夜雨聆风2021北京卷
阅读D
be aware of 意识到adj.
increasingly 增加adv.
同位语从句
that +完整句子
定语从句that 充当主语/宾语
control 控制v.
system 系统n.
engineering 工程技术n.
we are realizing that xx 意识到v
moderate 调节v.
action行为n.
live in balance 平衡生存下去
We're increasingly aware of the fact that /we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone，and realizing that /we need to moderate（调节）our actions if we hope to live in balance.
what if xx 如果xx将会怎样
definition 定义n.
reflect 反映v.
What if our definition of time reflected that？
authority 权威n.
raise question 提出问题v.
raise 上升v.
mainly 副词修饰动词
（32）The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to.
A.present an assumption提出假设
present 展示v.
assumption 假设n.
evaluate 评估v.
argument 论点n.
argue with sb
B.evaluate an argument
highlight 强调v.
C.highlight an experiment
approach 方法n.
D.introduce an approach引出（新）方法
concept 概念n.
conceptualize 提出概念v.
the approach to sth /doing 做某事的方式
timekeeping 记时n.
先行词approach
引导词that
the approach is connected to xx
be connected to 联系v.
circumstances 环境状况n.
circumstances /conditions might change
as a result of xx 作为结果
global warming 全球变暖
Recently，I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet，conditions that might change as a result of global warming.
build a clock 打造v.
定语从句
先行词clock
引导词that
the clock reflects the total flow of xx rivers
reflect 反映v.
the total flow 总流量
which 引导非限制定语从句
the rivers are sensitive to xx
be sensitive to sth 对xx敏感
local environmental changes 当地环境变化
global environmental changes 全球环境变化
We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museumthat reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes.
have programed
has/have done 现在完成
program 设定程序v.
to do sth
match 匹配v.
an atomic clock 原子钟n.
waterways 河道
continue to do sth
flow -flowed -flowed 流动v.
at their present rate 以当前的流速
We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate.
on average 平均adv.
get ahead of 在前面
standard time 标准时间
If the rivers run faster in the future on average，the clock will get ahead of standard time.
If they run slower，you'll see the opposite effect.
run/flow
opposite 相反的
effect影响；结果n.
（33）What can we learn from this passage？
imbalanced 失衡的adj.
A.Thosewho do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life.
measure 测量v.
B.New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems.
C.Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower.
D.Modern technology may help to shape the rivers' temporal frame.
shape 塑造v.
frame 框架n
temporal 时间的adj.
temporary暂时的adj.
register 记录v.
both …and …
short -term短期
irregularity 不规律n
regular 有规律adj
ir/in/im -否定前缀
trend趋势n.
dynamics /trends 动态变化；趋势n.
The clock registers both short﹣term irregularities and long﹣term trends in river dynamics.
sort of 如同
observatory 观测台
定语从句
先行词observatory
引导词that
the observatory reveals xx
reveal揭示v.
how
the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame （时间框架） in a way …
behave 表现v.
the observatory allows us to do sth
witness 观察v.
smartwatch 智能手表
It's a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame （时间框架），and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones.
定语从句
先行词anyone
引导词who
anyone /he /she opts to go on xx time
opt to do 选择做v.
go on xx time 遵循xx时间
live in harmony with xx 和谐共生
Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet.
consider 考虑
in relation to sth 相关
encounter 遇到v.
imbalance 失衡n.
he/she may be motivated to do sth
motivate 激发；激励v.
counteract imbalance 消除；抵消v.
by doing
consume 消耗v.
fuel 燃料n.
greener 更加环保adj.
Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic timewill encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.
even if 即使
novel 新奇的adj.
in its particulars 具体细节上adv.
agricultural societies 农业社会
connect xx to xx 连接v
natural phenomena 自然现象n.
Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars，early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena.
pre-classical 前古典时期的adj.
Greece 希腊
correct 修正v.
official calendars 官方历法
by doing
shift dates 改变；调整日期v.
forward 往前
backward往后
reflect 反映v.
In pre﹣Classical Greece，for instance，people "corrected" official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season.
作业：
1.英汉视译
2.课堂笔记
2021北京卷
阅读D
temporal 时间的adj
connection联系n.
it was vital to sth 至关重要的adj.
to 介词
survival 生存n.
Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival.
likewise 同样adv.
timekeeping systems 计时系统n.
定语从句
we are developing these systems.
may do
encourage sth 鼓励
environmental awareness 环境意识n.
Likewise，river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental awareness.
admit 承认v.
inability 没有能力n.
to do sth
define 下定义v.
highlight 强调；
noticeable 显著的adj.
quality 特征n.
When St.Augustine admitted his inability to define time，he highlighted one of time's most noticeable qualities：
meaningful 有意义adj.
only in xx 只有在xx情况下
defined 特定的；
define 定义v.
context 背景；语境n.
Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context.
valid 有效的；合理的adj.
praiseworthy 值得肯定的adj.
purpose 目的n.
Any timekeeping system is valid，and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose.
（34）What can we infer from this passage？
infer推断v.
crucial 至关重要的adj.
improve 提升v.
A.It is crucial to improve the definition of time.
fixed固定的adj
frame 框架n.
will do
make sb/sth +adj.
meaningless 没有意义adj.
B.A fixed frame will make time meaningless.
live in harmony with xx 和谐共处
C.We should live in harmony with nature.
D.History is a mirror reflecting reality.
mirror 镜子n.
reflect 反映v.
reality 事实n.
2021北京卷
七选五
long长期以来adv.
has been considered
has/have been done 现在完成被动
pastime 消遣n.
enjoyable 惬意 adj.
Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people.
be popular with /among
highly高度adv.
due to 因为
individual 个人的adj.
individualized 个性化的adj.
effects on sth 对xx的影响
stress 压力n.
anxiety 焦虑n
（35）F.It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety.
mental 心理的adj.
benefit 好处n.
argue 争论v.
The mental health benefits from music can't be argued.
could/can 委婉
could /can help
could /can be helping
help sb do
behind the scenes 在幕后；潜移默化中adv.
Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes.
harmful 有害的adj.
（36）B.Some experts say that/ music can be harmful if it is too loud.
for the same reason 基于同样的原因
beneficial 有好处adj.
be in pain 疼痛adv.
However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain.
by doing
distract 分心v.
attract 吸引v.
mind 大脑；意识v.
pain 疼痛n.
can do
lower 降低v.
stress 压力n.
anxiety 焦虑
level 等级；水平n.
By distracting （分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels.
can do
lead to sth导致
lead -led-led
less 更少
pain疼痛n.
This，of course，can lead to less pain.
relaxing 令人放松的adj.
prior to doing 在做某事前
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the eveningprior to going to bed.（
play a role in doing 发挥作用
calm 镇定v.
37）D.They say /it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep.
validity 有效性n.
is being assessed
am/is/are being done 现在进行被动
assess评估v.
the lowered stress 压力的降低n.
lowered 过去分词作形容词
lower 降低v.
can be done
tie back to blood pressure 血压
tie to sth 绑缚v.
While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure.
similarly 与之类似adv.
accruing to 根据
listening 动名词作主语
it helps with healthy blood sugar levels.
may do
through 通过
lowering 降低n.
blood sugar血糖
Similarly，according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels，through the lowering of stress and anxiety.
come to sth
heart health心脏健康
there be 句型
speculation 推测
同位语从句
but rather 而是
tempo节奏n.
the tempo makes it so good for your heart health.
When it comes to heart health，there is speculation（推测）that/it's not the style of music，but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health.
participant 参与者n.
as当
monitor 监测v.
the heart rates 心率n.
blood pressure 血液n.
In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure.
the more …the faster 越多越快
cheerful 欢乐adj.
heart rates心率
（38）G.Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were.
on the other hand 另一方面adv.
slow 放慢v.
effect影响；效果n.
appear to do sth 表现出
follow suit 跟随v.
On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit.
implication 影响n.
the implication on sth
overall 总体
well-being 健康
impressive 印象深刻adj.
（39）E.The implications of music on overall well﹣beingare really impressive.
there be句型
range范围n.
a whole range of 大量
issue 问题n.
定语从句
先行词issues
引导词that
turn up the radio
turn up /down
it is beneficial for the issues.
beneficial 有好处adj.
turning up the radio could be beneficial for the issues.
which 引导非限制定语从句
the benefit is xx主系表
it makes music so valuable 珍贵adj.
But there is a whole range of other health issues thatturning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable.
A.This feeling can also result in many other health problems.
result in导致v.
off-the -wall 奇特adj.
scientific backing 科学依据
B.This idea is a little off﹣the﹣wall but still has scientific backing.
作业：
1.英汉视译
2.课堂笔记
