夜雨聆风
New York, As Corporate America scrambles to fill artificial intelligence jobs, people looking to get their foot in the door of the industry are getting left behind.
当美国企业界疯狂争抢人工智能人才时，那些渴望踏入这一行业的人却正在被拒之门外。
New research, shared first with CNN, finds that employment opportunities in the hottest part of the economy are often reserved for those with deep experience, not beginners.
一项最新研究（CNN独家首发）发现，经济最热门领域的就业机会往往只留给经验丰富者，而非初入行者。
The vast majority – 71% – of AI-related job postings by S&P 500 companies on LinkedIn, like those for data analysts or machine learning engineers, are for senior-level positions, according to the AI-Driven Enterprise (AIDE) Institute, a research organization tracking how companies are deploying the technology.
根据AIDE研究所（AI-Driven Enterprise Institute，一家追踪企业AI技术部署的研究机构）的数据，在LinkedIn上，标准普尔500指数公司发布的AI相关职位招聘中，绝大多数（71%）都是高级职位，如数据分析师或机器学习工程师。
Just 13% of these AI-related postings are for junior positions, while 16% are considered middle-tier, researchers found after combing through more than 161,000 job postings made in January by major corporations.
仅有13%的AI相关职位面向初级岗位，16%属于中层级别。研究人员在梳理了主要企业1月份发布的超过16.1万个职位后得出了这一结论。
The findings underscore the challenge facing younger Americans hunting for jobs in the booming AI field. Big businesses are in bidding wars to land the same experienced pool of talent, raising questions about how they can attract the next generation of talent.
这些发现凸显了年轻美国人在蓬勃发展的AI领域求职面临的挑战。大企业正在竞相争夺同一批经验丰富的人才池，这引发了它们如何吸引下一代人才的疑问。
Young jobseekers are already struggling in this job market, as they face concerns about AI replacing human workers. In the past year, companies have slashed headcounts and integrated AI more deeply into their operations.
年轻求职者在这个就业市场中已经举步维艰，他们还要面对AI取代人类工作的担忧。过去一年，企业纷纷裁员，并将AI更深入地整合到运营中。
“The anxiety has been about AI replacing humans. What the data actually shows is a narrowing labor market where the AI opportunity is real, but reserved for those already at the top,” Paul Cheek, CEO of the AIDE Institute and a senior lecturer at MIT, said in the report. “The classic on-ramp into a high-growth field is narrow.”
"人们的焦虑在于AI会取代人类。但数据实际显示的是，劳动力市场正在收窄——AI机遇确实存在，但只留给那些已经站在顶端的人，"AIDE研究所首席执行官、麻省理工学院高级讲师保罗·奇克（Paul Cheek）在报告中表示，"进入高增长领域的经典'入口匝道'正在变窄。"
‘Built for experts’
Cheek explained that companies want senior-level talent to help guide them through the fast-moving AI boom.
奇克解释说，企业希望招揽资深人才来引领它们穿越快速变化的AI浪潮。
“Most of this is very new and changing rapidly. They want people looking at it who are rooted in experience,” he said.
"大部分内容都非常新颖且瞬息万变。他们希望有经验丰富的人来掌舵。"
AIDE Institute researchers combed through 161,645 job postings advertised on LinkedIn by S&P 500 companies, and classified them by AI relevance and seniority. Roles were considered AI-related if they contained one of 50 predefined roles, including data analyst, machine learning scientist, AI engineer, head of AI or VP of AI, or if the job description contained one of 125 AI-related terms.
AIDE研究所研究人员梳理了标普500公司在LinkedIn上发布的161,645个职位招聘，并按AI相关性和资历级别进行分类。如果一个职位包含50个预设角色之一（如数据分析师、机器学习科学家、AI工程师、AI负责人或AI副总裁），或职位描述中包含125个AI相关术语之一，则被视为AI相关职位。
They found 8,140 AI-related job postings, which were “overwhelmingly senior, leaving few openings for beginners.”
他们发现了8,140个AI相关职位招聘，"绝大多数是高级职位，留给新人的机会寥寥无几"。
“The AI hiring boom is real – but built for experts,” the AIDE report concluded.
"AI招聘热潮确实存在——但它是为专家而建的，"AIDE报告总结道。
However, there is a risk that Corporate America’s focus on experience is short-sighted. If young talent opts to find work elsewhere, such as at fast-growing AI startups trying to steal market share, that could pose longer-term threats to more established corporations.
然而，美国企业界对经验的偏重可能存在短视风险。如果年轻人才选择去其他地方工作，比如那些试图抢占市场份额的快速成长的AI初创公司——这可能对更成熟的企业构成长期威胁。
“CEOs need to prioritize AI talent at every level of the organization,” Cheek said. “They need to not just think about senior-level people, but the middle and junior roles they are grooming for the future.”
"CEO们需要优先考虑组织各个层级的AI人才，"奇克说，"他们不能只考虑高级人才，还要考虑他们正在培养未来的中层和初级岗位。"
‘Stagnant’ youth employment “停滞的”青年就业
The struggle to break into the AI industry reflects the misfortunes of younger workers across the economy.
难以进入AI行业的困境，反映了年轻劳动者在整个经济中的不幸遭遇。
The unemployment rate for recent college graduates stood at 5.6% as of March, well above the overall unemployment rate of 4.2% that month, according to the latest research from the New York Fed.
根据纽约联储的最新研究，截至3月，应届大学毕业生的失业率为5.6%，远高于当月4.2%的整体失业率。
The jobless rate for recent college graduates and the overall workforce has widened in recent years, compared with immediately before and after Covid-19, when they were closely linked.
近年来，应届大学毕业生与整体劳动力的失业率差距有所扩大，而在新冠疫情前后，两者曾紧密关联。
A recent study from Stanford University found that employment for younger workers has been “stagnant” since late 2022, when OpenAI’s release of ChatGPT set the stage for today’s AI gold rush.
斯坦福大学最近的一项研究发现，自2022年底OpenAI发布ChatGPT、开启当今AI淘金热以来，年轻劳动者的就业一直"停滞不前"。
In the occupations most exposed to AI, young workers suffered a 6% decline in employment between late 2022 and September 2025, compared with a 6% to 9% increase for older workers.
在最容易受AI影响的职业中，年轻劳动者的就业在2022年底至2025年9月期间下降了6%，而年长劳动者的就业则增长了6%至9%。
The Stanford researchers said the results suggest that shrinking employment in AI-exposed jobs is driving the broader struggles of younger workers to get hired.
斯坦福研究人员表示，这些结果表明，AI暴露型工作岗位的缩减正在推动年轻劳动者更广泛的求职困境。
Entry-level jobs are being ‘structurally removed’ 入门级工作正被系统性移除
All of this is fueling anxiety among workers about the rise of AI.
所有这一切都在加剧劳动者对AI崛起的焦虑。
“The junior level isn’t just shrinking – it’s being structurally removed,” said Hiro, which is the pen name used by a mid-level professional services worker who writes about the future of work on Medium, and who agreed to speak anonymously told CNN.
"初级岗位不仅在萎缩——它正在被结构性移除，"Hiro（一位中级专业服务从业者，以笔名在Medium上撰写关于未来工作的文章，并同意匿名接受CNN采访）表示。
Hiro said the problem is that the high-frequency, low-stakes work that used to go to junior people – first drafts, routine processing – is the same work that caters best to AI.
Hiro说，问题在于，过去分配给初级人员的高频、低风险工作，初稿撰写、常规处理，恰好最适合AI完成。
As junior tasks are increasingly given to AI, “what’s left is senior oversight of AI output. That means you now need experience to get in – but the traditional path to getting that experience no longer exists,” Hiro said.
随着初级任务越来越多地交给AI，"剩下的是对AI输出的高级监督。这意味着你现在需要经验才能进入——但获取经验的传统路径已不复存在，"Hiro说。
Getting experience outside of work might mean taking training courses aimed at upskilling. Hiro said he paid $4,000 for training – only to find the new skills had a shelf life of eight months before they were made obsolete by the next-generation of AI models.
在工作之外获取经验可能意味着参加旨在提升技能的培训课程。Hiro说，他花了4,000美元参加培训，结果发现新技能的有效期只有八个月，随后就被下一代AI模型淘汰。
“‘Keep upskilling’ stops becoming career advice and becomes a treadmill that bills you to stay on it,” he said.
"'不断提升技能不再是职业建议，而变成了一台跑步机，你得花钱才能留在上面，"他说。
The future of work 工作的未来
Nela Richardson, chief economist at payroll giant ADP, told CNN that AI isn’t just changing the number of jobs created and destroyed — it’s reshaping workers’ tasks and job responsibilities.
薪酬巨头ADP首席经济学家内拉·理查森（Nela Richardson）告诉CNN，AI不仅正在改变创造和消失的岗位数量，它还在重塑劳动者的工作任务和职责。
ADP is working with the Stanford Digital Economy Lab to unbundle job responsibilities and use payroll data to assign an economic value to specific job tasks.
ADP正在与斯坦福数字经济实验室合作，拆解工作职责，并利用薪酬数据为特定工作任务赋予经济价值。
Those findings, which are expected to be made public, could help employers transition employees into work that’s higher value and help jobseekers determine education and training paths, Richardson said.
这些预计即将公开的研究结果，可以帮助雇主将员工转型到更高价值的工作，并帮助求职者确定教育和培训路径，理查森表示。
The hope is that these efforts could help ease anxiety over how AI is impacting entry-level workers.
人们希望这些努力能够缓解AI如何影响入门级劳动者的焦虑。
“The task of the employer is not to throw away the career ladder for these young people just because it’s missing the first rung,” Richardson said. “The task at hand is to give young people a boost to that second rung of more complex tasks and responsibilities that are higher value and what the firms are hiring for… The entry point has just shifted upward.”
"雇主的任务不是因为这个职业阶梯缺了第一级，就把年轻人的职业阶梯扔掉，"理查森说，"眼前的任务是给年轻人一个助力，让他们够到第二级，那些更复杂的、更高价值的、企业正在招聘的任务和职责……入口只是向上移动了。"