【教育教学】在小学英语学习中,播下写作的种子——以“四三二一”法搭建写作教学脚手架

尽管在《义务教育英语课程标准（2022版）》（以下简称《新课标》）中没有出现“习作、作文”这样的词语，而是“书面表达、写作、表达性技能”这样的表述，这不是说英语作文在小学不重要，可教可不教，这恰恰说明小学阶段要更加重视写作的进阶训练，依据《新课标》规定的课程内容分级要求设计教学活动和学业质量标准分级要求设计评价维度，让学生在小学四年的英语学习中不断地、扎实有效地提高语言技能，为初、高中乃至未来的英语学习奠定坚实的基础。

基于以上认识，近两年在六年级小升初英语教学中，我和学生在写作教学实践中总结出了“四三二一”习作法，源于实践，服务于实践。经过一学期、一年的实践，学生的写作水平均有不同程度的进步，甚至让原本“谈写作色变”的学生也逐渐认识到英语写作并非“洪水猛兽”。他们从写不出一个单词，到能写出一句话、两句话，再到一小段话；从毫无头绪到言之有序，从一段到几段，再到长篇大论。以下这篇游记，你能想象出是出自城郊结合部学校一个六年级学生的笔下吗？

My Last Summer Holiday

By Wang Yaxin, Class 2, Grade 6, Zhenning Second School

Last summer holiday, my family and I went to Xi'an, the ancient capital of thirteen dynasties. Xi'an is far from our hometown, so we decided to go there by plane. We got up very early that morning to go to the airport. We were all very excited on the way to the airport.

When we got on the plane, I sat next to the window. I looked out of the window and saw beautiful blue sky and white clouds. The clouds looked like soft cotton candy. My parents told us many interesting stories about Xi'an on the plane. We all looked forward to visiting many famous old places and tasting all kinds of delicious local food. We stayed in Xi'an for seven days. During these seven days, we really felt excited and happy.

On the first day, we visited Xi'an City Wall first. It is one of the most famous places in Xi'an. The City Wall was built in the Ming Dynasty. It is very long and very strong. It is one of the best and biggest ancient city walls in China. We rented six bikes for our family. Then we rode bikes slowly along the City Wall. The wind blew gently on our faces. We enjoyed the beautiful views around us. We could see busy streets, many tall buildings and lots of happy people down below. The Big Wild Goose Pagoda looked very tall and beautiful in the distance. We took many nice photos on the City Wall. We were tired but very happy after riding bikes.

On the second day, we went to visit the Big Wild Goose Pagoda and Small Wild Goose Pagoda early in the morning. They are both very famous old buildings from the Tang Dynasty. They have a very long history. We walked up the steps of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda slowly. When we climbed up the Pagoda, we could overlook the whole city of Xi'an. Everything looked small and beautiful. In the evening, we went to watch the famous music fountain show near the Big Wild Goose Pagoda. The water danced beautifully with the wonderful music and colorful lights. It was so amazing and interesting. I took a lot of photos of the fountain show. I also bought some lovely small gifts for my good friends after the show.

On the third day, we visited the Terracotta Army. It is one of the greatest wonders in the world. People call it the Eighth Wonder of the World! When we first got there, I was very shocked. I had never seen such amazing things before. There are thousands of pottery soldiers and pottery horses standing in perfect order. Every pottery soldier has a different face and different looks. No two soldiers are the same. It is really incredible. A guide told us many stories about the Terracotta Army. I learnt a lot of useful knowledge about Chinese ancient history. I felt very proud of our great country.

On the fourth day, we visited Shaanxi History Museum. It is a great museum with lots of precious old relics（文物）. There are many beautiful potteries, old bronze things in it. We listened to the guide carefully. The guide told us many interesting stories and different ancient dynasties. We knew more about Chinese long history and great culture. In the afternoon, we went to visit the Bell Tower and Drum Tower. They are the important symbols of Xi'an. They look very grand and beautiful. They mix the old traditional style and modern life together perfectly.

On the fifth day, we came to Huaqing Palace. It was a beautiful royal garden in the Tang Dynasty. The whole place is surrounded by green mountains and clear water. The trees and flowers here are very beautiful. The scenery is so nice and quiet. We walked slowly on the small paths. We enjoyed the fresh air and quiet environment. We felt very relaxed and happy here. At night, we went to visit Tang ParadiseEverbright（大唐不夜城）. There are so many bright and beautiful lights everywhere. We listened to wonderful ancient music. The beautiful scenery and music made us feel like we were living in the Tang Dynasty. It was a wonderful feeling.

On the sixth day, we went to Muslim Quarter（回民街）. The street was crowded and full of delicious food smells. We tasted roujiamo, cold noodles and biangbiang noodles（裤带面）. They tasted so good. We also had sweet cakes and roasted chestnuts（糖炒板栗）. In the afternoon, we visited a traditional old courtyard and learned about ancient people's life.

On the seventh day, we went to Yongxing Square. We ate local dumplings and beef noodles, and bought some souvenirs（旅游小礼物） for our family and friends. In the afternoon, we walked on the City Wall for the last time and took photos. We felt a little sad when we had to leave this lovely city.

Xi'an is an ancient and lovely city with long history, rich culture and tasty food. I love this seven-day trip very much. It is an unforgettable experience for me. I hope I can visit Xi'an again in the future.

【教师点评】

这是一篇堪称范文级别的游记作文，汪雅欣同学不仅记录了旅行的脚步，更用心灵感受了历史与文化的温度。全文893个词，没有辞藻的重复堆砌，书面表达完全达到三级学业质量标准（初三学生水平）。以下从教师视角给出几点点评，包括内容、结构、语言和情感等方面：

1.按照时间顺序（第一天到第七天）依次记叙了西安之旅，行程安排一目了然。每一天都有明确的主题活动（城墙骑行、大雁塔、兵马俑、博物馆、华清宫、回民街等），内容详实而不杂乱；从语篇结构上来看采用总—分—总结构布局谋篇，第1、2段交代了事情的开始，第3、4、5、6、7、8、9段介绍旅游的经过，第10段结尾、升华情感。（结构好）

2.选用正确的词语、句式和时态，描述、介绍旅行过程中的所见所闻，表达个人看法，意思表达清晰，话语通顺，语义连贯。如The wind blew gently on our faces. We enjoyed the beautiful views around us. We could see busy streets, many tall buildings and lots of happy people down below.（语言好）

3.能使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系，能使用描述性词语添加细节，使内容更加丰富、生动。如It was a beautiful royal garden in the Tang Dynasty. The whole place is surrounded by green mountains and clear water. The trees and flowers here are very beautiful. The scenery is so nice and quiet. We walked slowly on the small paths. We enjoyed the fresh air and quiet environment. （细节好）

4.小作者通过观察不仅记录下了目之所及，还自然地表达内心的真实感受（如We felt a little sad when we had to leave this lovely city.）与对中国古代历史的敬畏与自豪感，如I felt very proud of our great country，在结尾总结了对西安的整体感受，表现出超越年龄的文化理解力，非常可贵。（情感好）