文档内容
2018 年 12 月大学英语六级考试真题（第 3 套）
Part I Writing (30minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance work and leisure. You should
writeatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Part II ListeningComprehension (30minutes)
说明：由于2018年12月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一
样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
PartIII ReadingComprehension (40minutes)
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalist
of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.
Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2
withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
In what’s probably the craziest headline I’ve ever written, I’ve reported that 26 in livestock protection are
happening with scientists painting eyes on the butts of cows. The experiment is based upon the idea that farmers who’re
protecting their herd from lions would shoot and kill lions in an effort to protect their livestock. While this makes a lot of
sense,itresultsinmanyliondeathsthat 27 wouldhavebeenunnecessary.ResearchersinAustraliahavebeen 28 and
testingamethodoftrickerytomakelionsthinktheyarebeingwatchedbythepaintedeyesoncowbutts.
Thisidea isbasedontheprinciplethatlionsandother 29 arefarlesslikelytoattackwhentheyfeeltheyarebeing
watched.As conservation areas become smaller, lions are increasingly coming into contact with human populations, which
areexpandingtothe 30 oftheseprotectedareas.
Efforts like painting eyes on cow butts may seem crazy at first, but they could make actual headway in the fight for
conservation. “If the method works, it could provide farmers in Botswana—and 31 —with a low-cost, sustainable tool
toprotecttheirlivestock,andawaytokeeplionssafefrombeingkilled.”
Lionsare 32 ambush（埋伏）hunters,sowhentheyfeeltheirpreyhas 33 them,theyusuallygiveuponthehunt.
Researchersare 34 testingtheirideaonaselectherdofcattle.Theyhavepaintedhalfofthecowswitheyesandleftthe
otherhalfasnormal.Through satellitetrackingofboth theherdandthelionsinthearea,they will beableto 35 iftheir
psychologicaltrickerywillworktohelpkeepfarmersfromshootinglions.
A)advances I）otherwise
B)boundaries J)predators
C)challenging K)primarily
D)currently L）retorted
E)determine M）spotted
F)devising N)testimonies
G)elsewhere O）wrestle
H)nevertheless
- 1 -SectionB
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains
informationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychoosea
paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
letteronAnswerSheet 2.
ResilienceIsAboutHowYouRecharge,NotHowYouEndure
[A]Asconstanttravelersandparentsofa2-year-old,wesometimesfantasizeabouthowmuchworkwecandowhen
oneofusgetsonaplane,undistractedbyphones,friends,ormovies.Weracetogetallourgroundworkdone:packing,
goingthroughsecurity,doingalast-minuteworkcall,callingeachother,thenboardingtheplane.Then,whenwetrytohave
thatamazingworksessioninflight,wegetnothingdone.Evenworse,afterrefreshingouremailorreadingthesamestudies
overandover,wearetooexhaustedwhenwelandtosoldieronwith（继续处理）theemailsthathaveinevitablystillpiled
up.
[B]Whyshouldflyingdepleteus?We’rejustsittingtheredoingnothing.Whycan’twebetougher,moreresilient（有
复原力的）anddeterminedinourworksowecanaccomplishallofthegoalswesetforourselves?Basedonourcurrent
research,wehavecometorealizethattheproblemisnotourhecticscheduleortheplanetravelitself;theproblemcomes
fromamisconceptionofwhatitmeanstoberesilient,andtheresultingimpactofoverworking.
[C]Weoftentakeamilitaristic,“tough”approachtoresilienceanddeterminationlikeaMarinepullinghimselfthrough
themud,aboxergoingonemoreround,orafootballplayerpickinghimselfupoffthegroundforonemoreplay.We
believethatthelongerwetoughitout,thetougherweare,andthereforethemoresuccessfulwewillbe.However,this
entireconceptionisscientificallyinaccurate.
[D]Theverylackofarecoveryperiodisdramaticallyholdingbackourcollectiveabilitytoberesilientandsuccessful.
Researchhasfoundthatthereisadirectcorrelationbetweenlackofrecoveryandincreasedincidenceofhealthandsafety
problems.Andlackofrecovery—whetherbydisruptingsleepwiththoughtsofworkorhavingcontinuouscognitivearousal
bywatchingourphones—iscostingourcompanies$62billionayearinlostproductivity.
[E]Andjustbecauseworkstops,itdoesn’tmeanwearerecovering.We“stop”worksometimesat5pm,butthenwe
spendthenightwrestlingwithsolutionstoworkproblems,talkingaboutourworkoverdinner,andfallingasleepthinking
abouthowmuchworkwe’lldotomorrow.Inastudyjustreleased,researchersfromNorwayfoundthat7.8%ofNorwegians
havebecomeworkaholics（工作狂）.Thescientistsciteadefinitionof“workaholism”as“beingoverlyconcernedabout
work,drivenbyanuncontrollableworkmotivation,andinvestingsomuchtimeandeffortinworkthatitimpairsother
importantlifeareas.”
[F]WebelievethatthenumberofpeoplewhofitthatdefinitionincludesthemajorityofAmericanworkers,which
promptedustobeginastudyofworkaholismintheU.S..Ourstudywillusealargecorporatedatasetfromamajormedical
companytoexaminehowtechnologyextendsourworkinghoursandthusinterfereswithnecessarycognitiverecovery,
resultinginhugehealthcarecostsandturnovercostsforemployers.
[G]Themisconceptionofresilienceisoftenbredfromanearlyage.Parentstryingtoteachtheirchildrenresilience
mightcelebrateahighschoolstudentstayingupuntil3amtofinishasciencefairproject.Whatadistortionofresilience!A
resilientchildisawell-restedone.Whenanexhaustedstudentgoestoschool,heriskshurtingeveryoneontheroadwithhis
impaireddriving;hedoesn’thavethecognitiveresourcestodowellonhisEnglishtest;hehaslowerself-controlwithhis
friends;andathome,heismoodywithhisparents.Overworkandexhaustionaretheoppositeofresilienceandthebad
habitsweacquirewhenwe’reyoungonlymagnifywhenwehittheworkforce.
[H]AsJimLoehrandTonySchwartzhavewritten,ifyouhavetoomuchtimeintheperformancezone,youneedmore
timeintherecoveryzone,otherwiseyouriskburnout.Gatheringyourresourcesto“tryhard”requiresburningenergyin
ordertoovercomeyourcurrentlylowarousallevel.Italsoworsensexhaustion.Thusthemoreimbalancedwebecomedue
tooverworking,themorevaluethereisinactivitiesthatallowustoreturntoastateofbalance.Thevalueofarecovery
periodrisesinproportiontotheamountofworkrequiredofus.
- 2 -[I]Sohowdowerecoverandbuildresilience?Mostpeopleassumethatifyoustopdoingatasklikeansweringemails
orwritingapaper,yourbrainwillnaturallyrecover,sothatwhenyoustartagainlaterinthedayorthenextmorning,you’ll
haveyourenergyback.Butsurelyeveryonereadingthishashadtimeswhenyoulieinbedforhours,unabletofallasleep
becauseyourbrainisthinkingaboutwork.Ifyoulieinbedforeighthours,youmayhaverested,butyoucanstillfeel
exhaustedthenextday.That’sbecauserestandrecoveryarenotthesamething.
[J]Ifyou’retryingtobuildresilienceatwork,youneedadequateinternalandexternalrecoveryperiods.Asresearchers
Zijlstra,CropleyandRydstedtwriteintheir2014paper:“Internalrecoveryreferstotheshorterperiodsofrelaxationthat
takeplacewithintheframesoftheworkdayortheworksettingintheformofshortscheduledorunscheduledbreaks,by
shiftingattentionorchangingtootherworktaskswhenthementalorphysicalresourcesrequiredfortheinitialtaskare
temporarilydepletedorexhausted.Externalrecoveryreferstoactionsthattakeplaceoutsideofwork—e.g.inthefreetime
betweentheworkdays,andduringweekends,holidaysorvacations.”Ifafterworkyouliearoundonyourbedandget
irritatedbypoliticalcommentaryonyourphoneorgetstressedthinkingaboutdecisionsabouthowtorenovateyourhome,
yourbrainhasnotreceivedabreakfromhighmentalarousalstates.Ourbrainsneedarestasmuchasourbodiesdo.
[K]Ifyoureallywanttobuildresilience,youcanstartbystrategicallystopping.Giveyourselftheresourcestobe
toughbycreatinginternalandexternalrecoveryperiods.AmyBlanksondescribeshowtostrategicallystopduringtheday
byusingtechnologytocontroloverworking.ShesuggestsdownloadingtheInstantorMomentappstoseehowmanytimes
youturnonyourphoneeachday.YoucanalsouseappslikeOfftimeorUnpluggedtocreatetechfreezonesbystrategically
schedulingautomaticairplanemodes.Theaveragepersonturnsontheirphone150timeseveryday.Ifeverydistraction
tookonly1minute,thatwouldaccountfor2.5hoursaday.
[L]Inaddition,youcantakeacognitivebreakevery90minutestochargeyourbatteries.Trytonothavelunchatyour
desk,butinsteadspendtimeoutsideorwithyourfriends—nottalkingaboutwork.Takeallofyourpaidtimeoff,whichnot
onlygivesyourecoveryperiods,butraisesyourproductivityandlikelihoodofpromotion.
[M]Asforus,we’vestartedusingourplanetimeasawork-freezone,andthustimetodipintotherecoveryphase.
Theresultshavebeenfantastic.Weareusuallytiredalreadybythetimewegetonaplane,andthecrowdedspaceand
unstableinternetconnectionmakeworkmorechallenging.Now,insteadofswimmingupstream,werelax,sleep,watch
movies,orlistentomusic.Andwhenwegetofftheplane,insteadofbeingdepleted,wefeelrecoveredandreadytoreturn
totheperformancezone.
36.Ithasbeenfoundthatinadequaterecoveryoftenleadstopoorhealthandaccidents.
37.Mentalrelaxationismuchneeded,justasphysicalrelaxationis.
38.Adequaterestnotonlyhelpsonerecover,butalsoincreasesone’sworkefficiency.
39.Theauthoralwayshasahectictimebeforetakingaflight.
40.Recoverymaynottakeplaceevenifoneseemstohavestoppedworking.
41.Itisadvisedthattechnologybeusedtopreventpeoplefromoverworking.
42.Contrarytopopularbelief,restdoesnotequalrecovery.
43.Theauthorhascometoseethathisproblemresultsfromamisunderstandingofthemeaningofresilience.
44.People’sdistortedviewaboutresiliencemayhavedevelopedfromtheirupbringing.
45.Peopletendtothinkthemoredeterminedtheyare,thegreatertheirsuccesswillbe.
SectionC
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some question or unfinished statements. For
each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the
correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Childrenwithattentionproblemsinearlychildhoodwere40%lesslikelytograduatefromhighschool,saysanew
studyfromDukeUniversity.
Thestudyincluded386kindergartenersfromschoolsintheFastTrackProject,amulti-siteclinicaltrialintheU.S.that
in1991begantrackinghowchildrendevelopedacrosstheirlives.
- 3 -Withthisstudy,researchersexaminedearlyacademicattentionandsocio-emotionalskillsandhoweachcontributedto
academicsuccessintoyoungadulthood.
Theyfoundthatearlyattentionskillswerethemostconsistentpredictorofacademicsuccess,andthatlikabilityby
peersalsohadamodesteffectonacademicperformance.
Byfifthgrade,childrenwithearlyattentiondifficultieshadlowergradesandreadingachievementscoresthantheir
peers.Asfifth-graders,childrenwithearlyattentionproblemsobtainedaveragereadingscoresatleast3%lowerthantheir
contemporaries’andgradesatleast8%lowerthanthoseoftheirpeers.ThiswasaftercontrollingforIQ,socio-economic
statusandacademicskillsatschoolentry.
Althoughthesemaynotseemlikelargeeffects,theimpactofearlyattentionproblemscontinuedthroughoutthe
children’sacademiccareers.Lowerreadingachievementscoresandgradesinfifthgradecontributedtoreducedgradesin
middleschoolandtherebycontributedtoa40%lowerhighschoolgraduationrate.
“Thechildrenweidentifiedashavingattentiondifficultieswerenotdiagnosedwithattentiondeficithyperactivity
disorder（注意力缺乏多动症）（ADHD）,althoughsomemayhavehadthedisorder.Ourfindingssuggestthatevenmore
modestattentiondeanofDuke’sTrinityCollegeofArts&Sciences,whoseresearchhasfocusedonADHDand
interventionstoimproveacademicperformanceinchildrenwithattentiondifficulties.
Socialacceptancebypeersinearlychildhoodalsopredictedgradesinfifthgrade.Childrennotaslikedbytheir
first-gradepeershadslightlylowergradesinfifthgrade,whilethosewithhighersocialacceptancehadhighergrades.
“Thisstudyshowstheimportanceofso-called‘non-cognitive’orsoftskillsincontributingtochildren’spositivepeer
relationships,which,inturn,contributetotheiracademicsuccess,”saidKennethDodge,directoroftheDukeCenterfor
ChildandFamilyPolicy.
Theresultshighlighttheneedtodevelopeffectiveearlyinterventionstohelpthosewithattentionproblemsstayon
trackacademicallyandforeducatorstoencouragepositivepeerrelationships,theresearcherssaid.
“We’relearningthatstudentsuccessrequiresamorecomprehensiveapproach,onethatincorporatesnotonlyacademic
skillsbutalsosocial,self-regulatoryandattentionskills,”Dodgesaid.“Ifweneglectanyoftheseareas,thechild’s
developmentlags.Ifweattendtotheseareas,achild’ssuccessmayreinforceitselfwithpositivefeedbackloops.”
46.WhatisthefocusofthenewstudyfromDukeUniversity?
A)Thecontributorstochildren’searlyattention.
B)Thepredictorsofchildren’sacademicsuccess.
C)Thefactorsthataffectchildren’semotionalwell-being.
D)Thedeterminantsofchildren’sdevelopmentofsocialskills.
47.Howdidtheresearchersensurethattheirfindingsarevalid?
A)Byattachingequalimportancetoallpossiblevariablesexamined.
B)Bycollectingasmanytypicalsamplesaswerenecessary.
C)Bypreventingthemfrombeingaffectedbyfactorsnotunderstudy.
D)Byfocusingonthefamilybackgroundofthechildrenbeingstudied.
48.WhatdowelearnfromthefindingsoftheDukestudy?
A)Modeststudentsaregenerallymoreattentivethantheircontemporaries.
B)Therearemorechildrenwithattentiondifficultiesthanpreviouslythought.
C)Attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorderaccountsformostacademicfailures.
D)Children’sacademicperformancemaysufferfromevenslightinattention.
49.WhatdoestheDukestudyfindaboutchildrenbetteracceptedbypeers?
A)Theydobetteracademically. B)Theyareeasytogetonwith.
C)Theyareteachers’favorites. D)Theycarelessaboutgrades.
50.WhatcanweconcludefromtheDukestudy?
A)Children’ssuccessisrelatedtotheirlearningenvironment.
B)Schoolcurriculumshouldcoveragreatervarietyofsubjects.
C)Socialskillsareplayingakeyroleinchildren’sdevelopment.
D)Anall-roundapproachshouldbeadoptedinschooleducation.
- 4 -PassageTwo
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage
On Jan.9,2007, Steve Jobs formally announced Apple’s “revolutionary mobile phone”—a device that combined the
functionalityofaniPod,phoneandInternetcommunicationintoasingleunit,navigatedbytouch.
It was a huge milestone in the development of smartphones, which are now owned by a majority of American adults
andareincreasinglycommonacrosstheglobe.
As smartphones have multiplied, so have questions about their impact on how we live and how we work. Often the
advantages of convenient, mobile technology are both obvious and taken for granted, leaving more subtle topics for
concerneddiscussion:Aresmartphonesdisturbingchildren’ssleep?Isaninabilitytogetawayfromworkhavinganegative
impactonhealth?Andwhataretheimplicationsforprivacy?
But today, on the 10th anniversary of the iPhone, let’s take a moment to consider a less obvious advantage: the
potentialforsmartphonetechnologytorevolutionizebehavioralscience.That’sbecause,forthefirsttime inhumanhistory,
a large proportion of the species is in continuous contact with technology that can record key features of an individual’s
behaviorandenvironment.
Researchers have already begun to use smartphones in social scientific research, either to query people regularly as
they engage in their normal lives or to record activity using the device’s built-in sensors. These studies are confirming,
challenging and extending what’s been found using more traditional approaches, in which people report how they behaved
inreallifeorparticipateinrelativelyshortandartificiallaboratory-basedtasks.
Such studies are just first steps. As more data are collected and methods for analysis improve, researchers will be in a
betterpositionto identifyhow differentexperiences,behaviors andenvironmentsrelate toeachotherandevolve over time,
with the potential to improve people’s productivity and wellbeing in a variety of domains. Beyond revealing
population-widepatterns,therightcombinationofdataandanalysiscanalsohelpindividualsidentifyuniquecharacteristics
oftheirown behavior, includingconditionsthat could indicatethe need for some formofintervention—suchasanunusual
increaseinbehaviorsthatsignalaperiodofdepression.
Smartphone-based data collection comes at an appropriate time in the evolution of psychological science. Today, the
field is in transition, moving away from a focus on laboratory studies with undergraduate participants towards more
complex,real-worldsituationsstudiedwithmorediversegroupsofpeople.Smartphonesoffernewtoolsforachievingthese
ambitions,providingrichdataabouteverydaybehaviorsinavarietyofcontexts.
So here’s another way in which smartphones might transform the way we live and work: by offering insights into
humanpsychologyandbehaviorand,thus,supportingsmartersocialscience.
51.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthenegativeimpactofsmartphones?
A)Ithasbeenovershadowedbythepositiveimpact.
B)Ithasmoreoftenthannotbeentakenforgranted.
C)Itisnotsoobviousbuthascausedsomeconcern.
D)Itissubtlebutshouldbynomeansbeoverstated.
52.Whatisconsideredalessobviousadvantageofsmartphonetechnology?
A)Itsystematicallyrecordsrealhumaninteractions.
B)Ithelpspeoplebenefitfromtechnologicaladvances.
C)Itbringspeopleintoclosercontactwitheachother.
D)Itgreatlyimprovesresearchonhumanbehavior.
53.Whatcharacterizestraditionalpsychologicalresearch?
A)Itisbasedonhugeamountsofcarefullycollecteddata.
B)Itreliesonlabobservationsandparticipants’reports.
C)Itmakesuseofthequestionnairemethod.
D)Itisoftenexpensiveandtime-consuming.
54.Howwillfuturepsychologicalstudiesbenefitindividuals?
A)Byhelpingthempindowntheirunusualbehaviors.
- 5 -B)Byhelpingthemmaintainapositivestateofmind.
C)Byhelpingthemlivetheirlivesinauniqueway.
D)Byhelpingthemcopewithabnormalsituations.
55.Whatdowelearnaboutcurrentpsychologicalstudies?
A)Theyaregoingthroughaperiodofpainfultransition.
B)Theyareincreasinglyfocusedonreal-lifesituations.
C)Theyareconductedinamorerigorousmanner.
D)Theyaremainlytargetedtowardsundergraduates.
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write
your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
近年来，中国政府进一步加大体育馆建设投资，以更好地满足人们快速增长的健身需求。除了
新建体育馆外，许多城市换采取了改造旧工厂和商业建筑等措施，来增加当地体育馆的数量。在政府
资金的支持下，越来越多的体育馆向公众免费开放，或者只收取少量费用。许多体育馆通过应用现代
信息技术大大提高了服务质量。人民可以方便地在线预订场地和付费。可以预见，随着运动设施的不
断改善，愈来愈多的人将会去体育馆健身。
- 6 -
