Reading

Reading Section

In the Reading section, you will answer 35-48 questions to demonstrate how well you understand academic and non-academic texts in English, There are three types of tasks.

Module 1

The clock will show you how much time you have to complete Module 1.

You can use Next and Back to move to the next question or return to previous questions within the same module.

You WILL NOT be able to return to Module 1 once you have begun Module 2.

Module 1

Fill in the missing letters in the paragraph

Questions 1-10 of 35

Public health initiatives aim to promote well‑being and prevent disease across populations. These strat__  __ __ __ __ often fo__ __ __ on bo__ __ short‑term resp__ __ __ __ __  to emerg__ __ __ __ __ __ and long‑__ __ __ __  investments i__ infrastructure. Eff__ __ __ __ include vacci__ __ __ __ __ __ programs, educ__ __ __ __ __ campaigns, and the development of policies that ensure access to clean water and nutritious food. Collaboration between governments, nonprofit organizations, and communities is essential for effective public health interventions. Understanding the social determinants of health, such as economic stability and education, helps tailor initiatives to address the specific needs of different populations.

Fill in the missing letters in the paragraph

Questions 11-20 of 35

Craftsmanship has undergone a profound transformation over the centuries, shifting from a demonstration of manual skill to an expression of artistic vision and communal identity. In medieval Europe, skilled makers—known as artisans—were highly valued not only for their tech__ __ __ __ __ expertise b__ __ also f__ __ their abi__ __ __ __ to inf__ __ __ their crea__ __ __ __ __ with mea__ __ __ __ and repr__ __ __ __ __ deeper spir__ __ __ __ __ or cult__ __ __ __ themes. The intricate details in woodwork, textiles, and pottery served as a testament to the craftsman's mastery and the motifs prevalent during that era.

21-22

Read a form.

Library Study Room Request Form

• Name:Jennifer Liu

• Student I.D.:94622273181

• Requested Date:Thursday, April 12

• Time:2:00 P.M.–4:00 P.M.

• Purpose:Group Project (4 people attending)

• Room Preference:Small room near a window

• Equipment requirements:Power outlets

Note: Please confirm your booking via email within 48 hours.

21

What can be concluded from the form about Jennifer Liu's project?

It involves collaboration with other students.

It is required in order for her to graduate.

It is related to non-academic work.

It includes a video presentation.

22

What is required for Jennifer Liu's request to be completed?

She must provide the names of all those attending.

She must finalize the reservation by sending a message.

She must describe the project she intends to complete.

She must agree to provide any equipment required by her group.

23-24

Read a notice.

Annual dormitory room maintenance will occur from

April 5 to April 7.

During work hours (8 A.M.-3:30 P.M.), access to your room may be limited. Please ensure all personal belongings are secured.

For further details, contact the Housing Office at

housing@universityintl.edu or visit our website.

23

What is the main purpose of the notice?

To ask students to comment on a proposal

To announce changes in dormitory policies

To tell residents about some inconveniences

To introduce several new housing options

24

What can be inferred about the maintenance work?

It will improve room security.

It is an unexpected occurrence.

It will be performed over a weekend.

It takes place on a regular basis.

25-27

Read an email.

To:

housing@prairieu.edu

From:

mlee20@prairieu.edu

Sent:

October 25, 2025, 8:12 P.M.

Subject:

Mediation options

Dear Housing Office,

I'm writing about ongoing tension with my roommate in Matthis Hall, Room 318. We disagree on quiet hours and guests, and lately our conversations have started feeling heated. We tried setting a schedule, but it hasn't stuck. I don't want this to escalate, and I'd prefer a solution that keeps us both in the room.

Could you explain the mediation process? Do you offer conflict resolution sessions with a resident advisor or professional staff, and are meeting notes kept confidential? If we need a temporary room change during exams, how does that work?

I'm available most weekdays after 4 P.M. I appreciate the work your team does to support a healthy living environment, and I want to resolve this respectfully.

Thank you,

Marcus Lee

25

What is the nature of the problem Marcus reports?

A maintenance issue

A financial shortfall

A personal dispute

An academic difficulty

26

Which of the following solutions does Marcus prefer, according to the email?

A permanent move to another room

Talking things over with a third party

Monetary compensation

A temporary switch to off-campus housing

27

Which of the following best describes the overall tone of the email?

Angry

Apologetic

Uncompromising

Reasonable

28-30

Read a notice.

Stay Healthy During Cold And Flu Season

Cases of flu have been climbing this winter, and the Campus Health Services office is advising all students, faculty, and staff to take precautions.

Campus Health Services offers free flu vaccinations and recommends that everyone except those with vaccine allergies come to get the quick and effective shot.

In addition, measures like handwashing can make a big difference in reducing your exposure to the flu virus. And of course, if you feel sick, avoid close contact with others to keep from spreading your illness.

Flu symptoms include fever, aches, sore throat, and fatigue. While these symptoms are also typical of the common cold, the flu tends to come on quite rapidly and symptoms can be severe.

Students experiencing these symptoms should see one of the Health Services doctors as soon as possible. In some cases, antiviral medication may be prescribed.

28

The purpose of the notice is to

offer recommendations

describe a treatment

advertise a product

explain a process

29

What can be inferred from the notice?

The Campus Health Services office is open 24 hours a day to provide medical care.

There have been more cases of flu on campus during the current year than in the previous year.

Campus Health Services doctors do not prescribe antiviral medication to all flu patients.

The symptoms of the flu are quite different from those of other respiratory infections.

30

The notice mentions all of the following EXCEPT

symptoms that are common to both colds and flu

measures people can take to protect their health

where students can get a flu vaccination

how to make an appointment at Campus Health Services

31-35

The Second World War and American Women in the Workforce

The Second World War created an acute labor shortage in the United States as millions of men entered military service, forcing factories, shipyards, and aircraft plants to seek new workers. In response, women were recruited into industrial jobs such as welding aircraft frames, assembling munitions, and operating heavy machinery—work that had previously been performed almost entirely by men. By 1945, women made up roughly 37 percent of the civilian labor force, an increase of about six million workers since 1940. Government campaigns framed this shift as both patriotic and temporary.

Historians debate the significance of this wartime transformation. Some argue that women's employment marked a lasting break with traditional gender roles, as women demonstrated their ability to perform skilled industrial labor. While the war did not produce immediate equality, they argue it helped lay the groundwork for later movements advocating equal pay and broader access to skilled occupations in the decades that followed.

Others stress the short-lived nature of the change. When the war ended and men returned home, defense contracts were canceled and women were often dismissed. Female labor-force participation fell sharply in 1945 and 1946, approaching prewar levels as many women were encouraged—or required—to leave their jobs.

31

The word “acute” in the passage is closest in meaning to

unexpected

unwelcome

severe

growing

32

Why does the author mention “welding aircraft frames, assembling munitions, and operating heavy machinery”?

To acknowledge that certain kinds of work required specialized training

To draw attention to the sectors with the greatest labor shortages

To support the claim that 37 percent of the labor force worked in war industries

To indicate the kinds of work that women began to perform during the Second World War

33

What does the passage suggest about the government's attitude toward women performing industrial labor?

The government did not believe that women could perform industrial work as well as men.

The government expected women to work only during a brief period when men were unavailable.

The government was concerned that women were not fulfilling their patriotic duties.

The government began to send women back home in 1944 when the end of the war was in sight.

34

What is the nature of the debate among historians mentioned in the passage?

Some historians emphasize the lasting effects of women's wartime employment, while others see it as a short-lived phenomenon.

Some historians argue that the Second World War benefited women, while most historians point to the hardships experienced by women during the war.

Some historians criticize women for participating in war industries, while others praise them for their patriotism and bravery.

Some historians highlight the gains women achieved in the 1940s, while others stress the continuity of traditional gender roles during the war period.

35

The passage suggests that which of the following was a result of the end of the war?

Women were shifted into different industries after defense contracts ended.

Men replaced women in many industrial jobs.

Women gladly gave up their jobs to return to their families.

Employers lowered the pay of women.

Module 2

Fill in the missing letters in the paragraph

Questions 1-10 of 15

The human brain is an extraordinarily intricate organ, unrivaled in its complexity and function. Studying its anatomy reveals a remarkable internal architecture, composed of billions of neurons intricately interconnected by synapses. These neurons tran__ __ __ __  electrical impu__ __ __ __ , facilitating t__ __ brain's ro__ __ in enab__ __ __ __ cognition, proce__ __ __ __ __ information, regul__ __ __ __ __ essential bod__ __ __ functions, a__ __ facilitating emot__ __ __ __. The reflective nature of studying the brain encourages careful consideration of how its structure impacts behavior and thought.

Questions 11-15 of 15

Language in Primates

Language has traditionally been considered a uniquely human trait; however, this assumption has been increasingly challenged. Research involving chimpanzees and bonobos reveals rudimentary linguistic abilities: symbolic communication, basic grammar, and even sentence formation. Kanzi, a bonobo, famously used lexigrams (symbols that stand for specific concepts) to convey desires and even to learn to comprehend grammar, suggesting a grasp of syntactic rules.

Yet, such abilities in nonhuman primates emerge only through intensive training and do not naturally evolve in primate communities. This distinction underscores a critical contrast: while humans spontaneously develop intricate language systems, other primates' communication remains tethered to immediate needs and lacks the generative structure necessary for producing novel sentences and ideas.

Some theorists propose that individual cognitive capacities are what constrains language development; others argue that social complexity plays a pivotal role. Language, they contend, may have coevolved with the demands of maintaining social hierarchies and alliances. While all primates, including humans, are social creatures, the fact remains that no known communication system among nonhuman primates rivals human language. Comparative linguistic studies may blur the boundaries between species, but they ultimately reaffirm the singularity of human linguistic capacity.

11

The passage suggests that Kanzi's ability to communicate through language was limited in that it did not

succeed in expressing immediate needs

involve basic symbolic representation

arise naturally without training by humans

include an understanding of syntactic rules

12

According to the passage, nonhuman primates can do each of the following EXCEPT

convey meaning through symbols

teach each other basic grammar

respond to instruction by humans

live in groups with social structures

13

The phrase 'tethered to' in the passage is closest in meaning to

hindered by

useful for

secondary to

focused on

14

The author notes that "all primates, including humans, are social creatures" primarily to

suggest that nonhuman primates may eventually develop humanlike language

indicate a seeming commonality when it comes to prerequisites for developing language

argue that nonhuman primates are more intelligent than was previously believed

support the claim that no known animal communication system rivals human language

15

Yet, such abilities in nonhuman primates emerge only through intensive training and do not naturally evolve in primate communities. This distinction underscores a critical contrast: while humans spontaneously develop intricate language systems, other primates' communication remains tethered to immediate needs and lacks the generative structure necessary for producing novel sentences and ideas.

◼︎ Some theorists propose that individual cognitive capacities are what constrains language development; others argue that social complexity plays a pivotal role. ◼︎ Language, they contend, may have coevolved with the demands of maintaining social hierarchies and alliances. ◼︎ While all primates, including humans, are social creatures, the fact remains that no known communication system among nonhuman primates rivals human language. ◼︎ Comparative linguistic studies may blur the boundaries between species, but they ultimately reaffirm the singularity of human linguistic capacity.

There are four locations [◼︎] in the passage that indicate where the following sentence could be added.'"

Yet social organization alone does not seem sufficient to explain the emergence of a fully generative language ability.

Where would the sentence best fit? Select a location [◼︎] to add the sentence to the passage."

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