夜雨聆风
很多同学英语丢分大多栽在语法句型上，从句混淆、固定句式用错、作文句式单一都是常见问题。今天整理初中 13 大高频核心句型，涵盖 as、prefer、when、what、强调句等必考结构，搭配详细用法、经典例句和易错点拨，分类清晰好记忆。吃透这份句型大全，既能搞定单选完形陷阱，还能升级作文句式，建议收藏反复背诵。
一、as句型
1. as 引导方式状语从句：按照……；正如……
用法：用来引导方式，常省略主谓，多用在句首。
例句：As (it is) in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.正如你们国家一样，我们北方种小麦，南方种水稻。
拓展：as usual 像往常一样；just as 正如
易错：不能用 like 引导从句，like 是介词后接名词 / 代词。
2. 原级比较：as + 形 / 副原级 +(a/an)+ 名词 + as
否定式：not as/so + 原级 + as
例句：He is as good a player as his sister.他和姐姐一样是优秀的运动员。
拓展：as many/much as 多达；倍数表达：A + 倍数 + as + 原级 + as+B
例：This room is twice as big as that one. 这个房间是那个的两倍大。
3. such + 名词 + as to do 如此…… 以至于……
例句：She is such a fool as to believe what he said.她太傻了，居然相信他说的话。
4. so + 形容词 / 副词 + as to do sth
例句：He was so strong as to carry the heavy box.他很强壮，能搬动这个重箱子。
易错区分：so 修饰形容词 / 副词；such 修饰名词。
5. such...as... 像…… 这类的（引导定语从句）
例句：He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.他希望成为像雷锋一样的人。
6. the same + 名词 + as 和…… 一样的（同类不同物）
拓展：the same…that… 同一个（同一物品）
例句：He is not the same man as he used to be.他早已不是从前的样子了。
7. as 引导非限制性定语从句（可放句首 / 句中 / 句末）
常用固定搭配：as is known to us、as we all know、as is reported
例句：As is known to us, knowledge is power.众所周知，知识就是力量。
8. as 引导时间状语从句：随着（强调主从句动作同步）
辨析：when 时间点；while 延续性动作；as 强调伴随
例句：We get wiser as we get older.随着年龄增长，我们变得越来越睿智。
9. as 引导原因状语从句：由于，因为（语气弱，侧重显而易见的原因）
辨析：because 回答 why；since 既然；as 由于
例句：As it was getting very late, we soon turned back.天色已晚，我们便返程了。
10. as 引导让步状语从句：表 “尽管”，必须倒装
结构：形容词 / 名词 / 副词 / 动词原形 + as + 主语 + 谓语，名词前置不加冠词
例句：Child as he is, he knows much about science.尽管年纪很小，他却懂得很多科学知识。
二、prefer句型
1. prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事（侧重某次具体选择）
例：I prefer to stay at home today. 今天我宁愿待在家。
2. prefer doing sth 喜欢做某事（长期爱好、习惯性偏好）
例：I prefer walking after dinner. 我喜欢饭后散步。
3. prefer sb to do sth 希望某人做某事
例：Would you prefer us to wait for you? 需要我们等你吗？
4. prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做 A 不愿做 B
例：I prefer to read books rather than watch TV. 我宁愿看书也不看电视。
5. prefer doing A to doing B 比起做 B 更喜欢做 A
例：She prefers drawing to singing. 比起唱歌她更喜欢画画。
6. prefer A to B 比起 B 更喜欢 A
例：I prefer milk to juice. 比起果汁我更喜欢牛奶。
易错提醒：rather than 后必须用动词原形；to 是介词，后面接动名词。
三、when句型
1. be doing sth…when… 正在做某事，这时突然……
例：He was smiling when the door opened.他正笑着，门突然开了。
2. be about to do sth…when… 刚要做某事，这时突然……
固定搭配：be about to do=be on the point of doing
例：We were about to leave when it rained. 我们正要出发，突然下雨了。
3. had just done…when… 刚做完某事，这时突然……
例：I had just fallen asleep when the phone rang. 我刚睡着电话就响了。
考点：when 此处不能替换 while，是并列连词表突发动作。
四、seem句型
1. It seems that + 从句 似乎……
例：It seemed that all students passed the exam. 好像所有学生都通过了考试。
2. It seems to sb that… 在某人看来……
例：It seems to me that he is lying. 在我看来他在撒谎。
3. There seems to be… 好像存在 / 似乎有……
例：There seems to be something wrong with the machine. 这台机器好像出故障了。
4. It seems as if… 看起来仿佛……（可接虚拟语气）
例：It seems as if it will rain. 看起来快要下雨了。
拓展：seem to do /seem to be doing /seem to have done
五、表差距、增减数值句型
1. 相差具体数值：比较级 + by + 数字
例：She is taller than me by three inches. 她比我高三英寸。
2. 两者相差：There be + 数字 + between A and B
例：There are five years between us. 我们相差五岁。
3. 增加 / 减少幅度：increase/rise/fall+by + 百分比（增减了）
例：The price increased by 50%. 价格上涨了 50%。
4. 增长到具体数值：rise/increase to + 具体数字
例：His income rose to 10000 yuan a month. 他月薪涨到了一万元。
易错：by 表变化幅度；to 表变化后最终数值。
六、what句型
1. 主语从句：What + 从句 + 谓语
例：What he said surprised everyone. 他说的话让所有人震惊。
2. 宾语从句：动词 / 介词 + what 从句
例：You can choose what you like. 你可以选自己喜欢的东西。
3. 表语从句：系动词 + what 从句
例：This is what I need. 这正是我需要的。
4. 同位语从句：抽象名词 + what 从句，解释说明前面名词
例：I have no idea what he is planning. 我不知道他在筹划什么。
辨析：what 在从句中充当主语 / 宾语；that 只起连接作用不做成分。
七、too句型
1. too…to do… 太…… 而不能……（否定含义）
例：The box is too heavy for me to carry. 箱子太重我搬不动。
2. only too…to do… 非常……（表肯定，相当于 very）
例：I am only too glad to help you. 我非常乐意帮你。
3. too + 形容词 + for sth 某物对…… 来说太……
例：The coat is much too big for the kid. 这件外套对孩子来说太大了。
4. too + 形容词 + a/an + 单数名词
例：This is too hard a task for beginners. 对新手来说这个任务太难。
5. can’t…too + 形容词 再…… 也不为过（高频写作金句）
例：You can’t be too careful when crossing roads. 过马路再小心也不为过。
八、where句型
1. 定语从句：where 修饰地点名词，在从句中作地点状语
例：This is the factory where my father works. 这是我爸爸工作的工厂。
2. 地点状语从句：where 引导，前面无地点名词
经典谚语：Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
3. 表语从句：系动词后 where 引导
例：Home is where your heart is. 心在哪里，家就在哪里。
九、wish句型
1. wish+(that) 主语 + 过去式（对现在 / 将来虚拟）
例：I wish I lived near school. 真希望我住在学校附近。
补充：be 动词统一用 were
2. wish+(that) 主语 + had done（对过去遗憾虚拟）
例：I wish I had taken your advice. 真后悔当初没听你的建议。
3. wish+(that) 主语 + would/could do（希望将来发生改变）
例：I wish the rain would stop soon. 希望雨快点停。
易错：wish 不能用 hope 替换，hope 后不能接虚拟语气。
十、would rather句型
1. would rather do A than do B 宁愿做 A 不愿做 B
例：I would rather walk than take a bus. 我宁愿走路也不坐公交。
2. would rather have done 本想做（实际没做，对过去遗憾）
例：I would rather have stayed at home. 我当初本该待在家里。
3. would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人现在 / 将来做某事（虚拟）
例：I’d rather you came tomorrow. 我希望你明天来。
4. would rather sb had done sth 宁愿某人当初做了某事（过去虚拟）
例：I’d rather you had told me the truth. 真希望你当初告诉我真相。
十一、before句型
1. Before + 主语 + can/could… 还没来得及…… 就……
例：Before I could reply, he hung up. 我还没来得及回复，他就挂了电话。
2. It will be + 时间段 + before… 还要多久才……
例：It will be three years before we meet again. 我们还要三年才能再见。
3. 过去完成时 + 时间段 + before… 过了多久才……
例：We had waited two hours before the train arrived. 我们等了两小时火车才来。
4. hadn’t done…before… 还没…… 就……
例：We hadn’t walked far before it began to rain. 没走多远就下雨了。
5. It was not + 时间段 + before… 没过多久就……
例：It wasn’t long before he became famous. 没过多久他就出名了。
十二、强调句型
1. 陈述句强调：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who…
人可用 who/that；事物只能用 that
例：It was Tom who helped me yesterday. 昨天是汤姆帮了我。
2. 一般疑问句强调：Is/Was it + 被强调部分 + that/who…
例：Was it in this shop that you bought the pen？你是在这家店买的钢笔吗？
3. 特殊疑问句强调：特殊疑问词 + is/was it that…
例：Where was it that you met your old friend？你究竟在哪里遇见老朋友的？
4. 谓语动词强调：do/does/did + 动词原形（只用于一般现在、过去时）
例：He did finish his homework last night. 他昨晚确实写完了作业。
易错提醒：强调状语时不能用 when/where，一律用 that；去掉 It is/was…that 句子依然完整。
十三、表过去未实现计划 / 希望句型
1. would love/would like to have done sth 本打算做某事（没做成）
例：I would love to have visited you. 我本想去拜访你。
2. was/were going to do sth 原本打算做某事（计划落空）
例：We were going to have a picnic, but it rained. 我们原本打算野餐，结果下雨了。
拓展：plan/hope/intend to have done 也可表示本打算做却没做成。
专项真题训练
一、单项选择题（30 题）
考点：as 句型（1-5 题）
1. As we all know, practice makes perfect.
A. Which B. As C. What D. That
2. This is ____ interesting a story ____ all the students like it.
A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to
3. Try to speak English ____ often ____ you can.
A. as; as B. so; so C. too; to D. such; as
4. Young ____ he is, he knows a lot of history.
A. because B. although C. as D. if
5. She is such a kind girl ____ everyone wants to make friends with her.
A. as B. that C. which D. when
考点：prefer 句型（6-10 题）
6. I prefer ____ at home to ____ out on rainy days.
A. stay; go B. staying; going C. to stay; go D. to stay; going
7. My father prefers ____ tea rather than ____ coffee.
A. drink; drink B. drinking; drinking C. to drink; drink D. to drink; drinking
8. —Would you prefer ____ to the cinema with us?
—Yes, I’d love to.
A. go B. to go C. going D. went
9. Lily prefers apples ____ bananas.
A. than B. for C. to D. with
10. He would prefer you ____ him tomorrow.
A. call B. to call C. calling D. called
考点：when 瞬间句型 + seem 句型（11-15 题）
11. We ____ a walk in the park when it suddenly began to rain.
A. take B. took C. were taking D. are taking
12. I ____ just got home when my mother called me.
A. have B. had C. am D. was
13. We were about ____ the classroom when the teacher came in.
A. leave B. to leave C. leaving D. left
14. It seems ____ he has known the truth.
A. what B. that C. if D. whether
15. There seems ____ something wrong with my bike.
A. to be B. being C. is D. was
考点：what 名词性从句 + too 句型（16-20 题）
16. ____ he said moved all the people present.
A. That B. What C. Which D. Where
17. This is ____ I have been looking for these days.
A. that B. what C. when D. where
18. The box is ____ heavy for the little boy ____ carry.
A. too; to B. so; that C. such; that D. enough; to
19. You can’t be ____ careful when you drive a car.
A. very B. so C. too D. quite
20. I’m only too happy ____ you with your English.
A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped
考点：where 从句、wish 虚拟、would rather（21-25 题）
21. This is the factory ____ my uncle worked ten years ago.
A. which B. where C. what D. when
22. I wish I ____ more time to read every day.
A. have B. had C. will have D. have had
23. I wish you ____ to my birthday party yesterday.
A. came B. would come C. had come D. come
24. I’d rather you ____ here now.
A. stay B. stayed C. to stay D. staying
25. She would rather ____ than give up her dream.
A. die B. to die C. dying D. died
考点：before 句型、强调句、数量增减句型（26-30 题）
26. It will be two years ____ we meet again.
A. since B. before C. when D. until
27. It wasn’t long ____ he learned to use the new machine.
A. after B. before C. when D. as
28. It was in this street ____ I met my old friend last Sunday.
A. where B. which C. that D. what
29. It was Tom ____ helped me finish the task.
A. which B. who C. when D. where
30. The number of students increased ____ 20% last term.
A. to B. by C. for D. at
答案 + 详细解析
1. 答案：B
解析：as 引导非限制性定语从句，as we all know 固定搭配 “众所周知”，放在句首只能用 as。
2. 答案：A
解析：so + 形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that… 如此…… 以至于；such 结构应为 such an interesting story that。
3. 答案：A
解析：as…as you can 固定结构：尽可能……，原级比较。
4. 答案：C
解析：as 引导让步状语从句，表语提前倒装：形容词 + as + 主语 + 谓语，意为 “尽管”。
5. 答案：B
解析：such…that… 如此…… 以至于，引导结果状语从句；such…as 引导定语从句，本句表结果。
6. 答案：B
解析：prefer doing A to doing B 比起做 B 更喜欢做 A，to 是介词，后面用动名词。
7. 答案：C
解析：prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做 A 不愿做 B，rather than 后接动词原形。
8. 答案：B
解析：prefer to do sth 想要做某事，固定不定式搭配。
9. 答案：C
解析：prefer A to B 比起 B 更喜欢 A，固定介词 to。
10. 答案：B
解析：prefer sb to do sth 希望某人做某事，不定式作宾补。
11. 答案：C
解析：be doing…when… 正在做某事突然……，主句用过去进行时。
12. 答案：B
解析：had just done…when… 刚做完某事突然……，主句用过去完成时。
13. 答案：B
解析：be about to do sth 正要做某事，固定不定式结构。
14. 答案：B
解析：It seems that… 似乎……，that 引导表语从句，无实义不充当成分。
15. 答案：A
解析：There seems to be… 似乎有……，固定不定式结构。
16. 答案：B
解析：what 引导主语从句，在从句中作 said 的宾语；that 引导主语从句不充当句子成分。
17. 答案：B
解析：what 引导表语从句，在从句中作 look for 的宾语。
18. 答案：A
解析：too…to… 太…… 而不能……，这个箱子太重小男孩搬不动。
19. 答案：C
解析：can’t…too + 形容词 再…… 也不为过，开车再小心也不为过。
20. 答案：B
解析：only too…to do sth 非常乐意做某事，不定式表结果。
21. 答案：B
解析：where 引导定语从句，修饰地点 factory，在从句中作地点状语。
22. 答案：B
解析：wish 对现在虚拟，从句用一般过去时，希望现在有更多时间。
23. 答案：C
解析：wish 对过去虚拟，从句用 had done，后悔昨天没来生日派对。
24. 答案：B
解析：would rather 后接从句，对现在虚拟用一般过去时。
25. 答案：A
解析：would rather do sth than do sth，rather 后用动词原形。
26. 答案：B
解析：It will be + 时间段 + before… 还要多久才……。
27. 答案：B
解析：It was not long before… 没过多久就……。
28. 答案：C
解析：强调句型 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that，强调地点状语只能用 that。
29. 答案：B
解析：强调人可以用 who/that。
30. 答案：B
解析：increase by + 百分比 增长了……；increase to + 具体数字 增长到。
往期回顾