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理 论 精 讲 - 句 法 2
▹ 讲师：慕伊
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判断下列句子结构
1.
● He shouted loudly.
● He looks happy.
非限中，当先行词指人，关系词在从句中作宾语，关系词可选
2. ___________.
3. whose+n.= _________________ = ___________________.
关系副词
4. why= __________.PART 02
名词性从句
Noun clauses试判断：
定义：起到名词作用的从句
包括：主语从句
宾语从句
1.It looks as if it is going to snow.
表语从句
2.Whoever comes here will be welcome.
同位语从句
3.He asked me which team could win the game.
4.The fact that he lied again greatly surprised us.名词性从句考点
1、从属连词
连接词
2、连接代词
选择
3、连接副词
1、主语从句：位置
2、宾语从句：①that引导 ②陈述语序
③否定转移和反意疑问句
各从句特殊考点
3、表语从句：连接词和结构
4、同位语从句：①连接词 ②与定语从句区别（一）主语从句-三类连接词
①在从句中不充当成分
②不可省略
从属连词
①that 引导主语从句只起引导作用， 本身无实际意义， 在主语从句中不充当任
何成分， 但不能省略。
【例】 That she left him cut him to the heart.
②whether 表“是否”
【例】Whether it will please them is not easy to say.（一）主语从句-三类连接词
在从句中充当主、宾、表、定
连接代词
who, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever
1.what VS. which
【例 1】 What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.
【例 2】 Which side will win is not clear.
注意：what 与 which 的区别：含义、范围
______ he heard yesterday is a secret.
______ man escaped from the prison is still a mystery.（一）主语从句-三类连接词
连接代词
2.who VS. whoever
Ø whoever 的含义是：the person who... 或 anyone who...“无论/不管是谁”
Ø who常保留本身疑问的含义，即“谁”
Whoever will be sent to work there will be given a large house.
Who will be sent to work there hasn’t been decided yet.（一）主语从句-三类连接词
① 在从句中充当状语
连接副词 ② 选用须根据特定语境
when, where, how, why
【例 1】 Why he did it remains a mystery.
【例 2】 How he became a great scientist is known to us all.小贴士：
REVIEW
（1）从属连词
①在从句中不充当成分
1. 从属连词 ②不可省略
（2）连接代词
①在从句中充当主、宾、表、定
连词选择 2. 连接代词
②what/which辨析
③who/whoever辨析
3. 连接副词
（3）连接副词
①在从句中充当状语
②选用须根据特定语境名词性从句连词选择三步走：
Step1.判断是否为名词性从句
主语从句：通常位于谓语动词之前 不缺意思：that
缺意思：相应意思的连接词
宾语从句：通常位于谓语动词、介词、某些形容词之后
表语从句：位于系动词之后
谁：who
同位语从句：通常位于名词后，说明该名词具体内容
哪一个：which
Step2.分析从句成分 无论什么：whatever
什么、所…的、...的...：what
什么时间、什么地点等：when，where...
......
Step3.结合句意，确定最终选项_________was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.
A. That
B. Which
C. Who
D. What1、主语从句：位置
2、宾语从句：（1）that引导
（2）陈述语序
特殊考点 （3）否定转移和反意疑问句
3、表语从句：连接词和结构
4、同位语从句：（1）连接词
（2）与定语从句区别（一）主语从句-主语从句的位置
主语从句位置：
他有两个女朋友是可耻的。
____________________ is shameful.（一）主语从句-主语从句的位置
主语从句位置：
他有两个女朋友是可耻的。
That he has two girlfriends is shameful.（一）主语从句-主语从句的位置
主语从句位置：
他有两个女朋友是可耻的。
That he has two girlfriends is shameful.
It is shameful that he has two girlfriends.（一）主语从句-主语从句的位置
n It +be+表语+主语从句
【例】 It is still uncertain whether he is coming or not.
n It +不及物动词+主语从句
【例】 It doesn’t matter whether he will come or not.
n It +及物动词（被动语态）+主语从句
【例】It is expected that the house price in Beijing will fall down.【巩固提升】2. It is a rule in his family that ________ comes home earlier should cook the
dinner for the family.
A. anybody
B. who
C. who that
D. whoever【巩固提升】3. ________ is known to the world is that China’ s Liu Xiang became the first
Asian in history to win the men’ s 110m hurdles at the Olympic Games.
A. As
B. What
C. That
D. It1、主语从句：位置
2、宾语从句：（1）that引导
（2）陈述句语序
特殊考点
（3）否定转移和反意疑问句
3、表语从句：连接词和结构
4、同位语从句：（1）连接词
（2）与定语从句区别（二）宾语从句-连接词that
1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句
判断：that是否可省
句子结构 例句
①主语+及物动词+that宾语从句 James said that he was feeling better.
She told me that she would accept my
②主语+及物动词+间接宾语+that宾语从句
invitation.
I think that it will clear up this afternoon
③主语+及物动词+并列that宾语从句 and that they will come to say goodbye to
us.（二）宾语从句-连接词that
句子结构 例句
④ 主语+及物动词+to sb.+that从句 He explained to us that he had failed to catch the first bus.
⑤ it 作形式宾语时，that引导的宾 We felt it strange that she should leave without saying
语从句
goodbye.
⑥主语 + 系动词 + 形容词 + that
I am afraid that I’ve made a mistake.
宾语从句
sorry, sure, afraid,anxious, glad, happy, proud, thankful,certain, confident, aware,
ashamed, annoyed,disappointed,determined,surprised,pleased,worried, satisfied,convinced ...2.宾语从句陈述句语序：
“连接代词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分”
I don’t know what they are looking for.
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.【巩固提升】4. —Do you know ________?
—Yes, we’ll take a bus there.
A. when we will go to the museum tomorrow
B. when will we go to the museum tomorrow
C. how we will go to the museum tomorrow
D. how will we go to the museum tomorrow3 . 宾语从句中的否定转移
① 否定转移：
条件1 若主句主语是第一人称
谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等
条件2
条件3 其后的宾语从句含有否定意义
一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式
I think this dress doesn't fit you well. (×)
I don’t think this dress fits you well. ( √ )
She thinks this dress doesn’t fit you well.（? ）
第一人称有想法，宾从否定要转移4 . 宾语从句中的否定转移和反意疑问
② 反意疑问：前肯后否，前否后肯
He is right, isn’t he?
You don’t like her, do you?
主句的主语为第一人称
在变成反意疑问句时，反意疑问句的主谓要与从句一致
I think that he will be back in this weekend, won’t he？
主句的主语为第二或第三人称
在变成反意疑问句时，反意疑问句的主谓与主句一致
She thought that film was not interesting, didn't she?
You think you can't get up, don't you? 第一人称有想法，反意疑问就从句NOTICE：否定转移的反意疑问
主句主语为第一人称，肯定否定看主句
I don’t believe you will finish the work today.
I don't believe you will finish the work today, will you?
I don’t expect that she can come,_______?
She thinks this dress doesn’t fit you well,_________?补充：反意疑问句的回答
--He is right, isn’t he?
试一试：
--Yes, he is./ No, he isn’t. --You don’t smoke, do you?
--_____. I have never smoked a cigarette before.
A. Yes, I don’t.
--He isn’t right, is he?
B. No, I don’t
--Yes, he is./ No, he isn’t.
C. Yes, I do.
D. No, I do.
根据事实回答补充：宾语从句的时态
（1）主句是一般现在时，从句可以根据实际情况使用任何时态。“主现从不限”
【例】The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
（2）主句是一般过去时，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。“主过从必过”
【例】She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
（3）当宾语从句表示的是客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时。
“客观事实永为现”
【例】The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.I don’t think that the necklace is made of diamond,________?
A. do I
B. do you
C. isn’t it
D. is it1、主语从句：位置
2、宾语从句：（1）that引导
（2）陈述句语序
特殊考点 （3）否定转移和反意疑问句
3、表语从句：连接词和结构
4、同位语从句：（1）连接词
（2）与定语从句区别（三）表语从句-连接词
连接词及结构：
① 连接词：as if，because
It looked as if it was going to snow.
② 一般结构：主语+系动词+表语从句
常见接表语从句的系动词有 be, look, remain, seem 等
The trouble is that he has lost his money.（三）表语从句-其他常见结构
（1）The reason … is that…
【例】The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
（2）That is because…
【例】That's because we never thought of it.
（3）That is why…
【例】That is why I cannot agree.【巩固提升】One reason for her preference for this school is ________, as she put it, it can
provide for her future development.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. it1、主语从句：位置
2、宾语从句：（1）that引导
（2）陈述句语序
特殊考点 （3）否定转移和反意疑问句
3、表语从句：连接词和结构
4、同位语从句：（1）连接词
（2）与定语从句区别（四）同位语从句
1. 一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容
2 . 常 见 的 可 以 跟 同 位 语 从 句 的 词 （ 抽 象 名 词 ）
fact, promise, news, idea, question, doubt, thought, hope, message, suggestion,word (消息), possibility...
Ø I've come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.
3. 连接词：if, which不能引导同位语从句
*注意：有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开，如：
Several years later, word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.4. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别
(1)与前面名词的关系
• 同位语从句：与前面的名词是同位关系， 说明、解释它前面名词的内容
• 定语从句：与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系， 限定前面名词范围
The news that I have passed the exam is true.
The news that he told me just now is true.4. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别
(2) that 在从句中的作用
• 同位语从句：that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分
• 定语从句：that是关系代词，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
The idea that he gave surprises many people.【2018上· 高中】The message came to the villagers ________ the enemy had
already fled the village.
A. which
B. who
C. that
D. whereSUMMARY
1、从属连词
连词
2、连接代词
选择
3、连接副词
名词性
1、主语从句：位置
从句
2、宾语从句：①that引导 ②陈述句语序
③否定转移和反意疑问句
各从句特殊考点
3、表语从句：连接词和结构
4、同位语从句：①连接词 ②与定语从句区别名词性从句解题思路
~
2
1 3
一“判” 二 “析” 三 “看”
--判断从句类型
--分析从句句子成分
看句意
看特殊情况
连接代词VS从属连词、
连接副词
