers.
C)Topracticetheirdebateskills.
D)Tochangetheirwayofliving.
48.Whatdoestheauthormainlyimplyaboutthedisadvantagesofsocialnetworking?
A)Increasingtheprevalenceoforalerrors. B)Puttingminorsindanger.
C)Spreadingfalsehoodsandrumors. D)Leakingusers’personalinformation.
49.Theauthor’sattitudetowardssocialmediais______.
A)objective B)positive C)negative D)impassive
50.What’sthemaintopicofthispassage?
A)Theintroductionofonlinesocialmediahistory.
B)Theresearchononlinesocialmedia.
C)Theinfluenceofonlinesocialmediaontheyouth.
D)Thecorrectwaytouseonlinesocialmedia.
PassageTwo
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Cuttingtoxiclevelsofcityairpollutiontosaferlevelsissimple,butnoteasy-itrequiresresolve.Yet,despite
thekey culprit(罪犯)in theUK beingwellknown-diesel(柴油机的)vehicles-thegovernmenthas beenasleepat
thewheelforyears.
Levels of nitrogen dioxide (二氧化氮) have beenillegally high acrossmuch ofthe UK since2010. In 2015
86%ofmajorurbanareasbrokeannuallimits.Cuttingthispollutionmeanschokingoffdieselemissionsandthere
isawiderangeofeffectivemeasuresavailable.
Creating zones in city centres where polluting care are either banned or charged is important, while making
citiessafeforcyclingcutstraffictoo.
Cleaner buses and taxis have an important role to play and change to the perverse taxes that encourage
people to buy diesel over cleaner cars is needed. There is also some support for a revival of a scrappage scheme
whichsawdirtyoldbangerstakenofftheroad.
The environment and transport departments were well aware of all this and proposed many of these
measuresinternally,onlyfortheTreasurytorejectmostofthem, arguingthey“wouldbepoliticallyverydifficult,
especiallygiventheimpactsonmotorists.”
Motorists happen to be particularly badly exposed to air pollution, but the real political difficulty for the
government is two humiliating legal defeats in two years where judges ruled its air pollution plans were so bad
theywereillegal.
Ministers have now been forced to come up with a third plan, but clean air zones and car tax changes take
timetocleanuptheair.YettheUKgovernmentisalsointheslowlanewhenitcomestoemergencymeasures.
WhenfoulairdescendedonParis inDecember,officialsthereswungintoaction.Public transportwas made
free and the number of cars allowed on roads was restricted, alternately barring those with odd and even licence
plates.IntheUK,duringthesameDecembersmog,thegovernmentsentafewtweets.
At the root of the problem are diesel cars, which successive governments across Europe have utterly failed
toensuremeetlegalemissions limits whendriving in real-worldconditionson theroad.Thegaming ofregulatory
tests bycarmakers was blown openbytheVolkswagen scandal.The scandalof governments prioritising supposed
driverfreedomoverthelungsandhealthoftheircitizensisonlynowplayingout.
51.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoffixingairpollutioninthefirstparagraph？
A)Itisapieceofcake. B)Itneedspoliticalwill.
C)Itisthemainproblem. D)Ithasalonewaytogo.52.Theaimofthoseinfavorofascrappageschemeis______.
A)toreducedieselemissions B)toencouragetheuseofoldcars
C)toretirelow-endoldvehicles D)tocutownontrafficaccidents
53.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheTreasury______.
A)wasquiteclearaboutthecurrentsituationofairpollution
B)opposedalmosteveryproposalaboutreducingairpollution
C)believedtheanti-pollutionmeasurestobeunaffordable
D)madesuchobjectionspartlyduetotheeffectsondrivers
54.WhydotheUKministershavetoputforwardathirdairpollutionplan?
A)Becausedriversaresufferingthemostfromsirpollution.
B)Becausethefirsttwoplanswerefoundillegalbythejudges.
C)Becauselong-termsolutionsareignoredbythegovernment.
D)Becauseemergencymeasuresarefallingbehind.
55. Which of the following measures did the French government take when smog suddenly arrived in
December?
A)Establishingcleanairzones. C)Limitingvehiclesbasedonlicenseplatenumber.
B)Reformingcartaxes. D)PostingseveralannouncementsonTwitter.
PartⅣ Translation (30 minutes)
西汉时期，中国的船队就达到了印度和斯里兰卡（SriLanka）, 用中国的丝绸换取了琉璃（coloredglaze）、
珍珠等物品。中国唐代是中国历史上对外交流的活跃期。据史料记载，唐代中国通使交好的国家多达70
多个，那时候的首都长安来自各国的使臣、商人、留学生云集成群。这个大交流促进了中华文化远播世界，
也促使了各国文化和物产传入中国。
