牛津高中英语必修二单元一语法讲练

牛津高中英语必修二单元一语法讲练

主谓一致

所谓主谓一致，就是主语和谓语保持一致。主语是复数，谓语就用复数；主语为单数，谓语就用单数。这一点说起来容易做起来难。在各类英语水平测试中，考得很多的是三单，就是我们常说的第三人称单数和谓语的正确搭配。在具体的语法中，有时还真的难辨别单数和复数。我们可以通过把语法点“句体”化，在句境中加以理解。当然，很多句子单复数明显，就没有必要讨论了。句境中要注意的主谓一致大致有以下几种情况：

1.两个词表示同一个事物或人，或被视为一个整体时，谓语用单数。如：

The writer and poet prefers to live in the countryside.

A singer and pianist has been invited to the concert.

Bread and butter was served at breakfast time.

以下短语一般视为整体，作主语时常用单数：

bacons and eggs 咸肉加鸡蛋 fork and knife 刀叉   

law and rule 法规 fish and chips 炸鱼加炸薯条

2.两个可数名词的单数形式用and并列，前面分别有each, every, many a, no 修饰，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

Almost each weekday night and each weekend of his is spent writing and typing.

Many a student and many a teacher has been invited to the party.

No boy and no girl is going to see the film.

3.or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…连接两个名词或代词作主语，采取就近的原则。如：

Either you or I am wrong.

Not only the teacher but also the students are interested in this book.

但有时就近中又有就远，如：

Either he or one of you is going to be sent there.

4.单个动名词、不定式和主语从句作主语，谓语用单数形式。如：

Reading is fun.

What we should do next remains unknown.

但注意：Reading and writing are fun.

5.主语后有介词加名词或代词，不影响介词前面的主语和谓语的关系。如：

Mr. Wang, as well as his students, is going to visit the Great Wall tomorrow.

The students, as well as their class teacher, are going to visit the Great Wall tomorrow.

Ships other than the ones listed below are not discounted at this time.

Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, is regarded as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.

这样的介词短语常有：with, but, together with, as well as, along with, like, besides, except, instead of, aside from, apart from, plus, including, in addition to, rather than, other than。

6.形式复数但意义单数的名词作主语，谓语用单数形式。形式复数但单复数同型的要视具体情况而定。如：

The news is interesting.

Economics is an important subject.

This means doesn’t work.

All possible means have been tried to protect the wildlife here.

Some iron works are near the river.

It is important to remember that success is a sum of small efforts made each day and often takes years to achieve.

常见的学科名词physics, maths, politics等作主语用单数；像means(途径、方法), works(工厂)单复数相同，要看具体情况。

7.表示两个部分组成的工具、服饰等作主语，谓语用复数。如：

Her jeans are in fashion and her hair is colored.

常见的这类词有：clothes, jeans, glasses, scissors, shoes, gloves, socks, trousers, goods。

8.表示距离、时间、长度、金额和重量的复数名词作主语，常视为整体，谓语动词用单数。带有复数形式的书名和地名，谓语动词用单数。如：

Three hours is not too long.

Two kilos is enough.

Reading Skills is a good book.

The United States is the only superpower in the world. 

9.“one/every one/each one/each/anyone/everyone + of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数。如：

Each of the students in my class has passed the exam.=Each student in my class has passed the exam.

One of us has to recite the text.

10. here 和there放在句首的倒装句，其后的主语是两个以上的名词或代词，谓语遵守就近的原则。如：

There is a book and three pens on the desk.

Here are your books and dictionary.

11. a number of和 the number of后接复数名词时，a number of后接复数名词的后面谓语用复数形式；the number of后接复数名词的后面谓语用单数形式。如：

The number of children in the families in China is becoming smaller.

A number of students are playing in the playground.

12.more than后面为单数时，谓语用单数；后面为复数时，谓语用复数。many a后跟单数名词，谓语用单数，但表示复数。如：

More than one student likes to study with her.

More than two students have passed the final-term exam.

Many a boy likes playing basketball. （许多男生都喜欢打篮球。）

13.all加不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数。

All the water in the river is polluted.

I think all liquor does harm to health.

14.all后接定语从句作主语和what引导的主语从句的谓语取决于后面的名词或代词的形式。

All we need is knowledge.

All she can do is spending all her time taking care of the kids.

What he borrowed were some old books.

All we need is a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.

15.像class等集体名词作主语，作为整体谓语用单数形式；如果作为每位成员考虑，谓语用复数。如：

The class has won the honor.

The class were jumping with joy.

这样的名词常有：family, police, class, audience, couple, enemy, group, public, team, people。

16.百分数、分数和相当于百分数和分数的代词all, some, rest, most等加of再加名词或代词的结构做主语，谓语动词与of后的名词或代词保持一致。如：

Three quarters of the surface of the earth is covered with water.

30% of the students were present at the meeting.

Most students are playing in the playground, and the rest are reading in the classroom.

The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials，the rest of which were saved for other purposes.

17.one of后加复数名词，再跟上定语从句。one的前面有the, the only, the very修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。one的前面没有修饰词时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：

This is one of the houses that were damaged in the fire.

Mary is the only one of the students who wears glasses in the class.

18.the + 形容词表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数。

The disabled have won a lot of honors and awards for our country.

The old are taken good care of here.

19.在定语从句和强调句等特殊句式中，不能因为句式有复杂变化而忽视主谓语的正确形式。如：

It is I who am your friend.

The publication of GreatExpectations, which was both widely reviewed and highly praised，strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.

Several melon stalls were below the window and above them was the telecom tower with a big clock on top of it.

20.主语由“kind(s)/sort(s)/type(s) /quantity(quantities) of +名词”构成，谓语的形式与kind, sort, type或quantity的形式保持“数”的一致。如：

These types of bike are sold in the countryside.

This kind of grass is often seen on either side of the river.

英语中还有少部分名词既有可数形式，又有表示总称的不可数形式。如：machine(机器，可数)，machinery(机器，不可数)；jewel(珠宝，可数), jewelry(珠宝，不可数)。而像information, fun, advice, weather, furniture等是纯粹的不可数名词。在主谓一致的练习里面也应该注意它们的正确运用。

语法填空练习根据文章中的句境及所给单词，完成每空的单词填空，每空一词。

In the past, many American families had two or more children. But now the number of children in American families (1)____(be) becoming smaller. One important change is (2)____ most mothers now work outside the home. All the housework (3)____(be) shared by both the husband and wife. And so is the childcare. (4)____ happens when both parents work? Here is (5)____ example.

Joe and Eve have three (6)_____(child): Dick, 12; Hob, 9; and Lily, 6. Joe is a computer scientist and he sometimes writes books. Of course, a scientist (7)____ writer earns enough money to support a family of five. (8)_____, Eve is working again as a hospital worker this year, for she (9)_____(think) the family will need more money and she likes the job. Everything is going well, but there (10)____also some problems.

Now that Eve is working, Joe has to help her more (11)____ the housework though he doesn’t enjoy it. Recently he has got a book to write, and almost each weekday night and each weekend (12)____(be) spent writing and typing. Eve loves her work, but she feels tired and too busy. She also worries about the children. She has to work on Saturdays. So Joe, as well as Eve, hardly (13)____(have) free time.

Lily is in a kindergarten. Either Joe (14)____ Eve has to pick her up every day. Lily is having a great time in her afterschool program. (15)____ they come to pick her up, she (16)____ want to leave.

But Bob’s school doesn’t have an afterschool program. (17)_____ he can do is spending most afternoon by himself in front of the TV. 

Dick is enjoying his new life after school. More than one classmate (18)____( like) staying with him. He likes playing his music louder. His clothes (19)____(be) in fashion and his hair is colored. He also (20)_____(do) a little housework.

1.is 2.that 3.is 4.What 5.an 6.children 7.and 8.However 9.thinks 10.are 11.with 12.is 13.has 14.or 15.When 16.doesn’t 17.All/What 18.likes 19.are 20.does