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专题 17 阅读理解七选五(说明文)
2023年
Passage 1
【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is
human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring?
Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your
personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve
done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing
without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange
thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t
wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The
thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to
develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
Passage 2
【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious
followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what
it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspirationand may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___16___ You’ll want to look back on your
journey to see how far you’ve come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether
you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___17___
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___18___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful.
Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a
painting every day for a month and post the works online.
·___19___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social
media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my
level of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___20___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort.
You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
.
A Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
Passage 3
【2023年全国乙卷】Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they
are the unsung heroes of the home. ____16____, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing
by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to
look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants?
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these
species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. ____17____.
Why are indoor plants good for you?
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “____18____. I find during the winter months,
plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants
can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air aroundthem by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or
cooking. ____19____.
Which plants can you grow?
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy
plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and
you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “____20____,” Spoelstra says.
“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
Passage 4
【2023年全国甲卷】Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There
is one answer. ___16___.
In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However,
research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.
___17___. “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
● Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research
suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit
of waiting is to practice. ___18___. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra
minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply
it to other, more annoying situations.
● ___19___.
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when weexperience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to
say to yourself, “___20___.” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
Passage 5
【2023年北京卷】It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families
as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a
decision. ____35____
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not
counted in rankings. ____36____
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching
than courses in higher-ranked universities. ____37____ The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is
surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most
important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.
Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education.
Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.
____38____ Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the
result？ Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
____39____ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with
more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank
schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.
What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-
quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.
A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.
2022年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2022年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your
Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ”
while another read: “___16___” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle
(微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___17___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to
move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a
useful response. ___18___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training
she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It
also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___19___
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___20___ Over time, both of you will benefit —
your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your
relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
Passage2
【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the processcan be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
___16___ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write
nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ___17___ Don’t
worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a
good store of ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ___18___ Yet, by
learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄
皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete
highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision.
___19___ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing
revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can
enter your changes into your word processor. ___20___ The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C. The second draft of the essay should be better.
D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
Passage3
【2022年全国乙卷】Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to
sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one
another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___16___.
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted
and what method works best for you both. ___17___. There are alternatives to constant written communication,
such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)___18___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the
friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel
abandoned.
· ___19___
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might
make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that
keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
___20___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.
Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever
possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
Passage4
【2022年全国甲卷】Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___16___. Knowing
some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the
world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down
between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.
___17___ .
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you
to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___18___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch
any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.Making Requests
___19___ . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their
seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various
countries. ___20___ , the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
Passage5
【2022 年北京卷】Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various
pressures, we tend to ignore our health. ____35____ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these
diseases.
____36____ We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be
attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not
have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. ____37____ This does not
definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic
conditions we live in.
It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. ____38____ For instance, we must
exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age
groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.
Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It
helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. ____39____ This, in turn, gives us
new goals of health and fitness.
A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life.
B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.
C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.
D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.
F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.
G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.
Passage6
【2022年浙江卷6月】I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their
Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give
Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. ____11____
Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to
achieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. ____12____ And when writing doesn’t
seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.
Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children
write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. ____13____ You write
“Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect.
____14____ Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly
producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal
language most of the time.
There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done.
____15____ This type of writing won’t be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential
client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience.
A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write.
B. But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be.
C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted.
E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.
F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.
G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
Passage7
【2022年浙江卷1月】I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that
allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. 11
Pick the most important.
12 Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. 1 chose the life of an adviser because I liketo work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle 1
want.
Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. 13
Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find
people in your company who share common interests and develop your career （职业）around the people and
activities you love.
14
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things
that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to
gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress
and keep refining （改进）toward a happy productive existence. 15 Every completion is a small victory that adds
up in a big way.
A. Speed up.
B. Be an active learner.
C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
Passage8
【2022年浙江卷6月】I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their
Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give
Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. ____11____
Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to
achieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. ____12____ And when writing doesn’t
seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.
Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children
write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. ____13____ You write“Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect.
____14____ Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly
producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal
language most of the time.
There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done.
____15____ This type of writing won’t be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential
client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience.
A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write.
B. But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be.
C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted.
E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.
F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.
G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
2021年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which
you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate
the benefits of being able to read more quickly. ____16____
·Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back and
the book should be at the right distance from your eyes. ____17____
____18____ Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc.This will help you to decide
whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it. Ten minutes spent in this way could save
you quite a lot of time in the long run.
If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time. ____19____ A
history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific
subjects. In the former case you may be able to read a chapter. In the latter you may only be able to read one page.
Always keep a pencil and paper beside you. ____20____Note also the facts important for your purpose as
well as anything which leads you to further research. You don't have to write these things in detail. It is enough to
put the page number and one or two words as a reminder .A. Stop to have a rest now and then.
B. Spend a few minutes looking through the book.
C. This depends on the type of book you are reading.
D. Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.
E. Make a note of any page which is of special importance.
F. You may find yourself having to leam something by heart.
G. Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.
Passage2
【2021年全国甲卷】Swap, Don’t shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge
amount of natural resources（资源）to make, and buying loads of new clothing（or throwing out old clothing）is
not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them
clothes piled on your bedroom floor? ____16____. It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes
from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how
much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. ____17____ , and there may not be enough things to
choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
●____18____. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their "new" clothes home.
●Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.____19____. Place a few mirrors around
your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be
that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
●Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. ____20____. And don't
forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
.
F Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good conditionPassage3
【2021年全国乙卷】According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make
yourself interesting at a dinner party.
___36___, if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time.
So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.
People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do
you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking
to. ___37___, it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who
were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.
___38___? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox （讲台）.
If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the
situation.___39___.
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a
dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment（赞扬）.
___40___. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”
So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
Passage4
【2021年北京卷】Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people．
____35____ The mental health benefits from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many
other health problems behind the scenes．
____36____However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting
（分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course，
can lead to less pain．
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed．____37____While the validity of theidea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to
researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels，
through the lowering of stress and anxiety．
When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the
tempo that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the
researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure．____38____ On the other hand，when the music
slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow
suit．
____39____But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，
which is what makes music so valuable．
A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems．
B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud．
C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing．
D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep．
E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive．
F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety．
G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were．
Passage5
【2021年浙江卷1月】You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need,
head to the front, and choose the line that looks fastest.
You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to
the parking lot. 11 ．
It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster.
Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum
delay. 12 ． Any small interruption - a price check, a chatty customer-can have downstream effects, holding up an
entire line.
If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the
probability: 13 ． So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.
Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line-
called a serpentine line - and serve each person at the front with the next available register. 14 ． This is what theydo at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish
the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.
15 ． It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or
manpower. So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck.
A．Why does this always seem to happen to you?
B．So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines?
C．Some of the may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.
D．The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
E.How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?
F.With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G.But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.
2020年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2020年新课标Ⅰ】A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance
We all want it… to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 36.
Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
●37. Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you
hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your
own;you are the only you in this world.
●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes
and our failures. 38. You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you
could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? ＂That didn’t go as planned.
But, I tried my best.＂
●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength
before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you
got out of bed today. 39.
●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words
why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. 40. Turn to a
page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?
A. Feeling upset again?B. Where do you start?
C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D. Remember, you are only human.
E.Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F.Stop comparing yourself with others.
G.When does the comparison game start?
Passage2
【2020年新课标Ⅱ】Emoji(表情符号) and Workplace Communication
In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and
play. 36. . It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping
intention clear. 37. , encouraging better and more frequent communication.
In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in
communication style can be a challenge. 38. . While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for
those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). The good news is
that it’s simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
There is also the matter of tone(语气). Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day?
39. . Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging
smile.
40. , and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding
smiling emojis to their business communication, you’ll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.
A. Message with emojis feel more conversational
B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E.Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F.Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G.An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
Passage3
【2020年新课标Ⅲ】 A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into
a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party isa chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 36. And it is good time to fill the
new space with love and hopeful presents.
37. Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local stores. Some
common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if
there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a
plant.
38. This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usually no
planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give
all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person
moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 39.
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood
to a new home as a gift. 40. Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.
A. This isn’t usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E.It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F.The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G.This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
Passage4
【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】 Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.16. Do
you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.
People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to
give a speech, you focus on the “public”at the expense of the”speaking. “ 17. Focus on the speaking. Talk
directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is
the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of
a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.18.
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.19. And like everything else in life, that takes practice.
Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.20. It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. “On the other hand, you probably
can’t count the times that you’ve thought, “I’m glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! “So surprise your
audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It’s better to leave your listeners
wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A. Do the opposite.
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don’ t need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E.The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience
F.Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G.However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
Passage5
【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷（海南卷）】Talking with your doctor
Talking freely with your doctor can make you feel better and gives your doctor the information she or he needs
to give you the best care. Don't be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you.____16____
●Stay positive.
Go to your doctor's visits with a good attitude.____17____Think teamwork! Think positive!
●Keep track of how you are feeling.
____18____This will make it easier for you to answer questions about your symptoms（症状）and how
medicines make you feel. It also makes it easier for you to bring up anything that you are worried about. Make sure
to be honest about how you feel and how long you've felt that way.
●____19____
Your medical history is a list of your illnesses, treatments, what the doctors told you to do, and anything else
you think your doctor should know. Also, if you are allergic（过敏）to any medicines, be sure to mention that to
your doctor.
●Ask questions.
Do not be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have. To remember all the questions you have when you
are not in the doctor's office, write them down and bring the list with you to your
appointment.____20____Remember—there's no such thing as a stupid question. If you don't understand the answer
to a question, ask the doctor to explain it again until you do understand.
A. This will make getting answers easier.B. Here are some tips for talking with your doctor.
C. You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don't work.
D. Before your doctor's visit, keep notes on how you are feeling.
E. Remember, your doctor and other caregivers are on your side.
F. Bring your medical history, including a list of your current medicines.
G. Writing down what the doctor says will help you remember important information.
Passage6
【2020年北京卷】Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand
and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks
to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some
events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.____46____Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop
negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking
tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to
believe in themselves and in what they do.
____47____People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and
anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also
contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.____48____For example, researchers have found
that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide
a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety. Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as
a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the
contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.____49____
In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the
quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a
problem.____50____
Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health.
A. It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort, either.
B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect.
C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations.
D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind.
E. As thinking changes, an individual's behaviour and habits change as well.F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.
G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small.
Passage7
【2020年浙江卷1月】Let's take a minute to think about the water we use. The human body is 60% water
and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy. When we are thirsty we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with
clean water.
___31___For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we
turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.
The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want，but this is not the case for many
people around the world.___32___That's around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water，we can
catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500，000 children die from diarrhea(腹泻)from
dirty water. That's around 1，400 children every day！Also，in some countries children walk many kilometres
every day to get water.___33___Therefore，they don't have time to learn how to read or write and don't get an
education.
___34___On this day every year，countries around the world hold events to educate people about the
problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. At one
school in the UK，children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water.___35___People give
them money to do this and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world.
A. We use water indirectly too.
B. Every system in our body depends on water to function.
C. It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems
D. If children walk many hours a day to get water，they can't go to school.
E. Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink？
F. In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.
G. In this way，they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles.
2019年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2019年全国卷 Ⅰ】Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” ____36____ According to
recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good.___37___ If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-
then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to
breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.
Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing( 治愈).
_____38_____ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking
at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情
绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a
faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. ______39______ It gives us a great feeling of peace.
___40___While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure
you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes
sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of
Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
Passage 2
【2019 年全国卷Ⅱ】Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the
question:“Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two
sides of same coin. ___36___Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.
___37___ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate
yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your
you’re your goals
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly
related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ___38___ So, slow down and
think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your
beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible.____39____ They also need to be measurable. Youmust keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become
one because your eyesight is not good enough.____40____You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to
set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome
them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it
Passage 3
【2019年全国卷 III】In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is
very important. ___36___ While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can
arise. Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑)of each to their particular circumstance.
Do's
• ___37___ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the
course design, read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't
hiding in plain sight.
• Participate in discussion forums(论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. ___38___ Be sure
to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don'ts
• Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your
best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. ___39___
• Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. ___40___ When a student attacks a professor on the
social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor's
professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A. That's what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do's and don' ts for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
Passage 4
【2019年浙江卷6月】Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit
among all music groups, they make very different music. ___31___ At that time the Beatles entered the world of
music from Liverpool.
After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with
nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. ___32___ They held large
concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as
a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(传说). John Lennon and Paul
McCartney were named composers of the year.
___33___ They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. Beatlemania hit New
York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them. ___34___ The concert was
broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time. The Beatles
were described as a British invasion(入侵)by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in
America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot
of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. ___35___
A. They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.
B. Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.
C. Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.
D. However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come.
E. Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.
F. They appeared in the films A Hard Day's Night(1964)and Help！(1965).
G. They performed their first concert in America at CBS television's 53rd street studio.
Passage 5
【2018年浙江卷11月】Some people are so rude. Who sends an e-mail or a text message that just says
“Thank you?” Who leaves a voice mail message rather than texts you? Who asks for a fact easily found on the
Internet? ______31______Maybe I’m the rude one for not appreciating life’s little courtesies(礼节). But many social norms(规范) just
don’t make sense to people drowning in digital communication.
Take the thank-you note. Daniel Post Senning, a coauthor of Emily Post’s Etiquette，asked, “At what point
does showing appreciation outweigh the cost?”
_____32_____ Think of how long it takes to listen to one of those messages. In texts, you don’t have to
declare who you are or even say hello. E-mail, too, is slower than a text. The worst are those who leave a voice mail
and then send an e-mail message to tell you they left a voice mail.
This isn’t the first time technology has changed our manners, ____33____ Alexander Graham Bell, the
inventor, suggested that people say, " Ahoy! "Finally, hello won out, and the victory sped up the greeting's use in
face-to-face communications.
In the age of the smart phone, there is no reason to ask once-acceptable questions about:the weather forecast, a
business’s phone number, or directions to a house, a restaurant, or an office, which can be easily found on a digital
map. _____34_____ And when you answer, they respond with a thank-you e-mail.
How to handle these differing standards? Easy: Consider your audience. Some people,especially older ones,
appreciate a thank-you message. ____35____ In traditional societies, the young learn from the old. But in modern
societies, the old can also learn from the young. Here's hoping that politeness never goes out of fashion but that
time-wasting forms of communication do.
A．Then there is voice mail.
B．Others, like me, want no reply.
C． But people still ask these things.
D．Don’t these people realize that they’re wasting your time?
E. Won't new technology bring about changes in our daily life?
F. Face-to-face communication makes comprehension much easier.
G. When the telephone was invented, people didn't know how to greet a caller.
2018年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2018年全国Ⅰ卷】Color is fundamental in home design – something you’ll always have in every room. A
grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you
want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36
, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important
point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions
you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add
visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa,
small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 .
They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a
space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you’re looking at
wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .
A. While all of them are useful
B. Whatever you’re looking for
C. If you’re experimenting with a color
D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with
E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
Passage 2
【2018年全国Ⅱ卷】If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives,
it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. ___36___ Working out in the morning provides additional
benefits beyond being physically fit.
Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of
you for the day.___37___
Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. ___38___ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be
getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
___39___ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in
the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very
excited.
___40___ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food
choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want tocontinue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and
push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.
A. You will stick to your diet.
B. Your quality of sleep improves.
C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!
Passage 3
【2018年全国Ⅲ卷】Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses
love and hate, joy and sorrow ,life and death, and everything else in between.
___36___We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings,
birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.
“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can't imagine doing anything
else with my life." Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. "Teaching dance is wonderful. ____37____It's great to
watch them. For many of them, it's a way of meeting people and having a social life."
___38___"I can tell you about one young couple," says Bridges. “They're learning to do traditional dances.
They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. _____39_____”
So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says,“Dance, like the
pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better.____40____ I find it hard
to stop! Dancing reminds me I'm alive."
A. So why do we dance?
B. Dance in the U.S.is everywhere.
C. If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.
D. My older students say it makes them feel young.
E. I keep practicing even When I'm extremely tired.
F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.
G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.
Passage 4
【2018年浙江卷6月】Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Ofcourse, you want to make sure that you become an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood .
the easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.
___31_____
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your
property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair. _____32_ __ By choosing to keep the outside of the
home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.
Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously. When going for a walk，take a
small garbage bag. ____33_____ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the
area.
_____34____ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a
neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping . Let them know you are there to help in
any way that is acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
_____35__ _ By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you,
and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good
neighbor that everyone appreciate.
A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
F. People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly
Passage 5
【2018年北京卷】 Why Do We Get Angry?
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can
make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）
events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. _____51_____
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However,
here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much
more. _____52_____ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’spersonal history and psychological traits.
Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that
connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. ____53____ Also,
sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering
event has occurred.
_____54_____Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes
ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.
_____55_____However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in
order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the
day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.
D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.
E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.
F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a
critical eye.
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not
trigger another.
2017年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2017年新课标Ⅱ卷】Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get
work done. 3 6 , there are several ways to handle things. Let’s take a look at them now.
37 . Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then
ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.
When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during
that time or that you’ll find them then. 3 8 . It can help to eliminate(消除)future interruptions.
When you need to talk to someone, don’t do it in your own office. 39 , it’s much easier
to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after
explaining how busy you are.If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. 40 . If someone knocks and it’s
not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the
hint(暗示)that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed.
A. If you’re busy, don’t feel bad about saying no
B. When you want to avoid interruptions at work
C. Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes
D. If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area
E. It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available
F. It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you
G. Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not
Passage 2
【2017年新课标Ⅲ卷】Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm
clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resting your body clock. 36 Here’s how to make
one.
● 37 In order to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important. Do you want to get up in time
to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear
about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.
● Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning
activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out
clothes, shoes, and bags. 38 That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker
with a timer.
● Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday
could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week,
a recent study found. 39
● Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve
tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 40 If not, take another look at other methods you
could try.
A. Get a sleep specialist.
B. Find the right motivation.
C. A better plan for sleep can help.
D. And consider setting a second alarm.E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.
F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.
G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.
Passage 3
【2017年浙江卷】How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews
The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to
interview people on the spot. 3 1 But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience
can be easy.
●When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the
topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about
environmental problems in America, you might ask, ＂Why do you think environmental protection is important in
America?＂ 3 2
●Hit the streets with confidence. 33 Say, ＂Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was
wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.＂ This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.
●Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera. Don’t get
discouraged.● 34 Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes. As
soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to
interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won’t be able to use
it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. 3 5
●If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don’t leave
work without them.
A. Limit your time.
B. As you approach people, be polite.
C. If you don’t own a camera, you can buy one.
D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.
E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.
F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.
G. With a question like this, you will get more than a ＂Yes＂ or ＂No＂ reply.
Passage 4
【2017年北京卷】 Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are
not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 7 1One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We know that, while awake,
fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing(加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory
processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in
the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 7 3
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 7 4 The synapses in the mice taken
at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the
connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s, we find it harder the next
day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses
become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size.
75 ＂You keep what matters,＂ Tononi says.
A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F. ＂Sleep is the price we pay for learning,＂says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.
2016年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2016 年新课标Ⅰ卷】Secret codes(密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government
agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.
People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind
code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.
There are three main types of cryptography. 3 7 For example, the first letters of ＂My elephant eats too
many eels＂ spell out the hidden message ＂Meet me.＂
3 8 You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let’s number the letters of the
alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message ＂Meet me＂ would read＂135 520 135.＂
A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a
code book. 3 9 For example, ＂bridge＂ might stand for ＂meet＂ and ＂out＂ might stand for ＂me.
＂ The message ＂Bridge out＂ would actually mean ＂Meet me.＂ 4 0 However, it is also hard to
keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.
A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.
B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.
C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.
D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.
E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.
F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.
G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.
Passage 2
【2016年新课标Ⅱ卷】A garden that’s just right for you
Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to
total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 1 6 . But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside
yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening
process.
● 1 7
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are
concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 18 .However,
there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our
earliest years.
●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s
vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 19 — how being in those gardens
made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the
gardens of your youth. 20 . Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into
your grown-up garden. Have fun.
A. Know why you garden
B. Find a good place for your own gardenC. It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have
Passage 3
【2016年新课标Ⅲ卷】Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 3 6 But it seems that many
people don’t cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat
twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult. 3 7 This
text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.
3 8 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or
strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. 3 9 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store
the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a
day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.
There are many common methods used to cook fish. 4 0 First, clean it and season it with
your choice of spices(调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10
minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it’s ready to serve.
A. Do not buy it.
B. The easiest is to steam it.
C. This is how you can do it.
D. It just requires a little knowledge.
E. The fish will go bad within hours.
F. When buying fish, you should first smell it.
G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.
Passage 4
【2016年北京卷】The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the
reward, the risk seems worth tasking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the
rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at
hunting, fighting, or exploring. 72 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the
next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking
could get one Killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result,
humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you
hate it. 73
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases
during your teenage years. 74 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.
New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
75 For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of
us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the
shallow end of the pool.
A. It all depends on your character.
B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
Passage 5
【2016年四川卷】Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 3 6 In
general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.
One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and
women. 37 Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生
育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow. In fact, women are less likely
to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.
3 8 They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally
get sick less often and less seriously than men. The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get
fewer colds than men.
39 Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some
think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency(倾向)to age more slowly than a man’s. Others think that a man’s
body cells have a tendency to age more quickly. 4 0A. However, women, on average, live longer.
B. The biological factor plays an important part.
C. Women are also helped by their female genes.
D. The female hormones also protect the body in another way.
E. Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.
F. Therefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.
G. Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions.
2015年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2015年新课标Ⅰ卷】Building Trust in a Relationship Again
Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36.___________ Trust is a risk. But you can’t
be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no
responsibility to fix the mistake.
Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or
cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore. 37.
__________ It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you
can take to get you there.
◆38. ___________ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what
the best outcome would be for your well-being.
◆39. ___________ If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference
between being a victim and living with a ＂victim mentality＂. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our
trust tested or violated.
◆You didn’t lose ＂everything＂. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this
hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40.
___________ Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and
forgiveness.
A. Learn to really trust yourself.
B. It is putting confidence in someone.
C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.
F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.
Passage 2
【2015年新课标Ⅱ卷】Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in
the length of the runs. 36 , buy the best-fitting running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will
work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as
you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 37
. As always, you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.
During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. 38 , it is wise
to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 39 . After
two weeks, start timing yourself. 40 . Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a
timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.
A. After six days
B. For a good marathon runner
C. Before you begin your training
D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile
E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them
F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training
G. Now you are ready out a goal of improving distance and time
Passage 3
【2015年浙江卷】
A. Come in with something to say.
B. Prepare general comments.
C. Bring materials with you.
D. Don’t make them wait.
E. Have no fear.
F. Go it alone.
One of the best things you can do any time in the semester is go see the professor. So hoof on over to an office
hour and have some one-on-one face time with someone who’ll help you master the material and improve your
grade, to boot. But how should you have this conversation with the professor? Here are five insider tips about
how to make that office hour really count:
61. No need to get all bent out of shape about going to see the professor. The professor would actuallylike to see you and answer your questions. Believe it or not, he or she is on your side and is eager to see you
do well. And besides, he or she has seen many students stupider than you, so nothing you’re going to ask will
set the record for stupidity.
62. Even though you might feel more comfortable going with a friend or partner, the office hour will
go better if it’s just you and the professor. You’ll get in more questions, the discussion will be tailored to what
you need most help on, and two-party communication is almost always more productive than committee
work. Your friend can wait outside for the discussion.
63. If you can’t make the official office hours, most professors are willing to make individual,
appointments to help you out. If you’re lucky enough to land such an accommodation, though, be sure you’re
100 percent on time. There’s nothing that ticks off a professor more than making him-or herself available for a
custom office hour only to find that you don’t care enough to come on time. And besides, the professor might
leave after ten minutes, which would make your trip a total loss.
64. If you’re meeting with the professor to go over a paper or test, or to ask questions about a
particular lecture or reading, make sure you bring that paper or test, or your lecture notes or a copy of the
article. The professor doesn’t remember the comments he or she wrote on your individual piece of work—
though he or she will be able to recall them after just a brief glance at your work. And if you have your lecture
notes or the article in hand, you and the professor will be able to examine specific points that are confusing to
you, rather than just talking in a general way about the contents.65. Office hours almost always go
better if you bring a few specific questions to the meeting. It’s almost never good to start a meeting with
general comments such as: “I didn’t understand what you said about [main topic of the course]”or “I
couldn’t understand any of your lectures last week.” Much better is to come in with two or three
conversation-starters about a specific concept, point, or problem you didn’t understand. Keep in mind that in
a fifteen-minute office hour (which is how long these things usually last), two or three questions are usually
the most you’ll have time to discuss.
Passage 4
This Way to Dreamland
【2015年北京卷】Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes
them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening
around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 71 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring usand missing the important things.
But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history.
72 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?
So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a
fool?
First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and
relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 73 And if you want to improve your chances of having a
creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something
simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.
It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concerntrate.
＂Mindfulness＂, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. 7 4
Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.
75
Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.
A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.
B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves.
C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relatively, Coke or Post-it notes.
D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.
E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.
F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.
G. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone.
Passage 5
【2015年陕西卷】
A. The mistaken belief
B. The need for tolerance
C. Unpunctuality at dinners
D. Punctuality and confidence
E. Self-discipline and punctuality
F. Avoid anxiety by being punctual61.
There is the belief that, if you arrive at an appointment late, you will be considered important. This is a
mistaken view. Being unpunctual, we are not respectful of others; we are interfering(扰乱) with another man’s
time. We must realise that keeping appointments or being punctual is a contract that is silently agreed and we are
expected to respect this contract. It is only natural that we lose faith, trust and confidence in a person who is
tardy(延迟的).
62.
To be punctual one has to have self-discipline(自律), and the lack of it affects others. A school boy or girl is
unpunctual because he or she does not have the necessary human virtue of self-discipline. It is also a mark of
disrespect for a system or an institution. Unpunctual people seldom realise that their habit causes problems to
others. A salesman who is not punctual may not make a sale if he arrives late for an appointment. If one is late for a
job interview, it is not likely that he will get the job.
63.
Being punctual, we can avoid anxiety. Imagine the anxiety if you do not want to be considered unpunctual.
You will be anxious if you set out for a dinner late. The person who sets out late might be careless in driving. He
will ignore traffic rules. A traffic jam, flat tyres, etc. can delay him further. Happy and calm is the man who takes all
these possibilities into consideration and arrives at the appointment either early or on time.
64.
Many of those who attend dinners are notorious(声名狼藉的) for unpunctuality. They ignore the appointed time
and leave their homes only after the fixed time. They are indifferent to the inconvenience caused to others. If the
self-centred guest arrives late, the nine others at the table set for ten will have to wait. The host is put in an
unpleasant situation and this man seldom thinks of the inconvenience caused to all — the waiters, the management
staff, etc. It is necessary for us to think of others and be considerate to them.
65.
However, we cannot always be intolerant(无法容忍的) of tardiness, for ordinary living requires some
tolerance. There can be a busy executive who fights to keep to his schedule. Such a person may be forgiven if he is
late, but not those who are deliberately late to create impression.In modern society, punctuality is a necessary virtue. It is a recognition of the importance of other people.
2014年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2014年新课标Ⅱ卷】 Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule
From my experience , there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often :ability , money ,
and time 36 .Money is a topic I’ll save for another day .So today I want to give you some wisdom
about how to make the most of the time you spent in the kitchen .Here are three tips for great cooking
on a tight schedule :
1. Think ahead .The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there’s
nothing ready to eat .So think ahead of the coming week .When will you have time to cook ?Do
you have the right materials already ? 37 .
2. Make your time worth it .When you do find time to cook a meal , make the most of it and save
yourself time later on .Are you making one loaf of bread ? 3 8 .It takes around the same amount
of time to make more of something .So save yourself the effort for future meal .
3. 39 This may surprise you , but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is
experimentation .It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with
your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to
take control of your food and your schedule.
Hopefully that gives you a good start . 40_______ And don’t let a busy schedule discourage you
from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!
A. Try new things.
B. Ability is easily improved.
C. Make three or four instead.
D. Understand your food better.
E. Cooking is a burden for many people.
F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.
G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.
Passage 2
【2014年北京卷】Evaluating Sources(来源) of Health InformationMaking good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in
bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable
evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from
opinions, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources.
71
Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for
yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about
the type of study. 7 2
Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behavior ＂contributes to＂ or is
＂associated with＂ an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result.
7 3 Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.
Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful
of information contained in advertisements. 74 Evaluate ＂scientific＂ statements carefully, and
be aware of quackery(江湖骗术).
75 Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each
of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.
Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve
you well throughout your life.
A. Make choices that are right for you.
B. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.
C. Be sure to work through the critical questions.
D. And examine the findings of the original research.
E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.
F. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author’s point of view.
G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common
sources.
Passage 3
【2014年陕西卷】
A. Real winners of tourism
B. Negative effects of tourism
C. Growing tourism in the worldD. Developing tourism with caution
E. Benefits to the locals from tourism
F. Tourism problems and possible solutions
61. __________________
On the Mediterranean island of Majorca in Spain, the locals are angry. Too late. In the last quarter
of the 20th century, they obtained profit from foreign visitors wanting to buy up property on their
beautiful island. Suddenly, it occurred to Majorcans that the island no longer belonged to them. Its
630,000 inhabitants（居民）are increasingly convinced that the 14 million visitors a year are far too much
of a good thing. Water is in short supply, pollution is worsening, and there is no affordable housing left
for them to buy.
62. __________________
Tourism is the world’s largest and fastest growing industry. In 1950, 25 million people traveled
abroad; last year it was 750 million. The World Tourism Organization predicts that 1.6 billion people, by
2020, will travel each year, spending over two trillion（万亿）US dollars.
63. __________________
The host country may not see many benefits. In Thailand, 60% of the $ 4 billion annual tourism
income leaves the country. Tourists arranged by travel companies tend to stay at a big foreign-owned
hotels, buying few local products. Mass tourism（团队旅游）usually leaves little money inside the country
and most of the money goes to the airlines, the tour operators, and the foreign hotel owners, who are the
final winners of tourism.
64. __________________
[来源:学科网ZXXK]
These days the industry’s most urgent question may be how to control the flow of tourists. A
typical example of this is Italy, where great cultural centers like Florence and Venice can’t handle all the
tourists they get every summer. In Florence, its half-million inhabitants have to live with the pollution,
traffic jam, and crime caused by 11 million visitors a year. Now there is talk about how to solve these
problems, like raising hotel taxes, or even changing admission to some public squares. The idea is to
discourage at least some visitors, as well as to pay for cleaning up the mess.
65. __________________
For many poorer countries, tourism may still offer the best hope for development. The Vietnamese
are doing their best to open up their country. Libya has paid $ 1 million for a study. They all wanttourists. Yet if something isn’t done, tourism seems certain to become the victim of its own success. Its
effect on the environment is a major concern. For this reason, tourist organizations need to have second
thoughts about what exactly they are trying to sell.
Passage 4
【2014年浙江卷】
A. Be a good listener.
B. Care about the details.
C. Strike up a conversation.
D. Make time for friendships.
E. Reach out to the newcomers.
F. Avoid causing inconveniences.
Develop Better Relationships with Neighbors
Good neighbors are a lot like electricity or running water: we don't know how much we depend on them until
we don't have them. They make our lives more pleasant and give us a sense of who we are, both as an individual
and as a member of the community. Here's how to develop your relationships with these very important people in
your life.
61._________ Often neighbors don't even know each other's names. But it's okay to be the one to break the ice,
even if you've lived next door for years. Most neighbors enjoy making small talk with the folks on the other side
of the fence. So as you see them at work in their yards, smile, wave, and say hello. Ask how their kids are
(whether they're babies or in college), whether they could use an extra cucumber from your garden, or what they
think of the prices at the local supermarket.
62._________ These days, the old Welcome Wagon is a thing of the past. But your new neighbors may be feeling
lonely and unsure, especially if they're far from home, and might appreciate a friendly face bearing fresh-baked
chocolate cakes. If they have kids, tell them where the children in the neighborhood live. Recommend the best
places to eat and shop. Invite them over for coffee or tea when they get settled, give them your number, and point
to your house as you say good-bye.
63._________ Return anything that you borrow from a neighbor, such as tools, in good repair and as soon as
you're finished with them. Replace anything that belongs to your neighbor that you, your children, or your pets
break or soil. Make sure that your car is not blocking their doorway. Such random acts of consideration will have
your neighbors talking — and the talk will be good.64._________ If you value a friendly relationship with your neighbors, spend time with them. What better way to
meet your neighbors than to invite them to an informal barbecue, pool party, or holiday open house? Better yet,
you might even consider throwing a get-together in their honor. Deliver the invitations in person to everyone who
lives on your street and chat with each for five minutes before moving on to the next house. This way, you will
get an idea of what your neighbors are like so that you can plan for appropriate food and music.
65._________ In a good relationship, it's really the little things that count. Help to bring in the mail for the elderly
neighbor when there is a heavy rain. When your neighbor forgets to take in his rubbish cans, roll them back into
his yard. If you're truly concerned, you'll know when your neighbor needs some cheering up — a bunch of
flowers or a helping hand when it's needed. All it takes to develop your relationship with neighbors is the respect
for their feelings.
