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理 论 精 讲 - 句 法 1
▹ 讲师：慕伊
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课后统一答疑：不理解的部分标记好课件所在页码第 一 章
句法知识第 一 节
英语基本句型基本成分简单记：
种简单句基本句型
5
1. 谓语Predicate：动作
2. 主语Subject：动作的发出者
3. 宾语Object：动作的承受者
4. 宾补Object Complement：
对宾语的补充
5. 表语Predicative：
系动词之后的成分小聪明锦囊：
系动词后是表语简单句：He broke my heart.
I cried.
并列句：简单句+并列连词+简单句 He broke my heart and I cried.
复合句：主句+从属连词+从句：That is the reason why I cried.定语从句
三大从句
名词性从句
状语从句
句 法
虚拟语气
倒装句
特殊句式
强调句
省略第 二 节
从句PART 01
定语从句
Attributive clause定语从句考点
(1) 限制性定语从句
1. 常规用法
(2) 非限制性定语从句
关系词
2. 特殊用法He is a handsome man.
先行词 关系词
He is the man who lives next door.
定义：用来修饰名词或代词的从句
先行词 关系词
He who lives next door is handsome.考点 关系词
关系词的作用
He is the man who lives next door.
① 连接作用：连接先行词和从句
② 替代先行词，在句中充当一个成分（主、宾、表、定、状）
关系词的选择
① 确定先行词指人还是指物
② 确定关系词在从句中充当什么成分限制性定语从句关系词
关系副
关系代词
词
先行词
作用
作定
作主语 作宾语 作表语 作状语
语
that/who/whom/
人 that/who
不填
that/不填 whose
物 that/which that/which/不填（一）关系代词的常规用法（限制性定语从句）
先行词 关系代词作主语
人 He is the man who/that lives next door.
物 The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.（一）关系代词的常规用法（限制性定语从句）
先行词 关系代词作宾语
人 The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer.
物 Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?（一）关系代词的常规用法（限制性定语从句）
先行词 关系代词作表语
人 He is no longer the man (that) he used to be.
物 This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.（一）关系代词的常规用法（限制性定语从句）
先行词 关系代词作定语
人 He is the man whose car was stolen last week.
物 It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.（一）关系代词的常规用法（限制性定语从句）
注意：
whose +n = the+ n+ of which/of whom
=of which/of whom + the + n
①They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.
= =
②He is the man the name of whom I’ve completely forgotten.
= =限制性定语从句关系代词
关系代词
先行词作
用
主语 宾语 表语 定语
人
物Life in the city is tough for a parent_______kids aren't keeping up in school.
A. his
B.of whom
C.whose
D.of whichYesterday Li Ming went to the village ________ he visited five years ago.
A. where
B. who
C. that
D. whom关系副词的常规用法
关系代词 关系副词
先行词
作用
主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语
whom/
when
人 who/that who/
that/×
that/× whose
where
which/ which/
物
that that/× why限制性定语从句关系副词的用法
(2)
u when指时间，在从句中作时间状语
先行词通常为：time, day, morning, night, week, year;
【注意：occasion（时刻）】...
u where指地点，在从句中作地点状语
先行词通常为：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country;
【注意：point, situation, case, condition, stage（情况，境地，场合）】...
u why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason限制性定语从句关系副词的用法
(2)
1. I still remember the time when I first became a college student
.
先行词 关系词 定语从句
2. This is the hotel ______ they are staying.
小聪明锦囊：
be动词构成时态、
3. That is the reason ______ he is leaving so soon.
语态、语气时为
助动词使用关系副词的注意事项
(3)
①在意义上关系副词（when/where/why）= 介词 + which
I was in Beijing that day when (=on which) he arrived.
The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.
This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.
• 介词后只能用 which，不能用 that。
• 介词根据动词与先行词的搭配来选择。使用关系副词的注意事项
(3)
②当先行词是表时间的 time, day 等和表地点的 place, house 等时，一定要注意分析关系词
在从句中所充当的成分。
【例 1】I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.
【例 2】I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.
【例 3】His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.
【例 4】His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.【拓展延伸】介词+关系词的其他情况：
“介词 + 关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词常用 which（指物）或 whom（指人），
即“介词 + which/whom”。
a. 当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词 which 或 whom 不能省略。
【例】In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person, to whom she could turn for
help.
b. “名词 / 代词 + 介词 + 关系代词”结构。
此类结构常见的有“some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most of + which/whom”等。
【例】Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you.【拓展延伸】介词+关系词的其他情况：
关系代词前介词的确定。
a. 依据定语从句中动词的某种固定搭配来确定。
【例】I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved.
b. 根据所表达的意思来确定。
【例】The colorless gas without which we cannot live is oxygen.【巩固提升】1. —Is that the small town you often refer to?
—Right, just the one ________ you know I used to work for years.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. what【巩固提升】2. The best way to make a kid be independent is to put him in a position
________ he has no one else to ask for help.
A. that
B. what
C. where
D. which【巩固提升】3. The earthquake broke out on a day ________ my father left for America,
a day ________ I would never forget.
A. that; when
B. when; when
C. that; which
D. when; that2. 非限制性定语从句
Ø 有逗号；
Ø 不仅可以修饰名词、代词，而且可以修饰整个句子；
The meeting was put off, which gave us more time to prepare.
Ø 关系词不能用that和why，不能省略。
关系代词 关系副词
先行词 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语
人 that/who that/who/whom/不填 when
that/不填 whose where
物 that/which that/which/不填
whyShe and her family bicycle to work, ______ helps them keep fit.
A. which
B. who
C. as
D. thatREVIEW
(1) 限制性定语从句
掌握：
2个表格
关系词常规用法
3组注意
(2) 非限制性定语从句
1个拓展延伸
限制 非限
关系 关系代词 关系副词
先行词 关系代词 先行词
副词
作用
作用
主语 宾语 定语 状语
主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语
whom/ when
who/ whom/
人 who/ 人 who when
that who
that/× that/× whose where whose
which/ which/
物 why 物 which which where
that that/×3组注意：
注意1： 关系代词whose +n = the+ n. + of which/of whom = of which/of whom + the + n.
注意2：
① 当 occasion 做先行词表示 “（特定的） 时刻” 时，关系副词用when。
② 当 point, situation, position, case, condition, stage(阶段)，等词作先行词表示 “情况，
境地，场合”时，关系副词用 where。
注意3： 关系副词（when/where/why）= 介词 + which
1个拓展延伸
介词 + which/whom关系词的特殊用法
(1) 只用that的情况
区别1：that与which/who/whom的区别
(2) 只用which/who/whom的情况
(1) 在限制性定语从句中
区别2：as与which的区别
(2) 在非限制性定语从句中
2组区别
1个固定
固定：先行词是the way 关系词用 that 或 in which 或 省略区别一：that 与 which, who, whom 的用法区别
(1) 只用that的情况：
①先行词为不定代词，或被不定代词等修饰时：包括： （ ）
【例】
all, every, any, no, +thing little, much, few, some...
②先行词被形容词最高级和序数词修饰时
Everything that you want is here.
不定 确定 常识
【例】
③先行词被 修饰时
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
【例】
the only, the very
④先行词既指人又指物时
This is the very place that I am looking for.
【例】
⑤句中已经有 或 ，为了避免重复时
We were all impressed by the people and the beautiful scenery that we saw in Hainan.
【例】
who which
Who is the man that is making a speech?区别一：that 与 which, who, whom 的用法区别
（2）只用 which, who, whom的情况
l 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用 指代物，用 指人
【例】
which who/whom
He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.
l 在 由“介 词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用 指物， 指人
【例】
which whom
I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.
l 先行词本身是 ，指物时，关系词用 ；
先行词为 ，指人时，多用
that which
【例 】
those, one, he who
【例 】
1 What's that which flashed in the sky just now?
2 Those who respect others are usually respected by others.He talked a lot about things and persons ______ they remembered in the school.
A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. what区别一： as与which的区别
（1）限制性定语从句：名词前有so，such，as和the same修饰时，关系代词用as。
Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.
（2）非限制性定语从句：位置上：as 可前可后，which只能置后；
意思上：as有“正如，就像”之意，which没有。
u They won the game, as we had expected.
u They won the game, which we hadn't expected.
u _______ is well known, he was a famous film star in the 1980s.【巩固提升】4. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once
every month.
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What3 . 先 行 词 是 t h e w a y
先行词是 the way, 意为“方式， 方法” 时，且关系词在从句中作状语时， 引导
定语从句的关系词用 that/in which 或省略
【例】I didn't like the way (that / in which/×) she talked to me.整体回顾定语从句做题三步走
~
2
1 3
一“判” 二 “析” 三 “看”
--判断从句类型 --分析从句句子成分 --看先行词，看特殊
情况，确定选项
关系代词VS关系副词
