人教版新教材高中英语必修一 Unit4 Natural Disasters培优拓展

必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 深度拓展

高一拔高· 高考考点衔接 · 长难句与语篇突破

一、开篇导读

单元主题标题

Natural Disasters（自然灾害）—— 纪实性叙事的"时间轴 + 数据震撼"与定语从句进阶

核心能力目标

·攻克长难句：as if 虚拟语气、分数/百分数主谓一致、whose 定语从句、the number of 用法

·语篇解题技巧：把握"震前—震中—震后—救援—重建"五段式时间轴

·高考考点对接：定语从句（whose / 介词+which）、被动语态、主谓一致、as if 虚拟

本单元在高考中的考察方向

备考价值：灾难/救援类语篇是高考阅读与"报道"类写作的常客。本文的"数据罗列 + 被动叙事 + 正能量升华"套路，可直接用于地震、疫情等热点写作。

二、课文原文精读

The Night the Earth Didn't Sleep（大地未能入睡之夜）

Para. 1（震前异象）

Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were deep cracks① that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly② gas coming out of it. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3:00 a.m., on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city's one million people were asleep as usual that night.

Para. 2（瞬间毁灭）

At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. [长难句1] It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins③. [长难句2] Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents. [长难句3] The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.

Para. 3（满城废墟）

Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city's factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.

Para. 4（救援与希望）

But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. [长难句4] Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.

Para. 5（重建新生）

Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. [长难句5] Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.

三、重难点深度解析

（一）高频词汇拓展（高考考纲词）

① crack / ③ ruins— 裂缝 / 废墟

·crack /kræk/ n.裂缝；搭配：a deep crack。

·ruins /ˈruːɪnz/ n.（pl.）废墟；固定搭配：in ruins（成为废墟——高考完形/语法填空高频）；lie in ruins。

② smelly /ˈsmeli/ adj.有臭味的

·构词：smell（v./n.）+ -y → 形容词；同类：-y 形容词 rainy, windy, lucky。

·反义：smell-less（无味的）。

③ 拓展：destroy / disaster / shelter / survivor / trap / revive

·destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ v.摧毁→ 名词 destruction；disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ n.灾难（形容词 disastrous）。

·shelter /ˈʃeltə(r)/ n.避难所；survivor /səˈvaɪvə(r)/ n.幸存者（survive v.）；trap /træp/ v.困住（be trapped 被困）；revive /rɪˈvaɪv/ v.复兴。

（二）长难句拆解

[长难句1]It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!

主句: It seemed

└─ 表语从句: as if the world were coming to an end

├─ 主语: the world

├─ 谓语: were coming（虚拟语气 were，非 was）

└─ 状语: to an end

·语法：as if 引导表语从句，表示与事实相反用虚拟语气（were / did）。

·易错：此处须用were（不用 was），属高考虚拟语气必考点。

·译文：仿佛世界末日即将来临！

[长难句2]Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.

主语: Two thirds of the people

└─ 定语从句: who lived there（who 指 people，作主语）

谓语: were（注意：谓语由 of 后的 people 决定，用复数）

表语: dead or injured

·语法：分数 + of + 名词作主语，谓语与 of 后名词数一致（people 复数 → were）。

·考点：主谓一致，高考高频。

[长难句3]The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.

主语: The number of people（中心词 number → 谓语用单数 was）

└─ 定语从句: who were killed or badly injured（who 指 people 作主语）

谓语: was

表语: more than 400,000

·关键辨析：

·The number of + 复数名词→ 谓语单数（"……的数量"）

·A number of + 复数名词→ 谓语复数（"许多……"）

·译文：地震中死亡或重伤的人数超过 40 万。

[长难句4]Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.

主语: Workers

谓语: built

宾语: shelters

状语: for survivors

└─ 定语从句: whose homes had been destroyed（whose 表所属 = the survivors'）

·语法：whose 引导定语从句，在从句中作定语，指人或物均可。

·翻译：工人们为房屋被毁的幸存者搭建避难所。

[长难句5]Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that ...

·主干：Tangshan city has proved（prove 作及物"证明"）

·状语：to China and the rest of the world（prove to sb.）

·宾语：that 引导宾语从句（含 in times of disaster 时间状语 + must unify ... 主句）

（三）语篇分析

·文体特征：纪实性叙事报道，按时间轴展开（震前→震中→震后→救援→重建）。

·写作手法：① 数据震撼法（one third / two thirds / 400,000 / 150,000 / seven million）增强真实感；② 被动语态密集（were seen / were heard / were killed / were brought）突出客观惨状；③ 对比升华（废墟 vs 新生）。

·逻辑衔接：But（转折：绝望→希望）、Slowly（渐变）、With ... support（因果）。

·阅读解题技巧：① 报道类先抓"时间词"（1976, 3:42 a.m.）理清事件顺序；② 数字细节题回原文精确比对；③ 主旨/作者态度题看结尾"正能量升华句"。

（四）本单元核心语法· 高考考点对接

定语从句进阶（whose / 介词 + which）+ 被动语态

·whose：表所属，在从句作定语（survivors whose homes ...）。高考常考 whose 与 of which 转换：the city whose name ... = the city the name of which ...。

·被动语态：本文大量使用（were seen / were heard / were killed / were brought）。高考语法填空中，若主语是动作承受者且缺谓语，必填 be + 过去分词。

·as if 虚拟语气：were 不可换 was。

·易错提醒：

1.1. the number of（单数）vs a number of（复数）——看中心词。

2.2. 分数/百分数 + of + 名词谓语随 of 后名词。

3.3. whose 不可换 who's（who's = who is）。

四、写作素材积累

从课文提炼的 6 个高级表达

4.1. It seemed as if ... were ...（as if 虚拟，描写危急/震撼场面）

5.2. Two thirds of ... were ...（分数主谓一致，数据表达）

6.3. The number of people who were ... was more than ...（the number of 单数，报道数据）

7.4. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.（whose 定从，救援描写）

8.5. Water and food were brought into ... by ...（被动语态，客观叙事）

9.6. ... has proved to the world that in times of disaster, people must unify ...（prove to sb. that，正能量升华结尾）

仿写片段（主题：洪水后的重建）

The flood destroyed the town overnight. Two thirds of the houses were washed away. The number of people who lost their homes was more than 5,000. Volunteers built shelters for families whose houses had collapsed. Supplies were brought into the area by truck. The town has proved to the nation that in times of disaster, people must unify and rebuild for a brighter future.

五、提升训练习题（共 15 题）

（一）同主题阅读理解（3 题）

At 3:42 a.m. on July 28, 1976, a deadly earthquake hit Tangshan. In less than a minute the city lay in ruins; over 400,000 were killed or injured. The army sent 150,000 soldiers to dig out the trapped. With government support, a new Tangshan rose from the ruins.

10.1. When did the Tangshan earthquake happen?

A. In the morning of 1976. B. At 3:42 a.m., July 28, 1976.

C. In the afternoon. D. On July 28, 1821.

11.2. How many people were killed or injured?

A. About 150,000. B. More than 400,000.

C. Two thirds of the nation. D. 75 percent of the city.

12.3. What is the text mainly about?

A. How to predict earthquakes.

B. The Tangshan quake and its recovery.

C. The history of Tangshan.

D. Chinese architecture.

（二）七选五（5 题）

Earthquakes can be devastating. __4__ First, learn to protect yourself. __5__ Drop, cover, and hold on. __6__ After the quake, help may be delayed. __7__ The government and army often lead rescue. __8__ Unity helps a city rise again.

A. Knowing what to do saves lives.

B. Here is some advice for survival.

C. Stay away from windows.

D. Keep a survival kit at home.

E. Rescue work needs everyone's effort.

F. Earthquakes are caused by plate movement.

G. Buildings should be rebuilt stronger.

（三）语篇型语法填空（4 题）

At 3:42 a.m. everything began to shake. Two thirds of the people who __9__ (live) there __10__ (be) dead or injured. The number of people who were killed __11__ (be) more than 400,000. Workers built shelters for survivors __12__ homes had been destroyed.

（四）高级句型完成句子（3 题）

13.13. 仿佛世界末日即将来临！

It seemed ______ ______ the world ______ ______ ______ an end!

14.14. 房屋被毁的幸存者得到了帮助。

Survivors ______ homes ______ ______ ______ were helped.

15.15. 这座城市向全世界证明，灾难中人们必须团结。

The city ______ ______ the world that in times of disaster people must ______.

六、答案与详细解析

（一）阅读理解

16.1. B— 细节题。原文 "At 3:42 a.m., ... on 28 July 1976"，B 精确。A "in the morning" 笼统；C、D 错。

17.2. B— 细节题。长难句3 "more than 400,000" 直接对应 B。A 是士兵数；C/D 是其他数据。

18.3. B— 主旨题。全文讲唐山地震及重建，B 最准。A（预测）未提及；C/D 偏题。

（二）七选五

19.4. B— 总起"求生建议"。5. A— 解释学习自救的意义。6. C— 具体动作（远离窗户）。7. E— 救援需全民努力，承接 army 救援。8. G— 重建更强，呼应 rise again。（F 为事实但偏离"建议"主线。）

（三）语法填空

20.9. lived— who 指 people 作主语，过去时。

21.10. were— 分数 of people 谓语随 people 用复数 were。

22.11. was— The number of + 复数 → 谓语单数 was（高频考点）。

23.12. whose— 定语从句，whose homes = the survivors' homes。

（四）完成句子

24.13. as if; were coming to— as if 虚拟语气，were 不可换 was。

25.14. whose; had been destroyed— whose 定从；房屋"被毁"用过去完成被动。

26.15. has proved to; unify— prove to sb. that；must 后接动词原形 unify。

知识点回顾：① the number of（单数）↔ a number of（复数）；② 分数/百分数 + of + 名词，谓语随 of 后名词；③ whose 表所属，不作 who's；④ as if 表虚构用 were 虚拟；⑤ 被动语态 be + done。

七、结尾拓展

同主题课外拓展阅读推荐：

·China Daily灾难报道专栏（如汶川、土耳其地震特写），或BBC News "Natural disasters explained"——学习报道体裁的数据表达与被动叙事。

互动打卡：

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