文档内容
一、作文
【作文(一)】
The Impact of the Mobile Phone in People’s Life
The thought-provoking drawing mirrors a common phenomenon in contemporary society that
there is the negative influence of mobile phone. As is subtly shown in the picture，so many people
are too much addicted to cell phones that they use walking sticks to see the road. What a
meaningful cartoon!
It is to me that indulging in mobile phones produces native influences on body and mind.
First and foremost, overusing mobile phones is detrimental to physical health for watching
mobiles for a long stretch definitely impairs one’s eyesight. Suppose that a man is addicted in cell
phones in whatever situation, it will be very disadvantageous for him to concentrate on his work,
learning, or daily life and is very likely to hurt him. Furthermore, overusing cell phones adversely
affects state of mind. An addict may stay inside his bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors,
which eventually prevents the growth of think skills.
It is high time that we took effective measures to curb this trend. I cherish a belief that cell
phones themselves are not good or bad and we can benefit a lot from it as long as we take a good
control over them.
【作文(二)】
The Impact of the Internet on the Way People Communicate
网络对人们沟通产生的影响
Internet does exert such a profound effect on our life that it revolutionizes the way of
people’s living and thinking. As is subtly revealed in the portrayal，there are two parents sitting in
the front of computer，who are chatting with their child on the internet. What a meaningful
picture!
From my perspective, the electronic contact cannot replace face to face communication
owing to the following factors. To begin with, over-reliance on electronic contact will damage the
interpersonal relationship, for the cold machine never replaces a warm-hearted greeting face to
face. For example, the aged parents would like their only son who works far away home to come
back home more often rather than to talk with him on the internet occasionally. What’s more, face
to face communication is preferable because it is beneficial to build a harmonious society, for it
attaches more importance on human affection and feelings instead of convenience and speed.
Hence, it is necessary for us to use Internet in a reasonable way. After all, Internet is invented
to connect you and me, and to bring conveniences to our life rather than set a barrier to keep
people beyond reach. If we want to keep our interpersonal relationship more effectively, we
第 1 页 共 23 页should spend more time with them face to face in real life. Only in this way can we not only make
full use of the communication tool on the net but also make our relationship tighter.
二、听力测试（原文）
2013年12月大学英语四级听力真题 原文：听力短对话
Question 1
M: After high school, I’d like to go to college and major in business administration.
W: But I’d rather spend my college days finding out how children learn.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
Question 2
W: Is everything ready for the conference?
M: The only thing left to do is set up the microphones and speakers. They'll be here in a few
minutes.
Q: What preparations have yet to be made?
Question 3
W: Is it almost time to go home now? I'm so tired. I can hardly see straight.
M: Just a few more minutes, then we can go.
Q: What is the woman’s problem?
Question 4
W: I'm not sure what I’m in a mood for. Ice-cream or sandwiches? They are both really good
here.
M: The movie starts in an hour. And we still have to get there and park. So just make a
decision.
Q: What does the man mean?
Question 5
W: Tom said he would come to repair our solar heater when he has time.
M: He often says he is willing to help, but he never seems to have time.
Q: What does the man imply about Tom?
Question 6
W: So you know that Sam turns down the job offered by the travel agency.
M: Yes. The hours were convenient. But if he had accepted it, he wouldn’t be able to make
ends meet.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
Question 7
M: Could you tell me a bit about the business your company is doing?
第 2 页 共 23 页W: We mainly deal with large volume buyers from western countries and our products have
been well received.
Q: What business is the woman’s company doing?
Question 8
W: Yesterday I made reservations for my trip to Miami next month.
M: You must really be looking forward to it. You haven’t had any time off for at least two
years.
Q: What is the woman going to do?
【四级听力长对话原文1】
M: Excuse me, I need some information about some of the towns near here.
W: What would you like to know?
M: Well, first, I'd like directions to go to Norwalk. I believe there is an interesting museum
there. It isn't far, is it?
W: No, not at all. Norwalk is about eighteen miles east of here on Route 7. And you're right.
It's a wonderful little museum.
M: Oh good. Now what about Amitsville? I have some friends. I'd like to visit there and I
also want to get to Newton. They are near each other, aren't they?
W: Hmm... well, they are actually in opposite directions. Amitsville is northeast. It's about
thirty five miles northeast of here.
M: Huh-uh, thirty five miles northeast. And how about Newton?
W: Well, Newton is in the other direction. It's southwest, so it isn't really very close to
Amitsville at all and it's a long drive. It's about fifty five miles southwest from here and the road is
not at all straight.
M: Fifty five miles southwest! Well, maybe I won't go there this time.
W: I'd recommend visiting Westfield or Great Town. They are both very close. Westfield is
just seven miles west of here and Great Town is about five miles south. They are really pretty little
towns with lots of old houses and beautiful tree-lined streets.
M: I see. Seven miles west to Westfield and five miles south to Great Town. Good. Well, I
think that's all the information I need for a while. Thank you. You've been very helpful.
W: You're welcome, sir. I hope you enjoy your stay.
Q9: What does the man know about Norwalk?
Q10: What does the woman say about Amitsville and Newton?
Q11: What do we learn about Westfield and Great Town?
【四级听力长对话原文2】
第 3 页 共 23 页M: Err... Sandra, I've finished with Mr. Gordon now. Do you think you could pop through in
bringing me up-to-date on their arrangements for the Italian trip?
W: Certainly, Mr. Wilkinson. I'll bring everything with me.
M: Right, take a seat. Now my first meeting is when?
W: Your first meeting is on Monday the 21st at 9a.m. with Dr. Gucci of Bancos en Piedra in
Milan.
M: OK, so can I fly out early Monday morning?
W: Well, there is a flight to Lenarty Airport which leaves at six thirty London time and gets
in at eight thirty Italian time.
M: Yeah, but that only leaves me thirty minutes to clear customs in getting to the city center
and it means I have to check in by five thirty, which means leaving home at about four fifteen.
W: I'm afraid so.
M: Hmm... not so keen on that. What's the program for the rest of that day?
W: It's quite full, I'm afraid. At eleven, you're seeing Jeana Rivard at Meg Star and then you'll
have a lunch engagement with Gaven from the Chamber of Commerce at one.
M: Where's that?
W: You're meeting him at his office and then he's taking you somewhere.
M: Good, that sounds fine. What about the afternoon?
W: Well, at three thirty, you're seeing our sales representative there and then you're free till
evening.
M: I see. I seem to remember that I'm having a dinner with someone from Bergamo.
W: That's right. And Mr. Betty from SAP Industries at eight.
Q12: What would the man like the woman to do?
Q13: At what time is Mr. Wilkinson going to leave home for the airport?
Q14: Who is Mr. Wilkinson going to have a lunch with on Monday?
Q15: What is most probably the woman's job?
【听力短文】
Listening Passage 1
Donna Fredrick’s served with the Peace Corps for two years in Brazil. She joined the Peace
Corps after she graduated from the college because she wanted to do something to help other
people. She had been brought up on a farm, so the Peace Corps assigned her to a agricultural
project. Before she went to Brazil, she studied Portuguese for three months. She also learnt a great
deal about its history and culture. During her two years with the Peace Corps, Donna lived in a
village in northeast Brazil. That part of Brazil is very dry and farming is often difficult there.
Donna helped the people of the village to organise an arrigation project, and she also advised them
第 4 页 共 23 页on planting corps. They didn’t require much water. When Donna returned to the States, she
couldn’t settle down. She tried several jobs, but they seemed very boring to her. She couldn’t get
Brazil out of her mind. Finally, one day she got on an plane and went back to Brazil. She wasn’t
sure what she’s going to do. She just wanted to be there. After a few weeks, Donna found a job as
an English teacher, teaching five classes a day. Like most of the teachers, she doesn’t make much
money. She shares a small apartment with another teacher. And she makes a little extra money by
sending stories to newspapers in the States. Eventually she wants to quit teaching and work as a
full-time journalist.
Question 16
Why did Donna join the Peace Corps after she graduated from college?
Question 17
What was Donna assigned to do in Brazil?
Question 18
Why did Donna go back to Brazil once again?
Question 19
How did Donna make extra money to support herself?
Listening Passage 2
Results of a recent Harry’s pool on free time showed that the average work week for many
Americans is 50 hours. With the time spent eating, sleeping and taking care of the household
duties, there’s little time left for leisure activities for many Americans. However, having free time
to relax and pursue hobbies is important. People need time away from the pressures of study or
work to relax and enjoy time with friends and family. In many countries free time is spent in
different ways. The results of a Harry’s pool showed that reading was the most popular spare time
activity in the US. This was followed by watching TV. In a UK survey on leisure time activities,
watching TV and videos was the most popular. Listening to the radio came second. In a similar
survey conducted in Japan, the most popular free time activity was eating out. The second most
popular activity was driving. There were also differences in the most popular outdoor pursuits
between the three countries. The most popular outdoor activity for Americans was gardening. In
the UK, it was going to the pub. In Japan, going to bars ranked eighth in popularity and gardening
ranked ninth. Although people around the world may enjoy doing similar things in their free time,
there’s evidence to suggest that these interests are changing. In the US, for example, the popularity
of computer activities is increasing. Many more people in the States are spending their free time
surfing the web, emailing friends or playing games online.
Question 20
What is the recent Harry Pole about?
第 5 页 共 23 页Question 21
What was the most popular leisure activity in the US?
Question 22
What was the most popular outdoor pursuit in the UK?
Listening Passage 3
On March 13th, while on duty Charles Mclaughlin, a very careless driver employed by the
company Lummis was involved in another accident. The accident occurred in Riverside
California. Not paying attention to his driving, Mclaughlin turned right on main street and 33rd
street and hit Volkswagen rabbit. This caused minor damage to his truck and serious damage to
the car. On the basis of the police report, the Lummis accident committee correctly determined
that Mclaughlin had been quite careless. As a result of the committee’s conclusion, the branch
manager Mr. David Rossi reported that he had talked with Mclaughlin about his extremely poor
driving record. Further evidence of Mclaughlin's irresponsibility occurred on May 6th when he
was returning from his shift. That day he ran into a roll-up door at the Lummis facility in Valero,
causing significant damage to the door. Damage to the truck, however, was minor. Finally, on
June 7th, Mclaughlin once again demonstrated his carelessness by knocking down several mail
boxes near the edge of the company’s parking lot. There was damage to the mailboxes and minor
damage to the truck. Mr. David Rossi stated that he had spoken with Mclaughlin on several
occasions about his driving record. He added that he had warned Mclaughlin that three
preventable accidents in one year could lead to his discharge, as indeed it should.
23. What did the Lummis accident committee find out about the accident that occurred on
March 13th?
24. What did Mclaughlin do on June 7th near the edge of the company’s parking lot?
25. What is most probably going to happen to Mclaughlin?
【听力填空】：
When Captain Cook asked the chiefs in Tahiti why they always ate apart and alone, they
replied, “Because it is right.” If we ask Americans why they eat with knives and forks, or why
their men wear pants instead of skirts or why they may be married to only one person at a time, we
are likely to get similar and very uninformative answers because it’s right, because that’s the way
it’s done, because it’s the custom or even I don’t know. The reason for these and countless other
patterns of social behavior is that they are controlled by social norms shared rules or guide lines
which prescribe the behavior that is appropriate in a given situation. Norms define how people
ought to behave under particular circumstances in a particular society. We conform to norms so
readily that we are hardly aware they exist. In fact we are much more likely to notice departures
from norms than conformity to them. You will not be surprised if a stranger tried to shake hands
第 6 页 共 23 页when you were introduced, but you might be a little startled if they bowed, started to stroke you or
kissed you on both cheeks. Yet each of these other forms of greeting is appropriate in other parts
of the world. When we visit another society whose norms are different, we quickly become aware
that things we do this way, they do that way.
【四级长对话】
9. B) It has an interesting museum.
10. A) They are in opposite directions.
11. C) They have lots of old houses.
点评：
显然长对话第一篇属于比较常见的“问路”话题。因此考生在考试中听到开头一两句
之后可以在试题册空白之处画一个简单的方位图或画一张 list，在介绍景点时，可以在相应
方位把地名和距离迅速对号入座地记下。避免听时候，因为信息量过大头脑一片混乱。
三个问题都是考查细节，但并没有要求学生去注意 Norwalk，Amitsville and Newton，
Westfield andGreat Town这几个地方的具体方位及距离，因此题目难度不算太大。
12. B) Inform him of the arrangements for his trip in Italy.
13. D) About 4:15.
14. D) Gavin from the Chamber of Commerce.
15. C) Secretary.
点评：
长对话第一篇关乎商务场合，是一则老板与秘书间有关“行程安排”的对话。抓住这一
主题，第一题和第四题的答案就显而易见了。同时对于对话中如时间地点人物的具体细节要
多加留意，第二题和第三题就考查了时间和人物。因此预测可能出现较多时间和人物的话题，
注意可以在题目边上做一些简单的笔记。毕竟“好记性不如烂笔头”。
【四级短文】
16. A She had a desire to help others.
17. B Work on an agricultural project.
18. D She could not get the country out of her mind.
19. B By writing stories for American newspaper.
点评：
第一篇短文主要讲述了Donna Fredrick大学毕业之后的职业发展。Donna Fredrick=毕业
之后加入thePeace Corps，参加农业项目，两年的时间她住在巴西的东北部，开展灌溉项目，
帮助当地居民种植无需很多水的农作物。回到美国之后尝试了几个工作，但仍一心想着巴西。
最终回到巴西做了英语老师，并给美国报纸写文章，来赚取额外的生活费。最后提到Donna
的终极理想是做一名专职记者。
文章基本上没有生僻的词汇，以报流水账一般的叙述为主;此外，考生如果对文章开头提
到的Peace Corps不理解也不会影响做题，只需将其定义为一个组织名，中间涉及的Brazil，
Portuguese也都是大家较熟悉的单词。四个题目都是考查考生对细节的捕捉能力。
20. C Time spent on leisure activities.
21. A Reading.
22. C Going to the pub.
第 7 页 共 23 页点评：
第二篇短文的话题是考生比较熟悉的休闲娱乐话题，。Harry在最近一次民意调查中发
现许多美国人没有多少时间用于休闲娱乐。但是又指出“文武之道，一张一弛”，人们需要
一些休息时间来平衡学习和工作。接着文章举了一些说明不同国家休闲活动都不尽相同的
例子。美国最流行的休闲活动是阅读，而在英国是看电视，在日本是上馆子吃饭;而且这三个
国家最流行的户外活动也不太一样。最后指出虽然全世界的人们有着相似的休闲活动，但是
有证据表明这些兴趣正在改变。
本篇难度其实也不大，题目都是考查学生对于原文细节的理解，第二个题目是问美国最
流行的娱乐活动，而第三个题目是问英国最流行的户外活动，考生要区别开来，避免混淆。
23. D) Mclaughlin's carelessness resulted in the collision.
24. B) He knocked down several mailboxes.
25. A) He will lose his job.
点评：
第三篇短文主要讲了Charles Mclaughlin一年之内因粗心大意所发生的三次交通事故。
第一次：时间：3月13日;
描述：Mclaughlin驾驶货车在主大街第33大街向右拐弯撞上一辆小轿车。
原因：Mclaughlin粗心大意;造成的后果：卡车轻微受损，小轿车严重损坏;
第二次：时间：5月6日;
描述：Mclaughlin在换班的时候驾驶货车撞到一个卷帘门;
原因：Mclaughlin不负责任，粗心;造成的后果：卷帘门严重损坏，卡车受损;
第三次：时间：6月7日;
描述：Mclaughlin驾驶货车在公司停车场附近撞翻了几个邮筒;
原因：Mclaughlin粗心大意;造成的后果：邮筒严重受损，卡车轻微受损。
本篇文章难度同样不大。文章虽然出现了一些人名和地名，但是同学们不需要知道它们
是什么意思，人名地名不会作为考察点放在题目中，同学们需要重点分辨的是这三次事故发
生的时间，如前两篇文章一样，这篇文章题目重点也在考察考生对短文信息的捕捉能力。但
是其中有几个短语和单词需要关注一下： run into 撞上;撞到;roll-up door 卷帘门;knock down
撞翻;parking lot 停车场;mailbox 邮箱，邮筒;preventable 可预防的。
【四级听写】
这篇听写讲的是各地风俗习惯的差异。比如Tahiti的人们喜欢独自吃饭，而美国人吃饭
用刀叉，男士穿裤子而不穿裙子，一次只能和一个人结婚等等，当你问他们为什么会这样的
时候，他们只会说“因为这是对的。”。这就是所谓的风俗习惯，一种在特定社会文化区域内
历代人们共同遵守的行为模式或规范。人们对自己当地的风俗习惯习以为常，往往意识不到
它们的存在，只有当发现其他地方与自己地方的风俗习惯不相同时才会意识到原来各地的
习惯是不一样的。
这篇听写是今年四级改革后第一次在正式考试中的处子秀，和历年真题一样，仍然是对
动词，名词和形容词等实词的考查。不出意料，文章难度确实有所降低。最明显的地方就是空
格部分都是考生平常熟悉的四级大纲、甚至在中学期间就基本已经掌握了的词汇和短语，像
instead of, exist, controlled, similar基本属于考生应该十拿九稳的分数。除此之外departure，
startle可能稍有些挑战性，departure是动词depart的名词形式，文中意思表示“背离”;startle
第 8 页 共 23 页表示“吃惊”。此外，这次的听写再一次考验了学生对-ed、-s等词缀的把握能力，所以大家今
后还是需要注意动词时态和名词单复数的变化，切勿因此导致一些非受迫性的失误。
答案：
1-25 DBACB CADBA CBDDC ABDBC ACDBA
26. apart and alone
27. instead of
28. Similar
29. custom
30. Controlled
31. Define
32. exist
33. Departures
34. startled
35. Cheeks
三、 阅读
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
What does it take to be a well-trained nurse? The answer used to be two-year associate's or four-
year bachelor’s degree programs. But as the nursing shortage 36 , a growing number of schools
and hospitals are establishing "fast-track programs" that enable college graduates with no nursing
37 to become registered nurses with only a year or so of 38 training.
In 1991. there were only 40 fast-track curricula; now there are more than 200. Typical is Columbia
University's Entry to Practice program. Students earn their bachelor of science in nursing in a year.
Those who stay on for an 39 two years can earn a master’s degree that 40 them as nurse
practitioners (执业护士）or clinical nurse specialists.
Many students are recent 41 ; others are career switchers. Rudy Guardron, 32, a 2004 graduate of
Columbia’s program, was a premedical student in college and then worked for a pharmaceutical
(药物的）research company. At Columbia, he was 42 as a nurse practitioner. "I saw that nurses
were in high 43 and it looked like a really good opportunity," he says' "Also, I didn't want to be in
school for that long. ”
The fast-track trend fills a need, but it’s also creating some 44 between newcomers and veterans.
"Nurses that are still at the bedside 45 these kids with suspicion," says Linda Pellico, who has
taught nursing at Yale University for 18 years. "They wonder, how can they do it quicker? The
answer is they don't.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A） additional F） explores K） specialized B） applied G） graduates
第 9 页 共 23 页L） tension C） demand H） operations M） trained D） excessive
I） promote N） view E） experience J） qualifies O） worsens
参考译文
怎样才能成为一名训练有素的护士呢？在过去,答案是两年的专科学习或者四年的本科学习。
但是， 由于护士短缺现象加剧,越来越多的学校和医院建立了"快速通道项目",这使没有经验
的大学毕业生通过 专业训练就能在一年左右成为注册护士。
1991年,美国只有40个快速通道课程,而现在则已超过200个。哥伦比亚大学的"实践人门"项
目就 是典型代表。学生用一年的时间就能获得护理专业学士学位;而那些留校继续再读两年
的学生能获得硕 士学位,有资格成为执业护士或者临床护理专家。
很多参加"快速通道"项目的学生是刚毕业的大学生,也有工作后想要转行的人。Rudy
Guardron, 32岁，是哥伦比亚大学此项目2004年的毕业生。他原本是医科大学预科的学生,后
来在制药研究公司工作。他在哥伦比亚大学受训成为一名执业护士。"我意识到护士的需求
量很大,这看起来是个很好的机 会,"他说,"而且,我不想在学校待那么长时间。"快速通道"的
趋向填补了护士短缺的需求,但是也造成了新老护士之间的紧张气氛。"临床的护士带 着怀
疑的态度看待这些新人在耶鲁大学教授护理学已有18年之久的Linda Pellico说他们想知道，
自己怎么能快速地成为执业护士呢?"答案是没有办法。
答案 36-45 OEKAJ GMCLN
Section B
Directions： In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.
Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from
which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is
marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.
The rise of the sharing economy
Last night 40 000 people rented accommodation from a service that offers 250 000 rooms in 30
000 cities in 192 countries. They chose their rooms and paid for everything online. But their beds
were provided by private individuals, rather than a hotel chain. Hosts and guests were matched up
by Airbnb, a firm based in San Francisco. Since its launch in 2008 more than 4 million people
have used it—-2.5 million of them in 2012 alone. It is the most prominent example of a huge new
"sharing economy", in which people rent beds, cars, boats and other assets directly from each
other, co-ordinate via the internet.
A) You might think this is no different from running a bed-and-breakfast (家庭旅店),owning a
timeshare (分时度假房）or participating in a car pool. But technology has reduced transaction
costs, making sharing assets cheaper and easier than ever —and therefore possible on a much
larger scale. The big change is the availability of more data about people and things, which allows
第 10 页 共 23 页physical assets to be divided and consumed as services. Before the internet, renting a surfboard, a
power tool or a parking space from someone else was feasible, but was usually more trouble than
it was worth. Now websites such as Airbnb, RelayRides and SnapGoods match up owners and
renters； smartphones with GPS let people see where the nearest rentable car is parked; social
networks provide a way to check up on people and build trust; and online payment systems handle
the billing.
What's mine is yours, for a fee
B) Just as peer-to-peer businesses like eBay allow anyone to become a retailer, sharing sites let
individuals act as an ad hoc (临时的）taxi service, car-hire firm or boutique hotel (精品酒店〉as
and when it suits them. Just go online or download an app. The model works for items that are
expensive to buy and are widely owned by people who do not make full use of them. Bedrooms
and cars are the most obvious examples, but you can also rent camping spaces in Sweden, fields in
Australia and washing machines in France. As advocates of the sharing economy like to put it,
access trumps （胜过）ownership.
C) Rachel Botsman, the author of a book on the subject, says the consumer peer-to-peer rental
market alone is worth $ 26 billion. Broader definitions of the sharing economy include peer-to-
peer lending or putting a solar panel on your roof and selling power back to the grid (电网）.And it
is not just individuals; the web makes it easier for companies to rent out spare offices and idle
machines, too. But the core of the sharing economy is people renting things from each other.
D) Such "collaborative (合作的）consumption" is a good thing for several reasons. Owners make
money from underused assets. Airbnb says hosts in San Francisco who rent out their homes do so
for an average of 58 nights a year, making $ 9 300. Car owners who rent their vehicles to others
using RelayRides make an average of $ 250 a month； some make more than $ 1 000. Renters,
meanwhile, pay less than they would if they bought the item themselves, or turned to a traditional
provider such as a hotel or car-hire firm. And there are environmental benefits, too: renting a car
when you need it, rather than owning one, means fewer cars are required and fewer resources must
be devoted to making them.
E) For sociable souls, meeting new people by staying in their homes is part of the charm.
Curmudgeons (低脾气的人）who imagine that every renter is a murderer can still stay at
conventional hotels. For others, the web fosters trust. As well as the background checks carried out
by platform owners, online reviews and ratings are usually posted by both parties to each
transaction, which makes it easy to spot bad drivers, bathrobe-thieves and surfboard-wreckers. By
using Facebook and other social networks, participants can check each other out and identify
friends (or friends of friends) in common. An Airbnb user had her apartment trashed in 2011. But
the remarkable thing is how well the system usually works.
Peering into the future
F) The shying economy is a little like online shopping, which started in America 15 years ago. At
first, people were worried about security. But having made a successful purchase from, say,
第 11 页 共 23 页Amazon, they felt safe buying elsewhere. Similarly, using Airbnb or a car-hire service for the first
time encourages people to try other offerings. Next, consider eBay. Having started out as a peer-
to-peer marketplace, it is now dominated by professional “power sellers" (many of whom started
out as ordinary eBay users). The same may happen with the sharing economy, which also provides
new opportunities for enterprise. Some people have bought cars solely to rent them out, for
example.
G) Existing rental businesses are getting involved too. Avis, a car-hire firm, has a share in a
sharing rival. So do GM and Daimler, two carmakers, in future, companies may develop hybrid
（混合的）models, listing excess capacity (whether vehicles，equipment or office space) on peer-
to-peer rental sites. In the past, new ways of doing things online have not displaced the old ways
entirely. But they have often changed them. Just as internet shopping forced Wal-mart and Tesco
to adapt, so online sharing will shake up transport, tourism, equipment-hire and more.
H) The main worry is regulatory uncertainty. Will room-renters be subject to hotel taxes, for
example? In Amsterdam officials are using Airbnb listings to track down unlicensed hotels. In
some American cities, peer-to-peer taxi services have been banned after lobbying by traditional
taxi firms. The danger is that although some rules need to be updated to protect consumers from
harm, existing rental businesses will try to destroy competition. People who rent out rooms should
pay tax, of course, but they should not be regulated like a Ritz-Carlton hotel. The lighter rules that
typically govern bed-and- breakfasts are more than adequate.
I) The sharing economy is the latest example of the internet's value to consumers. This emerging
model is now big and disruptive (颠覆性的）enough for regulators and companies to have woken
up to it. That is a sign of its immense potential. It is time to start caring about sharing.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
46. Sharing items such as cars does good to the environment.
47. Airbnb's success clearly illustrates the emergence of a huge sharing economy.
48. The major concern about the sharing economy is how the government regulates it.
49. The most frequently shared items are those expensive to buy but not fully used.
50. The sharing economy has a promising future.
51. Online sharing will change the way business is done in transportation, travel, rentals, etc.
52. Airbnb is a website that enables owners and renters to complete transactions online.
53. The sharing economy is likely to go the way of online shopping.
54. One advantage of sharing is that owners earn money from renting out items not made full use
of.
第 12 页 共 23 页55. Sharing appeals to the sociable in that they can meet new people.
参考译文
A) (52)昨天晚上,4万人通过一项服务租到了房子。该服务提供了 25万间房屋,覆盖192个国
家的 3万个城市。他们在网上挑选房屋并在线支付一切费用。但是,他们的房子不是连锁酒
店而是由个人提供的。(47)撮合房客与房主的是一家总部设在旧金山的公司一一 Airbnb,自
2008年开展业务 以来,该公司已经为400多万人提供过服务,仅2012年就服务过250万人。
该公司是很受欢迎的新型 "共享经济"最成功的范例。通过网络协调,人们互相之间可以直接
租赁房屋、汽车、船以及其他资产。
B) 你或许认为共享经济同经营家庭旅店、拥有分时度假房或者拼车没什么区别。但是,技术
降低了交 易成本,使同别人共享资产变得比以前更加划算和容易一一因此,这种交易规模也
可能更大。共享 经济的重大改变在于它能够让你获得更多的有关对方和租赁物的信息,从而
允许把实体资产进行分 配并作为服务供人们消费。在互联网出现之前,从他人处租赁冲浪板、
电动工具或是停车场是可行 的,但同租金相比,租赁行为本身往往更麻烦。如今,像Airbnb、
RelayRides和SnapGoods这类网站 把交易双方撮合在一起;带有GPS定位功能的智能手机
能让人们看到最近的可供租赁的汽车停在 什么位置;社交网络提供了一种核对人们信息并
且能让交易各方建立信任的方式；网络支付系统来 处理订单。
我的就是你的,但得付费
C) 如同eBay的对等商务允许任何人成为一名零售商一样,共享网站可以让个人根据自己的
情况,从 事临时出租车服务、开设租车公司或是精品酒店的业务。所有这一切只要上网或是
下载一款应用程序即可。(49)这种模式适用于那些价格昂责而已经拥有它的人却无法物尽其
用的物品。最明显的 例子就是房子和汽车。除此之外,你还可以租赁瑞典的露宿营地、澳大利
亚的农场以及法国的洗衣 机。共享经济推广者的口头禅就是:共享胜过拥有。
D) 对此写过一本专著的Rachel Botsman说,仅消费者的对等租赁市场就价值260亿美元。广
义上的 共享经济还包括对等放贷或在你的房顶上安装一块太阳能电池板,然后把生产出来
的电力卖给电网 公司。当然,共享经济并不仅限于个人。网络让公司更轻易地将多余的办公
室和闲置的机器租赁出 去。但是,共享经济的核心是互相租赁东西的个人。
E) 此类"协作消费"之所以是一件好事有以下几个原因。(54)所有者可以从利用率不足的物品
中赚取费用。Airbnb称,旧金山市的那些平均每年将房屋出租58天的房主,每年能有9 300美
元的收入。 那些使用RelayRides的服务将自家汽车租赁给别人的车主每月平均收入为250
美元,有些甚至超 过了 1 000美元。与此同时,同自己购买或是从旅馆和租车公司等传统的租
赁商那里承租相比,承 租人的费用也降低了不少。(46)共享经济还有益于环保。在需要时租
车而不是买车,这意味着汽车 的需求量减少,那么用于制造汽车所需求的资源也必定会越来
越少。
F) (55)对善于交际的人来说,待在自己的家里就可以结交新朋友是共享经济的一个魅力所在。
把每个 房屋出租者当作谋杀犯的性格個强的人仍能住在传统的旅馆里。对于其他人来说,网
络可以增进信 任。由于软件平台的管理方对交易方的背景进行核实,交易方通常都要对每笔
交易进行在线打分和 评级,这使得人们容易识别出懒惰的司机、偷浴衣的小偷以及把冲浪板
第 13 页 共 23 页弄坏的人。通过使用 Facebook和其他社交网络,参与者可以相互进行身份验证,鉴别出谁是
朋友(或者朋友的朋友）。一 位Airbnb用户的公寓在2011年被破坏了。但是,值得注意的是,
这个系统通常运转良好。
关注共享经济的未来
G) (53)共享经济有点像15年前始于美国的网上购物。开始的时候,人们对它的安全性有所担
心。但 是,在经历了一次成功购物后，比如说在亚马逊网站，人们对在其他网站进行购物就感
到放心了。同 样,有了第一次使用Airbnb或者某项租车服务的经验就会鼓励人们去尝试其
他服务。其次,看一看 eBay。开始的时候,eBay只是一个对等市场,而如今的eBay已被专业
的"强力卖家"所主导(其中许 多人创业时只是eBay的普通卖家）。(53)同样的情况也可能发
生在共享经济上,这也能给企业提供新的机遇。比如说,有些人之所以买车就是为了把车租出
去赚钱。
H) 现有的租赁企业也正在涉足这一行业。租车公司Avis入股了其共享经济对手,通用汽车和
戴姆勒 这两个汽车制造商也这样做。未来,公司可能发展成溜合模式,只要是用不着或者是
难以物尽其用 的商品(不管是交通工具、各种装备还是办公空间)都可以放到对等租赁网站
上。过去,在线交易的 新方式没有完全取代传统模式。但前者经常改变后者。就像在线购物迫
使沃尔玛和乐购做出调整那样，(51)网络共享将改变交通、旅游、装备出租和更多的行业。
I) (48)人们主要的担心在于监管的不确定性。例如:房屋出租者也要缴纳旅馆税吗？在荷兰，
阿姆斯特丹的官员正在利用Airbnb的列表来追踪没有菅业执照的旅馆。在美国的一些城市，
由于传统的 出租车公司的游说,一些城市已经取消了对等租车服务。共享经济面临的危险在
于,尽管有些法规 需要更新才能保护消费者免受伤害,现有租赁企业会尽其所能破坏竞争。
把房子租给别人的房屋出 租者当然应该纳税,但是当局不能把这些人当作丽思卡尔顿酒店
一样来监管。通常用来监管连锁家 庭旅店的那些相对较轻的监管措施更适用。
J)共享经济是互联网对于消费者的价值的最新例证。(50)对于监管者和传统企业来说,这种新
兴的模 式的冲击力之大足以令他们惊醒。这是其巨大潜力的一个信号。是时候开始重视共
享经济了。
答案46-55 EAICJ HAGEF
答案详解
46. 【定位】由cars和environment定位到E)段最后—句。
E)【 精析】细节辨认题。定位段详细阐释了共享经济 "协作消费"的三大优势:一是物尽其用并
可以赚 取费用;二是承租费用降低;三是有益于环境。在 谈到第三大优势时,作者以租赁汽车
为例来说明 租赁能够减少汽车的需求量,制造汽车的资源需 求也会相应降低,从而有利于环
保。由此可知,共 享汽车有益于环保。题干是对第三大优势的概括,故答案为E)。
47. 【定位】由题干中的Airbnb, huge和sharing economy定位到A)段最后三句。
A)【 精析】细节推断题。A)段以Airbnb为例，通过 列举数字来说明共享经济已初见成效。定
第 14 页 共 23 页位句中 的 4 million, 2.5 million 等数字表明,Airbnb 在 开展业务的短短几年的时间里,它的
共享经济模式已经取得了巨大成功，随后类推这种经济模式 很受欢迎,有巨大潜力。题千是
对定位句的推断 总结,故答案为A)。
48. 【定位】由题干中的major concern和regulates定 位到I)段第一句。
I【) 精析】同义转述题。定位段主要讲述了人们对于 政府如何监管共享经济心存担优，并举例
说明，如 阿姆斯特丹的官员正在利用Airbnb的列表来追 踪没有营业执照的旅馆,美国一些
城市也因传统 出租车公司的游说取消了对等租车服务。这些例子都表明共享经济的发展受
到传统势力的阻烧， 政府如何处理两者的关系成为共享经济能否发展 的重要因素。题干中
的 major concern 和 how the government regulates it 是对原文中 main worry 和 regulatory
uncertainty的同义转述,故答案为I)。
49. 【定位】由题干中的expensive to buy和not fully used定位到C)段第三句。
C)【精析】同义转述题。C)段意在说明共享经济的 交易模式和交易物品。作者认为,共享经济
模式尤其适用于那些价格昂贵而又无法物尽其用的物 品,房子和汽车就是明显的例子。题干
中的most frequently shared items 和 not fully used 是对原 文中 The models works for items
和 do not make full use of them 的同义转述,expensive to buy 则 与原文直接对应，故答案为
C)。
50. 【定位】由题干中的sharing economy和promising future定位到J)段第二、三句。
J)【精析】细节辨认题。J)段意在说明共享经济崛起的事实。这种正在崛起的模式冲击力之大
足以令 监管者和传统企业清醒,这表明共享经济模式有巨大的潜力，前景广阔。题千中的
promising future对应原文中的immense potential,故答案 为J)。
51. 【定位】由题干中的Online sharing和transportation, travel, rentals定位到H)段末句。
H)【精析】细节辨认题。定位段主要讲述了两方面内 容:一是传统租赁行业也涉足于共享经
济;二是共 享经济模式影响了传统的经菅模式。在讲述第二 方面的内容时,作者做了一个推
论:大前提是网络 共享改变了传统的经菅模式,小前提是网上购物 改变了沃尔妈和乐购的经
营方式,结论是网络共享必定会改变一些行业传统的经营模式。题干中的 change 和
transportation, travel, rentals 是对原文中 shake up 和 transport, tourism, equipment- hire的同
义转述,故答案为H)。
52. 【定位】由题〒中的Airbnb, website和online定 位到A)段第一至四句。
A) 【精析】细节归纳题。定位段以Airbnb为例说明 共享经济已初现端愧并列举数字佐证,数
以万计 的房客和房主通过Airbnb网络平台联系在一起， 从挑选房屋到支付一切费用都是
在线完成。简而言之,Airbnb是一个联系房主和房客的网络平台。 题干中的 complete
transactions online 是原文中的 They chose their rooms and paid for everything online的同义转
述,故答案为A)。
53. 【定位】由题干中的sharing economy和online shopping定位到G)段第一句。
第 15 页 共 23 页G) 【精析】细节推断题。定位段开始指出共享经济有 点像网上购物,然后作者进一步说明两
者的相似 之处:一是用户从担心到信任这种过程;二是这种 模式为商家提供机遇。作者由此
推断,共享经济 同样也会经历类似的过程.故答案为G)。
54. 【定位】由题干中的earn money和items not made full use of定位到E)段第二句。
E)【 精析】同义转述题。定位处从出租者、承租者和 环保三个方面说明"协作消费"的优势。对
于出租 者来说,他们可以物尽其用并有所收人,作者引用 了 Airbnb和'RelayRides两家网络
平台的数据来 说明"协作消费"对出.租者的优势。题干中的 items not made full use of 是对原
文中 underused assets的同义转述,故答案为E)。
55. 【定位】由题干中的the sociable和meet new people定位到F)段第一句。
F)【 精析】同义转述题。定位段提到两种人:一种人 喜欢社交，正因如此，共享经济深深地吸
引了他 们;另一种人脾气個强,不信任他人,这种人不赞同共享经济。题干中的appeals to, the
sociable 和 meet new people 是对原文中 charm, sociable souls, meeting new people的同义转
述，故答案 为F)。
Section C
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are
influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our
eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.
Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can
increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size
and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.
A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours
after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by
how much food they'd seen in front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating.
This disparity (盖弃）suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on
our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of
experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.
"Hunger isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified
an independent role for memory for that meal，" Brunstrom says. "This shows that the relationship
between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought."
These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our
第 16 页 共 23 页body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 3S0-
calorie (卡路里）milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related
hormones （荷尔蒙），depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140
calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed
a higher-calorie shake.
What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves
into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding
TV and multitasking while eating.
The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite,
Brunstrom says.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
56. What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake?
A) How we perceive the food we eat. C) When we eat our meals.
B) What ingredients the food contains. D) How fast we eat our meals.
57. What would happen at meal time if you remembered eating a lot in the previous meal?
A) You would probably be more picky about food.
B) You would not feel like eating the same food.
C) You would have a good appetite.
D) You would not feel so hungry.
58. What do we learn from the 2011 study?
A) Food labels may mislead consumers in their purchases.
B) Food labels may influence our body’s response to food.
C) Hunger levels depend on one's consumption of calories.
D) People tend to take in a lot more calories than necessary.
59. What does Brunstrom suggest we do to control our appetite?
A) Trick ourselves into eating less. C) Concentrate on food while eating.
B) Choose food with fewer calories. D) Pick dishes of the right size.
第 17 页 共 23 页60. What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Eating distractions often affect our food digestion.
B) Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.
C) Our food intake is determined by our biological needs.
D) Good eating habits will contribute to our health.
56~60答案 ADBCB
参考译文
(56) (60)近年来,越来越多的研究表明:除了对能量的生理需要外,人们的食欲和食物摄取受到
诸多 因素的影响,包括人们的饮食环境和对面前食物的认知。
研究表明，例如,在电视机(或者类似的消遣)前饮食能够同时增加饥饿感和食物的摄取量。即
使是筒 单的视觉信号，比如餐盘的尺寸和灯光,也被证实会对食物分量和摄取量造成影响。
(60)新的研究显示人们的短期记忆同样对食欲起作用。(57)饭后几小时,决定人们饥饿程度的
不是 他们已食用的食物量,而是他们吃饭时面前所见到的食物量,换言之,是他们所记得的食
物量。
布里斯托大学实验心理学教授Jeffrey M. Brunstrom认为:这种差异表明人们之前的饮食记忆
对食 欲造成的影响可能超过食物的真实数量对食欲造成的影响。
"饥饿程度不仅仅与最近所食食物的特征有关。我们已经确认了最近饮食在记忆中的独立作
用 Brunstrom说,"这表明饥饿程度和食物摄取之间的关系要比我们想象的复杂得多。"
这些发现印证了早期的研究。(60)早期研究表明，人们对食物的认知有时会欺骗身体对食物
作出反应.例如：（58)在2011年的一项研究中,参与者在两个不同场合食用了同样含有380卡
路里的奶昔,但是 根据奶昔标签上标注的是620卡路里还是140卡路里,参与者分泌出了不
同水平的与饥饿相关的荷尔蒙。 而且,根据报告，当参与者认为自己食用了高卡路里的奶昔
时,他们感觉更饱。
这对于人们的饮食习惯意味着什么呢？尽管新发现在让人减少饮食方面显得不切实除,但是
确实能使人们认识到专注于食物、避免饮食时看电视或同时进行多项活动的益处。
(59)Brunstrom说,所谓的"用心饮食"策略能够对抗干扰,帮助人们控制食欲。
56. 【定位】由题干中的appetite和food intake定位 到首段第一句。
A)【 精析】事实细节题。文章开篇指出了人们的食欲 和食物摄取受到诸多因素的影响，包括
人们的饮 食环境和对面前食物的认知,故答案为A)。
第 18 页 共 23 页57. 【定位】由题干中的remembered和previous meal 定位到第三段第二句。
D)【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出,饭后几小时,决定人们饥饿程度的不是他们已食用的食物
量，而是他们吃饭时面前所见到的食物量,也就是说,影响人们饥饿程度的是他们记忆中的食
物量而不是胃里的食物量。由此可推断,记忆对饮食造成影 响，如果记忆中上顿饭吃了很多,
那么不管是不是 真的吃了很多,都不会感觉太饿,故答案为D)。
58. 【定位】由题干中的2011 study定位到第六段第 二句。
B)【 精析】细节归纳题。定位句详细描述了 2011年 的一项研究。在研究中，参与者在两个不
同场合 食用了相同卡路里的奶昔，但是奶昔标签上分别 标注了 620卡路里和140卡路里,
结果显示,根据 标注的中路里含量,参与者分泌了不同水平的与 饥饿相关的荷尔蒙，而且当
食用了标注620卡路 里的奶昔时,他们感觉更饱。实际上两份奶昔的 卡路里含量是相同的，
由于标签标注的不同,让人产生自我暗示,使人体对食物产生了不同的反应。 故答案为B)。
59. 【定位】由题干中的control our appetite定位到文
章最后一句。
C)【精析】细节归纳题。定位句指出，所谓的"用心饮 食"策略能够对抗干扰,帮助人们控制食
欲。也就 是Brunstrom建议我们通过"用心饮食"策略控制 饮食用心饮食"和前文中提到
的"专注于食物" 相照应,故答案为C)。
60. 【定位】由题干中的main idea定位到各部分主题 句。如第一段的第一句、第三段的第一
句、第六段 的第一句和最后一句。
B【) 精析】主旨大意题。全文可分为三个部分,第一 部分提出论点——人们的食欲和食物摄取
受到包括环境和对食物的认知等诸多因素的影响。第二部分引用相关科学研究论证这些影
响因素，特别 指出饮食环境、对食物的记忆、食物包装上的标签 对人产生的心理暗示作用
影响饮食。最后一部分 提出通过专注饮食来控制食欲的建议。对食物及 饮食环境的认知，
对食物的记忆，食物标签产生的 心理暗示等都属于心理因素,统观全文,作者一直 围绕心理
因素对食欲的影响展开论述，故答案 为B)。
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
As a society we might want to rethink the time and money spent on education, so that these
resources can benefit a greater percentage of the population. Ideally, both high schools and
colleges can prepare individuals for the ever-changing roles that are likely to be expected of them.
High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work than they might, or than
many other nations currently offer, creating a growing skills gap in our economy. We encourage
students to go on to college whether they are prepared or not, or have a clear sense of purpose or
interest, and now have the highest college dropout rate in the world.
第 19 页 共 23 页We might look to other countries for models of how high schools can offer better training, as well
as the development of a work ethic (勤奋工作的美德）and the intellectual skills needed for
continued learning and development. I recommend Harvard's 2011 "Pathways to Prosperity"
report for more attention to the "forgotten half" (those who do not go on to college) and ideas
about how to address this issue.
Simultaneously, the liberal arts become more important than ever. In a knowledge economy where
professional roles change rapidly and many college students are preparing for positions that may
not even exist yet, the skill set needed is one that prepares them for change and continued
learning.
Learning to express ideas well in both writing and speech, knowing how to find information, and
knowing how to do research are all-solid background skills for a wide variety of roles, and such
training is more important than any particular major in a liberal arts college. We need to continue
to value broad preparation in thinking skills ihat will serve for a lifetime.
Students also need to learn to work independently and to make responsible decisions. The
lengthening path to adulthood appears exacerbated (惡化）by parental involvement in the college
years. Given the rising investment in college education, parental concern is not surprising, but
learning where and when to intervene (干预）will help students take more ownership of the
outcomes of these increasingly costly educations.
注意：此部分试越请在答题卡2上作答。
61. What kind of education does the author think is ideal?
A) It benefits the great majority of the general population.
B) It prepares students to meet the future needs of society.
C) It encourages students to learn throughout their lives.
D) It ensures that students' expectations are successfully fulfilled.
62. What does the author say is the problem with present high school education?
A) Ignoring the needs of those who don't go to college.
B) Teaching skills to be used right after graduation only.
C) Giving little attention to those having difficulty learning.
D) Creating the highest dropout rate in the developed world.
63. What characterizes a knowledge economy according to the passage?
第 20 页 共 23 页A) People have to receive higher education to qualify for a professional position.
B) Students majoring in liberal arts usually have difficulty securing a job.
C) New positions are constantly created that require people to keep learning.
D) Colleges find it hard to teach students how to cope with the changing economy.
64. What does the author think a liberal arts college should focus on?
A) Solid background knowledge in a particular field.
B) Practical skills urgently needed in current society.
C) Basic skills needed for change and lifelong learning.
D) Useful thinking skills for advanced academic research.
65. What suggestion docs the author offer to parents?
A) Rethinking the value of higher education.
B) Investing wisely in their children's education.
C) Helping their children lo bring their talent into full play.
D) Avoiding too much intervention in their children’s education.
61~65答案 BDCCD
参考译文
我们的社会应该反思花费在教育上的时间和金钱,以便这些资源能使更多的人受益。(61)理想
上,高中和大学都应该能培养可以适应未来角色变化的学生。
(62)高中学历所提供给学生的就业准备远比预期少,或者远比目前其他国家所提供的少,因而
造成了 经济中不新扩大的技能差距。不管学生有没有做好准备,有没有明确的目标或兴趣,
我们都鼓励他们继续读大学,因而产生了自前世界上最高的大学辍学率。
我们可以借鉴其他国家的做法,学习高中阶段如何提供更好的培训，同时培养学生勤奋工作
的美德及 继续学习和发展所需的心智技能。我向大家推荐哈佛大学2011年"迈向繁荣之
路"报告,来更多地关注 "被遗忘的一半"(那些没上大学的人)以及解决这一问题的观点。
同时,人文科学比以往任何阶段都更重要。(63)在知识型经济中，职业角色迅速变化,很多大学
生为 之准备的职位甚至可能还不存在,他们所需的是能让他们适应变化和继续学习的技能
组合。
第 21 页 共 23 页(64)学会在书面和口头陈述中很好地表达观点,知道如何寻找信息及如何作调查研究都是为
适应各 种不同角色所应具备的扎实的背景技术。在文理学院,此类的培训比任何一门专业都
重要。我们需要继续重视并广泛培养将会終生受益的思维技能。
学生们还需要学会独立学习,学会做出负责任的决定。由于家长在大学阶段的参与,通向成年
的漫长 道路看起来好像更长了。考虑到对大学教育不断攀升的投资,家长的担心也不足为奇，
(65)但是学会如何地进行干预将会有助于学生享受这些日益昂责的教育所带来的成果。
答案详解
61. 【定位】由题干中的ideal定位到第一段第二句。
B) 【精析】语义理解题。定位句指出:理想上,高中和 大学都应该能培养学生适应未来角色的
变化。此 句表明在未来社会中，人们的角色会不断发生变 化,理想的教育就是能培养适应这
种变化的人才，也就是说,理想的教育可以满足未来社会的需求，故答案为B)。
62. 【定位】由题干中的problem, high school定位到第二段。
D【) 精析】事实细节题。作者在文章第二段论述了目 前高中教育的问题,如提供给学生的就业
准备不 足,造成了经济中不断扩大的技能差距。盲目鼓 励学生读大学造成了目前世界上最
高的大学綴学 率,故答案为D)。
63. 【定位】由题干中的knowledge economy定位到 第四段第二句。
C) 【精析】细节推断题。定位句提到，在知识型经济 中,职业角色变化迅速,很多大学生为之
准备的职位甚至可能还不存在。由此可推断,知识型经济 的特征是职业的迅速变化,新的职
位不断地被创 造,有些读书时还不存在的职位可能在毕业时出 现,届时,在学校里学到的知
识就远远不够了，因此人们需要持续学习来适应这些不断被创造出的 新职位，故答案为C)。
64.【定位】由题干中的liberal arts college定位到第 五段第一句。
C【) 精析】细节归纳题。文章第五段提到在文理学 院,这些培训比任何一门专业都重要。"这些
培训"指上文提到的"学会在口失和书面陈述中很好 地表达观点，知道如何寻找信息并且知
道如何作 调査研究",而这些技能培训是为了适应未来的变 化，故答案为C)。
65.【定位】由题干中的suggestion和parents定位到 文章最后一句。
【精析】细节归纳题。最后一段提到由于家长在 大学阶段的参与，通向成年的漫长道路看起
来好 像更长了 ",这句话我们可以理解为家长在大学阶 段过多参与孩子的教育会影响孩子
的成长。文章 最后指出"学会何时何地进行干预将会有助于学生享受这些日益昂贵的教育所
带来的成果。"也就是说，作者建议家长学会适当的参与，避免过多的干预,这样才能使孩子更
好地成长,使教育取得更 大的成效,故答案为D)。
翻译参考译文Many people are fond of Chinese cuisine. In China, cooking is reg
arded not only as acraftsmanship, but also as an art. 'Well-prepaied Chinese c
uisine is both tasty and good-looking. The culinary skills and dish ingredients
第 22 页 共 23 页vary in different regions of China. However,good Chinese cuisine always share
s something in common, that is, the color, aroma, taste andnutrition. As foo
d is vital for one's health, a good chef is always trying to strike a balanceam
ong grain, meat and vegetables. That's why Chinese cuisine is tasty and healt
hy.
第 23 页 共 23 页
