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【高中英语这样学】【回归课本】外研社|选修四|Unit 6: Space and beyond|语法&口语与写作

发布时间：2026-11-02 14:10:33 最近访问：2026-11-02 14:10:33

学习重点

Ø词汇学习【高中英语这样学】【回归课本】外研社｜选修四｜Unit 6: Space and beyond｜词汇学习

Ø语法：Review: modals

Ø口语&写作：Write a journal entry about living in space

语法： modals情态动词

核心情态动词用法梳理

1.can / could

① 能力：能够；② 客观可能性：可能；③ 过去的能力could；could还可表委婉。

2.will / would

will：将来、意愿；

would：过去将来；过去常常；主观预料推测。

3.must

① 必须（义务必要性）；② 肯定推测“一定”；否定推测用can’t，不用mustn’t。

mustn’t = 禁止；can’t = 不可能

4.may / might 也许，可能（可能性弱）

5.should 应该；按常理推测“理应”

6.shall 用于一、三人称疑问句征求意见；书面宣告“将要”

阅读练习

On 15 October 1997, the Cassini spacecraft set out on a mission to explore the planet Saturn. So great was the distance from Earth that it would need to travel for almost six years to reach its destination. When it reached Saturn, it sent back amazing images of the planet’s famous rings viewed in ultraviolet light. Cassini made numerous trips around Saturn so it could collect data. Over the following years, Cassini took some 450,000 images of the planet and its moons. Finally, on 15 September 2017, Cassini was pointed towards Saturn so that it would meet a fiery end. Scientists had decided that Cassini must be destroyed this way, so it would not collide with any of Saturn’s moons. In its nearly 20‑year mission, Cassini provided so much information that scientists could not process it all. No wonder so many people took to social media to bid it goodbye, saying, “Farewell, dear Cassini! We shall never forget you!”

文中情态动词讲解

原文句子摘出情态动词：

1.…it would need to travel for almost six years to reach its destination.

2.…so that it would meet a fiery end.

3.…so it would not collide with any of Saturn’s moons.

4.…Cassini must be destroyed this way…

5.We shall never forget you!

逐个解析

would

核心：will的过去式；表示过去将来、过去推测/过去计划将会发生的事

背景：整篇是回顾过去的卡西尼任务，站在过去时间点看之后将要发生的动作，用 would（过去将来时）。

1.it would need to travel

站在1997年发射的时间，预测“它将要需要飞行近六年”。

would + 动词原形：过去视角，描述当时预计将来会发生的事。

2.so that it would meet a fiery end

以便它将会迎来烈火终结。

would用于目的状语从句，表达过去计划中预期会发生的结果。

3.so it would not collide…

这样它就不会和土星卫星相撞。

would not = wouldn’t，过去将来否定：（按照计划）将不会发生某事。

小结本篇would用法：全部属于过去将来，站在过去，谈论当时预料、计划未来要发生的情况。

must

Cassini must be destroyed this way

卡西尼号必须以这种方式被销毁。

must：表示客观必要性、强制要求，“必须”。

这里是被动语态 must be done（must + be +过去分词）

翻译：必须被销毁。

逻辑：科学家做出的硬性决定，出于安全，这件事不得不做。

shall

We shall never forget you!

我们将永远不会忘记你！

shall 多用于第一人称 I / We。

- 老式书面/抒情语境：shall = will，表“将要”，带有感情色彩（致敬、誓言）

- 现代口语更多用will；本篇是社交媒体致敬文案，用shall增加庄重、深情的语气。

语法总结（高考考点）

1.would

① will过去式，过去将来时：站在过去说以后会发生；

② 也可以表示过去习惯性动作；本文只用“过去将来”。

2.must

表“必须”，强调义务、客观必要；被动：must be done 必须被……

⚠️ mustn’t 禁止；表“不必”用 needn’t / don’t have to。

3.shall

主要主语 I / we；书面、抒情，表将要、许诺、宣告。

重点短语

set out on a mission 开启任务

destination n.目的地

ultraviolet light 紫外线

numerous adj.大量的

fiery end 烈火毁灭的结局

collide with 与……相撞

bid…goodbye 向……告别

用情态动词编故事

范文：火星探险

I couldn’t believe it when I looked into the Martian sky. A robot rover could move across the red planet freely. Humans might build bases here one day. We must keep exploring space to know more about Mars.

口语句型：

Expressing opinions（表达观点）

- I think there definitely is. 我认为肯定存在。

- Since…, it isn’t reasonable to… 既然……，做……是不合理的。

- There’s evidence that… 有证据表明……

- It would be wonderful if… 如果……那就太好了。

- The fact that… means… ……的事实意味着……

Expressing hopes（表达希望）

‑ Let’s hope that… 让我们希望……

专项练习

单句填空（情态动词）

1.When the first lunar landing happened, people were worried that something ____ go wrong. (could)

2.It was a long‑distance mission, so the spacecraft ____ spend years in space. (would)

3.We ____ continue space exploration, for it helps us understand the universe. (must)

4.Without modern equipment, scientists ____ not process so much space data. (could)

5.There ____ be other civilisations in the universe, but we have no proof. (may/might)

答案：1.could 2.would 3.must 4.could 5.may/might

翻译练习（情态动词）

1.当年很多人担心太空飞行可能会出问题。

Many people worried that something could go wrong during the space flight.

2.我们必须坚持探索，去追逐星辰。

We must keep exploring to reach for the stars.

3.卡西尼号将要飞行六年才能够抵达土星。

Cassini would travel for six years before it could reach Saturn.

写作

Topic：Space exploration 太空探索

提示：恰当使用 can/could/may/might/must/would

范文片段

Space exploration is challenging but meaningful. We could meet unexpected difficulties, yet we must never give up. There might be unknown civilisations in deep space. Though we cannot travel far right now, we shall keep looking into the universe.

口语&写作：Writing：写一篇太空生活日记（journal entry）

重点单词短语

journal entry 日记；日志记录

straightforward adj.简单直接的

zero gravity 零重力

sleeping compartments 睡眠隔间

protect…from injury 保护……免受伤害

self‑discipline n.自律

vacuum cleaner 吸尘器

come in handy 派上用场

out‑of‑reach adj.够不到的

rinse off 冲洗掉

on a regular basis 定期

varied and balanced 丰富均衡

✍写作任务：太空日记（想象你在航天器度过24小时）

写作提纲

1.What you did on the spacecraft：你做了什么

2.How you felt：你的感受

3.What you enjoyed most / least：最喜欢、最不喜欢的事

范文（高考水平，日记格式）

October 12th Spacecraft

It has been 24 hours since I boarded the spacecraft. Living in zero‑gravity is far more challenging than I expected.

This morning, I had to strap myself to my sleeping compartment before sleep, or I would float around in the cabin. Cleaning was also tricky. Small things kept floating out‑of‑reach, and I had to use the vacuum cleaner to get them back. I exercised for an hour to keep my bones and muscles strong. Food tasted fine, but salt and pepper could only be used in liquid form.

It felt strange having no “up” or “down”. What I enjoyed most was watching our blue planet from the window. However, I disliked the limited living space.

Though daily tasks are troublesome, I feel proud to experience life in space.

写作要点总结

常用句式

1.It is far more challenging than I expected. 比我想象更有挑战性

2.…kept floating out‑of‑reach ……一直飘到够不到的地方

3.What I enjoyed most was… 我最喜欢的是……

4.Though…, I feel proud to… 虽然……，但我为……感到自豪

📝配套巩固练习

单句填空

1.In zero‑gravity, astronauts must be strapped to sleeping compartments to protect themselves ____ injury.

2.The vacuum cleaner comes ____ handy for collecting floating objects.

3.To stay fit, astronauts exercise ____ a regular basis.