外刊跟读|反PDF之战愈演愈烈 The war against PDFs is heating up

英语很好学

• introduce:（v）present or bring into use for the first time 推出；引入

  例句：The company plans to introduce a new line of smartphones next month. 这家公司计划下个月推出一款新系列的智能手机。

  同义词：launch, unveil；反义词：withdraw, remove

• portable:（adj）able to be easily carried or moved 便携式的；轻便的

  例句：This portable printer is very convenient for business trips. 这款便携式打印机对商务出行来说非常方便。

  派生词：portability（n）；同义词：movable, transportable

• twiddle one’s thumbs:（phr）sit around with nothing to do 无所事事地等待；闲坐

  例句：We had to twiddle our thumbs for an hour while the machine was being repaired. 机器维修时，我们闲等了一个小时。

• render:（v）process or convert (data) into a visible or usable form 加载；呈现；渲染

  例句：The computer took a few seconds to render the complex 3D image. 电脑花了几秒时间加载这张复杂的 3D 图像。

  其他释义：v 给予；提供（render a service）；同义词：generate, produce

• essential:（adj）absolutely necessary; extremely important 极其重要的；必不可少的（n）必需品（复数）

  例句：Fresh water is essential for all living things. 淡水对所有生物来说都必不可少。

  派生词：essence（n）；同义词：vital, crucial；反义词：unimportant, trivial

• triumph:（v）achieve a great victory or success 大获成功；战胜（n）胜利；成功

  例句：Our team triumphed over the rivals in the final match. 我们队在决赛中击败对手取得了胜利。

  派生词：triumphant（adj）；同义词：prevail, succeed

• float in the ether:（phr）exist in the digital or virtual world 流传于网络；存在于虚拟空间

  例句：Millions of unregulated videos float in the ether. 数以百万计的无监管视频流传于网络中。

• survive:（v）continue to live or exist, especially in difficult conditions 存续；幸存；活下来

  例句：The old tree survived the severe storm last winter. 这棵老树熬过了去年冬天的强风暴。

  派生词：survival（n），survivor（n）

• drawback:（n）a disadvantage or inconvenience 弊端；缺点；不利因素

  例句：The main drawback of this plan is its high cost. 这个计划的主要弊端是成本过高。

  同义词：shortcoming, defect；反义词：advantage, merit

• fiddly:（adj）requiring careful or delicate handling; awkward to do 繁琐的；需要精细操作的

  例句：Assembling this small model is quite fiddly. 组装这个小模型相当繁琐。

  同义词：cumbersome, tedious

• struggle with:（phr）have difficulty dealing with or doing something 难以处理；与…… 作斗争

  例句：Many students struggle with advanced mathematics. 很多学生学高等数学很吃力。

• relinquish:（v）voluntarily cease to keep or claim; give up 放弃；交出

  例句：He decided to relinquish his position as the company’s CEO. 他决定辞去公司首席执行官的职位。

  同义词：abandon, surrender；反义词：retain, hold

• vehicle:（n）a means by which something is expressed or achieved 载体；工具（本义：交通工具）

  例句：Language is a vehicle for communication. 语言是交流的载体。

• malware:（n）software that is intended to damage or disable computers and computer systems 恶意软件

  例句：This antivirus software can detect and remove all kinds of malware. 这款杀毒软件能检测并清除各类恶意软件。

  构词：mal（坏的）+ ware（软件）

• utilise:（v）make practical and effective use of 利用；使用

  例句：We should utilise solar energy to reduce carbon emissions. 我们应该利用太阳能来减少碳排放。

  同义词：use, employ；派生词：utilisation（n）

• attachment:（n）a file sent along with an email 附件（n）依恋；依附

  例句：Please find the report in the email attachment. 请在邮件附件中查看这份报告。

• emerge:（v）become visible or known; come out 出现；浮现；露出

  例句：A new problem has emerged after the project started. 项目启动后，一个新问题出现了。

  派生词：emergence（n），emergent（adj）；同义词：appear, arise

• underpin:（v）form the basis of; support 支撑；构成…… 的基础

  例句：Hard work underpins all his success in his career. 努力工作是他事业上所有成就的基础。

  派生词：underpinning（n）；同义词：support, sustain

• bamboozle:（v）confuse or deceive someone 使困惑；蒙蔽；糊弄

  例句：The complex instructions bamboozled most of the participants. 复杂的说明让大多数参与者都感到困惑。

  同义词：confuse, perplex；例句：Don’t let his words bamboozle you. 别被他的话糊弄了。

• parse:（v）analyze (a text or sentence) into its constituent parts and describe their syntactic roles 解析；分析（文本、数据等）

  例句：The computer program can parse large amounts of raw data quickly. 这个电脑程序能快速解析大量原始数据。

  派生词：parsing（n）

• occasionally:（adv）at infrequent or irregular intervals; now and then 偶尔；间或

  例句：We occasionally go to the cinema on weekends. 我们周末偶尔去看电影。

  同义词：sometimes, now and then；派生词：occasional（adj）

• hallucinate:（v）(of an AI) generate false or meaningless information （人工智能）产生幻觉；（人）产生幻觉

  例句：The faulty AI system began to hallucinate and produce incorrect data. 出故障的人工智能系统开始出现幻觉，生成错误的数据。

  派生词：hallucination（n）

• generate:（v）produce or create 生成；产生；创造

  例句：This power plant can generate enough electricity for the whole city. 这座发电站能为整座城市提供足够的电力。

  同义词：produce, create；派生词：generation（n）

• nonsense:（n）spoken or written words that have no meaning or make no sense 无意义的内容；废话；胡说

  例句：What he said is just a bunch of nonsense. 他说的全是一堆废话。

  形容词：nonsensical；反义词：sense, reason

• disrupter:（n）a person or thing that interrupts or disturbs a system or process; an innovator 变革者；颠覆者

  例句：These tech startups are the disrupters in the traditional retail industry. 这些科技初创企业是传统零售业的颠覆者。

  派生词：disrupt（v），disruption（n）

• startup:（n）a newly established business, especially a technology company 初创企业；新创公司

  例句：This startup has raised a lot of investment in the past year. 这家初创企业在过去一年筹集了大量投资。

• be on a mission to:（phr）have a specific and determined goal to do something 致力于；肩负…… 的使命

  例句：The organization is on a mission to protect endangered animals. 该组织致力于保护濒危动物。

• be suited to:（phr）be appropriate or right for a particular purpose or person 适配；适合

  例句：This job is well suited to her skills and experience. 这份工作非常适合她的技能和经验。

  同义词：be fit for, be appropriate for

• megalomaniac:（adj）obsessed with power or grand ambitions 狂妄的；有自大狂的（n）自大狂；偏执狂

  例句：His megalomaniac plans to dominate the market failed completely. 他想要主导市场的狂妄计划彻底失败了。

  派生词：megalomania（n）

• vision:（n）a mental image of what the future will or could be like; a goal or ambition 愿景；构想；视力

  例句：The CEO has a clear vision for the company’s future development. 首席执行官对公司未来的发展有清晰的愿景。

  同义词：ambition, dream；派生词：visionary（adj/n）

• displace:（v）take the place of; supplant 取代；替代；移置

  例句：Electric cars are gradually displacing traditional fuel cars in the market. 电动汽车正逐渐在市场上取代传统燃油汽车。

  同义词：replace, supplant；反义词：preserve, keep

• argue:（v）give reasons or evidence in support of an idea, action, or theory 主张；争辩；论证

  例句：She argued that the new policy would benefit all employees. 她主张这项新政策会让所有员工受益。

  同义词：contend, maintain

• lie in:（phr）exist or be found in 在于；存在于

  例句：The key to success lies in hard work and perseverance. 成功的关键在于努力和坚持。

• contend:（v）argue or assert something with conviction 主张；声称；竞争

  例句：Scientists contend that climate change is a global problem. 科学家们主张气候变化是一个全球性问题。

  同义词：argue, assert

• embed:（v）fix (an object) firmly and deeply in a surrounding mass; integrate (a system or piece of software) into another 嵌入；植入

  例句：The camera is embedded in the front of the smartphone. 摄像头被嵌入在智能手机的正面。

  派生词：embedded（adj）；同义词：implant, insert

• precisely:（adv）exactly; accurately 恰好；精确地；准确地

  例句：That is precisely what I want to say. 那正是我想说的。

  派生词：precise（adj）；同义词：exactly, accurately

• guru:（n）an expert in a particular field 专家；权威；导师

  例句：He is a well-known guru in the field of artificial intelligence. 他是人工智能领域的知名专家。

  同义词：expert, authority

• roll out:（phr）launch or introduce a new product, service, or plan 推出；推行；发布

  例句：The company will roll out a new payment system next month. 这家公司下个月将推出一套新的支付系统。

• ingest:（v）take in or absorb (data, information, etc.) 接收；解析；摄入（食物、信息等）

  例句：The system can ingest and process millions of data points every second. 这个系统每秒能接收并处理数百万个数据点。

  同义词：absorb, process

• reign:（n）the period during which a person or thing is dominant or powerful 统治期；主导地位（v）统治；称王

  例句：Her reign as the champion of the competition lasted for three years. 她在这项比赛中的冠军统治期持续了三年。

  同义词：dominance, supremacy

语句 1

原句：When Adobe introduced the portable document format (PDF) in 1993, a consultant from Gartner called it “the dumbest idea I’ve ever heard in my life”.

翻译：1993 年奥多比公司推出可移植文档格式（PDF）时，高德纳咨询公司的一位顾问称其为 “我这辈子听过最愚蠢的想法”。

解析：本句为时间状语从句 + 主句结构，是考研 / 托福阅读中高频的句式结构。when引导的时间状语从句交代背景，主句包含直接引语，考查对状语从句和直接引语的理解；核心词汇introduce为考研 / 六级核心词，portable为雅思高频形容词，需掌握其含义和用法。

语句 2

原句：Trouble parsing PDFs is one of the reasons AI chatbots occasionally “hallucinate”, generating nonsense.

翻译：无法顺利解析PDF文件，是人工智能聊天机器人偶尔出现 “幻觉”、生成无意义内容的原因之一。

解析：本句为主系表结构，Trouble parsing PDFs是动名词短语作主语（考研语法高频考点），AI chatbots occasionally “hallucinate”为定语从句，省略了关系词why，generating nonsense是现在分词短语作伴随状语。核心词汇parse、hallucinate为新兴科技类高频词，需结合语境掌握含义。

语句 3

原句：Startups such as Factify are on a mission to build a new file type that is better suited to the technology.

翻译：法克蒂菲等初创企业正致力于打造一种更适配该技术的新型文件格式。

解析：本句包含that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a new file type，是雅思 / 考研阅读的基础句式；固定搭配be on a mission to、be suited to为考试高频短语，需熟记；startup为科技类话题高频词，是雅思写作和考研阅读的常考词汇。

语句 4

原句：Yet Duff Johnson, head of the PDF Association, protector of the format, argues that the fault lies not in the file type but in ourselves.

翻译：但作为PDF协会负责人、这一格式的捍卫者，达夫・约翰逊认为，问题并非出在文件格式本身，而是在人类身上。

解析：本句为主从复合句，head of the PDF Association, protector of the format是同位语，解释说明主语Duff Johnson（考研语法同位语考点）；that引导宾语从句，从句中包含并列结构not…but…（雅思 / 托福写作高频衔接结构）；核心短语lie in为考研 / 六级高频短语，需掌握。

语句 5

原句：Google, a leader in AI, has rolled out a tool for developers using its Gemini models that makes it easier to ingest PDFs.

翻译：人工智能领域的领军企业谷歌，也为使用其双子星模型的开发者推出了一款工具，能更便捷地解析PDF文件。

解析：本句包含多重修饰成分，a leader in AI是同位语，using its Gemini models是现在分词短语作后置定语修饰developers，that makes it easier to ingest PDFs是定语从句修饰a tool，是考研 / 托福阅读中典型的长难句（多重定语修饰）；固定搭配roll out、make it easier to do为考试高频表达，ingest为科技类雅思高频词。