ARTICLE · 1025721
【每日语法系列】《每天一个初中英语语法》-till与until深度辨析
初中英语重难点 | till 与 until:一对兄弟,三种句型

你家孩子是不是一看到 till / until 就只会翻译"直到"?可一上考场就现形:not...until 到底是什么意思?主句到底用延续性动词还是瞬间动词?Not until 放句首为什么后面跟的是疑问语序?
这篇只解决一个问题:把 till / until,从"只知道意思"升级成"看清动词类型和句型结构"。
01 先弄清出处:这讲的是几年级的知识点?
till / until 是人教版九年级全一册 Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected 的核心语法(时间状语从句),旧版对应九年级 Units 9-10;not...until 结构是中考单选、完形、翻译的重中之重,几乎年年出现。
适用学段:八年级(初识)、九年级中考冲刺(重点掌握)均适用。
02 先比较:till 与 until 一张表
一句话:till 和 until 意思完全一样(直到……为止),差别只在"位置":until 可以放句首,till 一般只放句中。
· till = until:介词 / 连词,"直到……为止"——I waited till / until 8 o'clock.(我等到八点。)
· 肯定句 + 延续性动词:I waited until the rain stopped.(我一直等到雨停。)
· 否定句 not...until:I didn't leave until midnight.(我直到午夜才离开。——直到……才)
判断口诀:肯定句用延续动词"到……为止",否定句用瞬间动词"直到……才"。
03 深度拆解:七个知识点全掌握
知识点一|till / until 作介词:+ 时间点(肯定句,延续性动词)
I waited till 8 o'clock.(我等到八点。——wait 是延续性动词)
She stayed at home until Friday.(她在家待到周五。)
The shop is open till 9 p.m.(这家店营业到晚上九点。——be open 延续状态)
We worked until dark.(我们一直工作到天黑。)
He slept until noon.(他一直睡到中午。)
The meeting lasted till 5 p.m.(会议一直持续到下午五点。)
规律:肯定句 + till / until + 时间点,主句动词必须是延续性动词(wait / stay / work / sleep / last 等),表示动作持续到某个时间为止。
知识点二|until 作连词:+ 从句(肯定句,延续性动词,主将从现)
I waited until the rain stopped.(我一直等到雨停。)
She didn't leave the room until she finished the work.(她做完工作才离开房间。——否定句)
I will stay here until you come back.(我会待在这里直到你回来。——主将从现)
He will keep studying till he understands it completely.(他会继续学习直到完全理解。——主将从现)
We watched TV until our mother came home.(我们看电视直到妈妈回家。)
They played football until it got dark.(他们踢足球直到天黑。)
规律:until 接从句时,主句用延续性动词 + 肯定形式;主句将来时,从句用一般现在时(主将从现)——I will wait until he arrives.
知识点三|not...until...:直到……才(否定句,瞬间动词)——核心难点
I didn't go to bed until my father came back.(我直到爸爸回来才上床睡觉。——go to bed 瞬间动词)
He didn't leave until midnight.(他直到午夜才离开。)
She won't start the meeting until everyone arrives.(她将直到所有人都到了才开始会议。)
We didn't know the truth until yesterday.(我们直到昨天才知道真相。)
Don't get off the bus until it stops.(车停稳之前不要下车。——直到车停才下车)
The baby didn't stop crying until her mother held her.(宝宝直到妈妈抱起她才停止哭泣。)
规律:not...until... 表"直到……才",主句用否定形式 + 瞬间动词(leave / start / begin / get off / know 等),表示"某动作直到某时才开始";翻译时"not...until" 译成"直到……才",不是"没……直到"。
知识点四|till vs until 的差别:位置决定用法
Until you told me, I had no idea about it.(直到你告诉我,我才知道。——until 可放句首)
Till you told me, I had no idea about it.(×)——till 一般不放句首
Not until 1985 did he come back.(直到 1985 年他才回来。——not until 句首倒装)
Until now I have always lived alone.(直到现在我仍一直独自生活。——until + now)
He waited till midnight.(他等到午夜。——till 句中常用)
Stay here until I call you.(待在这里直到我叫你。——句首也可用 Until)
规律:till 和 until 意思相同,但句首只能用 until,不能用 till;not...until 结构中也只能用 until(not...till 不用于句首正式语体);口语中 till 更随意,正式写作多用 until。
知识点五|Not until 句首倒装 + It was not until... that...(偏难)
Not until midnight did he leave.(直到午夜他才离开。——not until + 时间点放句首,主句倒装)
Not until she came back did I go to bed.(直到她回来我才睡觉。——not until + 从句放句首,主句倒装)
Not until 1985 did he come back.(直到 1985 年他才回来。)
It was not until midnight that he left.(正是直到午夜他才离开。——强调句型)
It was not until she came back that I went to bed.(直到她回来我才去睡觉。)
It was not until the rain stopped that we started.(直到雨停我们才出发。)
规律:not until 放句首时,主句要用部分倒装(助动词 / did / can 提前);还可用 It was not until... that... 强调句型,两种高级结构都是中考压轴题的常客。
知识点六|until 与 before / by / after 的区别(偏难)
You can't leave until you finish your homework.(直到做完作业你才能离开。——not...until 表"才")
Please finish your homework before you leave.(离开前请完成作业。——before 表"在……之前")
I will be back by 5 o'clock.(我会在五点前回来。——by 表"不迟于,到……为止")
He came back after 8 o'clock.(他八点以后回来的。——after 表"在……之后")
We waited until the bus came.(我们一直等到公交车来。——until 强调"持续到")
By the time we arrived, the film had begun.(我们到达时电影已经开始了。——by the time 接完成时)
规律:until 强调"动作持续到某时",before 强调"在……之前",by 强调"不迟于某时"(常接完成时),after 强调"在……之后"——四者方向不同,选词看动作与时间的关系。
知识点七|易错点:四个"要命"的坑
I will wait until he will come.(×)→ I will wait until he comes.(√)——until 从句用一般现在时表将来(主将从现)。
He went to bed until 11 o'clock.(×)→ He didn't go to bed until 11 o'clock.(√)——瞬间动词 go to bed 不能用于肯定句 + until,必须用 not...until。
Until you told me, I had no idea.(√)vs Till you told me...(×)——句首只能用 until。
Not until he came back did she leave.(√ 倒装)——not until 句首,主句用 did 提前。
He didn't leave the office until he finished the report.(他直到写完报告才离开办公室。——瞬间动词 + not...until)
You can stay here until 9 o'clock.(你可以在这里待到九点。——stay 延续动词 + 肯定句)
规律:四个坑分别是——主将从现、瞬间动词不能配肯定句、句首只能用 until、not until 句首要倒装;做题时先看"动词是延续还是瞬间",再看"是否否定句"。
04 配套练习:10 题精练
一、单项选择(1—8 题)
1. I waited ___ the rain stopped. A. until B. before C. after D. since
2. He didn't leave ___ midnight. A. until B. before C. after D. since
3. ___ you told me, I had no idea about it. A. Till B. Until C. While D. Because
4. Not until she came back ___ to bed. A. did I go B. I went C. I go D. went I
5. I will stay here ___ you come back. A. until B. when C. while D. after
6. She won't start the meeting ___ everyone arrives. A. until B. before C. after D. when
7. ___ was not until the rain stopped that we started. A. It B. That C. This D. He
8. We watched TV ___ our mother came home. A. until B. before C. after D. since
二、根据汉语提示填空(9—10 题)
9. He didn't go to bed ___ (直到) his father came back.
10. The shop is open ___ (直到) 9 p.m.
05 参考答案与解析
1. A。我一直等到雨停,延续动词 wait + until。
2. A。直到午夜才离开,not...until 结构,用 until。
3. B。句首只能用 until,不能用 till。
4. A。Not until 句首,主句部分倒装,did I go。
5. A。我会待到你来,主将从现,用 until。
6. A。直到所有人到才开始,not...until。
7. A。It was not until... that... 强调句型。
8. A。看电视直到妈妈回家,延续动词 + until。
9. until。直到爸爸回来才睡觉,not...until。
10. until / till。营业到九点,延续状态 + until / till。
06 加分考点:三个延伸用法
· 句型转换三连:He didn't leave until midnight. = Not until midnight did he leave. = It was not until midnight that he left.(否定句 → 倒装句 → 强调句)
· 延续 vs 瞬间判断法:能一直持续的动作(wait / stay / sleep / work)是延续性动词,可用于肯定句 + until;一瞬间完成(leave / start / begin / get off)是瞬间动词,只能用于 not...until。
· until 与 by the time 的时态呼应:until 强调"持续到",by the time 强调"到……之前已完成",常接过去完成时——By the time he came, I had finished.
写在最后
till / until 不是"只知道意思",而是"看清动词类型":肯定句 + 延续性动词 = 到……为止;not...until + 瞬间动词 = 直到……才;句首用 until 不用 till;Not until 句首要倒装。
你最容易栽在哪个 till / until 的坑上?欢迎把错题发到评论区,下期我们继续拆。