文档内容
专题 05 阅读理解之议论文 12 篇
（23-24高二上·北京石景山·期末）There exist cruel wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, so it’s not
only necessary, but also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us tide through difficult times in our
lives. Putting a smile on someone’s face when you know they are feeling depressed, as the saying goes, makes me
feel good and warms my heart.
How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife, husband, child, co-worker, neighbor, close
friend, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at your corner store? I am always saying things that
make others smile or laugh, even if I don’t know the person I’m joking around with. My Grandma always found
humor in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine. This not only relieves stress in any
situation, but also is common courtesy (礼貌) to speak to others that are around you.
I know of a few people that don’t have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say. Everyone around them could
be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face.
They don’t get the joke that makes others laugh. I am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at me as if I
were from outer space. How can people not get a really funny joke?
Laughing is essential to keeping your stress levels under control. Without humor we would find ourselves with
a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. There is too much sadness in
this present world. It drives people crazy. We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and bring a little light into
our lives. So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing
together.
1．What is the author’s attitude towards the present world?
A．Positive. B．Satisfied. C．Critical. D．Indifferent.
2．The author answers the question in the second paragraph with .
A．evidence and argument B．opinions and persuasion
C．examples and conclusion D．descriptions and analysis
3．The phrase “busting a gut” underlined in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by .
A．speaking loudly B．laughing hard
C．acting strangely D．explaining carefully
4．In writing the passage, the author mainly intends to .
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司A．talk about his own understanding of humor
B．introduce a practical way to get through daily life
C．encourage people to make jokes about serious matters
D．convince people of the power of being optimistic about life
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是幽默和笑的重要性。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“There exist cruel wars, fighting and sadness in the world today(当今世界存在着
残酷的战争、战斗和悲伤)”可知，作者对当今世界持批评的态度，故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I don’t know
the person I’m joking around with. My Grandma always found humor in everything she did, even if it was the
hardest job anyone could imagine. This not only relieves stress in any situation, but also is common courtesy (礼貌)
to speak to others that are around you.(我总是说一些让别人微笑或大笑的话，即使我不知道和我开玩笑的人
是谁。我奶奶总是在她做的每件事中找到幽默，即使那是任何人能想象到的最困难的工作。这不仅在任何
情况下都能缓解压力，而且对你周围的人说话也是一种礼貌。)”可知，第二段用证据来说明幽默的好处，
因此是通过证据与论证来回答第二段的问题，故选A。
3．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke
and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face. They don’t get the joke that makes others laugh.
(他们周围的每个人都可能在听到一个很棒的笑话后在地板上打滚，他们会坐在那里，脸上没有一丝微笑。
他们听不懂让别人发笑的笑话。)”和“while they just sit there(而他们只是坐在那里)”可知，作者听到笑话会
笑得很厉害，划线短语busting a gut的意思是“大笑”。故选B。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and bring a little
light into our lives. So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun
laughing together.(我们都需要找到一种方法来绕过悲伤，给我们的生活带来一点光明。所以，我相信我们
最好的药是聚在一起，讲一些笑话，一起笑得开心。)”可知，本文作者给大家论述了幽默和笑的重要性，
因此目的是让人们相信对生活保持乐观的力量。故选D。
（23-24高二上·广东广州·期末）The need of plus-size consumers has long been the elephant in the room of the
fashion industry until body positivity and fat acceptance movements promoted that large-bodied people are not those
who are left behind. This trend has become so popular that it is influencing mainstream culture. As a result, fashion
brands have finally decided to expand their size ranges. In 2022, the plus-size market grew twice as fast as the
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司standard size market in both North America and the UK.
Yet, many consumers say fashion brands broadening their ranges are not truly inclusive (包容的). “Inclusive
sizing means that all bodies are included in fashion, not just the ones who fit in standard sizes,” says Marie North, a
UK-based journalist who covers body-image issues. “However, what many designers do right now is pick a number
that they think is big enough to include plus sizes and stop. This is even more disrespectful.”
Researchers also criticize (批评) that some brands are just taking advantage of the trend. “Brands that used to
promote so-called perfect bodies in their advertisements are now trying to get in on the trend by adding a few sizes.
It doesn’t feel like they really care about plus-size people,” says Michael Burgess, analyst in fashion industry. “If
brands cared about large-bodied consumers, then it wouldn’t have taken until now to acknowledge that they exist,”
he says. “It gives the impression that companies are just trying to gain a share of the market without a real devotion
to the community.”
The fashion industry must go beyond merely producing clothing in a range of sizes if they hope to succeed
with a body-diverse world. The whole industry has to connect on a personal level with consumers. That involves
showing shoppers that they are seen, understood and important to brands. “Consumers care about values, and so they
want to buy from brands that reflect the values they believe in. Everyone should enjoy the same range of fashion
choices,” says Ludovica Ospina, professor of marketing at the College of Business.
1．What do the underlined words “the elephant in the room” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Hardly satisfied. B．Socially accepted.
C．Widely promoted. D．Obvious but ignored.
2．What is Marie North’s attitude towards the all-size trend?
A．Unclear. B．Negative. C．Puzzled. D．Cautious.
3．For what are some brands criticized by researchers?
A．Their motivation. B．Their promotion.
C．Their devotion. D．Their advertisement.
4．What should fashion industry do in a body-diverse world?
A．Provide more fashion choices.
B．Show respect to the consumers.
C．Produce clothes in various sizes.
D．Build private relationships with customers.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了时尚行业在面对大尺码消费者需求时的变化。尽管一些品牌扩大
了尺码范围，但有批评指出它们可能只是跟随潮流，缺乏真正的包容性。研究人员和消费者强调，时尚行
业需要更深入地与消费者建立联系，展示对各种身体和价值观的尊重。
1．词句猜测题。根据文章划线短语the elephant in the room后的内容“until body positivity and fat acceptance
movements promoted that large-bodied people are not those who are left behind.(直到身体积极向上和接受肥胖
的运动促使人们意识到，身材魁伟的人不应该是那些被忽视的人)”可知，新的口号的是“身材魁梧的人不
应该被忽视”，由此推知，这些身材魁伟的消费者原来一直是“被忽视”的。但划线短语中“the elephant
(大象)”却是如此明显的存在，由此推知，此处划线短语the elephant in the room的意思“显而易见却被忽视
的事实”，与“obvious but ignored”意思相近。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中Marie North的话“Inclusive sizing means that all bodies are included in
fashion, not just the ones who fit in standard sizes,(包容性尺码意味着所有人的身材都被纳入时尚，而不仅仅
是那些符合标准尺码的人)”和第段中“However, what many designers do right now is pick a number that they
think is big enough to include plus sizes and stop. This is even more disrespectful.(然而，许多设计师现在所做的
是选择一个他们认为足够大的数字来包括大码，然后就此打住。这更不尊重人)”可知，Marie North对“全
码”趋势持否定态度。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Researchers also criticize (批评) that some brands are just taking advantage of
the trend. “Brands that used to promote so-called perfect bodies in their advertisements are now trying to get in on
the trend by adding a few sizes. It doesn’t feel like they really care about plus-size people,” says Michael Burgess,
analyst in fashion industry.(研究人员还批评说，一些品牌只是在利用这一趋势。“过去在广告中宣传所谓完
美身材的品牌，现在正试图加入这一潮流，增加几个尺码。他们感觉不像是真的关心大码人，”时尚行业
分析师迈克尔•伯吉斯表示)”可知，研究人员批评了一些品牌的动机，认为他们只是想利用这一潮流来获益。
故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The fashion industry must go beyond merely producing clothing in a range
of sizes if they hope to succeed with a body-diverse world. The whole industry has to connect on a personal level
with consumers. That involves showing shoppers that they are seen, understood and important to brands.(如果时尚
行业希望在身材多样化的世界中取得成功，就必须超越仅仅生产各种尺码的服装。整个行业必须在个人层
面上与消费者建立联系。这包括向消费者表明，消费者被看到了，被理解了，同时对品牌很重要)”可知，
文章建议在一个身体多样化的世界里，时尚行业应该看到消费者，理解消费者，并让消费者知道他们对品
牌很重要。由此推知，时尚行业应该做的是尊重消费者。故选B项。
（23-24高二上·四川达州·期末）There is no doubt that artificial intelligence—or AI—has become an important
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司part of our lives. It is no longer just a thing of science fiction: it’s an incredible technological breakthrough that has
changed the way we live. But there are fears that AI has become too intelligent and could be a threat to humanity.
This claim might sound extreme, but a letter signed by more than 1,000 technology experts, including Tesla boss
Elon Musk, called on the world to press pause (暂停) on the development of more advanced AI because of the risks.
Estonian billionaire Jaan Tallinn, for example, who helped develop communication app Skype, thinks we should be
cautious. Also The Future of Life Institute, a not-for-profit organization, says that there should be a temporary pause to
control the speed of advanced AI development and that “AI systems with human-competitive intelligence can cause
profound risks to society and humans.”
This negative view is supported by a report by investment bank Goldman Sachs that says AI could replace the
equivalent of 300 million full-time jobs. But it may also mean new jobs and a productivity bonanza. We may argue
that AI such as chatbots can help us. State-of-the-art ChatGPT, for example, has been helping some students write
assignments. AI is allowing computers to think or act in a more human way. And machine learning means computers
can learn what to do without being given evident instructions. The technology is impressive, but as it starts to think
for itself, will it outsmart us?
However, the founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates, has called on governments to work with industry to “limit the
risks” of AI. He says, “Just as the world needs its brightest people focused on its biggest problems, we will need to
focus the world’s best AIs on its biggest problems.” If this happens, maybe humanity will have a future.
1．What is the major fear that AI causes?
A．It will change our life completely. B．It will cause many job losses.
C．It will be too intelligent to control. D．It will replace many other technologies.
2．What did the technology experts demand?
A．Slowing the development of AI. B．Stopping the using of AI.
C．Building a not-for-profit organization. D．Helping develop communication app Skype.
3．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “bonanza” in paragraph 3?
A．Increase. B．Innovation. C．Problem. D．Expense.
4．Why does the author quote Bill Gates’ words?
A．To call on joint efforts of government and industries.
B．To expect Bill Gates’ company to make the best AIs.
C．To encourage more talented people to work with Bill Gates.
D．To express an optimistic attitude towards the AI development.
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。人工智能已经成为人们生活中的重要部分，但有人担心人工智能太过聪明并
且会威胁人类。针对这个话题，本文讲述了持有消极态度和积极态度的两种不同观点。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But there are fears that AI has become too intelligent and could be a threat to
humanity.(但也有人担心，人工智能已经变得过于智能，可能对人类构成威胁。)”可知，人工智能造成的主
要担忧是它会变得太过聪明以至于难以控制。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This claim might sound extreme, but a letter signed by more than 1,000
technology experts, including Tesla boss Elon Musk, called on the world to press pause(暂停) on the development
of more advanced AI because of the risks.(这一说法听起来可能有些极端，但包括特斯拉老板埃隆·马斯克在
内的1000多名技术专家签署了一封信，呼吁全世界暂停开发更先进的人工智能，因为存在风险。)”可知，
技术专家们要求减缓人工智能的开发进程。故选A。
3．词义猜测题。根据and前的“new jobs”可知，人工智能可以带来新的工作，再结合画线词前的
productivity可知，这里应是说人工智能可以促进生产力提升，bonanza与increase(增长)意思最接近。故选
A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“However, the founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates, has called on
governments to work with industry to ‘limit the risks’ of AI.(然而，微软创始人比尔·盖茨呼吁各国政府与工业
界合作‘限制人工智能的风险’。)”可知，比尔·盖茨呼吁主动限制人工智能的风险，而不是像第二段中提
到的技术专家们呼吁暂停开发AI，再结合他的话“Just as the world needs its brightest people focused on its
biggest problems, we will need to focus the world’s best AIs on its biggest problems.(正如世界需要最聪明的人专
注于最大的问题一样，我们也需要让世界上最好的人工智能专注于最大问题。)”可推测出，引述比尔·盖茨
的话是为了表达对AI发展的乐观态度。故选D。
（23-24高二上·全国·期末）Digital technologies have profoundly changed childhood and adolescence. The
Internet and the means to access it, such as tablets and smartphones, along with social media platforms and messaging
apps, have become integral to the lives of youth around the world. They have transformed their education and learning,
the way they make and maintain friendships, how they spend their leisure time, and their engagement with wider
society. UNICEF’s State of the World’s Children 2017: Children in a Digital World report reveals that one in three
Internet users is younger than 18 years and 71% of 15-24-year-olds are online, making them the most connected age
group worldwide. However, the so-called digital divide is substantial: 346 million youth are not online, with African
adolescents the most affected(60% are not connected compared with 4% in Europe). Young people who lack digital
skills, live in remote regions, or speak a minority language are also being left behind in exploiting the opportunities
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司that digital technologies can provide. These benefits include access to education, training, and jobs, which can help
break intergenerational cycles of poverty, and access to news and information sources that can help protect their
health, safety, and rights.
Along with the substantial opportunities the digital age brings, come a diverse range of risks and harms. Digital
advances have meant that bullying is no longer left at the school gates; cyberbullying is a new method for bullies to
hurt and humiliate their victims with the click of a button. Words and images posted online that are designed to cause
harm are also difficult to delete, increasing the risk of re-victimisation. Concerns have also been raised about the time
children spend using digital technology and its effect on their physical activity and mental health. Evidence suggests
moderate use of digital technology can be beneficial to children’s mental wellbeing, whereas excessive use can be
detrimental. Children’s social relationships seem to be enhanced by digital technology, especially since most of their
social circle is now online. Evidence on physical activity is mixed, and better research is needed in this area. The
effect of the content children encounter online should be a focus of future studies. Some websites and apps present a
risk to the health of vulnerable youth, such as those that promote self-harm and suicide. Others support underage
activities, such as gambling.
Despite these issues, the popularity and use of digital technologies will continue to grow. Teachers and parents
need training to teach digital skills and online safety to children. They are also crucial to helping young people assess
reliable news and information sources and navigate the pressures on social media.
Children and adolescents have the most to gain and are most at risk from digital technologies. They must be at
the forefront of national and global digital policies, not only to protect them from online harm but also to allow
technology to help them fulfil their full potential.
1．According to the first paragraph, what makes the author concerned?
A．The increasing number of people affected by the digital technology.
B．The widening gap between the rich and the poor caused by technology.
C．The lack of attention to the young with little access to opportunities.
D．The negative effect of technology on children physically and mentally.
2．What can be inferred from the second paragraph?
A．There is no safe place for children being bullied in digital world.
B．Digital technology benefits children’s physical and mental health.
C．It’s necessary to teach children to tell right from wrong.
D．People should be taught about safe digital behaviours.
3．The underlined word “detrimental” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “________”.
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司A．profound B．addicted
C．harmful D．stressful
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．Neither Too Little nor Too Much B．A Healthy Mind in a Healthy Body
C．Technology Changes Our Lives D．Digital Technology Is Here to Stay
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是数字技术对青少年有好的作用，也有不好的影响，但是数字技术
会一直存在，它对于帮助年轻人评估可靠的新闻和信息来源以及应对社交媒体上的压力也至关重要。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Young people who lack digital skills, live in remote regions, or speak a
minority language are also being left behind in exploiting the opportunities that digital technologies can provide.
These benefits include access to education, training, and jobs, which can help break intergenerational cycles of
poverty, and access to news and information sources that can help protect their health, safety, and rights.(缺乏数字
技能、生活在偏远地区或说少数民族语言的年轻人在利用数字技术所能提供的机会方面也被落在了后面。
这些福利包括获得教育、培训和就业机会，这有助于打破贫困的代际循环，以及获得新闻和信息来源，有
助于保护他们的健康、安全和权利。)”可知，让作者感到担忧的是科技导致的贫富差距不断扩大。故选
B。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Digital advances have meant that bullying is no longer left at the school gates;
cyberbullying is a new method for bullies to hurt and humiliate their victims with the click of a button. Words and
images posted online that are designed to cause harm are also difficult to delete, increasing the risk of re-
victimisation.(数字技术的进步意味着欺凌行为不再被留在学校门口；网络欺凌是一种欺凌者只需点击一个
按钮就能伤害和羞辱受害者的新方法。网上发布的旨在造成伤害的文字和图片也很难删除，这增加了再次
受害的风险。)”可知，在数字世界中被欺负的孩子们没有安全的地方，故选A。
3．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Evidence suggests moderate use of digital technology can be beneficial to
children’s mental wellbeing(有证据表明，适度使用数字技术对儿童的心理健康有益)”和“whereas excessive
use(然而过度使用)”及常理可知，划线词所在句子表示“有证据表明，适度使用数字技术对儿童的心理健
康有益，而过度使用则可能有害”，划线词detrimental的意思是“有害的”，和harmful意思相近，故选
C。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段的“Despite these issues, the popularity and use of digital
technologies will continue to grow. Teachers and parents need training to teach digital skills and online safety to
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司children. They are also crucial to helping young people assess reliable news and information sources and navigate
the pressures on social media.(尽管存在这些问题，数字技术的普及和使用将继续增长。教师和家长需要接受
培训，向儿童传授数字技能和网络安全知识。它们对于帮助年轻人评估可靠的新闻和信息来源以及应对社
交媒体上的压力也至关重要。)”和最后一段的“Children and adolescents have the most to gain and are most at
risk from digital technologies. They must be at the forefront of national and global digital policies, not only to
protect them from online harm but also to allow technology to help them fulfil their full potential.(儿童和青少年从
数字技术中获益最多，面临的风险也最大。他们必须站在国家和全球数字政策的最前沿，不仅要保护他们
免受在线伤害，还要让技术帮助他们充分发挥潜力。)”可知，本文主要讲的是数字技术对青少年有好的作
用，也有不好的影响，但是数字技术会一直存在，它对于帮助年轻人评估可靠的新闻和信息来源以及应对
社交媒体上的压力也至关重要，因此最好的标题是D选项“Digital Technology Is Here to Stay(数字技术将继
续存在)”。故选D。
（23-24高二上·广东揭阳·期末）What does music mean to you? Do you use it to help relieve stress, anxiety
and fall asleep to? For many, the value of music is endless, and scientists and Nobel winners are no exception. From
seeing problems in a new way to developing discipline (自律), expressing creativity to working as a team, music has
helped many winners in both work and life.
Music has often helped Nobel winners think and process scientific information in a new way. Albert Einstein
was influenced by his mother who taught him to play the violin at a very early age. He was especially fond of Mozart,
Bach and Schubert. For Einstein, music worked as a brainstorming technique to help him reflect on his theories and
solve difficulties he met with. Einstein’s scientific ideas were often firstly created in the shape of images and
intuition (直觉), which music later helped to turn into mathematics, logic (逻辑) and words.
Besides helping them reflect on scientifically complex problems, music has helped Nobel winners learn discipline
and the importance of a creative mind. For Thomas Südhof’s awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine,
music gave him important inputs and ideas. Südhof mostly enjoys classical music by masters like Mozart, which
requires a creative mind as well as great discipline. It is said that these two factors shaped Südhof’s development as
a scientist.
Furthermore, the cooperation between the members of a music band can be compared with the team effort found
within a research group. According to Medicine winner James Allison, it is necessary in both fields to build a team
where each individual makes their own contribution to the overall work. However, it is important that the
communication between the members work so smoothly that each individual also knows what needs to be done to
achieve breakthroughs. As James Allison states, “Every now and then my lab has been as well tuned—it feels like a
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司really good band”—the concept of great team work leading to great success can be applied to both science and
music.
1．What does the passage mainly tell us?
A．Music inspires a team to work together.
B．Music helps to relieve stress and anxiety.
C．Scientists worked together with the help of music.
D．Music helps scientists to achieve scientific success.
2．What did Einstein and Südhof have in common?
A．They both valued discipline.
B．They both liked classical music.
C．They studied the same area of science.
D．Intuition often came first to their mind.
3．What does the underlined part in the last paragraph mean?
A．The lab members enjoy music.
B．The lab has made breakthroughs.
C．The lab works through great teamwork.
D．The lab members understand each other.
4．How did the author prove his or her opinion?
A．By comparing different ideas. B．By giving supporting examples.
C．By doing musical experiments. D．By referring to famous sayings.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了音乐对科学家团队协作的作用
1．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“For many, the value of music is endless, and scientists and Nobel winners are
no exception. From seeing problems in a new way to developing discipline (自律), expressing creativity to working
as a team, music has helped many winners in both work and life.(对许多人来说，音乐的价值是无穷无尽的，科
学家和诺贝尔奖得主也不例外。从以新的方式看待问题到发展纪律，从表达创造力到团队合作，音乐帮助
了许多工作和生活中的成功者)”可知，本文主要介绍了音乐对科学家们团队合作的重要作用。故选C项。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Albert Einstein was influenced by his mother who taught him to play the
violin at a very early age. He was especially fond of Mozart, Bach and Schubert. For Einstein, music worked as a
brainstorming technique to help him reflect on his theories and solve difficulties he met with.(阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司在很小的时候就受到母亲的影响，母亲教他拉小提琴。他特别喜欢莫扎特、巴赫和舒伯特。对爱因斯坦来
说，音乐是一种头脑风暴的技巧，帮助他反思自己的理论，解决遇到的困难)”以及第三段“Südhof mostly
enjoys classical music by masters like Mozart, which requires a creative mind as well as great discipline.( Südhof
主要喜欢莫扎特等大师的古典音乐，这需要创造性的思维和良好的纪律)”可知，Einstein和Südhof都喜欢
古典音乐。故选B项。
3．词义猜测题。根据“it feels like a really good band(感觉就像一支很棒的乐队)”可知，James Allison的实
验室就像真正的乐队一样，那说明实验室的人都能和乐队成员一样配合得很好，有良好的团队合作。故选
C项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第二、三、四段可知，文章主要通过Einstein、Südhof和James Allison等人的例
子来论证作者观点。故选B项。
（23-24高二上·江苏南通·期末）Time and time again, you hear someone ask why anyone would want to keep
an “ugly” building or a building that is dirty and clearly in need of work or such a simple, uninteresting building. I
guess you could say we preservationists look at buildings through a different lens that can see the swan in the ugly
duckling. Looking back on the years of dirt and neglect, we’ll realize that it’s our job as preservationists to teach
people about the lessons learned from our historic resources. This is no doubt something we can always work harder
on.
Take the Queen Emma Building for example. While people may remember that building being named as one of
the ugliest buildings in town, the angle from which a preservationist will view the building is that it is uniquely
constructed with an artistical brise-soleil to block the sun. The designer used standard concrete bricks to form a
decorative wall. Unfortunately, the brise-soleil was removed in 2011, making the building look like many of the
contemporary buildings in town.
Sometimes people remember a beautiful site that was replaced by a “horrid” piece of architecture and can’t get
over their anger, even when that building becomes an important part of our story. This is particularly true in San
Francisco, where many preservationists themselves dislike anything newer than the Victorian1 era. Yes, it was a
tragedy (悲剧) that many failed to appreciate the Victorian buildings and let many get torn down several decades ago,
but those losses also tell another important story. It tells the story of the 1950s and 1960s when there was hope for a
more equal society with inexpensive housing for the working class. Should that history be wiped from our
memories?
Preservation is not just about keeping pretty, well-kept buildings, but is meant to convey parts of our history.
Our history, our collective history. Not just the history of huge events of World War Il or Statehood, but the story of
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司how everyone used to go to a certain corner market or how the people lived in the segregated (隔离的) plantation
town and ultimately enjoyed a more egalitarian (平等主义的) living. Our history cannot be told only in buildings
that meet someone’s criteria of beauty; sometimes our history is painful, but no less important.
1．What can we learn about preservationists from Paragraph 1?
A．They prefer ugly buildings to beautiful ones.
B．They pay great attention to modern buildings.
C．They are devoted to repairing famous buildings.
D．They focus on the value rather than the appearance.
2．What does the author think of removing the brise-soleil of the Queen Emma Building?
A．It’s confusing.
B．It’s pleasing.
C．It’s regrettable.
D．It’s unbelievable.
3．Why were many Victorian buildings in San Francisco torn down?
A．To wipe the history of the Victorian era.
B．To make land available for cheap housing.
C．To work off the deep anger of the working class.
D．To restore the architecture before the Victorian era.
4．What might be the best title for the text?
A．Are ugly buildings worth preserving?
B．Is preservationists’ work meaningless?
C．Why do architects make ugly buildings?
D．What buildings are of historical value?
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章告诉读者为什么丑陋的建筑值得保存。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“I guess you could say we preservationists look at buildings through a different
lens that can see the swan in the ugly duckling. Looking back on the years of dirt and neglect, we’ll realize that it’s
our job as preservationists to teach people about the lessons learned from our historic resources.(我认为你可以说，
我们保护主义者通过不同的镜头看建筑，可以看到丑小鸭中的天鹅。回顾这尘封和被忽视的岁月，我们会
意识到，作为保护主义者，我们的工作是让人们从我们的历史资源中吸取教训)”可知，保护主义者关注的
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司是建筑的价值而不是外观。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Unfortunately, the brise-soleil was removed in 2011, making the building look
like many of the contemporary buildings in town.(不幸的是，2011年，遮阳板被拆除，使得这座建筑看起来像
城里的许多当代建筑)”可知，作者拆除艾玛女王大厦的遮阳板是遗憾地的事情。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Yes, it was a tragedy (悲剧) that many failed to appreciate the Victorian
buildings and let many get torn down several decades ago, but those losses also tell another important story. It tells
the story of the 1950s and 1960s when there was hope for a more equal society with inexpensive housing for the
working class.(是的，这是一个悲剧，许多人没有欣赏维多利亚时代的建筑，让许多在几十年前被拆除，但
这些损失也讲述了另一个重要的故事。它讲述了20世纪50年代和60年代的故事，当时人们希望建立一个
更平等的社会，为工人阶级提供廉价的住房)”可知，旧金山很多维多利亚时代的建筑被拆除，是为了腾出
土地为工人阶级建造廉价住房。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段提出问题“why anyone would want to keep an ‘ugly’ building or
a building that is dirty and clearly in need of work or such a simple, uninteresting building.(为什么会有人想要保
留一个“丑陋”的建筑，或者一个很脏很明显需要修缮的建筑，或者一个如此简单，无趣的建筑)”，最后
一段给出答案“Preservation is not just about keeping pretty, well-kept buildings, but is meant to convey parts of
our history.(保护不仅仅是保持漂亮、保存完好的建筑，而是要传达我们的历史)”，由此推知，“丑陋的建
筑值得保存吗?”是文章的主题，也是最佳标题。故选A项。
（23-24高二上·吉林长春·期末）When you look through Facebook, you can see posts about simple stretches
to make the back pain less, how to make apple pie, and how to be single and happy. Or if you go on Youtube, you
can find fashion experts talking about makeup tips, or Youtubers teaching playing the guitar. But those stretching
exercises, the way to make apple pie, how to be happy being single, how to make up, and how to play the guitar better
are things that most people never master doing at the end.
Technology has brought a surplus (过剩) of information to the world, but it hasn’t made people smarter. On
average, people spend 50 minutes per day on Facebook alone. Being exposed to this surplus information is not the
same as internalizing (内在化) the information really, so it doesn’t make people better at thinking, understanding and
learning.
Today, the quality of the knowledge is sacrificed for quantity. There’s disequilibrium between the information
we access and the information that we use. The chase (追求) for more information is exciting too. The desire to keep
up sends most people looking through Facebook on a frequent basis. People are troubled by the fear of missing out.
Most are up to date on impressive stories, and are sharing like mad on Facebook and WhatsApp, but convenient
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司access to knowledge is no replacement for deep learning through effort and concentration. Only very little of the
easily-accessed information have people really applied in their lives.
While it’d be perfect to absorb and apply 100% of the information, it’s not quite possible. If you want to hang
onto information for a long time, you’ll need to be selective about what you choose to absorb.
Get a brain filter (过滤器). Looking through the Internet is a passive form of knowledge acquisition (知识的
获得). The amount of information that you can access is always going to be more than you can process. To focus
on the information you take in, remove the information that doesn’t make you become better than before. What must
you learn to be successful? Taking this simple step enables you to pass over unrelated information.
Knowledge isn’t useful until you can apply it. If you are trying to learn a new skill, you’ll have to do the things
that you’ve read about in your research. Until you’ve made many attempts to master the ski-trick you saw on Youtube,
you haven’t internalized it. When you can land the trick without thinking or recall information without struggling, it
is yours. True learning is not always easy. You’ll experience struggles as you deal with new challenges and go through
the Digital Age.
1．Why doesn’t exposure to the surplus information make people smarter?
A．Because people take in some useless information.
B．Because people ignore the real value of information
C．Because people don’t master the information truly.
D．Because people have no ability to select useful information.
2．What does the underlined word “disequilibrium” mean?
A．Division. B．Link. C．Comparison. D．Imbalance.
3．What do you know about the brain filter?
A．It will help you update the information.
B．It will make the brain absorb more information.
C．Its purpose is to filter out information that won’t improve you.
D．It can bring some unrelated information to the brain.
4．What does the example of skiing in Para.6 suggest?
A．Information should be taken into the real world and be applied.
B．Knowledge is only meant to be known, not be applied.
C．Information absorption differs from practical application.
D．Most people have never learned how to learn properly.
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是在当今的信息时代，你获得了大量的信息，但这并不等于你掌握
了相关技能，将知识内化为自己的东西还需要你坚持练习。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段的“But those stretching exercises, the way to make apple pie, how to be happy
being single, how to make up, and how to play the guitar better are things that most people never master doing at
the end.(但是那些伸展运动，做苹果派的方法，单身时如何快乐起来，如何化妆，以及如何更好地弹吉他，
这些事情大多数人到最后都没有掌握)”和第二段的“Being exposed to this surplus information is not the same
as internalizing (内在化) the information really, so it doesn’t make people better at thinking, understanding and
learning.(接触这些多余的信息并不等同于内化这些信息，所以这并不能让人们更好地思考、理解和学习)”
可知，接触多余的信息不能让人更聪明是因为人们并没有真正掌握信息。故选C。
2．词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“Only very little of the easily-accessed information have people really applied
in their lives.(在这些容易获取的信息中，只有很少一部分真正被人们应用到生活中)”可知，划线词所在的句
子表示“我们获取的信息和我们使用的信息之间存在着不平衡”，划线词disequilibrium的意思是“不平
衡”，和imbalance意思相近，故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The amount of information that you can access is always going to be more
than you can process. To focus on the information you take in, remove the information that doesn’t make you
become better than before.(你能获取的信息量总是大于你能处理的信息量。要专注于你吸收的信息，删除那
些不能让你变得比以前更好的信息)”可知，大脑过滤器的目的是过滤掉不能帮助你提高的信息。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Knowledge isn’t useful until you can apply it. If you are trying to learn a
new skill, you’ll have to do the things that you’ve read about in your research.(知识只有能应用才有用。如果你
想学习一项新技能，你必须做你在研究中读到的事情)”可推断出，第6段中滑雪的例子说明了信息应该被
带入现实世界并加以应用。故选A。
（23-24高二上·北京平谷·期末）In many languages, the word for “mother/mom” takes an m-sound. Is there
any reason for such near-universality?
Linguists(语言学家) generally argue for “the arbitrariness of the sign”: no connection exists between the word
dog and the furry quadruped. A rare exception is onomatopoeia, where words representing the bark of a dog (bow-
wow) and the buzz made by a bee are more or less similar to the sound. Yet most things are not subject to naming
this way.
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司What about mama? It does not sound like a mother, but the fact is that some sounds are more widespread than
others around the world. There are many dozens of observed consonants which are rare and hard for non-natives to
learn.
In contrast, a few—such as b, m, p, t, d and k—show up far more frequently, in nearly every spoken language in
the world. That is almost certainly because they are easy to make. A baby vocalising will, at first, make a vowel-like
sound, usually something like “ah”, which requires little in the way of control over the mouth. If they briefly close
their mouth and continue vocalising, air will come out of their nose, thus making the m-sound that is used in “mother”
around the world.
Though the “mamas” bear the most obvious similarity, the “papas” have striking commonalities, too. Babies
can easily stop their breath when they close their lips (rather than going on breathing through the nose). This produces a
b-or a p-sound. It is surely for this reason that so many names for “father” use these consonants: papa in English, abb
in Arabic and baba in Mandarin. T-and d-sounds are similarly basic, involving a simple tap of the tongue against the
teeth: hence daddy, tatay (Tagalog) or tayta (Quechua).
Father and mother are, therefore, an oddity. F-is not especially easy to utter(发音); th-sounds are even harder.
English, Greek and Spanish are unusual in having them. Even Anglophone children may struggle with th-sounds
when they are five, or older still in many cases.
Anyway, it is hard to find linguistic universals amid the world’s dazzling variety.
1．What does the underlined word “quadruped” in Paragraph 2 most probably refer to?
A．Pronunciation B．Sound C．Bee D．Animal
2．“Mamas” and “papas” are used so universally because ________.
A．the sounds of the two words sound alike
B．air will come out of baby’s mouth directly
C．the sounds can be easily and naturally uttered
D．babies can continue their breath when closing their lips
3．According to the passage, which of the following words might be the most difficult to articulate?
A．Forthcoming. B．Programme. C．Magnificent. D．Magazine.
4．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Inspiration from babies’ smile and talks.
B．Linguists’ efforts to the research of sounds.
C．Connection between the word mum and dad.
D．Reasons for similar sounds in unrelated languages.
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章主要在探讨在不同的语言中，一些相似的发音存在的原因是什么。
1．词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句“no connection exists between the word dog and the furry quadruped.”（单
词dog和毛茸茸的 quadruped之间没有任何联系。）及句中“dog”和“furry”（长毛的）可知，划线词应该
是指和狗一样的长毛的动物。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段“ a few—such as b, m, p, t, d and k—show up far more frequently, in nearly every
spoken language in the world. That is almost certainly because they are easy to make.”（有少数几个，比如b、
m、p、t、d和k，在世界上几乎每一种口语中出现的频率都要高得多，这几乎可以肯定是因为它们容易发
出。）可知，“Mamas”和“Papas”被如此普遍使用是因为它们会很容易、很自然地被发出读音。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“F-is not especially easy to utter(发音); th-sounds are even harder.”（F -不是特
别容易发音；th音更难发音。）可知，选项A中的含有“F”和“th”，所以最难清晰地发音。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In many languages, the word for “mother/mom” takes an m-sound. Is there any
reason for such near-universality?”（在许多语言中，““mother/mom”这个词带有m音，这种近乎普遍的现
象有什么原因吗?）并结合全文可知，本文主要在讨论许多发音普遍存在于不同的语言中的原因。故选D。
（23-24高二上·四川宜宾·期末）I am a big laugher. I’ve been told that even in a room of a thousand people,
you can always hear me laughing over the crowd. For me, laughter is the ultimate form of embodied joy. And by
“embodied”, I mean that my whole body is involved when I laugh. On the inside, it’s like a bubbling fountain of joy
spilling out all over the place.
But what is joy, anyway?
Life can be terrible, but if you decide to follow the sound of the joy-fountain, you will find joy showing up in
all kinds of places: pets playfully bouncing around, kindness, or even in nothingness.
How can joy be found? A friend moved into a new apartment and needed some help, so I helped him.
Afterwards, he was obviously so much happier and at case. I noticed that playing even a small part in his happiness
brought me great joy, and I took a moment to let this feeling of embodied joy in. We can practice letting joy in by
noticing how it feels to smile. Where does your body light up when you smile? When I smile, it makes me want to
take a deep breath, and I notice my shoulders and belly relaxing. When I embody caring and loving, it feels great!
Sadly, many of us are unaware of joy, or suspicious of it. Maybe you arc afraid to open up to joy, or maybe
you are so unfamiliar with what joy feels like that you ignore or resist it when it comes knocking. No one, other than
you, owns your happiness, but you might unknowingly block feelings or experiences that help you embody joy. The
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司fact is that when you can’t embody joy, you miss out on one of life’s essential vitamins.
Want more joy? Don’t be afraid to look silly. Silliness helps us take things less personally. It helps us see the
world the way a kid does. When we can find more joy in the smalls of everyday life, we can embody happiness, rather
than just pursuing it.
1．How is the topic of joy introduced at the beginning of the passage?
A．By highlighting a joyful experience.
B．By stressing the importance of laughing.
C．By presenting an ultimate form of satisfaction.
D．By sharing the author’s understanding of joy.
2．What might be the author’s advice on finding joy?
A．Taking a deep breath. B．Smiling to your friends.
C．Doing small acts of kindness. D．Reflecting on nothingness.
3．What might be the reason for many of us missing joy?
A．That many of us refuse it on purpose.
B．That many of us are insensitive to joy.
C．That many of us lack life’s essential vitamins.
D．That many of us are likely to take joy for granted.
4．What is the best title of the text?
A．Life is the creation of joy B．A happy man always laughs last
C．People are always unaware of joy D．Happy people are happy in childhood
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述了作者对于笑声和快乐的理解，认为笑声是最终的快乐体现形式，
快乐可以在各种地方被发现，而且我们可以通过帮助他人或者注意自己的微笑来体验快乐。作者呼吁我们
不要害怕表现得愚蠢，因为愚蠢可以帮助我们更好地感受生活中的小事情，从而体验到更多的快乐。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“I am a big laugher. I’ve been told that even in a room of a thousand people,
you can always hear me laughing over the crowd. For me, laughter is the ultimate form of embodied joy. And by
“embodied”, I mean that my whole body is involved when I laugh. On the inside, it’s like a bubbling fountain of
joy spilling out all over the place.(我是一个爱大笑的人。有人告诉我，即使在一间有一千个人的房间里，你
也总能听到我的笑声盖过人群。对我来说，笑是具体化快乐的终极形式。我说的“具体化”是指当我笑的
时候，我的整个身体都参与其中。在内心深处，它就像一个快乐的喷泉，到处都是。)”可推知，文章开始
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司通过分享作者对快乐的理解，将快乐的话题引入。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“A friend moved into a new apartment and needed some help, so I helped
him. Afterwards, he was obviously so much happier and at ease. I noticed that playing even a small part in his
happiness brought me great joy, and I took a moment to let this feeling of embodied joy in.( 一个朋友搬进了新公
寓，需要一些帮助，所以我帮助了他。之后，他显然开心多了，也轻松多了。我注意到，即使在他的幸福
中扮演一个很小的角色，也会给我带来巨大的快乐，我花了一点时间让这种快乐的感觉融入其中。)”和
“When I smile, it makes me want to take a deep breath, and I notice my shoulders and belly relaxing. When I
embody caring and loving, it feels great!(当我微笑的时候，它让我想深呼吸，我注意到我的肩膀和腹部放松
了。当我表现出关心和爱的时候，感觉很棒！)”可推知，作者通过自己帮助朋友的经历建议我们通过做一
些小小的善举来发现快乐。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Sadly, many of us are unaware of joy, or suspicious of it. Maybe you are
afraid to open up to joy, or maybe you are so unfamiliar with what joy feels like that you ignore or resist it when it
comes knocking.(可悲的是，我们中的许多人都没有意识到快乐，或者对它持怀疑态度。也许你害怕向快乐
敞开心扉，或者也许你对快乐的感觉如此陌生，以至于当它来敲门时，你忽略或抵制它。)”可推知，我们
中的许多人对快乐不敏感，这可能是我们许多人错过快乐的原因。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Want more joy? Don’t be afraid to look silly. Silliness helps us take things
less personally. It helps us see the world the way a kid does. When we can find more joy in the smalls of everyday
life, we can embody happiness, rather than just pursuing it.(想要更多的快乐？不要害怕看起来很傻。愚蠢可以
帮助我们不那么个人化。它帮助我们用孩子的方式看世界。当我们能在日常生活的小事中找到更多的快乐
时，我们就能体现幸福，而不仅仅是追求幸福。)”可推知，文章主要讲述了作者对于笑声和快乐的理解，
认为笑声是最终的快乐体现形式，快乐可以在生活中发现，可以通过帮助他人体验快乐，生活是快乐的创
造物，因此推断A项“生活是快乐的创造物”故选A。
（23-24高二上·广东广州·期末）Early fifth-century philosopher St. Augustine famously wrote that he knew
what time was unless someone asked him. Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies
depending on where you measure it. Today’s state-of-the-art atomic(原子的) clocks have proven Einstein right. Even
advanced physics can’t decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you’re asking.
Forget about time as an absolute. What if, instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time to
ecology? What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo(节奏) of human life? We’re increasingly
aware of the fact that we can’t control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that we need to
moderate(调节) our actions if we hope to live in balance. What if our definition of time reflected that?
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that’s connected to circumstances on our planet,
conditions that might change as a result of global warming. We’re now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum
that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers, which are sensitive to local and global environmental
changes. We’ve programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate. If
the rivers run faster in the future on average, the clock will get ahead of standard time. If they run slower, you’ll see
the opposite effect.
The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics. It’s a sort of observatory
that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame(时间框架), and allows us to witness those
changes on our smartwatches or phones. Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony
with the planet. Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and
may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.
Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural societies also connected time to
natural phenomena. In pre-Classical Greece, for instance, people “corrected” official calendars by shifting dates
forward or backward to reflect the change of season. Temporal connect ion to the environment was vital to their
survival. Likewise, river. time and other timekeeping systems we’re developing may encourage environmental
awareness.
When St. Augustine admitted his inability to define time, he highlighted one of time’s most noticeable qualities:
Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context. Any timekeeping system is valid, and each is as praiseworthy
as its purpose.
1．What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A．Everyone can define time on their own terms.
B．Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature.
C．The qualities of time vary with how you measure it.
D．Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists
2．The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to .
A．evaluate an argument
B．introduce an approach
C．present an assumption
D．highlight an experiment
3．What can we learn from this passage?
A．Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life.
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司B．New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems.
C．Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower.
D．Modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame.
4．What can we infer from this passage?
A．History is a mirror reflecting reality.
B．We should live in harmony with nature.
C．A fixed frame will make time meaningless.
D．It is crucial to improve the definition of time.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文是议论文。文章通过讨论时间的定义，讲述了人们应该和大自然和谐相处，保护环境。
1．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Even advanced physics can’t decisively tell us what time is, because the
answer depends on the question you're asking．(即使是先进的物理学也不能决定性地告诉我们时间是什么，
因为答案取决于你要问的问题)”以及上文列举的哲学家St.Augustine和爱因斯坦对于时间的定义可推断，第
一段主要讲述每个人都可以用自己的话来定义时间。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段的“We’re increasingly aware of the fact that we can’t control Earth systems with
engineering alone，and realizing that we need to moderate(调节)our actions if we hope to live in balance．(我们
越来越意识到，我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统，意识到，如果我们希望保持平衡，我们就需要调
节我们的行动。)”进而提出问题“What if our definition of time reflected that？(如果时间的定义反映那些会
怎么样呢？)”，结合前两个问题“What if，instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time to
ecology？What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo(节奏) of human life？(如果我们不考虑
天文学方面的时间，而是将时间与生态学联系起来呢？如果我们允许环境条件来设定人类生活的节奏
呢？)”可推断，第二段提出的三个问题是为了介绍方法。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段的“We’ve programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to
flow at their present rate. If the rivers run faster in the future on average, the clock will get ahead of standard time.
If they run slower, you'll see the opposite effect．(如果水道继续以目前的速度流动，我们对它进行了编程，匹
配了一个原子时间。如果河流在未来的平均运行速度更快，时间就会超过标准时间。如果它们的运行速度
较慢，你就会看到相反的效果。）”可知，如果河流运行速度得较慢，原子时间将超过河流时间。故选C
项。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段的“We’re increasingly aware of the fact that we can’t control Earth systems with
engineering alone, and realizing that we need to moderate (调节) our actions if we hope to live in balance. (我们越
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司来越意识到，我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统，意识到，如果我们希望保持平衡，我们就需要调节
我们的行动。)”和倒数第二段的“Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival. Likewise,
river time and other timekeeping systems we’re developing may encourage environmental awareness(时间与环境
的暂时联系对它们的生存至关重要。同样，河流时间和我们正在开发的其他时间保护系统也可能会鼓励人
们提高环境意识)”可推断，从这篇文章中我们知道我们应该与自然和谐共处，保护环境。故选B。
（23-24高二上·浙江宁波·期末）We are all aware of the damaging pollution that’s created by driving petrol
and diesel(柴油) vehicles. Many of the world’s cities are blocked with traffic, creating fumes containing gases such
as nitrogen oxides.The solution for a cleaner, greener future could be electric vehicles. But how optimistic should we
be? There was much excitement last year when the UK government announced it will ban the sale of new petrol and
diesel cars from 2030. But is that easier said than done?
The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off. Currently, battery life is an issue ——a
fully charged battery won’t take you as far as a full tank of petrol. There are also limited numbers of charging points to
plug an electric vehicle into. Of course, technology is always improving. Some of the biggest tech companies, like
Google and Tesla, are spending huge amounts of money developing electric cars. And most of the big car manufacturers
are now making them too. Colin Herron, a consultant on low-carbon vehicle technology, told the BBC, “The big leap
forward will come with solid-state batteries, which will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they progress
to cars. “These will charge more quickly and give cars a bigger range. Cost is another issue that may discourage
people switching to electric power. But some countries offer incentive, such as cutting prices by reducing import
taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking. Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on,
overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams.
These kinds of measures have made Norway the country with the most electric cars per capita(人均) at more
than thirty electric cars per 1000 inhabitants. But Colin Herron warns that “electric motoring” doesn’t mean a zero-
carbon future. “It’s emission-free motoring, but the car has to be built, the battery has to be built, and the electricity
does come from somewhere.” Maybe it’s time to think about making fewer journeys or using public transport.
1．What can we infer from the question at the end of Paragraph 1?
A．It is not easy to obtain a greener future by means of electric vehicles.
B．Electric vehicles may not solve the traffic problems.
C．We should not be too optimistic about the future.
D．It’s not a good idea to replace petrol vehicles with electric ones.
2．What does the underlined word “incentive” mean in Paragraph 2?
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司A．permission B．encouragement C．admission D．insistence
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A．Electric motoring will create a zero-carbon future.
B．Putting solid-state batteries in electric cars first will be a “great leap forward”.
C．There are four obstacles on the road to global traffic being totally electric.
D．Electric cars might not get stuck in traffic jams in the future.
4．What is the most suitable title for the text?
A．Electric Power or Petrol: A Tough Decision to Make
B．Electric Vehicles: A Road to a Greener Future
C．Total Electric Traffic: A Long Way to Go
D．Petrol and Diesel Vehicles: A Main Source of Gases
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了电动汽车更加清洁、更加环保，但实现全球交通电动化还有很长
的路要走，电动汽车本身有两大问题亟待解决，而且汽车电动化并不意味着零碳。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“But is that easier said than done?(但这说起来容易做起来难吗？)”可
知，第一段提出疑问：英国宣布从2030年开始禁止销售新型汽油和柴油汽车，这说起来容易做起来难吗？
第二段第一句“The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off.(实现全球交通完全电动化
的道路还有很长的路要走。)”指出实现全球交通完全电动化还有很长的路要走。由此可推测出，作者在第
一段最后提出疑问是想说明用电动汽车来实现环保并不容易。故选A。
2．词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句“Cost is another issue that may discourage people switching to electric
power.(成本是另一个可能阻碍人们转向电力的问题。)”和画线词后的“such as cutting prices by reducing
import taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking”可知，画线词后的举例是对incentive的进一步说明，
通过降低进口税来降价以及不收取道路税和停车费，这些有助于降低购买和使用成本，有助于激励人们购
买，incentive意为“激励措施”，与encouragement(起激励作用的事物)意思最接近。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on,
overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams.(一些国家还为电动汽车提供专用车道，超越可能陷入
拥堵的传统汽车。)”可知，电动汽车有专用通道，这说明电动汽车在未来可能不会陷入交通堵塞。故选
D。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long
way off.(实现全球交通完全电动化的道路还有很长的路要走。)”可知，电动汽车更加清洁、更加环保，但
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司实现全球交通电动化还有很长的路要走，电动汽车本身有两大问题亟待解决，而且汽车电动化并不意味着
零碳。由此可推测出，C项“全电动交通：任重道远”最适合作本文标题。故选C。
（23-24高二上·广西·期末）It might be a shock, but video games might be added to the 2024 Olympics. The
debate over this gives both sports and video game fans something to consider.
The Olympic Games were created in the 1890s with the inspiration of replicating (重现) the ancient Olympic
Games which were a celebration for the ancient Greek God, Zeus. Thereafter, it changed to be a great competition to
show off the athletes’ strength, physical abilities, and skills. On the other hand, video games were first made for
entertaining the people. It wasn’t until 1972 that the first competitive video game was created. Afterwards, people
held competitions to exhibit players’ skills: hand-eye coordination (手眼协调), quick thinking, and even teamwork.
With these two types of similar events, it’s easy to see why people are considering combining the two.
With this addition to the Olympic Games, it gives the competitors more competing events, gives different types
of entertainment to viewers, and allows more people to join the Olympics. Besides, allowing video games in the
Olympics will not only exhibit physical strength, but also bring intelligence, reaction speed, and more teamwork to
the competition.
However, every coin has two sides. One disadvantage of this extension of the Olympic Games is the increase of
“Haters”. There have already been cases of people who dislike video games in their everyday lifestyle. If the two
activities were to combine, the popularity of this event would be lowered.
The worst downside appears. If video games were to enter the Olympics, it would not be the competition that it
was originally made to be. The Olympics were made for great athletic abilities and skills, not for pushing buttons to
control something that isn’t physically real.
With both positive and negative effects, it will be a hard choice whether or not to place video games in the
Olympics. Although the final decision hasn’t been made yet, we’d better keep open-minded about that.
1．Which of the following shows the structure of the text?
A．①②/③/④⑤/⑥ B．①②③/④⑤/⑥
C．①/②③④/⑤/⑥ D．①②/③④/⑤/⑥
2．According to the author, what does adding video games to the Olympics mean?
A．Some other events will be got rid of.
B．The atmosphere will be more harmonious.
C．The inclusiveness of the Olympics will increase.
D．The chance of winning in the Olympics will decrease.
3．What is the biggest disadvantage of adding video games to the Olympics?
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司A．Video games will become widely popular with children.
B．People will lose interest in great athletic abilities.
C．The original purpose of the Olympics will be lost.
D．The popularity of the Olympics will fade.
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Should the events of the Olympics be expanded?
B．Should the Olympics be encouraged to change?
C．Should video games be further encouraged?
D．Should video games be in the Olympics?
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是电子游戏加入奥运会的利弊。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“It might be a shock, but video games might be added to the 2024 Olympics.(这可
能令人震惊，但电子游戏可能会加入2024年奥运会。)”，第二段“With these two types of similar events, it’s
easy to see why people are considering combining the two.(有了这两种类型的类似事件，很容易理解为什么人
们会考虑将两者结合起来。)”可知，第一段和第二段都讲的是电子游戏将进入奥运会，因此是第一部分；
根据第三段“With this addition to the Olympic Games, it gives the competitors more competing events, gives
different types of entertainment to viewers, and allows more people to join the Olympics. Besides, allowing video
games in the Olympics will not only exhibit physical strength, but also bring intelligence, reaction speed, and more
teamwork to the competition.(随着它加入奥运会，它为竞争者提供了更多的竞争项目，为观众提供了不同类
型的娱乐，并允许更多的人加入奥运会。此外，允许电子游戏在奥运会上不仅可以展示体力，还可以为比
赛带来智力，反应速度和更多的团队合作。)”可知，第三段讲的是电子游戏加入奥运会的好处，是第二部
分；根据第四段“However, every coin has two sides. One disadvantage of this extension of the Olympic Games
is the increase of “Haters”.(然而，任何事物都有两面性。奥运会扩展的一个缺点是“仇恨者”的增加。)”和
第五段“The worst downside appears.(最糟糕的负面影响出现了。)”可知，第四段和第五段讲的是电子游戏
进入奥运会的坏处，是第三部分；根据最后一段“Although the final decision hasn’t been made yet, we’d
better keep open-minded about that.(虽然最后的决定还没有做出，但我们最好保持开放的心态。)”可知，最
后一段是总结，是最后一部分，因此文章结构为①②/③/④⑤/⑥。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“With this addition to the Olympic Games, it gives the competitors more
competing events, gives different types of entertainment to viewers, and allows more people to join the Olympics.
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司Besides, allowing video games in the Olympics will not only exhibit physical strength, but also bring intelligence,
reaction speed, and more teamwork to the competition.(随着它加入奥运会，它为竞争者提供了更多的竞争项目，
为观众提供了不同类型的娱乐，并允许更多的人加入奥运会。此外，允许电子游戏在奥运会上不仅可以展
示体力，还可以为比赛带来智力，反应速度和更多的团队合作。)”可推断，作者认为将电子游戏引入奥运
会增强了奥运会的包容性。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段“If video games were to enter the Olympics, it would not be the competition that it
was originally made to be. The Olympics were made for great athletic abilities and skills, not for pushing buttons to
control something that isn’t physically real.(如果电子游戏进入奥运会，它将不再是最初设定的那种竞争。奥
运会是为出色的运动能力和技能而生的，而不是为了按下按钮来控制身体上不真实的东西。)”可知，将电
子游戏引入奥运会的最大弊端是会使奥运会失去了的比赛初衷，即不是为出色的运动能力和技能而生的比
赛。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“With this addition to the Olympic Games, it gives the competitors
more competing events, gives different types of entertainment to viewers, and allows more people to join the
Olympics. Besides, allowing video games in the Olympics will not only exhibit physical strength, but also bring
intelligence, reaction speed, and more teamwork to the competition.(随着它加入奥运会，它为竞争者提供了更
多的竞争项目，为观众提供了不同类型的娱乐，并允许更多的人加入奥运会。此外，允许电子游戏在奥运
会上不仅可以展示体力，还可以为比赛带来智力，反应速度和更多的团队合作。)”和第四段“However,
every coin has two sides. One disadvantage of this extension of the Olympic Games is the increase of “Haters”.(然
而，任何事物都有两面性。奥运会扩展的一个缺点是“仇恨者”的增加。)”和第五段“The worst downside
appears.(最糟糕的负面影响出现了。)”可知，作者论述了将电子游戏引入奥运会的利弊，因此最好的题目是
D选项“Should video games be in the Olympics?(电子游戏应该出现在奥运会上吗？)”。故选D。
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司
