文档内容
2023 年 6 月上海英语试卷
参考答案与试题解析
I.Listening Comprehension （第 1-10 题, 每题 1 分；第 11-20 题，每题 1.5 分；共 25 分）
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the
end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations
and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question
about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best
answer to the question you have heard.
【听力答案】1~10. BDCAA CABDA 11~13. ADB 14~16. BAC 17~20. BCDC
【备注】听力文字稿附文档末尾
II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题 1 分；共 20 分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent
and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the
proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Once upon a time , in the heart of Africa, there was a king who (2l) __________( know )for
his wisdom and courage, His name was Mosi, meaning "smoke" in his native tongue. He had
come a long way (22 ) __________(watch )over his kingdom, (23 )__________(assume )the
throne (王权)at a young age.
One day, a dispute arose in the kingdom, Two farmers were arguing about the ownership of a
piece of land, They could not settle the matter themselves ( 24 )__________each claimed the
land was theirs. The case was brought before King Mosi, who was known for his fair
judgments.
The king listened to both sides of the story. He then asked, " Who among you can tell
me.how many seeds are in the fruit of the baobab tree?" The farmers looked at each other,
puzzled. They did not know the answer.
第1页 | 共42页King Mosi continued , “Just as you cannot tell me the number of seeds in the baobab
fruit ,you cannot prove ( 25 )__________this land belongs to. Therefore, l decree that this
land shall be shared between you. You will work on it together and share the fruits of your
labor equally.”
The farmers were taken aback by the king's wisdom. They agreed to the king's decision and
thanked him for his fair judgment. From that day forward, they( 26 )__________work
together on the land and became the best friends.
The people of the kingdom admired King Mosi's wisdom. They would remain
( 27 )__________ ( seat )for hours , listening to his wise words and learning from his
judgments. The story of King Mosi's wisdom spread far and wide, and he was respected by
all who heard about him.
And so, king Mosi continued to rule his kingdom with wisdom and fairness, earning
(28)__________a place in the annals ( 编 年 史 ) of history, His story is a reminder of
( 29 )__________wisdom can bring( 30 )__________ peace and harmony. It is a story that
has been passed down through generations, a testament to King Mosi's enduring legacy.
This is the story of King Mosi, a wise and just ruler who made a significant impact on his
kingdom and its people, His story continues to inspire and teach valuable lessons about
leadership and justice
【答案】
21.was known 22.to watch 23.assuming 24.because 25.who/whom
26.could 27.seated 28.himself 29.how 30.about
【导读】这是关于非洲国王莫西的故事，他以智慧和公正闻名。当两个农民争夺土地所
有权时，他以提问猴面包树果实种子数量的方式解决了纠纷，展现了公平和智慧。他的
故事传播开来，成为领导和公正的典范。
【详解】
21.was known【解析】考查被动语态。分析句子结构，此句为 there be 句型，主句谓语动
词是 was。Who..and courage 为 who 引导的定语从句，空格处为从句的谓语动词，此处
意为!“被人们所知道”，be known for 意为“因……而出名”，而且主句中的谓语为一般过
去时,所以应该填 was known。
22,to watch【解析】考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知,空格前的主语和谓语为 He had
come 判定空格处为非谓语结构。再根据句意判定，该空所在的位置需要填入动词不定式
作目的状语，表示“他走过了很长的路来监视他的王国”，因此填 to watch。
第2页 | 共42页23.assuming【解析】考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知，空格前的句子的谓语是 had
come,且空格的提示动词前有逗号，判定此处为非谓语结构。根据句意该空需要填入一个
非调语动词来表示主语 He 的行为，同时这个行为与主句中的 had come a long way 是
同时发生的，因此应该使用现在分词 assuming，表示伴随。
24.because【解析】考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空格前是主调宾结构的简单句，空格
后是含宾语从句的句子，因此这里需要填入一个连词。又根据上下文提及的 They could
notsettle the matter themselves 和 each claimed the land was theirs 可推知“他们自己无法
解决这个问题是因为他们每个人都声称这块土地是他们的”，because 表示原因，故此处
填入 because。
25.who/whom【解析】考查宾语从句。分析句子结构，该空引导的宾语从句作 prove 的
宾语且该宾语从句中缺少宾语,结合上下文内容,这里需要填入一个指代人的关系代词,表
示“土地属于谁”，故此处填入 who/whom。
26.could【解析】考查情态动词。分析句子结构可知，该句不缺少成分，且谓语动词为原
型，故考虑情态动词，结合上下文内容可推知，此处想要表述的是“因为国王的决定，他
们能够(could)在一起工作，成为最好的朋友”，故此处填入 could。
27.seated 【解析】考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知，这里需要填入一个形容词或动词
的故去分词作表语,“remain+过去分词"表示“某人或某事物仍保持某种状态”，而 seated
是 seat 的过去分词转化而来的形容词，意为“坐着的”，故此处填入 seated。
28.himself【解析】考查反身代词。分析句子结构可知,该空处需要填入代词或名词作
earning 的宾语，又结合句意推知，此处想要表述的是“因此，摩西国王继续以智慧和公
平统治他的王国，使他自己(himself)在历史史册上赢得了一席之地”，故该空处填入
himself。
29.how【解析】考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，该空处需要填入一个可以引导宾语
从句的连词，且从句中不缺少主干成分，又根据相关句意推知，此处想要表述的是“他的
故事给了我们一个关于智慧是如何带来和平与和谐的提醒”，how 有“如何”之意，故此处
填入 how。
30.about【解析】考査介词。Bring about 意为“导致;引起”，故该空填入 about。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can
be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.unworkable B.indicative C.polar D.promising E.quantity
F.requests G.content H. vision I.evaluating J.unmet K.subscribing
第3页 | 共42页Brainstorming is a creative process that can help generate new and innovative ideas to solve
complex problems. It involves bringing together individuals from diverse backgrounds and
perspectives to share their ideas freely and build upon each other's contributions. However,
to make the most of this process, it is important to create an environment that encourages
active participation and collaboration. Here are some key principles to keep in mind when
conducting a brainstorming session.
Firstly, it is important to have a clear vision or goal for the brainstorming session. This will
help guide the discussion and ensure that all ideas generated are relevant to the topic at hand.
Participants should be encouraged to share their thoughts and ideas freely, without fear of
judgment or criticism. By (31)________to each other's ideas, individuals can build on each
other's contributions and create a more comprehensive understanding of the problem.
When (32)________ the quality of ideas generated during a brainstorming session, it is
important to consider both the quantity and the (33)________ . While a high quantity of ideas
can be beneficial,it is more important to focus on the quality of the ideas and how well they
align with the group's shared vision. Ideas that are (34)________ or irrelevant to the group's
goals should be discarded in favor of those that are more (35)________.
It is also important to honor (36)________ for more information or clarification on a
particular idea. This can help the group better evaluate the idea and determine whether it
aligns with their shared vision. If an idea is deemed unworkable or needs are (37)________
comprehensively, it is important to recognize this and move on to other ideas that may be
more feasible.
In addition to evaluating the quality of ideas, it is important to consider the content of the
discussion. The brainstorming session should be focused on generating new ideas and
solutions.rather than rehashing old ones. Participants should be encouraged to think
creatively and outside the box, and to avoid getting bogged down in the details.
The (38)________ of ideas generated during a brainstorming session can also be an important
factor to consider. While a high quantity of ideas is not always indicative of a successful
session, it can help ensure that all possibilities are explored and considered. Participants
should be encouraged to generate as many ideas as possible, without worrying about whether
they are practical or feasible.
Ultimately, the success of a brainstorming session depends on the group's ability to work
together towards a shared (39)________. By creating a culture of subscribing to each other's
ideas and evaluating them based on their quality and relevance, we can generate innovative
solutions to complex problems that benefit society as a whole. Brainstorming is a powerful
tool that can help us overcome the (40)________ that plagues our society, and create a more
collaborative and creative future.
第4页 | 共42页【答案】31. K 32.I 33.G 34.A 35. D 36.F 37.J 38.E 39. H 40.C
【导读】本文介绍了开展头脑风暴的关键原则。要成功地进行头脑风暴，必须创造一个
鼓励积极参与和协作的环境，并且明确会议的目标和愿景。参与者应该自由地分享他们
的想法，而不用担心评判或批评。文章还提到了如何评估头脑风暴中产生的想法的质量
和数量，以及如何集中讨论新的想法和解决方案。最终，成功的头脑风暴取决于团队合
作实现共同目标的能力。
【详解】
31.K [解析]分析句子结构可知，该空处需要填入动的-ing 形式，结合相关选项并根据该
空 后 热 及 的 individuals can build on each other's contributions and create a more
comprehensive understanding of the problem 可推知，此处想要表达的是“通过认同
(subscribing)别人的观点，个人可以在彼此贡献的基础上，对问题有更全面的理解”，
故选 K。subscribe v. 捐助;签署;订阅;同意。
32.I [解析]分析句子结构可知，该空需要填入动词的分词形式，结合空格后提及的 the
quality of ideas generated during a brainstorming session (对于头脑风暴期间产生的想法的
质量)可推知，该空应该填入评判类的词，故此处想表述的是“在评估 (evaluating)头脑
风暴期间产生的想法的质量时”，故选 I。evaluate . 评价: 评估。
33.G [解析]连词 and 连接并列成分，and 前为名词，因此该空处需要填入名词。结合上
文提及的 the quality of ideas generated during a brainstorming session 可推知不仅仅要重
视这些想法的数量质量，而且要重要审核这些想法的内容。句意为:“在评估头脑风暴会
议期间产生的想法的质量时，重要的是要考虑数量和内容 (content)”，故选 G。Content
n.内容;目录;含量;成分。
34.A [解析]根据系动词 are 和连词 or 及 irrelevant 可知，该空需要填入形容词。结合该
空之后提及的 irrelevant to the group's goals 可推知，此处想要表述的是“不可行
(unworkable)或与团队目标无关的想法应该被抛弃”，故选 A。unworkable adj.不可行的;
行不通的:不切实际的。
35.D [解析]根据系动词 are 和比较级标志 more 可知，该空需要填入形容词。结合上文
提及的“需要放弃与团队目标不相符的想法”推知，此处需要填入的是“应该接受什么样的
观点”，D 项与上文所填词语含义有反差，即此处的意思为“那些与团队目标无关的想法
应该被抛弃，取而代之的是那些更有前途的 (promising)想法”，故选 D。promising
adj, 有希望的:有前途的。
36.F [解析] 结合连词 or 之后的 clarification 推知，该空需要填入名词。再根据该空之
后提及的 for more information or clarification on a particular idea 以及该段相关内容可
以推知,此处想要表达的是“在头脑风暴过程中尊重相关要求和闸明观点也很重要”。句意
为:“同样重要的是，满足获得更多信息的要求 (requests)或明一个特定想法”。故选 F。
requests n.要求;需要;申请书。
第5页 | 共42页37.J [解析]分析句子结构可知，该空需要填入形容词，结合相关选项和该空前提及的 If an
idea is considered unworkable 推知，此处想要表述的是“如果一个想法被认为是不可行的，
或者需求没有得到全面满足(unmet)，那么重要的是要认识到这一点，并转向其他可能更
可行的想法”，故选 J。unmet adj.未满足的:未相遇的:未应付的。
38.E [解析]结合下句提及的 While a high quantity of ideas is not always indicative of
successful session, it can help ensure that all possibilities are explored and considered.和下
文相关内容可推知，该段讲述的内容与头脑风暴产生的观点的数量有关。句意为:“头脑
风暴会议期间产生的想法数量(quantity)也是一个需要考虑的重要因素”。故选 E。quantity
n.数量数额:大量; 众多。
39.H [解析]根据空格前的冠词 a 可知，该空需要填入可数名词的单数形式，又结合该
空后趣及的 By creating a culture of subscribing to each other's ideas and evaluating them
based on their quality and relevance, we can generate innovative solutions to complex
problems that benefit society as a whole.可知，这句是对上句内容的解释，再结合选项推
知，此处想表达的意思是“最终，头脑风暴的成功取决于团队为实现共同愿景 (vision)
而共同努力的能力”，故选 H。vision n.视力:视野;远见卓识。
40.C [解析]根据空格前的 the 和空格后的名词可知，该空需要填入形容词，再结合该空
之后捷及的 that causes our society physical and mental disturbances, and create a more
collaborative and creative future 可推知，要创造更具协作性和创造性的未来需要克服一些
相反的观点，即此处句意为“头脑风暴是一种强大的工具，可以帮助我们克服造成我们社
会的两极(polar)现象，创造一个更具协作性和创造性的未来”，故选 C。polar adj.极地
的:磁极的:完全相反的。
III.Reading Comprehension (共 45 分。 41-45 每题 1 分；56-70 每题 2 分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or
phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that
best fits the context
.
Doctors are scientists whooperate in a world of statistics, odds and probability Yet they’ve
long been taught that when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of
(41)______
confidence and certainty. , patients expect their doctors to give them a
and a
clear diagnosis straightforward course of treatment. But now that information about
第6页 | 共42页every medical condition imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether
_____
doctors' apparent (42) when communicating with their patients actually does more
harm than good. With the information overload brought by the progress of medicine
______
and technology answers are (43) black or white.
Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal with this, and
______
patients'expectations haven't (44) , either.
“Medicine has always fallen short of the sort of certainty that we find in math and
geometry”, says Dr. Ross Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health in
Toronto. “If you think about knowledge and what it does, it’s
______
about (45) uncertainty, not about creating certainty. ”
______
Doctors in training,like gamblers, need to be (46) working in a field in which
they’re constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors. When Upshur teaches
medical students how to diagnose an ailment( 小 恙 ), he tells them to
______ ----
(47) their inquiry come up with a list of possibilities, rather than
quickly home in on a single solution. “Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is
______
firm, you usually don’t have certainty about what would be the best (48) and what
”
the outcomes will be in the long run.
(49) ______
Technologyhas helped the quest for certainty. We are reaching a point where
______
we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer and get a more (50) diagnosis than
from a doctor. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School,
______
sees such developments as both a/an (51) and an opportunity. On one hand, he
______
says, “technology tries to push you to a/an (52) level of certainty. Do this test to
get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease. ”
第7页 | 共42页On the other hand, computers can’t (53) ______ a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in
a comforting way. Take a routine screening test for early-stage lung cancer. Based on your
age, your smoking status, and your gender, a computer can do a great job of evaluating the
chances of finding a cancerous nodule ( 癌 症 结 节 ). It can also
(54) ______ quite precisely the risk of developing an actual cancer based on the size and
shape of a nodule. What it can’t do, (55) ______, is decide how to break the news that you
have a nodule in your lung that has a 1 percent chance of becoming a cancer.
41.A.On the hand B. Afterwords C. As a result D.Above all
42.A. victim B. instance C. transparency D. certainty
43.A. frequently B. generally C.rarely D. mainly
44.A. adored B.transformed C.faded D.adjusted
45.A. limiting B. hitting C.threatening D. assembling
46. A. compared with B. accounted for C. accustomed to D.annoyed at
47.A.cover B.train C.clarify D.broaden
48.A. identify B. cure C.defend D.cause
49.A. enlighten B.redefine C.commit D.guarantee
50. A. accurate B.plain C.serious D.remedial
51.A. challenge B. encounter C.conversation D.dispute
52.A. dangerous B. maximal C.unfavorable D.contrasting
53. A.stuff B.hint C.communicate D. indicate
54.A. conclude B. understand C.assume D. calculate
55. A.however B. therefore C. moreover D.hence
【答案】 41~45. CDCDA 46~50. CDBBA 51~55. ABCDA
【导读】文章讨论了医生在与病人交流时传达自信和确定性的重要性，然而，随着医学
和技术进步带来的信息爆炸，专家们开始质疑医生与病人交流时的表面确定性是否对病
第8页 | 共42页人造成更多伤害。医学院只是开始教导医生如何处理这个问题，而病人的期望也没有明
确。医生并不像数学和几何学那样具备确定性，而是需要不断权衡各种因素来做出决策。
技术在一定程度上提供了确定性，但无法像医生那样以安慰人心的方式给出诊断和治疗
建议。虽然计算机可以评估肺部结节的癌症风险，但它无法决定如何告知患者肺部有 1%
的机会变成癌症。因此，医生需要在不确定性中进行决策，并通过人性化的交流方式向
患者传递信息。
【解析】
41.C【解析]此题考查上下文的逻辑关系。上文提到，医生应该给病人一个确定的诊断和
治疗方案，而该空后提到，患者希望医生能给他们一个明确的诊断和简单的治疗过程。
因此，此处能够承接上下文的只有 C 项，as a result 意为“所以;结果(是)”，故选 C。on the
hand 一方面:afterwords adv.后来;as a result 所以;结果(是):above all 最重要的是:尤其是。
42.D【解析]结合上文提及的 Doctors are scientists who operate in a world of statistics,odds
and probability. Yet they've long been taught that when dealing with patients they should
convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty.可知此处提及的内容与医生在治疗过
程中的明确性沟通相关，再结合相关选项，此处与“确定性”能够产生联系的选项只有 D
项。句意为:“但现在，只要点击几下鼠标，就可以获得关于每一种可以想象的医疗状况
的信息，专家们正在询问，医生在与患者沟通时的明显确定性(certainty)是否真的弊大于
利”。故选 D。victim n.受害者:牺牲品:instance n.例子，实例;情况;transparency n.透明;透
明度:透明性: certainty n.确定:必然性。
43.C 【 解 析 ] 结 合 选 项 及 上 下 文 experts are asking whether doctors' apparent
certainty--when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than good.可知，
专家们也在研究和询问医患沟通明确带来的影响，所以此处最可能表述的是“随着医学和
技术进步带来的信息过量，答案很少(rarely)是非黑即白的”。故选 C。frequently adv.频
繁地，经常:generally adv.笼统地;通常地;普遍地:rarely adv.少有地;罕见地;mainly adv.主
要地;大多。
44.D【解析]结合上文提及的 patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and
a straightforward course of treatment 可知，患者希望医生能给他们一个明确的诊断和简单
的治疗过程，再结合选项可推知患者的这种观念在短时间不会发生改变。句意为:“医学
院才刚刚开始教医生如何应对这种情况，患者的期望也没有调整(adjusted)”，故选 D。
adore v.喜爱:爱慕;transfer v.(使)转移:(使)调动;fade v.褪去;逐渐消逝:adjust v.适应，调整，
校正。
45.A【解析]结合下文和该空后提及的 not about creating certainty 可推知，该空所填词构
成的短语的意思应与 creating certainty 意思相近，limiting uncertainty 符合题意。句意
为:“如果你思考知识及其作用，那就是限制(limiting)不确定性，而不是创造确定性”。故
选 A. limit v.限制:限量:使限于:hit v.打，打击:碰撞:threaten v 恐吓:威胁:预示(某事):
assemble v.集合，收集:装配，组合:组装。
第9页 | 共42页46.C[解析]结合下文所举的相关例子可推知，接受培训的医生需要在海量信息中作出判
断，即当他们诊断疾病时，经常会面对这种情况，所以他们要慢慢习惯这种工作状态。
句意为:“像赌徒一样，接受培训的医生需要习惯于(accustomed to)在一个他们不断根据无
数因素权衡胜算的领域工作”。故选 C. compare with 与……比较，跟……相比:account for
说明(原因、理由等);在(数量、比例上)占，对…负责:annoy at 对愤怒。
47.D【解析]结合该空之后提及的 come up with a list of possibilities--rather than quickly
home in on a single solution 可推知，文章不提倡快速地回到一个单一的解决方案上，所
以此处想要表达的意思为“当 Upshur 教医学生如何诊断疾病时，他告诉他们扩大(broaden)
调查范围一一列出各种可能性，而不是迅速找到一个单一的解决方案”，故选 D。cover
v.遮盖:覆盖:撒上:包括:涉及:train v、训练:教育:培养;修整:clarify v、阐明，澄清:净化:
broaden v.变宽:扩大.的范围。
48.B【解析]结合上句提及的 Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is firm 可知，
此处讲述的内容与医疗诊断相关，再分析选项，此处 B 项能够与上文联系起来。句意
为:“即使你做出了你认为可靠的诊断，你通常也不确定什么是最好的治疗(cure)方法，从
长远来看会有什么结果?”。故选 B。identify v、识别，认出:确定:cure n.药:措施:疗程:defend
v.防御:保卫:防守:cause n.原因;理由;事业:诉讼案。
49.B【解析]结合上下文提及的相关内容可知，医生需要慢慢习惯从海量信息中诊断疾病，
而信息技术提高了诊断的准确性，这说明准确诊断疾病是医生追求已久的。句意为:“技
术帮助重新定义了对确定性的追求”，故选 B。enlighten v.启发，阐明:redefine v.再定义:
commit v.犯罪:承诺:guarantee v.保证:担保。
50.A[解析]结合上下文提及的 Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you
have this disease.可推知，此处想要表达的是“我们已经到了可以将症状列表输入计算机
并得到比医生更准确的(accurate)诊断的地步”，故选 A。accurate adj.正确的，精确的:精
准的: plain adj.清楚的:坦诚的:单色的:朴素的:serious adj.严重的:严肃的:认真的:庄重
的:remedial adj.补教的;纠正的:治疗的;补习的，辅导的。
51.A[解析]结合下文提及的信息技术对于提高诊断准确率的好处和缺点，并结合选项可
知，此处句意为:“哈佛医学院医学教授理查德·施瓦茨坦博士认为，这种发展既是一种挑
战(challenge)，也是一种机遇”。故选 A。challenge n.挑战:(比赛等的)邀请:质疑:encounter
n.遭遇，偶遇:(体育)比赛:conversation n.交谈，谈话:dispute n.争论，争端，纠纷。
52.B【解析]结合该空之后提及的 Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you
have this disease 可知，将症状信息输入电脑能够 99%确定患有某种疾病，即最大程度确
定所患疾病。故该空所在句子想要表达的是“技术试图把你推向一个最大的(maximal)确
定水平。做这个测试可以获得 99%的确定性,你患有这种疾病”。故选 B.dangerous adj.危
险的;maximal adj.尺寸最大的，最高的，持续时间最长的:unfavorable adj.不利的:相反的;
令人不快的;不吉利的:contrasting adj.极不相同的，迥异的。
第10页 | 共42页53.C【解析]结合该段内容以及最后提及的 is decide how to break the news that you have a
nodule in your lung that has a l percent chance of becoming a cancer 可推知，计算机虽然能
够非常准确第诊断疾病，但其在告知诊断结果方面存在一定缺陷。句意为:“另一方面，
计算机无法以令人欣慰的方式向患者传达(communicate)诊断或治疗”。故选 C。stuff v.塞
满;填塞;hint v.暗示，提示:communicate v.沟通;传递;传染;相通:indicate v.表明，暗示:指
示。
54.D【解析]结合上句提及的 Based on your age, your smoking status, and your gender, a
computer can do a great job of evaluating the chances of finding a cancerous nodule 可知，此
处是在说明计算机根据相关信息诊断疾病的准确程度。句意为:“它还可以根据结节的大
小和形状非常精确地计算出(calculate)患上实际癌症的风险”。故选 D。conclude v.推断出:
总结:结束:缔约:understand v.明白，理解:了解:得知:默认;领会:assume v.假设:承担(责任):
获得(权利):呈现:calculate v.计算:估算:估计:预料。
55.A[解析]结合该空前后内容，可以发现上文说计算机可以准确诊断疾病，而该空之后
则说“计算机不能够准确告知疾病发展”，前后有一定的转折性，故选 A。however adv.然
而:不管怎样:conj.不管怎样:therefore adv.因此:moreover adv.此外:而且:hence adv.因此，所
以。
外刊题源：
.
Doctors are scientists whooperate in a world of statistics, odds and probability Yet
they’ve long been taught that when dealing with patients they should convey
(41)
a reassuring level of confidence and certainty. As a result, patients expect their
and a
doctors to give them a clear diagnosis straightforward course of treatment. But now
that information about every medical condition imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts
are asking whether doctors' apparent (42) certainty when communicating with their patients
actually does more harm than good. With the information overload brought by
the progress of medicine and technology answers are (43) rarely black or white.
Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal with this, and
patients'expectations haven't (44) adjusted, either.
第11页 | 共42页“Medicine has always fallen short of the sort of certainty that we find in math and
geometry”, says Dr. Ross Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health in
Toronto. “If you think about knowledge and what it does, it’s about (45) limiting uncertainty,
not about creating certainty. ”
accustomed to
Doctors in training,like gamblers, need to be (46) working in a field in
which they’re constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors. When Upshur
teaches medical students how to diagnose an ailment( 小 恙 ), he tells them to
----
(47) broaden their inquiry come up with a list of possibilities, rather than
quickly home in on a single solution. “Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is
firm, you usually don’t have certainty about what would be the best (48) cure and what
”
the outcomes will be in the long run.
(49)
Technology has helped redefine the quest for certainty. We are reaching a point where
we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer and get a more (50) accurate diagnosis than
from a doctor. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School,
sees such developments as both a/an (51) challenge and an opportunity. On one hand, he says,
“technology tries to push you to a/an (52) maximal level of certainty. Do this test to get a 99
percent level of certainty that you have this disease. ”
On the other hand, computers can’t (53)communicate a diagnosis or a treatment to patients
in a comforting way. Take a routine screening test for early-stage lung cancer. Based on
,
your age, your smoking status and your gender, a computer can do a great job of evaluating
the chances of finding a cancerous nodule ( 癌 症 结 节 ). It can also
(54) calculate quite precisely the risk of developing an actual cancer based on the size and
,
shape of a nodule. What it can’t do, (55) however is decide how to break the news that you
have a nodule in your lung that has a 1 percent chance of becoming a cancer.
第12页 | 共42页【难句解析】
1. Doctors are scientists who operate in a world
of statistics, odds and probability. Yet they’ve long been taught
that when dealing with patients they should convey
a reassuring level of confidence and certainty.
医生是科学家，他们的工作离不开数据、机率和概率。然而长期以
来，他们被教导说，与病人打交道时，他们应该传递令人信服的自
信和确定性。
Operate 这里应理解为“工作”; reassuring 令人信服的、可靠的。
2. (1) As a result, patients expect their doctors to give them a
clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment.
因此，病人期待医生给他们一个清晰的诊断和直接的治疗过程。
3. But now that information about every medical
condition imaginable is just a few clicks away experts are
asking whether doctors' apparent (2) certainty when
communicating with their patients actually does more harm than
good.
第13页 | 共42页但是，现在只要轻点鼠标、就能了解到各种病情信息，鉴于此，专
家们质疑：与病人沟通时，医生给出的确定性实际上是否弊大于利。
Now that 因为、鉴于；every…imaginable 各种、全部的、所能想
到的。
4.With the information overloadbrought by the progress of
medicine and (3) technology answers are rarely black or white.
Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal
with this, and patients' expectations haven't (4) adjusted either.
随着医学和技术进步所带来的信息过载，答案很少非黑即白。医学
院正在开始教医生如何处理这个问题，而病人的期望也还没有能适
应（这一变化趋势）。
With…brought 复合结构“随着/在……”；
5. “Medicine has alwaysfallen short ofthe sort of certainty that we
find in math and geometry”, says Dr. Ross Upshur, a researcher at
the Dalla Lana School of Public Health in Toronto. “If you think
about knowledge and what it does, it’s
about (5) limiting uncertainty, not about creating certainty. ”
第14页 | 共42页"医学总是达不到我们在数学和几何学中发现的那种确定性"，多伦
多达拉拉纳公共卫生学院的研究员罗斯-厄普舒尔博士说。"如果你
考虑到知识和它的作用，它是关于限制不确定性，而不是创造确定
性。"
fallen short of 达不到、缺少。
6.Doctors in training,like gamblers, need to be (6) accustomed
to working in a field in which they’re constantly weighing the
odds based on countless factors. When Upshur teaches medical
students how to diagnose a disease, he tells them to
(7) broaden their inquiry ---- come up with a list of
possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution.
接受培训的医生就像赌徒一样，需要习惯于在这个领域工作，在这
个领域中，他们不断地根据无数的因素来衡量赔率。当 Upshur 教授
医学生如何诊断一种疾病时，他告诉他们要扩大调查范围----提出一
个可能性的清单，而不是迅速归纳出一个单一的解决方案。
Weigh 掂量、权衡；home in on 对准、指向。
第15页 | 共42页7.“Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is firm,you
usually don’t have certainty about what would be the best
(8) cure and what the outcomes will be in the long run.”
"即使你做出了一个你认为是确定的诊断，你通常也不能确定什么是
最好的治疗方法，以及从长远来看，结果会是什么。"
In the long run 长期来看。
8.(9)Technology has helped redefine the quest for certainty. We
are reaching a point where we can feed a list of symptomsinto a
computer and get a more (10) accurate diagnosis than from a doctor.
Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a professor of medicine at Harvard
Medical School, sees such developments as both a/an
(11) challenge and an opportunity. On one hand, he says,
“technology tries to push you to a/an (12) maximal level of certainty.
Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this
disease. ”
技术已经帮助我们重新定义了对确定性的追求。我们正在达到这样
一个地步：我们可以把症状清单输入计算机，得到比医生更准确的
诊断。哈佛医学院医学教授理查德-施瓦茨坦博士认为这种发展既是
第16页 | 共42页挑战也是机遇。他说，一方面，"技术试图把你推到一个最大的确定
性水平。做这个测试可以得到 99%的确定性：你有这个疾病。"
Redefine 重新定义；reaching a point where 达到某个……的程度。
9. On the other hand, computers can’t
(13) communicate a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in
a comforting way. Take a routine screening test for early-stage lung
cancer. Based on your age, your smoking status, and your gender, a
computer can do a great job of evaluating the chances of finding a
cancerous nodule (癌症结节).
另一方面，计算机不能以安慰的方式向病人传达诊断或治疗。以早
期肺癌的常规筛查测试为例。根据你的年龄、吸烟状况和性别，计
算机可以很好地评估发现癌症结节的几率。
a routine screening test 定期筛查。
10. It can also (14)calculate quite precisely the risk of developing
an actual cancer based on the size and shape of a nodule. What it
can’t do, (15) however, is decide how to break the news that you
第17页 | 共42页have a nodule in your lung that has a 1 percent chance of becoming
a cancer.
它还可以根据结节的大小和形状，相当精确地计算出发展为实际癌
症的风险。然而，它不能做的是决定如何告诉你，你的肺部有一个
结节，有 1%的机会成为癌症。
developing 患上某种疾病；break the news 爆料、告诉实情。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several
questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C
and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you
have just read.
(A)
In the vast, untouched expanse of wilderness, Isla and her faithful golden retriever(猎犬),
Finn danced in a harmony of souls. Together, they weaved through myriad terrains, from
shadowed forests echoing with ancient secrets to rugged mountain paths that touched the
heavens. Their bond was not of mere circumstance, but of shared dreams, Isla sought quiet
away from the urban noise, while every rustle and murmur of the wild ignited Finn's spirit.
As dawn's first light kissed the earth, Isla deliberately packed away memories of the nigh
while Finn, with eager anticipation, wagged ( 摇摆)his tail, eager for the day's melodies.
Their journey was not charted by maps or compasses, but by the gentle touches of their
hearts, caressed by nature's ideal breezes.
One dusky evening, painted with deep red colors and ethereal purples, an unexpected storm
took them off guard, Raindrops, heavy with sorrow, transformed familiar trails into flowing
streams, in a desperate bid for refuge, Isla was trapped by the fierce embrace of the currents.
It twas Finn's instinctive courage that shone brightly in that moment of despair, as he moved
forward suddenly, securing her backpack with a steadfast grip, drawing her back to safety's
shore.
第18页 | 共42页Nestled in u rocky embrace, they clung to each other against the storm's fury. Isla whispered
tales of bygone days and distant horizons into Finn's eager cars, In return , he moved slowly
and complained weakly, weaving tales without words, sharing a symphony of silent stories.
When the storm's rage decreased, the world they knew was covered in unfamiliarity. Trails
they once danced upon had vanished, and landmarks whispered in unfamiliar tongues. For the
first time, Isla felt the weight of disorientation. But Finn, with unwavering confidence,
stepped forward, trusting his instincts to unveil the path ahead.
As days melted into weeks, just when hope seemed a distant star, the embrace of a hidden
village hugged them gently, Interested by the long exciting journey, villagers welcomed
them ,their journey becoming woven into the picture of local legend. But the wild's
temptation could not be ignored. Restored, the two partners ventured once more into the
embrace of nature, carrying with them the blessings and hopes of newfound friends.
Through the rich and colorful picture of their adventures, it became evident that their true
strength was not in conquering the elements but in the unyielding bond they shared. The wild
was but a stage for their eternal ballet of friendship and perseverance.
56. What connected Isla to Finn?
A. The untouched expanse of wilderness.
B. Shadowed forests echoing with ancient secrets.
C.Circumstance and shared dreams.
D. The urban noise.
57. What drove Isla into despair?
A. A dusk of crimson and purple.
B. A sudden storm.
C. The familiar trails.
D. A rocky embrace.
58. What were the villagers interested in?
A. Finn's confidence and intuition.
第19页 | 共42页B. Isla's respect for nature.
C. Isla and Finn's exciting journey
D. The wild's temptation.
59. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Isla and Finn made their journeys based on a map or a compass.
B. Finn failed to pull Isla back to the safety of shore.
C, The villagers wove Isla and Finn's journey into local legend.
D. Isla and Finn's real strength lied in conquering harsh environments.
【答案】56-59 CBCC
【导读】这篇文章描述了女孩 Isla 和她的金毛猎犬 Finn 在荒野中的冒险故事。他们的强
大纽带不仅仅是命运的巧合，更是梦想的共享。在一场突如其来的暴风雨中，Finn 展现
了无畏的勇气，拯救了 Isla。他们共同面对了困境，展现出了深厚的友谊和坚韧的品质。
在冒险中，他们发现真正的力量不在于征服自然，而在于彼此之间坚不可摧的纽带。
56.C【解析】根据文章第一段倒数第二句 Their bond was not of mere c mere circumstance,
but of shared dreams, Isla sought quiet away from the urban noise, while every rustle and
murmur of the wild ignited Finn's spirit..可知，Isis 和 Finn 之间的联系不仅仅是环境，而
是共同的梦想。A 项（未触及的原野）、B 项(回荡着古老秘密的阴影森林)、D 项(城市
的嘈杂声)都说法错误。C 项（环境和共同的梦想)正确，故选 C。
57.B【解析】根据文章第三段的内容可知，一场突如其来的暴风雨使他们猝不及防。雨
点把熟悉的小路变成了奔流的小溪。在绝望地寻求庇护时，Isla 被激流的猛烈拥抱所困。
在那绝望的时刻，Finn 猛扑过去，紧紧抓住她的背包，把她拉回了安全的海岸。这说明
是暴风雨让 Isla 陷入了绝望。A 项(深红色和紫色的黄昏)、C 项(熟悉的小径)、D 项(岩
石般的拥抱)都说法错误。B 项(突然的暴风雨)正确，故选 B。
58.C 【 解折】文章第六段 Intrigued by their odyssey, villagers welcomed them, their
journey becoming woven into the tapestry of local lore,中的 odyssey 表示“漫长而刺激的历
程”，由此可知村民们对 Isla 和 Finn 的这些旅程感兴趣。A 项(Finn 的自信和直觉)、B
项(Isla 对自然的崇敬)、D 项(野性的吸引)都错误。 C 项(Isla 和 Finn 激动人心的旅程)
正确，故选 C。
第20页 | 共42页59.C【解析】根据文章第二段第二句 Their journey was not charted by maps or compasses,
but by the gentle touches of their hearts, caressed by nature's ideal breezes,可知，他们的旅程
不是由地图或指南针绘制的，而是由他们内心的温柔触动的。A 项(Isla 和 Finn 根据地图
或指南针来旅行)错误;根据第三段最后一句 It was Finn's instinctive courage that shone
brightly in that moment of despair, as he lunged, securing her backpack with a steadfast grip,
drawing her back to safety's shore.可知，在那绝望的时刻,Finn 本能的勇气闪耀着光芒，他
猛扑过去，紧紧抓住 Isla 的背包，把她拉回了安全的海岸。B 项(Finn 没能把 Isla 拉回安
全的海岸)错误;根据第六段第二句 Interest by the long exciting journey, villagers
welcomed them, their journey becoming woven into the picture of local legend.可知村民们
对他们的旅程感兴趣，对他们表示欢迎，他们的旅程被编织进了当地传说的画面中。C
项(村民们把 Isla 和 Finn 的旅程编织进了当地的传说)正确;根据最后一段的 Through the
tapestry of their adventures,it became evident that their true strength was not in conquering
the elements but in the unyielding bond they shared.可知，很明显，他们真正的力量不在于
征服恶劣的环境，而在于他们共同拥有的不屈的纽带。D 项(Isla 和 Finn 真正的实力在于
征服恶劣的环境)错误。故选 C。
(B)
The Motivated Sequence (序列) of Public Speech
The motivated sequence gets its name partly because it follows john Dewey's problem
solution model for thinking and partly because it makes attractive analyses of these problems
and their solutions by tying them to human motives. That is, the motivated sequence is both
problem-driven and motivation-centered.
There are five basic steps in the motivated sequence
1.You must get people to attend to some problem, or to feel discomfort strongly enough to
want to hear more.
2. You can create more specific wants or desires, a personal sense of need.
3. When wants or needs are created, you can attempt to satisfy them by showing what can be
done to solve the problem or relieve the sense of discomfort.
4. Simply describing a course of action may not be enough, so in the fourth place you can
visualize the world as it would look if the actions were carried out, and what it might be like
if they were not.
5. With that,if you have done these four tasks well, accidence members should be ready to
act --to put into practice the proposed solution to their problems.
第21页 | 共42页Five steps
Audience response
l.Attention I want to listen.
Getting attention
2.Need Something needs to be done.
Showing the need :
Describing the solution
3.Satisfaction This is what to do to satisfy the need.
Satisfying the need :
presenting the solution
4.Visualization _________ ? _________
Visualizing the results
5. Action l will do this.
Requesting action or approval
The motivated sequence can be used to structure many different sorts of speeches, It could be
used, for example, in a speech urging your classmates to join a blood donors’ association. Or,
you could use it to sell a friend insurance. And you can also use it to talk about social
problems, such as the environment and the economic crisis.
60. What do we know about the motivated sequence?
A. It is the basic principle of problem-solution model.
B. It has nothing to do with human motivation.
C. It's both problem-driven and motivation-centered.
D. There are six basic steps in the motivated sequence.
6l. What can the motivated sequence be used for?
A. A speech urging your classmates to quit a blood donors’ association.
B. A speech to get your friends to promote a blood donors' association
C. A speech to get your friends to sell insurance.
D, A speech on the environmental and economic crisis.
第22页 | 共42页62. Xiao Wang is trying to persuade his classmates to join a blood donors’ association. Help
him draft a speech by putting the following five sentences in the right order based on the
motivated sequence.
(1 ) With the steady supply of blood , emergencies will be met with timely treatment
(2)You can help by filling out the blood donors"cards l am passing out.
(3)Our area is short of blood of all types to meet emergency needs.
(4) A man died last night in a traffic accident because he lost too much blood.
(5)A blood donors' association guarantees a predictable, steady supply of blood to the
medical community.
A. (4 ) (3) (5) (1) (2) B. (4 ) (2) (3) (1) (5)
C. (4 ) (5) (3) (1) (2) D. (4 ) (2) (1) (5) (3)
【答案】60-62 CDA
【导读】这篇文章介绍了公共演讲中的“动机序列”，该序列分为五个基本步骤，包括吸
引注意力、展示需求、提出解决方案、展示解决方案的成效以及请求行动。这种序列可
以用于组织各种类型的演讲，包括说服同学参加献血组织、推销保险以及讨论社会问题
等。
60.C【解析】根据文章第一段第一句 The motivated sequence gets its name partly because
it follows John Dewey's problem solution model for thinking and partly because it makes
attractive analyses of' these problems and their solutions by tying them to human motives.可
知动机序列之所以得名，部分原因是它遵循了约翰·杜的问题解决模式，部分原因是它通
过将这些问题与人类动机联系起来，对这些问题及其解决方案进行了有吸引力的分析。A
项(这是问解决模型的基本原则)和 B 项(这与人的动机无关)表述错误;根据该段最后一句
That is, the motivated sequence is both problem-driven and motivation-centered,可知，动机
序列既是问题驱动的，也是以动机为中心的。C 项(它既是问题驱动型的，也是以动机为
中心的)正确。根据 There are five basic steps in the motivated sequence,可知，在动机序
列中有五个基本步骤。D 项(动机序列有六个基本步骤)表述错误。故选 C。
61.D【解析】根据最后一段的内容可知，动机序列可以用来组织许多不同类型的演讲。
例如,它可以用在演讲中，敦促你的同学加入献血者协会。或者，你可以用它来卖给朋友
保险。你也可以用它来谈论社会问题，比如环境和经济危机。A 项(一场敦促同学退出献
血者协会的演讲)、B 项(一场让你的朋友来宜传一个献血者协会的演讲)、C 项(一场让你
的朋友推销保险的演讲)都说法错误。D 项(一场关于环境和经济危机的演讲)正确。故选
D。
第23页 | 共42页62.A【解析】根据动机序列的五个基本步骤可知，小王说服他的同学加入献血者协会的
演讲首先要让人们关注某个问题，吸引听众的注意力,让他们强烈地感到不舒服,想要听到
更多。即第一步为(4) 昨晚一名男子因失血过多而死于交通事故。接下来要创造更具体的
需求或欲望，即第二步为(3) 我们地区缺乏各种类型的血液以满足紧急需要。接着通过展
示可以做些什么来解决问题或减轻不适感来满足它们，即第三步为(5)献血者协会保证向
医学界提供可预测的、稳定的血液供应。然后描述如果行动被执行后会带来什么影响，
即第四步为(1)有了稳定的血液供应，突发事件就能得到及时的处理。最后就是将解决问
题的办法付诸实践，即第五步为(2)你可以帮忙填写我发的献血者登记卡。所以正确组织
该演讲的顺序为(4)(3)(5)(1)(2)，故选 A。
(C)
The universe expands with every passing second, stretching the space between galaxies like
dough rising in an oven. But just how fast is this expansion happening? As telescopes like
Hubble strive to answer this fundamental question, they encounter a perplexing gap between
theoretical predictions and observed data.
Hubble's measurements indicate a faster rate of expansion in the modern universe compared
to what was expected based on observations of the universe more than 13 billion years ago
by the European Space Agency's Planck satellite. This inconsistency has been a subject of
scientific inquiry for several years. However, it remains uncertain whether differences in
measurement techniques or chance variations are responsible for this disparity.
Recent data from the Hubble telescope have significantly reduced the possibility that this
discrepancy is merely a statistical fluke, with the chances now estimated at only 1 in 100,000.
This marks a substantial improvement from previous estimates, which placed the odds at 1 in
3,000 less than a year ago. These precise measurements from Hubble lend weight to the
hypothesis that new physics may be necessary to reconcile the observed mismatch.
Lead researcher Adam Riess, a Nobel laureate from the Space Telescope Science Institute
and Johns Hopkins University, describes the tension between the early and late universe as
one of the most exciting developments in cosmology in decades. He emphasizes that the
growing disparity cannot be dismissed as a random occurrence and suggests that it may
signal the need for a deeper understanding of the cosmos.
To determine distances in the universe, scientists rely on a "cosmic distance ladder" method.
This involves accurately measuring distances to nearby galaxies and then using progressively
distant galaxies as reference points. By observing stars like Cepheid variables, astronomers
can calibrate this distance ladder. Riess and his team have been refining these measurements
since 2005, aiming to improve our understanding of cosmic distances.
In their latest study, astronomers used Hubble to observe 70 Cepheid variables in the Large
Magellanic Cloud. By comparing these stars with their more distant counterparts in galaxies
第24页 | 共42页hosting supernovae, they refined their measurement of the Hubble constant, reducing its
uncertainty from 2.2% to 1.9%. Despite this increased precision, their calculated Hubble
constant remains at odds with the value predicted by observations of the early universe
conducted by Planck.
The Planck satellite, which maps the cosmic microwave background – a remnant of the
universe's early stages – provides crucial data for understanding the universe's expansion.
However, the discrepancy between these measurements and those from Hubble underscores
the need for further investigation and the potential for new discoveries in cosmology.
63.Where do measurements of the early universe come from?
A. The space between galaxies.
B.Measurements from Hubble and other telescopes
C. European Space Agency's Planck satellite.
D. The latest Hubble data.
64. Which of the following statements is in line with Adam Riess’ opinion?
A. The expansion speed of the modern universe is faster than expected
B. New physics may be needed to explain this mismatch.
C, It is unlikely that this discrepancy occurred by chance.
D. Hubble's tension is the most exciting development in cosmology in decades.
65. What do scientists use to determine the distance of things in the universe?
A. A cosmic distance ladder.
B. Accurate measurements of distances.
C.Milepost markers.
D. The Hubble constant.
66. What did Riess’ team do?
第25页 | 共42页A. They used the Hubble Space Telescope to observe pulsating stars
B. They improved the comparison between
C.They raised the uncertainty of the Hubble constant to 2.2%
D. They reduced the uncertainty in their Hubble constant value to 1.9.
【答案】63-66 CCAD
【导读】这篇文章探讨了宇宙膨胀的速度以及科学家在测量中遇到的矛盾。哈勃望远镜
的最新数据表明，现代宇宙的膨胀速度比早期宇宙的预期要快，这与之前从欧洲空间局
的普朗克卫星获得的数据不符。研究人员使用哈勃望远镜观察了大麦哲伦星云中的 70 颗
脉动星，并通过比较它们与更遥远的超新星宿主星系中的脉动星，改进了距离测量方法。
这一研究结果强化了一种新物理可能需要解释这种不匹配的观点。
64.C【解析】根据文章第一段第六句 These measurements of the early universe come
from the European Space Agency's Planck satellite.可知,这些早期宇宙的测量数据来自欧
洲航天局的普朗克卫星。A 项(星系之间的空间)、B 项(哈和其他望远镜的测量结果)、D
项(最新的哈勃数掘)都说法错误。C 项(欧洲航天局的普朗克卫星)正确，故选 C。
65.C【解析】阅读文章可知 Adam Riess 出现在第二段，所以答案应定位在第二段。根据
第二第一句中的 The Hubble tension between the early and late universe may be the most
exciting development In cosmology in decades 可知,早期宇宙和晚期宇宙之间的哈勃张力
可能是几十年来宇古学中最令人兴合的发展.D 项(哈勃的张力是几十年来宇宙学中最令
人兴面的发展)说法错误。根据该段最后一句 This disparity could not plausibly occur just
by chance.可知，这种差异不可能是偶然出现的。C 项(这种差异不太可能是偶然发生的)
正确。A(现代字宙的膨胀速度比预测的要快)和 B 项(可能需新的物理学来解释这种不匹
配)属于第一段的内容，与 Adam Riess 无关，所以 A 项、B 项错误。故选 C。
66.A【解折】根据文章第三段第一句 Scientists use a "cosmic distance ladder" to
determine how far away things are in the universe,可知，科学家们使用“字宙距离阶梯”来确
定字宙中事物的距高。A 项(宇宙距离阶梯)正确。B 项(精确测量距离)、C 项(里程碑标
记)、D 项(哈勃常数)都错误。故选 A。
66.D 【解析】根据文章第四段第三句 Riess' team reduced the uncertainty in their Hubble
constant value to 1.9% from an earlier estimate of 2.2%,可知, 里斯的团队将哈勃常数的不
确定性从之前估计的 2.2%降低到 1.9%。C 项(他们把哈勃常数的不确定度提高到 2.2%)
说法错误; D 项(他们把哈勃常数的不确定性降低到 1.9%)正确。根据该段第一句 In this
new study,astronomers used Hubble to observe 70 pulsating stars called Cepheid variables in
the Large? Magellanic Cloud.可知,天文学家使用哈勃望远镜观察了大麦哲伦星云中 70 颗
被称为造父变星的脉动恒是，这不是里斯的团队做的事，故 A 项(他们用哈勃太空望远
镜 观 察 脉 动 恒 星 ) 说 法 错 误 ; 根 据 该 段 第 二 句 The observations helped the
第26页 | 共42页astronomers“rebuild” the distance ladder by improving the comparison between those
Cepheids and their more distant cousins in the galactic hosts of supernovas,可知，这些观测
帮助天文学家“重建”了距离阶梯，改善了造父变星和它们在超新星宿主星系中更遥远的
表亲之间的比较，这也不是里斯的团队做的事，故 B 项(他们改进了造父变星和更远的表
亲之间的比较)说法错误。故选 D。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence
can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A. A flexible schedule allows students to work whenever and wherever they learn best.
B. Even postgraduate students have the opportunity to take advantage of a competitive
program.
C. It's clear to see how homeschooling, even if done primarily online , isn't the same
as online learning.
D. There may have been limited resources available when the homeschooling movement
was fist adopted.
E. One of the main differences between online school and homeschool is that online s
chools still employ teachers.
F. Many misconceptions may continue to build around the two, including mistaking a s
take of digitized worksheets for online classrooms.
The Difference Between Homeschooling and Schooling at Home
Homeschooling is not a new concept, Families have chosen this as a primary source of
education for decades. Whether they live in a remote urea, travel often, or believe they can
provide a more stable education for their children, parents chose to take control of their
child's education by providing it at home.
(67)__________ Parents relied on workbooks and other printed materials to supplement their
lessons, Today, there aren't only more tangible resources, but there's also help in the form of
tutoring centers and homeschooling pods --- where a group of homeschooled children get
together to learn as a class.
While the idea of homeschooling may not be as foreign as it once was, it's still centered
around replacing the teacher with a parent or guardian, Some parents who choose to
homeschool may be former teachers , which makes the process a little easier, but it still may
not be enough in certain areas.
(68)______________When many districts were forced to conduct school online ,
teachers(68)dove in to learn how to navigate various learning management systems, There
第27页 | 共42页are a number of online charter schools who are already familiar with these platforms and use
them to assign and track student work and progress, Even with an asynchronous learning
model, Laurel Springs School teachers are available during office hours to answer questions
and may hold various Classes for additional learning support.
Similar to homeschooling , online school is based around a student's individualized learning
journey. (69 )________ This allows them time lo pursue other passions and develop a more
independent outlook by taking ownership of their education
To take it a few steps further, accredited online schools, like Laurel Springs, support this
leaning journey with a diverse K-l2 curriculum and instructional support. There are options
for,more rigorous instruction through Honors and Ap courses. The Academy at Laurel
Springs Laurel delivers an exceptional education for intellectually curious scholars.
( 70 )__________ Laurel Springs is also staffed with an impeccable counseling team, guiding
Upper School students through their learning journey along a path to achieve their personal
and professional goals. You can't get all of this through a homeschool program, unless you
consult with a wide variety of other organizations.
【答案】67-70 DEAB
【导读】这篇文章讨论了家庭自教育和在线学校之间的区别。家庭自教育侧重于父母代
替教师进行教育，而在线学校提供更多个性化学习的机会。文章还提到在线学校提供认
证课程和指导，而家庭自教育则需要额外咨询其他组织。
67.D 【解析】句意;当家庭教育运动首次被采用时，可用的资源可能有限。结合该空之
后提及的 Parents relied on workbooks and other printed materials to supplement their
lessons. 可矢”,此处提及的内容与教育资源相关，D 项提到了教育资源，故选 D。
68.E【解析】句意:在线学校和家庭学校的主要区别之一是在线学校仍然雇用教师。根据
该段内容可知，这里主要讲述了教师参与在线教学的一些情况，E 项提及了“教师”这一
角色故选 E。
69.A【解析】句意:灵活的时间表允许学生随时随地学习。结合该空前提及的 Similar to
homeschooling, online school is based around a student's individualized learning journey.可
知,此处提及了学生的个性化学习,故推知该空与学生个性化学习带来的好处相关,A 项符
合文意能够衔接该段内容，故选 A。
70.B【解析】句意:即使是研究生也有机会利用竞争激烈的课程。根据该段相关内容可知，
该段主要介绍的是经过认证的在线教育学校提供的教育课程，以及这些课程的价值，B
项与评价课程价值有一定关系，故选 B。
IV.Summary Writing
第28页 | 共42页Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of
the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Teenagers should be pulled of the sofa
For many years, scientists thought that the human brain was fully mature before the teen
years. They thought that a person's brain growth was complete and the structure was more or
less fixed by the age of 3. However, more recent research shows that although the brain
reaches its maximum size between the ages of 12 and 14, brain development is not yet
complete.
The brain's functionally different sections communicate with each other through synapses-
connections between nerve(神经)cells.Scientists have found that synapses grow or die away,
depending on how much they are used to process information,
The good news is that teenagers do have the potential, through choice and behavior , to shape
their brain development. The brain automatically gets rid of the synapses that it doesn't need
in order to make the remaining ones more efficient. During the time the brain is removing
synapses , the cells and connections that are used survive, while the ones that are not used die
away. For example , if a teenager is doing music , sports or academic studies, those are the
cells and connections that will become part of the brain's operating system. But unfortunately,
if he or she is lying on the sofa, watching TV and playing computer games, those are the
brain cells and connections that will remain into adulthood. Therefore, what you do with your
teenage years could have an effect on the rest of your life,
What is important is that learning how synapses grow or die away can help teenagers be
better equipped to make more intelligent choices, thus motivating them to take a moment
before acting to consider the consequences of their actions. If you don't want to become an
adult who is buried in the sofa all day long, pull yourself out of it when you are still a
teenager.
71._________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
___________-
写作思路如下：
引入话题：简述多年来科学家对青少年大脑发展的误解。
描述大脑发展的事实：12 至 14 岁是大脑大小的峰值，但大脑发展还未完成。
第29页 | 共42页 解释突破：描述突破性研究，指出突触（synapses）的增长或减少取决于信息处理
的使用程度。
青少年选择的重要性：强调青少年可以通过选择和行为塑造大脑发展。
举例说明：使用音乐、运动、学术研究与电视和电脑游戏作为对比，说明对应的
大脑细胞和连接会留存。
结论与建议：强调了解突触如何增长或消失可以帮助青少年做出更明智的选择，
鼓励他们在青少年时期摆脱不良习惯。
【答案答案 01】
71.The passage discusses how teenage brain development is not yet complete, contrary to
previous beliefs. It emphasizes that teenagers can influence their brain development through
their choices and behaviors. Activities like music, sports, and academic studies strengthen
brain connections, while sedentary activities like watching TV weaken them. Understanding
this can encourage teenagers to make smarter choices for their future.
【答案答案 02】
71.: Teenagers' brain development is not complete during adolescence, and their choices and
behaviors can shape their brain development. The brain eliminates unused synapses to
enhance efficiency. Engaging in productive activities like music, sports, or academics can
strengthen brain connections, while passive activities like watching TV may limit brain
development. Understanding this process can help teenagers make intelligent choices for a
healthier future.
【答案答案 03】
71. Research finds teenagers’ brain is sill developing. Synapses connect nerve cells and
enable different brain parts to make communication. They grow when used and disappear if
unused. What teenagers choose to do determines what cells and connections survive into
adulthood, thus affecting their adult life. This knowledge of synapses can help teenagers
make wiser choices.
解析：本篇概要写作的结构为说明文，行文结构比较清楚，方便学生寻找到文章主旨以
及段落主旨。文章标题为：Teenagers should be pulled of the sofa（青少年应远离沙发）。
文章大概内容为：专家建议青少年不要老躺在沙发上，而应该多听音乐，多参加运动等
活动。本篇概要写作的内容较容易理解，文章结构很容易把控，主旨句也很容易快速找
到。
备考建议：
第30页 | 共42页平时的练习过程中，考生需严格按照以下三个步骤进行。
1. 阅读原文，划出主题句和关键词。
① 快速阅读全文，标记段落，划出每段主题句。
② 主题句一般位于句首或句尾，关键词出现频率较高。
2. 草稿环节中提取主题句和关键词。
① 对主题句进行修改，采用适当连词将主题句、关键词和所要写的内容进行串联，形成
一篇完整 Summary。
② 注意表达，切忌出现“Chinglish”。
③ Summary 必须清晰全面表明原文所表达信息，切不可乱入个人观点或评论。
3．定稿时务必仔细检查。
① 检查有无单词拼写类等基本错误。
② 注意卷面整洁，切忌乱涂乱画。
V.Translation (共 15 分。第 1 小题和第 2 小题,每题 3 分;第 3 题 4 分;第 4 题 5 分。)
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the
brackets
72.正如预期的那样，艺术节引起了学生对于民俗文化的兴趣（generate）
____________________________________________________________________________
__________
参考答案：
As is expected, Art Festival has generated students’interest in folk culture.
/As (was) expected, the art festival generated the tourists’/visitors’ interest in folk culture.
解析：
第31页 | 共42页a.Key words: Art Festival 艺术节; folk culture 民俗文化
b.Key points: as 引导非限制性定语从句，翻译成“正如”；“激发了”使用现在完成时。
本题考查实词 generate（v. 产生；引起）的用法，整个句子可以处理成主从复合句，主
句部分为简单的主谓宾结构，从句考查 as 引导的非限制定语从句。
73.你是否意识到这个地区的每一个部落有自己的不成文的规则？(aware)
____________________________________________________________________________
__________
参考答案：
Have you been aware that every tribe in this area has its own unwritten rules?
解析：
a.Key words: be aware that…意识到…；tribe 部落；unwritten rules 不成文规则
b.Key points:现在完成时的考察；宾语从句引导词 that 的使用情况
本题考查实词 aware（adj. 有意识的）的用法 be aware that...，考生们需要注意该词的词
性为形容词，否则容易遗漏 be 动词。另，考生对于题干中的“部落”和“不成文”等表达，
也需要知道相应的英文表达。
74.这家重点实验室将和当地职业学校签订合作协议，为学生提供不一般的互动体验。
（sign）
____________________________________________________________________________
__________
参考答案：
The key laboratory will sign cooperation agreements with local vocational schools, which
will bring students an unusual interactive experience.
/The key laboratory/lab will sign a cooperation agreement with local vocational schools to
provide students with unusual interactive experiences.
解析：
第32页 | 共42页a.Key words: sign…with…与…签署… ；cooperation agreements 合作协议；vocational
schools 职业学校 interactive experience；互动体验
b.Key points:“将和”使用一般将来时；which 引导非限制性定语从句
本题考查实词 sign（v.签订；签署）的用法，“签订合同”可以译为 sign a cooperation
agreement，另外，本题题干的后半段可以处理成表示目的的动词不定式。本题难度中等。
75.这部电视连续剧的剧情围绕某一虚拟的华南城市展开，在剧中汽车工业一直是该城市
的骄傲。（where）
____________________________________________________________________________
__________
参考答案：
The TV series revolves around a certain virtual southern Chinese city, where the car industry
has always been the pride.
/This TV series revolves around a fictional city in southern China, where the auto industry
has long been a source of pride.
/The plot of this TV series revolves around a fictional city in southern China, where the auto
industry has always been the pride of the city.
解析：
a.Key words: TV series 电视连续剧
b.Key points: where 引导定语从句；现在完成时的考察
本题难度较大。根据括号提示词 where 可以得知，本题在语法方面侧重于考查考生对从
句的（where 引导的非限制性定语从句）掌握情况。考生们需要注意，where 作为定语从
句中的关系副词，需要出现在表示地点的名词或代词之后，且从句部分不缺少主干成分。
VI.Guided Writing (共 25 分)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions
given below in Chinese.
第33页 | 共42页你是明启中学高三学生吴磊，你校英语节即将举行主题为“ 快乐童年”的展览，邀请每个
同学提供一件生活中物品参展，并撰写展品介绍供参观者阅读，要求描述展品以及选择
原因。
内容必须包括：
1）对该物品的简要描述
2）你选择该物品参展的原因
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
___________________
解题思路：
第一段：自我介绍+背景介绍+引出主题（我的展品）
第二段：对展品的展开描述。
可以选择一件与快乐童年有关的物品，秘鲁一本喜欢的童话书或者一个陪伴自己成长的
玩具
第三段：选择此展品的原因。解释为什么选择了该物品参展，可以从个人情感回忆和影
响等方面进行阐述，说明该物品与快乐童年之间的联系。
第四段：总结全文，深化主题
常用表达：
介绍外形： long, white, high ,round, square, big small , shape,color, pink, brown
介绍用途：be used to； be applied to； be used for different purposes
介绍材料质地：be made of/ from； steel; iron copper, plastic; leather;wood;cloth; cotton
句型：
第34页 | 共42页1. It is …… centimeters long.
2.It is……centimeters in length and…… centimeters in width.
3. It is made in/of/from
4. The problem it may bring is
5. It can be used to
6. It is convenient for……
参考范文 1:
I’m Wu Lei.For the "Happy Childhood" exhibition, I have chosen to exhibit my cherished
Barbie doll. This special doll was given to me by my mother, and she has been my constant
companion throughout my entire childhood. With her beautiful black hair, pink skirt, and
captivating big eyes, she exudes a sense of elegance and charm. I enjoyed dressing her up
and experimenting with different styles, making her even more stunning.
The Barbie doll holds immense sentimental value to me, as she played a significant role in
my childhood. She was not just a toy; she became my confidante and my dearest friend.
During moments of sadness or conflict with my peers, I would turn to her and pour out my
heart. She patiently listened, providing solace and comfort during my loneliest and darkest
days. Her presence was a source of strength and understanding.
Reflecting upon my childhood, memories of this beloved Barbie doll never fail to surface.
She remains a symbol of unwavering companionship and a source of joy. Regardless of the
circumstances, she was always there, faithfully accompanying me. Through this exhibition, I
aim to share the significance of this doll in my life and evoke a sense of nostalgia and
appreciation for the simple joys and cherished connections of childhood.
参考范文 2：
I'm glad to know that our school is organizing an English festival with the theme “Happy
Childhood”, where each student is invited to provide an item from their life to be
exhibited. After much consideration, I have decided to exhibit my favorite childhood
book, “The Adventures of Peter Rabbit ”
第35页 | 共42页The Adventures of Peter Rabbit is a classic children's book. It tells the story of a rabbit
named Peter and his exciting adventures in McGregor's Garden. I chose this book for the
exhibition because it represents the joy and innocence of my early years. It reminds me of the
carefree days of my childhood where I could immerse myself in the enchanting word of
stories.
By exhibiting this book, I hope to share the happiness and wonder of my childhood with
others. I believe that everyone deserves to experience the joy of a carefree and imaginative
childhood.
语篇分析：今年作文，围绕人与自我的新课标主题，再次体现关注学生心理健康和个人
成长。关注社会生活，关注世道人心，关注励志成长，这是高考作文立足现实的体现，
也是高考作文核心价值观的体现。所以考生们在备考的时候，应多关注这类个人成长的
话题
备考建议：考生在备考过程中，需要关注作文评分的三个维度——内容、语言、结构。
1.内容方面要求学生能够涵盖所有要点，表达有条理。
2.语言方面要求学生能够避免单词拼写和语法错误，避免中式思维的干扰性表达。同时
要注意长短句的交错使用，准确运用高级词汇，适当升级句型，从而使文章的语言多元
化、高级化。
3.结构方面要求考生在写作的时候脉络清晰，重点突出。能够运用恰当得运用连接词这
一显性手段或者代词、原词重现等隐形手段使得段内和段间的衔接自然，结构紧凑。
【点睛】：二考的作文一定程度上给考生带来了“惊吓”，因为以往真题中考查较多的作
文为“回复邮（信）件，提供建议”等常见类型，而本篇文章则类似于雅思口语考试中第
二部分的物品描述题。但是，只要考生平时的写作功底扎实，熟悉“三段式”作文写作方
法，在面对本篇作文题时，依然可以在有限的时间内写出一篇漂亮的高分作文。
在开篇段中，考生可利用题干重点信息，适当进行翻译，交代写作背景，并可以在开篇
段的最后直接表明所提供的参展物品是什么。中间段落可以分成两个自然段书写，来回
答题干中的两个问题：
1、对参考物品的简要描述；
2、选择该物品参展的原因。
其中，对于第一个问题的回答可以简洁一些，回答第二个问题时，则需要注意段落内部
的并列逻辑。结尾段可以用来表达对本次“快乐童年”主题展览的美好祝愿。
第36页 | 共42页笔者认为，考生选择的参展物品是什么并不重要，真正重要的是，考生能够运用准确的
词汇来对物品进行描述，在中间段落的原因陈述部分做到言之有理，能够体现出清晰的
逻辑即可。
备考建议：考生在备考过程中，需要关注作文评分的三个维度——内容、语言、结构。
1.内容方面要求学生能够涵盖所有要点，表达有条理。
2.语言方面要求学生能够避免单词拼写和语法错误，避免中式思维的干扰性表达。同时
要注意长短句的交错使用，准确运用高级词汇，适当升级句型，从而使文章的语言多元
化、高级化。
3.结构方面要求考生在写作的时候脉络清晰，重点突出。能够运用恰当得运用连接词这
一显性手段或者代词、原词重现等隐形手段使得段内和段间的衔接自然，结构紧凑。
综合来看，2023 年二考英语的主观题部分依旧能够体现本文最开始提到的三点规律，考
生在备考过程中一方面要做大量的积累工作，另一方面需要提升实际应用英语的能力。
附：2023 年 6 月上海高考英语卷听力录音文字稿
I.Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the
end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations
and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question
about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best
answer to the question you have heard.
1.
M:Mrs. Wang, would you please tell me on which day the letters are delivered and what time
does the milkman call?
W:Sure. The postman will be here every Thursday afternoon. The milk comes every morning
at around six.
Q:When does the postman come?
2.
第37页 | 共42页M:So all the houses are equipped with a dishwasher and a dryer?
W:Right! And also the kitchen appliances. But I'm afraid you are responsible for your own
lamps.
Q:What does the man have to prepare by himself?
3.
M:Why have you chosen a rabbit instead of, let's say, a dog or a cat as your pet?
W:I can't stand walking dogs. Cats may suit my lifestyle more, but rabbits are my favorite.
Q:What can we learn about the woman?
4.
M:Reception, may I help you?
W:This is Lee in room 215. The people in the next room are playing music too loud and I
can't sleep.
Q:Why does the man make this phone call?
5.
M:Happy new year, Ming Ming! Any good resolutions?W: I've registered for a guitar class.
I'll take up French cooking, find a new job and no more chocolates.
Q:What has the man decided to do?
6.
W:What do you think of joining a book club?
M:If we join one, we can keep up with all the latest books.It isn't any more expensive than
going to a movie.
Q:What does the man imply?
7.
第38页 | 共42页W:I'm putting on some weight, should I go on a diet?
M:You'd better eat more natural food rather than packaged food. Snack on vegetable sticks
instead of chips.
Q:What does the man suggest the woman do ?
8.
M:Doesn't it strike you as odd that our spring outing will be put off till the end of this
month?
W:Yes,it would be too hot, then.
Q:What does the woman imply?
9.
W:How was the fireworks show last night?
M:I really don't enjoy it. There was such a big crowd that we couldn't get very close, even
though we got there an hour before it started.
Q:What does the man mean?
10.
M:I'll be promoted to editor in chief, but I wonder whether I'm a good fit.
W:Come on, you deserve it. Your work has been valued all these years.
Q:What does the woman mean?
Section B
Directions:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. After
each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the
conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear
a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best
answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following talk.
第39页 | 共42页When people think of life in Europe hundreds of yearsago, they often think of castles built of
stones with huge towers. The kitchen, a very important place in a castle, was usually located
a good distance away from other castle rooms and buildings, especially the great hall, which
was a large room where people gathered for meals and other activities.This was because of
the danger of fires. The kitchen staff needed to use fire for cooking. But since the kitchen
was busy all day and every day, sometimes kitchen fires grew out of control, and could
spread to other parts of the castle. Each kitchen also had a garden where vegetables were
grown. Back then, food could not be kept in refrigerators like today. Some vegetables could
be stored underground, but not for long, so most vegetables were picked fresh from the castle
garden as they were needed. But of course, dinner in the castle consisted of many other
things like bread, meat, and fish. So to prepare a full meal, many cooks were needed. The
castle kitchen employed a whole team of people. Some of them made bread and others
prepared desserts, or cooked meat dishes.Now, listen again.
Questions:
11.Why was the kitchen located far away from other castlerooms and buildings?
12.What can be learned about the vegetables for meals in thecastle?
13. What is the talk mainly about?
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following talk.
Digital advertising is booming, and this year it hasbecome a $72 billion industry. For the first
time, more money has been spent on it than on TV ads. The explanation is simple: Online
video ads are growing both in popularity for consumers and effectiveness for brands. To
make video advertising easier for you, we published a new e-book"A Guide to Online Video
Advertising", which features an in-depth look at the growing trends and the best
opportunities for marketers. In general, people are watching more video than ever on their
smartphones and tablets to consume content.Increasingly, consumers are turning their
attention away from TV screens and towards digital brand messaging in the form of videos.
Online video ads have proven to be more engaging than traditional TV buys, as viewers
report heightened emotional response and a greater likelihood of taking action.In fact, young
viewers show greater emotional engagement towards brand messages than non-branded
content. This means that with brand messages, online video ads may produce a better
emotional effect on the audience. So it is crucial for advertisers to develop a strategy for
effectively and efficiently reaching audiences across multiple devices.
Now, listen again.
Questions:
第40页 | 共42页14. Which of the following is a reason why digital advertisingis growing into a big industry?
15. Which of the following will young viewers find mostemotionally engaging?
16. What is the talk mainly about?
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the followingconversation.
M:Jane, it's already eight o'clock. Why are you still in the office?
W:Oh, nothing. I just don't want to go back to my apartment yet.
M:Uh-oh, what's wrong?
W:Well, it's because of the girl I share my apartment with.
M:You mean Mary, your friend since college?
W:Yes, it's just some small things that make me feel bad. She forgets to close the fridge door
after taking a cold drink. And she never cares to take the garbage out or fetch the mails.
M:Well, if I were you, I would talk to Mary about what's bothering me.
W:I can't do that. We've been friends for years.
M:Are you afraid you will offend her or something?W: Yeah, perhaps. I still want to be
friends with her.
M:Better to get things out in the open. It's likely that she is just unaware of it. If you don't
talk to her about
how you feel, you could end up going your separate ways.W:I'll think about it.
Questions:
17. According to the conversation, what is Jane's problem?
18.What can be learned about Mary?
19. Why does Jane choose not to talk to Mary about herthoughts?
第41页 | 共42页20. What does the man suggest Jane do?
That's the end of Listening Comprehension.
第42页 | 共42页
