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专题 33 其它题型（任务型阅读+写作概要+阅读表达）
2023年
【2023年北京卷】阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as
they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be
helpful in changing bad habits.
Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of
pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal.
Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these
cues.
A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are
called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating,
which produces the reward﹣the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not
necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is.
Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s
possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including
the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many
months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re﹣evaluate what you
get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change
reflects your values.
40. How are habits built?
________________________________________________________________
41. In what way is a routine different from a habit?
________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.
________________________________________________________________
43. What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits?(In about 40 words)
________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Habits are built through learning and repetition.41. A routine involves repeated behaviour while a habit is a deep﹣rooted urge.
42. Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. Because building
a healthy habit takes many months.
43. I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every
morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。习惯的形成是行为自动形成的过程。人们在探索世界的过程中养成了无数的习
惯，不管他们是否意识到这些习惯。文章主要说明了习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Habits are built through learning and repetition.(习惯是通过学习和重复建立起
来的)”可知，习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的。故填Habits are built through learning and repetition.。
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in
response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is.(虽然一个常规包括重复的行为，但它不一定是为了应对深度﹣
根深蒂固的冲动，就像习惯一样)”可知，常规不同于习惯在于：常规是重复的行为，而习惯是深度﹣根深
蒂固的冲动，故填A routine involves repeated behaviour while a habit is a deep﹣rooted urge.。
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many
months to build a healthy habit.(虽然你可以在几周内养成一个新的习惯，但是要养成一个健康的习惯却需要
好几个月的时间)”可知，养成一个新的习惯需要好几周，而要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间。
所以句子“Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.”中“a
shorter time”错误，应该为many months，故填Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a
healthy habit takes a shorter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many months.。
【43题详解】
开放试题，言之有理即可。题干问“你的一个好习惯给你带来了什么好处？（大约40个字）”，答案可以
是：我有早睡早起的好习惯。因此，我可以每天早上精力充沛地学习，这使我学习效率高。而且，我很健
康。故填I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every
morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy.。
2022年
Writing 1【2022年天津卷第二次】It was a dark and stormy night. The ferocious wind shook the windows wildly, as
though someone outside were beating on the glass. It was also New Year’s Eve. We were having our annual party
and had a house full of people just starting to celebrate.
Suddenly, we heard loud explosions. Looking outside and up into the hills, we saw sparks(火花) flying from
electrical transformers(变压器). One area after another went dark up in those hills. Then there was the loudest
explosion of them all and our house went dark too. I tried to find every candle we had and lit them. The candles
made everything look lovely. But we had problems. We had fifteen people standing around and we still had to cook
dinner. How would we do that without electricity?
The barbecue! Why not cook on the barbecue? We men went outside, some holding flashlights and others
cooking. We did a wonderful job. The women stayed inside and got the salads ready. Everything was delicious.
There were still a few hours to go before the beginning of the new year, so we all sat around the dining room table
and sang up until a few minutes before midnight. We couldn’t watch the ball drop in Times Square on television but
that wouldn’t stop us from celebrating. I stood on a chair and, with the help of someone’s watch to tell us the time,
we all counted down and I dropped a tennis ball! We all screamed Happy New Year. We didn’t need electricity for
that!
Nowadays, we still get together with the same group to celebrate the New Year and we still talk about that
special night. I don’t think we have ever laughed so much as we did on that New Year’s Eve.
56. What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 1? (1 word)
____________________________________________________________
57. What made dinner preparation difficult according to Paragraph 2? (no more than 6 words)
____________________________________________________________
58. How did the people celebrate on New Year’s Eve according to the passage? (no more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________________
59. How does the author feel about that particular New Year’s Eve? (no more than 8 words)
____________________________________________________________
60. What do you think is the most necessary quality when dealing with an unexpected difficult situation? Please
explain why. (no more than 25words)
____________________________________________________________
【答案】56. Fierce./ Strong./ Violent.
57. No electricity./ The power failure./ There was no electricity./ Electricity was gone.58. They cooked on the barbecue, sang, and counted down./ By cooking on the barbecue, singing, and counting
down.
59. It was the most exciting one./ It was a night filled with laughter./ It was special./ Exciting./ Pleasant./
Unforgettable./ Joyful./ Different./ Memorable./ Unique.
60. It is courage, for it gives us strength, which enables us to deal with difficulties.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了作者经历过的一个突发事故，新年夜变压器爆炸，十五个朋
友面面相觑，没有电还需要做年夜饭，但作者和朋友一起努力，度过了一个美好的新年夜。
【56题详解】
考查词义猜测。根据文章第一段“The ferocious wind shook the windows wildly, as though someone outside
were beating on the glass.(狂风猛烈地摇动着窗户，好像外面有人在敲打着玻璃。)”，结合常识可知，风肯
定很大才会像窗外有人敲打着玻璃；形容风特别大可以用形容词fierce“猛的”、strong“强的”或violent“暴
力的”。故答案为Fierce./ Strong./ Violent。
【57题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“We had fifteen people standing around and we still had to cook dinner. How
would we do that without electricity?(我们有15个人站着，我们还得做晚饭。没有电，我们要怎么办呢？)”
可知当时有15个人共同准备迎接新年，如何在断电的情况下准备这么多人的晚餐，变得很困难。故答案为
No electricity./ The power failure./ There was no electricity./ Electricity was gone.。
【58题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Why not cook on the barbecue?(为什么不在烧烤架上做呢)”、“so we all
sat around the dining room table and sang up until a few minutes before midnight.(所以我们都坐在餐厅的桌子旁，
一直唱到午夜前几分钟。)”和“we all counted down and I dropped a tennis ball!(我们都开始倒数，然后我掉
了一个网球！)” 可知，大家在烧烤架上做了饭、唱了歌，也做了新年倒数。故答案为They cooked on the
barbecue, sang, and counted down./ By cooking on the barbecue, singing, and counting down.。
【59题详解】
考查推理判断。根据文章第四段“Nowadays, we still get together with the same group to celebrate the New
Year and we still talk about that special night. I don’t think we have ever laughed so much as we did on that New
Year’s Eve. (现在，我们仍然聚在一起庆祝新年，我们仍然谈论那个特别的夜晚。我想我们从来没有像那个
新年前夜那样笑得那么开心过。)”可知，作者认为那一夜是特别的，是充满欢笑的。故答案为It was the
most exciting one./ It was a night filled with laughter./ It was special./ Exciting./ Pleasant./ Unforgettable./ Joyful./Different./ Memorable./ Unique.。
【60题详解】
考查推理判断。本题要求考生基于对篇章整体内容 理的解，对青年人面对突发事件应如何面对给出自己的
想法，为开放性试题。故参考答案为：It is courage, for it gives us strength, which enables us to deal with
difficulties.
Writing 2
【2022年北京卷】Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the
widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and
decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused (浸泡) water.
Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing
his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun
Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my
mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.
The bottle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and
vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through.
Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-
year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy
alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation
(OHG).
Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice
he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know
from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.”
40. What did Tom witness at his own school?
41. Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle?
,
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement then underline it and explain why.
Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy
alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
43. Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why?(In about 40 words)
【答案】
40. Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school.
41. Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-alongoption.
42. Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy
alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG.
43. I think the quality of perspicacity will be important, because this insight can help us constantly find our own
shortcomings in our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.(31)
【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述15岁的汤姆看到自己学校的学生喝含糖的饮料，随后发明了一种
适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料。
【40.【解析】
考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his
own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在
他自己的学校目睹了孩子们大量消费含糖饮料）可知，作为15岁的发明家和创业者，汤姆在学校目睹了孩
子们广泛消费含糖饮料。故答案为Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his
own school.
【41.【解析】
考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句中“Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions ”（汤姆看着他的
妈妈制作健康的水果饮料）第二句“ From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink
options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. ”（从观察他的母亲和他要给孩子们更好的饮
料选择的愿望，他想出了他的原始模型的Fun Bottle）可知，汤姆在观察母亲制作水果饮料的过程中得到
启发，才有了Fun Bottle的原始模型。故答案为Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit
infusions but then struggle for a take-along option.
【42.【解析】
考查细节理解。根据第四段中“but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents
to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the
Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).”（但是这个15岁的孩子最感到自豪的是Fun Bottle带给其他
人的机会。它有助于对含糖饮料提供健康的替代品。而且汤姆还捐赠了部分利润为一个名为OHG的组
织）可知，汤姆把自己产品的部分利润，并非全部利润，捐给了OHG。所以错误在于“all the profits”，
应修改为“part of the profits”，故答案为Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to
others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the
OHG. Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG.【43.【解析】
开放题，言之有理即可。根据第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者),
witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家
和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料）第二段中““I wanted to come up with a
healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off
sugary drinks,” Tom explains.”（“我想出一种健康、自然的方式，让人们在旅途中喝。我的一大任务就是
让所有年龄段的人都不再喝含糖饮料,”汤姆解释说）可知，汤姆在看到学生喝含糖的饮料时，他想到要
发明出一种适合所有年龄段都能喝的不含糖的饮料，可推知，汤姆是一个很有聪颖的，有洞察力的人。这
种洞察力在我们的生活中可以帮助我们不断发现自己的不足，进而帮助我们提升自己。故答案为：I think
the quality of perspicacity is important, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in
our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.(31)
2021年
Writing 1
【2021年北京卷】Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied
to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．Thus，it may be worth bringing up issues with your
friends， family members，or classmates rather than holding them back．
There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that you and your opponent present your
concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．You can engage in an argument respectfully
without stirring up（激起） anger．Fighting，however，usually involves personal attacks，raising of voices，
and storming out．Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your
emotional health．In a study，2.000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a
row．When people had an argument that they considered resolved， they had half the reactivity （情绪反应）
of those who avoided an argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive
emotions．In other words，resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half．One day later， people
who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an
argument． This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution——and
you are less likely to be annoyed．
Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be
because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish betweenwhat matters and what does not．
It is easier to avoid a discussion，but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome．
40. According to this passage，what is arguing？
41. Why is it that“the older you are， the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”？
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why．
Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the
chance of you getting angry．
43. In addition to improving emotional health，what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an
argument？ （In about 40 words）
【答案】40. Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party．
41. It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life．
42. Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the
chance of you getting angry．Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity．
43. Resolving arguments can also improve people's logical thinking and resilience, and improve their relationship
with each other.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎
完全消除。因此，向你的朋友、家人或同学提出问题可能是值得的，而不是阻止他们。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the
feelings and issues related to those concerns．”（争论是你和你的对手提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相
关的感受和问题。）可知，争论是提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。故答案为
Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party．
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after
an argument．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more
likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not．”（而且，年纪越大，越有可能在争吵后找到解
决办法。这可能是因为更多的生活经历通常会导致更明确的优先事项。你更有可能区分什么是重要的，什
么是不重要的。）可知，更多的生活经验可以帮助人们更好地确定生活中的优先事项。故答案填 It is
because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life．【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional
response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．”（如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情
绪反应会显著减少或几乎）可知，解决争吵可以改善你的情绪健康，因为它增加你的反应，减少你生气的
机会。解决争论有助于降低你的反应性，而不是增加你的反应力。故答案为 Resolving arguments can
improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting
angry．Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity．
【43题详解】
考查开放思维。解决争吵也可以提高人们的逻辑思维能力和应变能力，使得相互之间的关系得到升华。故
可能答案版本一为Resolving arguments can also improve people's logical thinking and resilience, and improve
their relationship with each other.
Writing 2
【2021年天津卷第一次】I’ve always been creative since I was a little girl. My childhood was filled with
arts, crafts (手工) and music, and every day was an exciting adventure of creation.
Somewhere along the way, however, I lost touch with my creative self. At 21, I landed a job at a big insurance
company out of my business degree. I would go to the office, sit at my desk and repeat the same work five days a
week 9 to 5. The days were long and tedious. Working this way for one year was painful enough, let alone a
lifetime. Before long I decided to make a change.
One thing I had developed an interest in was sewing, so I took a sewing course at a community college. It was
only a five-week course but it awakened my interest and got my confidence up.
As I dreamt bigger, I began looking into college courses for Fashion Design and three months later I signed up
for a part-time design course. I attended classes two nights a week. Although exhausting, it gave me energy,
enthusiasm and happiness.
As it became clearer that fashion was what I wanted to do full time, the reality of my day-to-day work at the
insurance company became harder. I felt bored. No energy, no motivation and zero fulfilment (满足感).
I knew I needed to make a bigger change. After struggling for quite a while, I made a difficult decision—
leaving my job and studying my design course full time. Two years later I got my diploma.
The last few years have been exciting because I’ve been following my heart to do what I love. Today I am
living a creative life as the designer of my own fashion brand.
Sometimes it’s hard to make a change, but I’m so glad I set the wheels of change in motion with that verysmall first step because it has led me to where I am today.
56．What was the author interested in when she was a little girl? (no more than 10 words)
57．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean? (1 word)
58．How did the author feel when she was taking the part-time design course? (no more than 10 words)
59．What did the author do to get back to her creative life? Give two of the facts. (no more than 15 words)
60．Do you consider the author as your role model? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
【答案】
56．She was interested in arts, crafts and music.
Or: She was interested in creative things.
57．Boring./Dull./Uninteresting.
58．She felt/was energetic, enthusiastic and happy.
Or: She was filled with energy, enthusiasm and happiness.
59．She quit/quitted her job and took the fashion-design course.
Or: She attended a sewing class and took a part-time design course.
60．Yes, (I do). She has the courage to follow her heart and do what she really likes.
Or: Yes, (I do). I’d like to live a creative life and make changes when necessary as she. Or: No, (I don’t). I don’t
like changes and I want to live a secure life.
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者坚持做自己真正喜欢做的事情，最后取得了成功。
56．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段内容“I’ve always been creative since I was a little girl. My childhood was
filled with arts, crafts (手工) and music, and every day was an exciting adventure of creation.（从我还是一个小女
孩的时候起，我就很有创造力。我的童年充满了艺术、手工艺和音乐，每一天都是令人兴奋的创作冒
险。）”可知，从作者还是一个小女孩的时候起，她就对有创意的东西感兴趣，对艺术、手工艺和音乐感
兴趣。故答案为She was interested in arts, crafts and music./ She was interested in creative things.
57．考查词义猜测。根据画线单词所在句后句“Working this way for one year was painful enough, let alone a
lifetime. Before long I decided to make a change.（这样工作一年已经够痛苦的了，更别说一辈子了。不久我
决定做出改变。）”可知，作者现在的工作让她感到痛苦，她并不喜欢这份工作。再根据第五段内容“As
it became clearer that fashion was what I wanted to do full time, the reality of my day-to-day work at the insurance
company became harder. I felt bored. No energy, no motivation and zero fulfilment (满足感). （当我越来越清楚
地意识到时尚是我全职想要做的事情时，我在保险公司的日常工作变得更加困难。我觉得无聊。没有活力，没有动力，没有满足感。）”可知，作者真正喜欢的是和时尚相关的工作，保险公司的工作让她感觉无聊。
由此可知，画线单词所在句表示的是，在保险公司工作的日子漫长而乏味。故答案为Boring./Dull./
Uninteresting.
58．考查细节理解。根据文章第四段内容“As I dreamt bigger, I began looking into college courses for Fashion
Design and three months later I signed up for a part-time design course. I attended classes two nights a week.
Although exhausting, it gave me energy, enthusiasm and happiness.（当我的梦想更大的时候，我开始研究时装
设计的大学课程，三个月后我报名参加了一个兼职设计课程。我每周上两晚课。虽然很累，但它给了我活
力、热情和快乐。）”可知，在参加了兼职设计课程后，作者感觉充满了活力、热情和快乐。故答案为
She felt/was energetic, enthusiastic and happy./ She was filled with energy, enthusiasm and happiness.
59．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段关键句“One thing I had developed an interest in was sewing, so I took a
sewing course at a community college.（我对缝纫产生了兴趣，所以我在一所社区大学上了缝纫课。）”，
第四段关键句“As I dreamt bigger, I began looking into college courses for Fashion Design and three months
later I signed up for a part-time design course.（当我的梦想更大的时候，我开始研究时装设计的大学课程，
三个月后我报名参加了一个兼职设计课程。）”和倒数第三段内容“I knew I needed to make a bigger
change. After struggling for quite a while, I made a difficult decision—leaving my job and studying my design
course full time. Two years later I got my diploma.（我知道我需要做出更大的改变。经过一段时间的挣扎，我
做出了一个艰难的决定，离开我的工作，并全职学习我的设计课程。两年后我拿到了毕业证书。）”可知，
作者为了恢复她有创造力的生活，她参加了一个缝纫班，并参加了一个兼职设计课程，辞去了工作，去上
时装设计课，根据题目要求，从中选出两点事实即可，不超过15个词。故答案为She quit/quitted her job
and took the fashion-design course./ She attended a sewing class and took a part-time design course.
60．开放题。题目询问“你认为作者是你的榜样吗？请解释一下原因。”本题为开放性试题，根据自己的
理解，言之有理，符合文章内容即可，不超过20个词，如果答案是肯定的，原因可以是“She has the
courage to follow her heart and do what she really likes.（她有勇气追随自己的心，做自己真正喜欢的
事。）”；如果答案是否定的，原因可以是“I don’t like changes and I want to live a secure life.（我不喜欢
变化，我想过安全的生活。）”。故答案为Yes, (I do). She has the courage to follow her heart and do what she
really likes./ Yes, (I do). I’d like to live a creative life and make changes when necessary as she./ No, (I don’t). I
don’t like changes and I want to live a secure life.
Writing 3
【2021年天津卷第二次】Most of us associate learning with younger people—kids in school and college or
recent graduates early in their careers. But at Udemy, an open university offering online courses, Artist AnnekeCamstra is engaged in the pursuit of lifelong learning and displays her potential fbr teaching. She loves the
experience of gaining new knowledge and also loves sharing it with others. “I’m retired, but an artist never retires,”
Anneke said. “The last few years on the internet have been a great joy for me. I’ve taken so many Udemy courses,
and ifs such a great feeling to get my brain working again. I find just as much satisfaction in teaching animation(动
画制作)too.”
She reaches countless people with her online courses and exposes them to what they can accomplish on their
own using animation software, such as GoAnimate and PowToon. Her motivation fbr teaching on Udemy is “to get
the tools to the people.”“You can go such a long way to make things that look professional but still have your own
voice,” she explained.
Most of Anneke’s students start out thinking they’re not creative and can’t draw. Anneke understands how fear
can get in the way of so many things people dream of doing. With her five-day challenge courses, she helps them
get over the fear. Anneke loves the impact she has on her students. What makes her more proud of them is that they
have gone from their first animation to creating their own works.
She encourages people of all ages, especially older people, to cultivate their curiosity for life. Grandparents,
for example, can learn to use GoAnimate and make animations together with their grandkids.
“Tm an older woman, teaching and having fun learning again,” Anneke said, and she wants others later in their
lives to catch up with her on this journey.
56. What does Anneke enjoy doing after her retirement? (no more than 10 words)
57. According to Para. 2, what does Anneke expect her students to do with animation software? (no more than 10
words)
58. What is the main idea of Para. 3? (no more than 15 words)
59. Please explain the meaning of the underlined word in Para. 4(1 word)
60. What do you suggest old people learn to do? Please give your reason(s). (no more than 20 words)
【答案】56. Gaining new knowledge and sharing it with others.
Or: Taking Udemy courses and teaching animation.
57. To make professional products and express themselves.
Or: To accomplish/complete professional and unique works.
Or: To achieve their goals/what they dream of.
58. Anneke helps her students get over the fear and create their own animation works.
59. Develop.60. To learn to use social media, because it allows them to get to know the outside world better.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了退休艺术家Anneke Camstra，人老心不老，积极对待生活，在线上从事
动画教学的故事。
【56题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“She loves the experience of gaining new knowledge and also loves sharing it
with others. (她喜欢获得新知识的经历，也喜欢与他人分享。)”以及她所说的话“I’ve taken so many
Udemy courses, and ifs such a great feeling to get my brain working again. I find just as much satisfaction in
teaching animation too. (我上了很多Udemy的课程，能让我的大脑重新工作真是太棒了。我在动画教学中也
发现了同样的满足感。)”可知，Anneke退休后获得新的知识并与人分享，她参加Udemy课程并教授动画。
故答案为Gaining new knowledge and sharing it with others. Or: Taking Udemy courses and teaching animation.
【57题详解】
考查推理判断。根据第二段中“Her motivation fbr teaching on Udemy is ‘to get the tools to the people.’‘You
can go such a long way to make things that look professional but still have your own voice,’ she explained.(她教
Udemy的动机是‘把工具带给人们’。她解释说：‘你可以走很长一段路，让事情看起来很专业，但仍然
有自己的声音。’)”可以推知，她希望学生制作动画有专业性，同时要表达自己的思想，有自己的特色，
实现自己的梦想。故答案为To make professional products and express themselves. Or: To accomplish/complete
professional and unique works. Or: To achieve their goals/what they dream of.
【58题详解】
考查主旨大意。根据第三段中“Anneke understands how fear can get in the way of so many things people
dream of doing. With her five-day challenge courses, she helps them get over the fear. Anneke loves the impact she
has on her students. What makes her more proud of them is that they have gone from their first animation to
creating their own works.
(Anneke知道恐惧是如何阻碍人们梦想的事情。通过为期五天的挑战课程，她帮助他们克服恐惧。Anneke
喜欢她对学生的影响。更让她感到自豪的是，他们已经从第一部动画发展到创作自己的作品。)”可知，第
3段的主旨是Anneke帮助学生克服克服恐惧并创造他们自己的动画作品。故答案为Anneke helps her
students get over the fear and create their own animation works.
【59题详解】
考查词句猜测。划线词句后文“Grandparents, for example, can learn to use GoAnimate and make animations
together with their grandkids. (例如，祖父母可以学习使用GoAnimate和他们的孙辈们一起制作动画。)”举例说明了Anneke主张让老年人和孙辈们一起制作动画，再根据划线词语“She encourages people of all ages,
especially older people, to cultivate their curiosity for life. (她鼓励所有年龄段的人，尤其是老年人，cultivate
他们对生活的好奇心。)”可知，Anneke鼓励老年人，培养发展他们的好奇心。从而推知划线词语cultivate
应为“培养；发展”的意思。故答案为Develop.
【60题详解】
考查读后表达。通读全文，以Anneke Camstra 的榜样，我建议应该让老年人学习使用社交媒体，因为它使
老年人能更好的了解外面的世界。故答案为To learn to use social media, because it allows them to get to know
the outside world better.
2020年
Writing 1
【2020年天津卷第一次】I remember the day shyness took over my life. I was 14 and having a French
lesson The teacher told us to record ourselves speaking about a holiday. Perfect！ I recorded myself with
confidence. Then, I pressed "play" to listen back. All I heard was a little kid talking. My immediate reaction was to
assume I was listening to someone else's recording. But that was my voice. I realised there was something strange
about me.
My little voice has made me feel really shy. And my shyness has caused me to avoid attending events, not
make important connections, and keep my ideas to myself. As a shy person, working from home, hiding behind my
computer was brilliant. But the more time I spent hidden away, the more my comfort zone shrank（缩小）.
Everyday interactions, like ordering a coffee, became increasingly awkward and uncomfortable.
And then, one day I was at a big conference and it suddenly hit me like lightning. Al speakers were confident,
comfortable with being seen. There were no quieter voices. But the trouble is, if the loud voices are the only ones
you hear, we quiet people feel even more alienated（疏远的）。 The world needs a mixture of personalities.
Success is not just about who can shout the loudest. The world needs quieter people, too. That day I chose to stop
hiding and embrace my shyness. No more feeling like I needed to change who I am in order to succeed. No more
living a small life.
Then I created the Shy and Mighty Society, a space for shy people like me to shine, and in the process of
helping others, I could also push myself forward, bit by bit. Now, I'm happy to tell people I feel shy. I'm not
ashamed any more. And I know that I’m not alone.
56. Why did the author feel strange about herself after listening to the recording? （no more than 10 words）
57. What is the main idea of Para.2? （no more than 10 words58. What does the underlined word in Para.3 mean? （1 word）
59. Why did the author create the Shy and Mighty Society? （no more than 10 words）
60. Suppose you are in charge of the Shy and Mighty Society, what will you do to help other shy people? And why?
（no more than 20 words）
【答案】
56. Because her voice was different from what she had expected.
Or: Because all she heard was a little kid talking.
Or: Because of her little voice.
57. Her shyness had a/an（bad） influence/effect/impact on her（life）
Or: Her shyness kept her hidden away.
Or: Her shyness kept her away from other people.
58. Accept.
Or: Welcome.
59. To help shy people（to shine） and push herself forward.
Or: To help other shy people and herself.
60. I will organize a speech contest so that they can walk out of their comfort zone and become more confident.
Or: I will share my experience with them, telling them how I handle my shyness.
Or: I will encourage them to take part in various activities to improve their social skills.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一个害羞的人，害差使作者不敢参加活动，并把自己封闭起来。后来作者接受
了自己的害怕，并创建了Shy and Mighty Society，给像自己一样害羞的人发光的空间，共同提高。
56. 细节理解题。根据第一段“I pressed "play" to listen back. All I heard was a little kid talking. My immediate
reaction was to assume I was listening to someone else's recording. But that was my voice. I realised there was
something strange about me.”可知，作者录完音后，按下“播放”键来听，奇怪地听到一个小孩在说话。作
者的第一反应是以为在听别人的录音，但那是作者的声音。由此可知，作者感到奇怪是因为自己的声音小，
或听到一个小孩在说话，或是感觉听到的不是自己期望的。故答案为：Because her voice was different from
what she had expected. Or: Because all she heard was a little kid talking. Or: Because of her little voice.
57.
段落大意题。根据第二段“My little voice has made me feel really shy. And my shyness has caused me to avoid
attending events, not make important connections, and keep my ideas to myself. As a shy person, working fromhome, hiding behind my computer was brilliant. But the more time I spent hidden away, the more my comfort zone
shrank（缩小）.” 可知作者的声音小，使作者害羞，害羞使作者不参加活动，不和别人交流。作者越隐藏
自己，舒适区就越小。这些都说明了害羞使作者隐藏，远离了别人，给作者带来了坏影响。故答案为：
Her shyness had a/an（bad） influence/effect/impact on her（life）. Or: Her shyness kept her hidden away. Or:
Her shyness kept her away from other people.
58. 词义猜测题。上句提到“The world needs a mixture of personalities. Success is not just about who can shout
the loudest. The world needs quieter people, too.”表明作者感悟到这个世界需个性。成功不只是谁喊得声最大。
世界也需要更安静的人。根据“That day I chose to stop hiding”可知作者选择不再躲藏，接受自己的害羞。
embrace原意是“拥抱”，此处指“接受，迎接”，故答案为：Accept. Or: Welcome.
59. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Then I created the Shy and Mighty Society, a space for shy people like me to
shine, and in the process of helping others, I could also push myself forward,”可知作者创建Shy and Mighty
Society是为了给像自己一样害羞的人发光的空间，在帮助别人的过程中，也可以推动自己一点点前进。故
答案为：To help shy people（to shine） and push herself forward. Or: To help other shy people and herself.
60. 推理判断题。作者创建Shy and Mighty Society是为了给像自己一样害羞的人发光的空间，所以作为这
个组织的负责人应该是组织活动或分享克服害羞的经验，用多种形式鼓励他人战胜害羞、增加自信、提高
社交技能。故答案可以是：I will organize a speech contest so that they can walk out of their comfort zone and
become more confident. Or: I will share my experience with them, telling them how I handle my shyness. Or: I will
encourage them to take part in various activities to improve their social skills.
Writing 2
【2020年天津卷第二次】As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother involves a lot of
walking in someone else’s shadow, especially when you have a brother who is a typical example of “cool”. For
years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the
neglected (被忽略的) one. My legs just weren’t made to run like his. I could never play football or basketball well.
I probably would have continued trying to keep up with him for the rest of my high school career, but when
my family moved, everything changed. Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a new school all by myself. This
new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirely new version of “cool”.
I don’t know what made me decide to try some new activities at the new school, but one day I chanced to
show up for an after-school meeting of the Science Olympiad team. I had always been fascinated with chemistry,
biology, and math, but since those interests hadn’t fit Tyson’s definition of “cool”, I had never pursued them. Onthis day, for some reason, I did.
As we organized teams, prepared resources and practiced answering questions, I felt more connected than I
ever had to any sports team. I didn’t feel as though I needed to keep up with anybody else; I was finally with peers
who understood me. It was so good to feel accepted for what I’m good at. For the first time in my life, I actually
felt cool. Now I know who I am! I’m Tyson’s little brother, but that’s only part of my identity. I’m a cool guy in my
own way, too. I’m relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think.
56. How do you understand the underlined part in Paragraph 1? (no more than 8 words)
_________________________
57. What changes offered a new start to the author after his family moved? (no more than 15 words)
_________________________
58. According to Paragraph 3, what marked the turning point in the author’s growth? (no more than 7 words)
_________________________
59. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? (no more than 10 words)
_________________________
60. What is your example of “cool”? Please explain why. (no more than 20 words)
_________________________
【答案】
56. Receiving less attention than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling less successful than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling neglected.
57. That his brother left for college and he changed schools.
Or: Tyson’s leaving for college and the author’s going to/attending a new school.
58. Joining the Science Olympiad team.
Or: That he joined the Science Olympiad team.
Or: Discovering his true interests (in science).
59. (How) the author discovered a broader definition of “cool”.
Or: He has discovered his own way to be cool.
Or: He found his own identity.
60. Playing football well is cool because I can show how strong I am.
Or: Playing the piano is cool because it can give me joy.
Or: Helping the poor is cool because it can give them hope and bring me pleasure.【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一直活在哥哥泰森的阴影下，他的哥哥很酷，所以他总是
被忽略。但当哥哥离开去上大学，他独自开始学校生活时，通过加入学校的Science Olympiad，他找到了
真正的自己，也按自己的理解重新定义了”酷”。
56. 词义猜测题。根据第一段的As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother involves a lot of
walking in someone else’s shadow, especially when you have a brother who is a typical example of “cool”. For
years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the
neglected one.可知，就像任何一个弟弟会告诉你的那样，有一个大哥哥意味着走在别人的影子里，尤其是
当你有一个很“酷”的哥哥时。多年以来，我想做我的哥哥泰森做的一切，但是无论我怎么努力，我总是被
忽略的一个。根据句意，尤其是I was always the neglected one可推测，划线部分的意思是“得不到关注/被
忽略”。故填:Receiving less attention than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling less successful than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling neglected.
57. 细节理解题。根据第二段的but when my family moved, everything changed. Tyson left for college, so I had
to start at a new school all by myself. (但当我们搬家时，一切都改变了。泰森去上大学了，所以我不得不独
自在一个新的学校开始)可知，搬家后，作者的哥哥去上大学以及作者独自开始新学校的生活给了作者他新
的开始。故填:That his brother left for college and he changed schools.
Or: Tyson’s leaving for college and the author’s going to/attending a new school.
58. 细节理解题。根据第三段的I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology, and math, but since those
interests hadn’t fit Tyson’s definition of “cool”, I had never pursued them. On this day, for some reason, I did. (我
一直对化学、生物和数学着迷，但因为这些兴趣不符合泰森对“酷”的定义，所以我从来没有追求过。这一
天，出于某种原因，我参加了)可知，参加Science Olympiad队是作者成长的转折点，因为他选择不再做哥
哥的“影子”。故填:Joining the Science Olympiad team.
Or: That he joined the Science Olympiad team.
Or: Discovering his true interests (in science).
59. 主旨大意题。根据本段的主要内容，尤其是Now I know who I am! I’m Tyson’s little brother, but that’s
only part of my identity. I’m a cool guy in my own way, too. I’m relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader
definition than what I used to think.(现在我知道我是谁了！我是泰森的弟弟，但那只是我身份的一部分。按
照我自的方式，我也是个很酷的人。知道酷的定义比我以前认为的要宽泛得多，我感到很欣慰)可知，本段
主要讲述了作者找到了自己的身份以及自己对酷的定义。故填:(How) the author discovered a broader
definition of “cool”.Or: He has discovered his own way to be cool.
Or: He found his own identity.
60.
开放性题目。只要回答出自己认为什么很酷，以及原因即可。故可填:Playing football well is cool because I
can show how strong I am.
Or: Playing the piano is cool because it can give me joy.
Or: Helping the poor is cool because it can give them hope and bring me pleasure.
Writing 3
【2020·江苏卷】
请阅读下面有关中国题材纪录片(documentary)的对话，并按照要求用英语写一篇150个词左右的文章。
Su Hua: Hi, Li Jiang! Did you see the BBC documentary on CCTV 9 last week?
Li Jiang: You mean Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet? Yes, I did. Fantastic!
Su Hua: Just think an English actor recites Chinese poems.
Li Jiang: I don’t really understand every line he recites, but I believe he truly loves the poems himself.
Su Hua: Right. It is reported that the film is well received outside China.
Li Jiang: Yeah, It’s my first time to hear Chinese stories told by an English speaker.
Su Hua: In fact, documentaries about our country are plentiful both at home and abroad. These films can
help foreign friends better understand this land-Chinese literature, geography history, food...
Li Jiang: I couldn’t agree more.
【写作内容】
1.用约30个词概括上述对话的主要内容；
2.谈谈中国题材纪录片受到外国朋友欢迎的原因(至少两点)。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
CCTV 9 broadcast Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet, a documentary produced by BBC. This well-madefilm provides foreign audiences with a fresh way of better knowing China’s past and present.
Documentaries about China, produced either in China or in other countries, are becoming increasingly
popular among foreigners. For one thing, the overall development over the past decades has been so striking
that they feel eager to familiarize themselves with what is going on in China.
For another, China enjoys a long history and rich culture. It has always been an attraction for those who
are keen on anything that is Chinese. These documentaries present a splendid picture of China in front of
their audiences-it history, landscape, art, food, or even traditional Chinese medicine.
Because of these films, some foreigners have begun to think of coming to China. In this way, they can
form a true picture of China themselves.
【解析】这是一篇读写任务。第一步:审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个
方面的信息。要求阅读中国题材纪录片的对话，写一篇150个词文章。包括两部分。(一)、用30词概括对
话内容。(二)、谈谈中国题材纪录片受到外国朋友欢迎的原因。要求至少两点原因。
第二步:布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为四段。第一段，概括对
话内容。第二段和第三段，中国题材纪录片受到外国朋友欢迎的原因。第四段，总结因为电影吸引外国人
想来到中国。
第三步:确定关键词汇和短语: produced by, provide…with, either…or, be keen on, present , because of,
in this way, the overall development，so striking that，feel eager to familiarize themselves with.
第四步:确定较为高级的句子: 非谓语动词结构a documentary produced by BBC； 定语从句的运用:It
has always been an attraction for those who are keen on anything that is Chinese.
第五步:连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接: for one thing, for another.
第六步:注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。
2019年
Writing 1
【2019年江苏卷】The Cost of Thinking
Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics. such as large brains
and the ability to walk upright on two legs.
The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other
animals. It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains. Mammals(哺乳动物)weighing sixty
kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm2. Modern man has a brain averaging 1200-1400 cm2. We are so
fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better. Unfortunately,that is not the case.
The fact is that a huge brain is a huge drain—consumption of energy—on the body. I's not easy to carry
around, especially when boxed inside a massive skull(倾骨). It's even harder to provides energy. In modern man,
the brain accounts for about 2-3%of total body weight but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is
at rest. By comparison, the brains of apes(类人猿)require only 8%of rest-time energy. Early humans pad for their
large brains in two ways. Firstly, they spent more time in search food. Secondly, their muscles grew smaller and
weaker. It's hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive. A chimpanzee(黑猩猩) can't win an
argument with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.
Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it's easier to find food or enemies.
In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or
signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.
Yet walking upright has its disadvantage. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years
to support a creature that walked on all fours and has a relatively small head. Adjusting to an upright position was
quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull. Humankind paid for its broad
vision and skillful hands backaches and painful necks.
We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the
most powerful animal on earth. But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which
,
they remained weak and marginal creature. Thus humans who lived a million years ago despite their big brains
and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals.
The Cost of Thinking
• Large brains for their bodies and the ability to walk upright are two
Introduction
___71___ of human beings.
• The larger brains may not be better because of the cost.
• The big brains make it harder for the body to move around and consume more
The ___72___ of large
energy.
human brains
• The animal brain requires less ___73___ when the body is at rest.
• Large human brains consume more food, and weaken muscles.
• Walking upright makes it easy to find food or ___75___ against enemies.
• Freed hands can serve some ___76___ purpose and perform complex tasks.
The ___74___ of
walking upright
• Walking upright challenges the human bone structure, and ___77___
the size of brains.• Walking upright results in ___78___ sufferings.
• With a large brain, human beings ___79___ other beings in terms of
intelligence.
Conclusion
• Weak and marginal, human beings remained ___80___ of meat-eating
animals.
【答案】71. characteristics 72. disadvantages 73. energy 74. impact(s) 75. guard 76. other
77. limits 78. physical 79. beat 80. fearful/afraid
【解析】本文为记叙文。主要叙述人用大脑思考的代价。人类与动物相比有两大特点：大大的大脑和直立
行走。超大的大脑使人类拥有更高的智商，但却消耗巨大的能量。直立行走让人类擅长寻找食物和抵御敌
人，解放了的双手来更复杂的事。但却让人类遭受腰痛和颈部疼痛等。人类成为地球上最强大的动物，享
受无与伦比的优势，却对食肉动物怀有恐惧。
71. characteristics考查信息归纳。根据第一段“all human beings share defining characteristics ,such as large
brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.”可知，大脑袋和双腿直立行走的能力是人类共有的特点
(characteristics)。故填characteristics。
72. disadvantages 考查信息归纳。72题就是对第三段内容的总结。第三段主要叙述了人类的大脑大的缺
点。因此本空格填写disadvantages。
73. energy 考查信息来源。根据第三段中的“a huge brain is a huge drain--consumption of energy ”以及“It
(the brain) consumes 25% of the body’s energy when the body is at rest.By comparison the brains of apes require
only 8% of rest- time energy”可知，人类巨大的大脑是一个巨大的能量消耗。 当身体处于休息时，大脑要
消耗25%的身体能量。相比之下，类人猿的大脑只需要8%的休息时间能量。人类与动物相比，动物需要
的能量（energy）要比人类少。故填energy。
74. impact(s)考查信息归纳题。分析空后的75--78小题所在的第五段和第六段的内容可知，此部分主要叙
述了直立行走对人类的影响。故填impact(s)。
75. guard考查信息转换。根据第五段的第一句“Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright.
Standing up, it’s easier to find food or enemies.”可知，另一个独特的人类特征是我们直立行走。站起来，
更容易找到食物或敌人。找到敌人，就是为了防御敌人。因为or为连词，在此句中连结两个动词短语，故
空格填动词。“guard against...”为固定搭配，意为“防御......”，故本空填写guard。
76. other考查信息来源。根据第五段中的”...their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for
other purposes ,like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their
hands. ”可知，解放了的双手可以用于做其它的事，即有其它的目的。故填other。
77. limits考查信息归纳。根据第五段“walking upright has disadvantages. The bone structure of our ancestorsdeveloped for millions of years to support a creature that walked on four and a relative small head. Adjusting to an
upright position was quite a challenge , especially when the bones had to support an extra -large skull.” 可知，直
立行走也有缺点。我们祖先进化了上百亿年，⻣骼也只能支撑四肢行走和有一个相对较小的头。直立行走
对人类的骨架是一个相当大的挑战，限制了人的头脑的大小。故本空填limits。
78. physical考查信息转换。根据第六段“..., Humankind paid for its vision and skillful hands with backaches
and painful necks.” 可知，直立对人类的骨架是一个相当大的挑战，人类为自己的视力和灵巧的双手付出
了代价，换来的是腰酸背痛和脖子疼痛。由此得出，直立导致身体方面的(physical)痛苦，故填physical。
79. beat根据最后一段“We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages.It seems obvious that these have
made humankind the most powerful animal on earth.”可知，我们假设大脑越大，优势越大。很明显，这些
使得人类成为地球上最强大的动物。由此可推断出我们的大脑比动物大，在智力方面人类比动物更聪明，
即在智力方面击败了(beat)其他动物。故本空填beat。
80. fearful/afraid根据最后一段“...humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which
they weak and marginal creatures. Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp
stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat--eating animals.”可知，尽管人类享受着所有这些优势，但也是弱小
的生物。因此尽管拥有巨大的大脑和锋利的石器，但也曾经对食肉动物仍旧害怕/恐惧。因为空前是系动词，
故本空要填形容词(afraid/fearful)可知，此处要填名词，故填fearful/afraid。
Writing2
【2019年江苏卷】Li Jiang:Have you heard this？A group of exchange students from the UK are visiting our
school next month.
Su Hua:Yes，I have. Some are already recommending the traditional Chinese dress for the welcome ceremony.
Li Jiang:But it seems people have different opinions.
Su Hua:What do you think？
Li Jiang:I think it's a good idea. It's an opportunity to make the Chinese culture better known to international
students.
Su Hua:I agree. But we don't have to dress that way. That's not our daily style. Besides，it's not very convenient.
Li Jiang:You see. It's the Chinese culture that the British friends are coming for. Just the right occasion.
Su Hua:I prefer the school uniform. It's nice. It's also a better display of our school culture.
【写作内容】
1.用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容；
2.在上述场合，你是否倾向于穿中国传统服装？请说明理由(不少于两点)。
【写作要求】1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________
【答案】Possible version one:
Li Jiang and Su Hua are discussing what to wear when receiving the British students next month. Li recommends
the traditional Chinese dress while Su prefers the school uniform.
I would be happy to wear traditional Chinese clothes at the welcome ceremony. Firstly, this is precisely what the
British visitors are expecting. They come to learn about Chinese culture with their own eyes. Their Chinese peers in
the typical Chinese dress would be highly impressive. The school uniforms are fine, but not special enough to give
a unique Chinese flavour. Secondly, the inconvenience is not a problem if our purpose is to share Chinese culture. It
is just the so-called inconvenience that displays the richness, delicacy and great fascination of Chinese culture with
a history of thousands of years.
The traditional Chinese clothes, it seems to me, will make the occasion very Chinese and inviting to the British
guests.
Possible version two:
.
Li Jiang and Su Hua don't agree on what to wear when greeting the British students Li suggests traditional
Chinese clothes while Su thinks the school uniforms are more suitable.
I prefer the school uniform to the traditional Chinese dress at the welcome ceremony next month. Although the
traditional Chinese dress may look more beautiful and stylish, it is a little bit strange to walk around in it. We feel at
ease in our school uniforms every day. What's more, the traditional Chinese dress can't reflect the unique culture of
our school. From the design and colour of our uniforms, the British friends will learn more about our school.
Besides, the choice of the traditional Chinese dress means extra money, and extra time, for we have to change it
back after the event.So the school uniforms are a better choice than the traditional Chinese dress for such an occasion.
Writing 3
【2018年浙江卷11月】It’s a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all
start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college
campus(校园) like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the
students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be
pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are
making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are
making the right one.
There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you
have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won’t be as much of a possibility, but if you
live nearby, go check it out!
If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between
applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend. It can save you a lot of
heartache if you rule out now the things that you don’t like about certain campuses, things that you wouldn’t know
unless you actually visit.
Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. It’s a
chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors (顾问), and it won’t cost you a
penny! You can register for its online college fair at collegeweeklive.com. While visiting an online college fair
can’t take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will
help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you’d like to attend.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
________
【答案】It’s really worthwhile to pay a visit to their desired colleges personally before applying. Undoubtedly,
students should visit their local colleges, which may be included in applications. At least, they should visit the
school and figure out its real conditions in advance. For students who are short of money and time, registering for
the online college fair is a good alternative to help them better understand schools.【分析】本文要求阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要，即用尽可能少的词汇集中展现原材
料的主要思想和观点。这主要是考查学生把握文章主旨大意和段落大意的能力以及总结概括能力，熟练掌
握从句、非谓语动词等语法知识和遣词造句的能力。
【详解】1. 要先读懂、读透原作。这是准确再现原文、写好概要的前提。动笔前多读两遍原文，直至弄懂
读透。
2. 抓住文中的关键句，确定写作主题。开头It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply点明了本
文主题；But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the
research you can to make sure you are making the right one. There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local
area.说明了去大学看看的必要性和可行性；If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply, at the very
least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like
to attend.在时间上提供了更多选择；if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online
college fairs at CollegeWeekLive.为不能亲自去大学看的学生提供了另外一种方法。
3.拟好提纲。有了提纲，写概要时就会有章法，也不会遗漏原作中的要点。
4.快速成文，反复推敲。按照文章要求和拟好的提纲一气呵成，写完初稿。
5.对照修改润色，再读原文，查看是否漏掉了重要信息或主要内容。用词是否恰当，可有可无的删掉。注
意词类、时态、语态的适当调整。
Writing 4
阅读表达
【2019年天津卷】Haze Mabry，who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years，walks into the
school building every day and empties garbage cans，wipes down bathrooms and mops wet messes in the
hallways.
Last Friday，after he arrived at the school，instead of finding garbage to clean up，he found almost 800
students lining the hallways with handmade cards，blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy
birthday to him. It was his 80th. As he walked the long hallway，some popped out of lime to hug him. They
handed him so many cards that they filled several large boxes. Touched by their enthusiastic expression of
affection. Mabry thanked them all. "They're like my children，"Mabry said.
On a regular day，students at the school sometimes come up to him to say they're not feeling well or other
times to tell him about something that happened at break. He knows most of the kids at the school，but can't name
each one. Some of them make him know them. Like Faith，who often forgets her backpack in the cafeteria，and
Lucy，who just wants a hug.
“He won't brag（夸耀）on himself，but it doesn't matter what he's doing or where he is，he will always stopwhat he's doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him，he will pause to
give that child his undivided attention. He's the most loved one in this building，"said Lori Gilreath，a reading
teacher.
Mabry works circles around all the students，cleaning up messes others don't want to touch. He doesn't expect
a lot. Mabry said he hadn't planned to do much for his milestone birthday，so he was happy the students had
prepared the surprise celebration.
Over the weekend，he worked through the piles of handmade cards at his house. One card from a student
stood out to him. It read: “Mr. Haze，you are my sunshine.”
56. What is Mabry's daily work as a school keeper？（no more than 5 words）
57. How did the students celebrate Mabry's birthday？（no more than 15 words）
58. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 probably mean？（1 word）
59. Why is Mabry's presence at the school important？（no more than 10 words）
60. Who is the "sunshine” in your life？Please explain. （no more than 20 words）
【答案】56. Cleaning the（school）building.
Or: Doing（the）cleaning.
Or: He cleans the（school）building.
Or: He does（the）cleaning.
.
57. By lining the hallways，blowing noisemakers，singing a song，handing him cards，and hugging him
Or: By lining the hallways with（handmade）cards，blowing noisemakers，singing a song，and hugging him.
Or: They lined the hallways，blew noisemakers，sang a song，handed him cards，and hugged him.
Or: They lined the hallways with（handmade）cards，blew noisemakers，sang a song，and hugged him.
58. Love.
Or: Liking.
Or: Fondness.
59. （Because）he loves/cares about（the）students and works hard.
Or: （Because）he loves（the）students and is devoted to his work.
Or: （Because）he is kind/caring/helpful to the students，and hard-working.
Or: （Because）he is regarded as a kind/warm-hearted/helpful/caring and hard-working man.
60. My father/mother. （Because）he/she loves me and encourages me when I'm faced/confronted with
difficulties.
Or: My teacher. （Because）he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career.Or: My friend. （Because）he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/help/encouragement.
解析】
本文为记叙文。文中记叙了一位清洁工Mabry，他的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。Mabry 爱学生，关心学
生。学生们也尊敬他，喜欢他。在他 80生日那天，学生们用自己的方式祝贺他的生日，表达了对 Mabry
的热爱。
56.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Haze Mabry, who has works as a school keeper for thirteen years, walks
into the school building every day and empty garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms, and mops wet messes in the
hallways.”可知Haze Mabry是一位清洁工，他的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。因此本句的答案可为：
Cleaning the (school) building； Or：doing（the） cleaning；
Or: He cleans the (school)building； Or: He does (the) cleaning.
57.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Last Friday,...he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with
handmade cards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him.和some popped out of
line to hug him.”可知，上个周五，他发现几乎有800名学生在走廊里排队，拿着手制卡片，吹口哨，为他
唱了一首响亮的生日快乐歌，拥抱他。因此答案为：
By lining the hallways, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, handing him cards, and hugging him.
Or: By lining the hallways with (handmade) cards, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, and hugging him.
Or: They lined the hallways, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him.
Or: They lined the hallways with (handmade) card, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged
him.
58.
猜测题意题。根据第二段学生们为Mabry庆祝生日的方式和划线词后的内容“Mabry thanked them all,”以
及“They’re like my children.”可知 Mabry 爱学生，把学生当作自己的孩子。那么学生们也表达了他们
对Mabry的热爱。因此Mabry被学生的爱所感动，故所以的“affection”相当于“Love”，故填love。
Or: liking.
Or: Fondness.
59.
【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的内容“...he will always stop what he’s doing to take care of a
child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him, he will pause to give that boy his
undivided attention. He’s the most loved one in this building.”以及最后一段“Mabry works circlesaround all the students, cleaning up messes others don’t want to touch. He doesn’t expect a lot.”
可知，Mabry 关心爱护孩子，帮助孩子，是一个善良、热心的人。一个不怕脏不怕累、勤奋
工作的人。因此答案为：
(Because) he loves/cares about（the）students and works hard.
Or: (Because) he loves the students and devoted to his work.
Or: (Because) he is kind/caring /helping to the students , and hard-working.
Or: (Because) he is regarded as a kind /warm-hearted /helpful/caring and hard-working man.
【60.
考查学生的观察综合表达能力。本题的题目：who is the "sunshine" in your life?”谁是你生活中的阳光？只
要在生活或学习中帮助过你，关心你、爱护你的，鼓励你，安慰你的都可称为your sunshine。因此答案可
为：
My father/mother.(Because) he/she loves me and encouraged me when I’m faced/confronted with difficulties.
Or: My teacher.(Because) he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career.
Or: My friend.(Because) he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/ help/ encouragement.
2018年
Writing 1
【2018年江苏卷】How Arts Promote Our Economy
When most people think of the arts, they imagine the end product, the beautiful painting, a wonderful piece of
music, or an award-winning performance in the theater. But arts groups bring broader value to our communities.
The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged.
The arts create jobs that help develop the economy. Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists,
technical experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art. These people earn a living
wage for their professional knowledge and skills.
Another group of folks is needed to help market the event. “If you build it they will come” is a misleading
belief. Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and
promote the event. According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition, arts agencies employ more than
10,000 people as full-or part-time employees or independent contractors.
A successful arts neighborhood creates a ripple effect（连锁反应）throughout a community. In 2005, when
the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town, the location was considered a poor area of town. After investing
more than $1 million in reconstructing the building, we began producing a full season of theater performances, jazzconcerts, and year-round arts education programs in 2008. Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the
Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.
No doubt the theater has contributed to the area’s development and economic growth. Today, there are
galleries, studios, restaurants and newly built work spaces where neighbors share experiences, where there is
renewed life and energy. In this way, arts and culture also serve as a public good.
TeCo Theatrical Productions Inc. made use of Bloomberg’s investment of $35,000 to get nearly $400,000 in
public and private sector support during the two-year period. Further, Dallas arts and arts-based businesses produce
$298 for every dollar the city spends on arts programming and facilities. In Philadelphia, a metro area smaller than
Dallas, the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 million and support 44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which
actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers, construction workers, hotel managers,
printers, and other kinds of art workers.
The arts are efficient economic drivers and when they are supported, the entire small-business community
benefits.
It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make a profit. But in order to stay in business, arts groups must
produce returns. If you are a student studying the arts, chances are you have been ill-advised to have a plan B. But
those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of
career possibilities.
Arts as an
Our communities ___71___ from arts in terms of economy.
economic driver
Arts activity demands a(n) ___73___ effort. It involves creation, performance,
and ___74___.
★Artists make a living through their creative work.
★Others get paid by marketing the event.
Arts have a gradually spreading ___75___. They could help promote other
industries whether they lie inside or outside arts.
___72___ of arts’
★Besides tickets, some jazz lovers will pay their ___76___ to and from the events.
promoting our
economy ★Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together to share their
experience and renew their energy.
Investment in arts could produce potential ___77___ economic results.
★TeCo used a $35,000 art investment to attract an overall support of $400,000.
★In Dallas, one dollar invested in arts could harvest and extraordinary return of nearly
$300.
★In Philadelphia the arts have created about 35,000 job opportunities for workers___78___ arts industry.
Art students With these ___79___ in mind, art students need not worry about their career and
making a good living have a(n) ____80____ plan.
【答案】71. benefit 72. Ways 73. joint/collective 74. Promotion/marketing 75. Effect
76. fares 77. Positive 78. outside/beyond 79. statistics/data/analyses 80. Alternative
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述艺术是如何促进我们的经济发展的。
71. 同义转化题。根据文章第一段But arts groups bring broader value to our communities.(艺术团体给我
们的社区带来了更大的价值。)，所填词的主语为Our communities，故应为我们的社区从艺术中收益，所
以用短语benefit from从……受益。故填benefit。
72. 归纳题。分析右边表格各小点的内容可知，这里应该为艺术提升我们经济的方法，所以用way，
注意首字母大写及复数形式。故填Ways。
73. 归纳题。根据文章第二段Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical experts,
managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art.可以归纳出，艺术活动需要集体共同努力。
故填joint/collective。
74. 词性转化题。根据文章第三段Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and
promoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the event.中的动词promote转化为名词promotion，也可以用同
义名词marketing。故填promotion/marketing。
75. 原词再现题。根据文章第四段A successful arts neighborhoods creates a ripple effect（连锁反应）
throughout a community.中的原词effect可以得出答案。故填effect。
76. 归纳题。根据文章第四段Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive
or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.可以归纳出，爵士爱好者除了买票之外，还需要付来去
交通费、住宿费等费用。故填fares。
77. 归纳题。根据文章倒数第三段the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 million and support
44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers,
construction workers, hotel managers, printers, and other kinds of art workers.可知，艺术品投资可以产生潜在的
积极经济效果。故填positive。
78. 原词再现题。根据文章倒数第三段the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 million and support
44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers,
construction workers, hotel managers, printers, and other kinds of art workers.中的outside可以得出答案，也可
以用其同义词beyond。故填outside/beyond。79. 归纳题。这里是对文章的总结，艺术生应该考虑到上文这些统计数据或分析，故无需担心他们的
职业。故填statistics/data/analyses。
80. 同义转化题。根据文章最后一段But those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to
change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities.中的change the patterns转化为同义词
alternative。故填alternative。
Writing 2
阅读表达
【2018年天津卷】Some people live to climb the highest mountains. Some people live only dreaming about
it while others live to avoid ever climbing at all. But one thing is certain, all people encounter mountains in their
life.
When I was a little girl, my family moved to a tiny town at the bottom of a big mountain. One day after
school, while exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain, I almost fell on a set of stairs. What could
these steps lead to? Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon. I started climbing
up those strangely mysterious steps.
I climbed and climbed. There was nothing but just green bushes and these steps. I had to reach the top! But it
was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back. My mom would be worried sick
if I didn’t come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared.
Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain. Could there be
a castle up there? Maybe I would find a monster(怪物). Maybe I was taking the risk of never coming back home.
Or, maybe all I would find was absolutely nothing! But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at
all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.
Now we live in a world surrounded by the "can’t do" attitudes. We all fall down. We all have doubts and
regrets. Still we must climb and dream about what’s at the top of our mountain. Monsters may appear or the night
will fall. But never ever give up on your dream! Never let anyone tell you, "You can’t." Dream big and climb high!
56. What made the author start to climb up the stairs to the mountain top? (no more than 5 words)
57. Why did the author hurry back home without reaching the top of the mountain? Give two reasons. (no more
than 15 words)
58. How would you describe the author in terms of personalities according to Paragraph 4? (no more than 10
words)
59. How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (no more than 5 words)60. What’s your attitude towards the "mountain" in your life? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
【答案】56. Curiosity made her do so.
Or:The desire to explore.
57. Because it was getting dark，and she didn’t want her mother to worry about her.
Or:Because she was seared，and might not be able to find her/the way back home.
58. She had rich imagination and she was brave.
Or:She was a brave and determined girl with rich imagination.
Or:She was imaginative and determined，and she dared to explore.
Or:She was imaginative，adventurous and determined.
59. We all sometimes fail.
Or:We face failure/defeat/hardships/challenges in life.
Or:There are difficulties/barriers/obstacles in life.
Or:We run into trouble sometimes.
Or:We have trouble in life.
60. I will try to reach my goal because I want to live an exciting life.
Or:I will try to reach/get to the top of the“mountain”because I want to be successful in life.
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议短文阅读。作者通过小时候爬山的经历告诉我们：我们每个人在人生中都会
遇到很多座山，但我们要勇于梦想，攀登高峰。
56. 细节归纳题。根据文章第二段What could these steps lead to? Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it
would be starting to get dark soon. I started climbing up those strangely mysterious steps.可知，好奇心驱使作者
探索这些台阶通往什么，从而可以归纳出答案，注意字数的限制。
57. 细节归纳题。根据文章第三段But it was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my
way back. My mom would be worried sick if I didn’t come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark
while trying not to get too scared.可知，作者没有到达山顶而急于回家的原因一共有4个，考生只需要归纳2
个原因，注意字数的限制。
58. 细节归纳题。根据文章第四段作者梦见城堡或怪物，可知作者非常具有想象力；根据But something
inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.可知，作者
内心的某些东西会不惜一切代价爬上那座山并迫不及待地想再次冒险，可知作者具有冒险精神并且有决心。
根据这些归纳出答案，注意字数的限制。
59. 句意理解题。根据全文我们可以推断出We all fall down.指的是“我们生活中遇到的障碍/困难/失败/挑
战等”。由此可以归纳出答案，注意字数的限制。60. 开放题。首先要理解题干中的mountain指的是“障碍或失败”，并且要陈述自己的理由，注意字数的
限制。
2017年
Writing 1
【2017年江苏卷】Population Change
Why is the world’s population growing? The answer is not what you might think. The reason for the explosion
is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits, but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies. In 1900,
people died at the average age of 30. By 2000 the average age was 65. But while increasing health was a typical
feature of the 20th century, declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.
Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5
nowadays. Furthermore, around 50% of the world’s population live in regions where the figure is now below the
replacement level (i.e.2.1 births per woman) and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement
birth rate. You might think that developing nations would make up the loss(especially since 80% of the world’s
people now live in such nations), but you’d be wrong. Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing
regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.
A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance. What does it imply? First, China
needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country. Second, if other factors
such as technology remain constant, economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent
standards and this could invite trouble.
Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise. Since 1992 the
number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%. Indeed official figures
suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961.
Why is this occurring? Nobody is quite sure, but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do
with it. If current trends don’t bend, Russia’s population will be about the size of Yemen’s by the year 2050.
In the north of India, the population is booming due to high birth rates, but in the south, where most economic
development is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly. In a further twist, birth rate is highest in poorly educated
rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas. In total, 25% of India’s working-age population has no
education. In 2030, a sixth of the country’s potential work force could be totally uneducated.
One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration. As for the USA, it is almost unique
among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010-2030. Moreover, theUSA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants. As a result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its
working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.
Population Change
The birth rate in the 21st century may be much (71) ▲ than it
was in the 20th.
Decline of the birth rate It would be difficult for developed countries to maintain the (72)
▲ of population.
The impact of dropping birth rate on developing countries
may not be (73) ▲ but disastrous.
To guarantee its economic growth, China needs to deal with
the population issue properly, as its workers are getting (75)
▲ .
Population and (74)
The (76) ▲ death of Russians may result in a shrinking
▲ pressure
population, which would damage its economic future. It would
be better if it can change people’s way of (77) ▲ .
Leaving aside the birth rate issue, India’s economy may take off
when the country achieves (78) ▲ of educational
opportunity.
The USA will increase, from 2010-2030, its population by 20%
through (79) ▲ . This will (80) ▲ _ for the lack of young
American solution
work force.
【答案】71. lower 72. size/scale 73. immediate 74. economic 75. old/older
76. earlier 77. living/life 78. equality 79. immigration 80. compensate
【解析】文章大意：文章关注的是人口出生率的下降。得益于医学的进步，全世界的人口虽然在增长，但是不断下降的出生率却是二十一世纪面临的一个严峻问题。
71. 【答案】lower
【解析】根据＂declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st＂可知，21世纪的出生率比20世纪
低，且much/ even/far/a lot/ a little等修饰比较级，故填lower。
72. 【答案】size/scale
【解析】根据第二段中的＂almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate＂可知，
发达国家人口出生率正在下降，即人口难以维持现有的规模，＂maintain＂一词是做题的依据，故填size/sc
ale。
73. 【答案】immediate
【解析】根据第二段中的＂which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few
decades＂中的＂within a few decades＂可知，出生率的下降对发展中国家和全球的消极影响还没有发生，
由此联想到＂影响不是立即产生的＂。
74. 【答案】economic
【解析】接下来几段分别讲了中国、俄罗斯、印度的人口与经济问题，根据＂economic development
before a population decline hits the country＂可知答案。
75.【答案】old/older
【解析】根据＂A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China＂可知，中国可能会迎来年
轻劳动力的危机，故填older。
76.【答案】earlier
【解析】根据＂the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than
those in 1961...but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it＂可知，俄罗斯人口由
于缩短的寿命而急剧下降。
77.【答案】living/life
【解析】此处是说，如果俄罗斯人改变他们的生活方式，他们的情况可能会好一些。
78. 【答案】equality
【解析】根据倒数第二段中的＂but in the south, where most economic development is taking place, birth
rate is falling rapidly＂可知，教育可以降低出生率，因此，可以通过普及教育来抑制人口增长。
79. 【答案】immigration
【解析】根据最后一段中的＂One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration.＂可知，
通过移民来引入外来工人是解决劳动力短缺的一种方法。
80. 【答案】compensate
【解析】根据最后一段中的＂Moreover, the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants.
As a result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population＂可知，美国的移民政策将会使劳动
力有所增加。接纳移民可以弥补劳动力的短缺。
Writing 2
【2017年江苏卷】请认真阅读下面有关我国电影票房收入（box-office income）的柱状图及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Saturday Afternoon. In a Shopping Centre.
Li Jiang: Hi, Su Hua. Which movie shall we see?
Su Hua: Whatever. We’ve got so many choices, Kung Fu Yoga,
Journey to the West…Each sounds great!
Li Jiang: Yeah! And some movie stars are fantastic.
Su Hua: And the high-tech!...
Li Jiang: Perfect! Let’s get some food first. We only have 20 minutes
left.
Su Hua: No hurry. The cinema is on the same floor.
One Day in 2016. At Home.
Son: Mum, shall we go and see a film tonight?
Mother: Why bother? We can stay at home and watch films online. It’s convenient with our new and faster
network
Son: But it feels good in a cinema.
Mother: And the price… We have to pay 50 yuan a ticket.
Son: Only 10 yuan more than last year.
Mother: But still we cannot get the money’s worth. Some films are just boring…
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词概述柱状图信息的主要内容；
2. 我国电影票房收入变化的原因有哪些，简要谈谈你的看法（上述对话仅供参考，原因不少于两点）；
3. 谈谈你对我国电影票房收入走向的看法，并简要说明理由。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
【参考范文】
Possible version one：
The box-office income of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to
over 40 billion in 2015. However, that increase slowed down in 2016.The reasons behind this are various. The fast economic development before 2016 was probably the most
powerful engine driving the constant growth in the box-office income. The application of new technologies and the
wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase. However, China saw a decline in its economic
growth rate last year. And the Internet increased options for movie lovers. Consequently, some viewers began to
turn away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth.
China’s economy is expected to grow at a medium speed in the coming years, so an increase is possible in the
investment in the movie industry and the number of quality movies. Therefore, its box-office income will probably
enjoy a slight increase. (150 words)
Possible version two：
As is indicated in the graph, the box-office income of Chinese films increased constantly from 2012 to 2015,
but its growth, for one reason or another, slowed down in 2016.
The increase in the box-office income can be attributed to a number of factors. The quality of life has
improved and watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment. Besides, filming technology has
advanced and more quality films are on offer. Moreover, the Internet plays an important part. On the Internet,
people can seek information about their favorite stars and buy tickets at a discount as well, which is both time-
saving and economical.
However, the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future. Cinemas have gradually given way to
the rise of the Internet and cellphones, and the ticket price is on the increase. Therefore, the film industry should
make greater efforts to attract more viewers. (150 words)
【解析】考查任务型读写。此类作文对考生的能力要求极高。首先考生要以30词左右概述短文内容。接下
来要分析票房收入变化的原因并给出自己的看法，并谈谈自己对票房走向的看法。作文以第三人称和一般
现在时为主。
要点：
1. 概述：中国电影票房在2012—2016年间呈现不断增长的趋势，但是2016年的增长相比于前几年很缓慢。
2. 分析原因：票房增长与人们生活水平的不断提高息息相关，人们有了多余的钱，才可能消费、娱乐；另
一方面，电影的制作技术日臻成熟，许多优质的电影不断上映；再者，互联网的普及无疑起到了很大的宣
传作用。
3. 看法和理由：票房增速将会小幅上涨或有所回落。只要给出恰当的理由，对票房看涨或是看落皆可。
写30词的概述时，语言要简练、不拖沓。遣词造句要符合英语的表达习惯，尽量用上定语从句、状语从句
和非谓语动词与倒装句等语法和句型。同时注意语句的连贯性。Writing 3
阅读表达
【2017年天津卷】In the years of my growing up, Dad was strict with me. He made sure I made
my bed and did my homework. He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the
party. I got so angry with him for laying down the law. I would scream, “ I hate you!” Dad would yell
back, “Good! I don’t care!” Deep down I knew he did.
One time at a party, I drank too much alcohol and got so sick. I said, “ Call my dad.” Next thing,
Dad was carrying me to the car. I woke up the next morning, thinking I would definitely be criticised.
As expected, I got a roasting , but I now understand why I needed discipline.
Dad was 29 when he got his big roles in films. I had an early start at the age of nine with a role
in a 1990s TV series, but it wasn’t until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress.
Like those early days for Dad, I faced lots of rejections. Working in such a competitive industry, I’ve
sometimes thought, “I can’t do this any more.”
Once, after a trip to Hollywood, I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my
bedroom painting, listening to Eckhart Tolle’s music and trying to find myself again. Dad sat me down
and said,“Alice, I know it’s hard, but it’s all about persistence(坚持不懈).”
Now I get to work with Dad a lot, which I love. We are both passionate about acting, which comes
from us being so interested in people. If it weren’t for Dad, I wouldn’t be where I am today. He’s my
biggest fan, and when you have that in your life you can go a long way.
56. What rules did Alice’s father set for her when she was growing up?(no more than 15 words)
57. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? (no more than 5 words)
58. What did Alice’s father do when she felt depressed? (no more than 5 words)
59. According to the last paragraph, what do Alice and her father have in common? (no more than 10
words)
60. What do you think of Alice’s father? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个严父、慈父对女儿的教育培养以及对女儿的影响。
56. She should make her bed, do her homework and drink no alcohol.
Or: Making her bed, doing her homework and drinking no alcohol.
【解析】根据文章第一段的句子He made sure I made my bed and did my homework. He would call in advance
to make sure there was no alcohol at the party. I got so angry with him for laying down the law. 可知作者爱丽斯
的父亲给她制定了自己铺床、做作业和不许喝酒的规定。57. I got/was criticised/scolded.
【解析】根据文章第三段的内容：Dad was 29 when he got his big roles in films. I had an early start at the age of
nine with a role in a 1990s TV series, but it wasn’t until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an
actress. Like those early days for Dad, I faced lots of rejections.可以判断出我和父亲早年的时候一样，面对了
许多次的拒绝，即受到了批评。
58. He encouraged/comforted/inspired her.
【解析】根据文章第四段内容Once, after a trip to Hollywood, I returned to Australia so depressed and spent
months in my bedroom painting, listening to Eckhart Tolle’s music and trying to find myself again. Dad sat me
down and said,“Alice, I know it’s hard, but it’s all about persistence(坚持不懈).”可以判断出在爱丽斯感到精神
不振的时候，父亲鼓励、安慰、激励了她。
59. They are both passionate about acting and interested in people.
【解析】根据文章最后一段中的We are both passionate about acting, which comes from us being so interested
in people.可以判断出爱丽斯和她的父亲的共同点就是对演艺事业充满了激情，对人们感兴趣。
60. He is a good/devoted/caring/loving father because he was strict with his daughter and encouraged her when she
was in trouble.
Or: He is always supportive/a source of strength. Whenever she is in trouble, he is there for her.
【解析】根据第一段的句子 Dad was strict with me. He made sure I made my bed and did my
homework. He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party.和第二段的句子As
expected, I got a roasting, but I now understand why I needed discipline.可知，爱丽斯的父亲对女儿严格
要求，是一个严父。由第四段内容Once, after a trip to Hollywood, I returned to Australia so depressed
and spent months in my bedroom painting, listening to Eckhart Tolle’s music and trying to find myself
again. Dad sat me down and said,“Alice, I know it’s hard, but it’s all about persistence(坚持不懈).”可以判断出
爱丽斯的父亲对女儿的关爱和鼓励，所以判断出爱丽斯的父亲是一个好父亲，是女儿力量的源泉。
2016年
Writing 1
【2016年江苏卷】An Extension of the Human Brain
Other people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies (欠缺), much as a wooden leg
can compensate for a physical deficiency. To be exact, other people can extend our intelligence and help us
understand and adjust our emotions. When another person helps us in such ways, he or she is participating in whatI’ve called a "social prosthetic (义肢的) system." Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face, and it’s clear to
me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems. It’s already a big bank of many
minds. Even in its current state, the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.
Regarding memory: Once I look up something on the Internet, I don’t need to keep all the details for future
use — I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so. More generally, the Internet
functions as if it were my memory. This function of the Internet is particularly striking when I’m writing; I’m no
longer comfortable writing if I’m not connected to the Internet. It’s become natural to check facts as I write, taking
a minute or two to dip into PubMed, Wikipedia, or other websites.
Regarding judgment: The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large. For example, when I’m
writing a textbook, it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term, which helps me dig into
the core and understand its meaning. But more than that, I now regularly compare my views with those of many
others. If I have a "new idea," I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it, or
something similar — and I then compare what I think with what others have thought. This certainly makes my own
views clearer. Moreover, I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about
those of others on the Internet.
These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since I’ve begun using a smartphone. I now
regularly pull out my phone to check a fact, watch a video, read weibo. Such activities fill the spaces that used to be
dead time (such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting).
But that’s the upside(好处). The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and
sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea. Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between.
An Extension of the Human Brain
●The (71) ▲ can help make up for our mental and emotional
deficiencies as a wooden leg can compensate for a bodily
deficiency.
A prosthetic nature
●It (72) ▲ in our daily events, extending our intelligence,
comprehending our feelings, and expanding the range of social
activities.
●On the Internet, we could quickly and easily locate the details, and
check facts, without (73) ▲ them in mind.
Wonderful aspects: ●The Internet makes us smarter over (74) ▲ kinds of things. It
memory and judgment
provides a dozen definitions of a key term for us to find the (75)
▲ of the matter.
●The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to (76)
▲ our claims, and to (77) ▲ our actions.●Smartphones make it easier and more (79) ▲ to check reality,
The (78) ▲ sides watch video clips, read weibo.
of smartphones
●Smartphones (80) ▲ the possibility for new and insightful
minds, and steal away our dead time.
【答案】71. Internet 72. participates/joins 73. keeping 74. all/different/various 75. heart/core
76. check 77. judge 78. mixed/two 79. convenient 80. reduce
【解析】71. Internet 原词再现。根据第一段第四句Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face, and it’s
clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems.可知因特网可以拓宽社会
义肢系统的范围，也就是说网络可以弥补我们精神和情感上的缺陷。
72. participates/joins 同义句转换。根据第一段最后两句 It’s already a big bank of many minds. Even in its
current state, the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.可知动词短语＂participate/join in＂符合句意。
73. keeping 词形转换。根据第二段第一句＂Once I look up something on the Internet, I don’t need to keep all
the details.....＂可知动词短语＂keep...in mind记住＂，在表格中放在介词without的后面，要使用动名词
keeping的形式。
74. all/different/various 同义词转换。根据第三段第一句The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and
large.可知原文中＂matters small and large＂就是＂all/different/various＂的事情。
75. heart/core 同义句转换。根据第三段第二句＂.....which helps me dig into the core and understand its
meaning＂可知网络能让我们找到事物的核心并理解其真正含义。故短语＂the core/heart of the matter＂和
原文中＂dig into the core＂语义一致。
76. check 同义词转换。根据第三段第四句＂If I have a ＂ new idea,＂ I now quickly look to see whether
somebody else has already thought of it, or something similar—and I then compare what I think with what others
have thought.＂可知当我们有了新的观点以后，我们会上网检查核对别人是否已经有了同样的观点，并对
自己的行动做出判断。表格中check与原文语义一致。
77. judge 归纳总结。根据第三段最后一句＂Moreover, I can find out whether my reactions to an event are
reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.＂可知在网络上阅读其他人的信息，让我判
断我的行为是否合理，所以表格里使用动词judge。
78. mixed/two 归纳总结。在文章最后两段中既提到了智能手机的优点也提到了其缺点。所以这是智能手
机的正反两方面内容，所以使用形容词＂mixed/two＂。
79. convenient 同义句转换。根据第四段后两句 I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact, watch a
video, read weibo. Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead time (such as waiting for somebody to arrive
for a lunch meeting).可知我们可以使用智能手机随时查信息，看视频，读微博，使用起来非常方便。所以使用形容词＂convenient＂。
80. reduce 句意转换。根据文章最后两句＂The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my
thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea. Those opportunities are now fewer and
farther between.＂在过去那些＂dead periods＂时，我总会有一些灵光一现的神来之念，但是现在这些时间
都被智能手机占用了。无疑就减少了这些神来之念的可能性。所以表格中使用＂reduce the possibility＂。
Writing 2
【2016年江苏卷】In recent years, internet voting has become increasingly popular in China. People not only
cast on-line votes themselves, but also urge others to vote for competitions like the "Most Beautiful Teacher" and
the "Cutest Baby".
Li Jiang, a high school student, is invited to vote in the "Best Police Officer" competition, organized by the
local government to let the public have a better understanding of police officers’ daily work. Li Jiang visits the
website and reads all the stories. He is deeply moved by their glorious deeds. He is already thinking of becoming a
policeman himself in the future.
Su Hua is invited by his uncle to vote for his cousin in the "Future Singer" competition. He has already
received three similar invitations this week. His uncle tells him that if his cousin wins the competition, the family
will win an overseas tour for free. Su Hua likes his cousin very much, but he finds other singers perform even
better. To vote, or not to vote? This is a question that troubles him very much.
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要；
2. 用约120个单词阐述你对网络投票的看法，并用2~3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
【答案】
Possible version one:
On-line voting becomes increasingly popular, and many competitions get people involved in it. It is beneficial
to some people, while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not.
In my opinion, on-line voting is an inseparable part of modern life and should be welcomed, since it is nomore than a way to participate in public life. It makes no difference from ordinary voting events, in which
candidates go around to seek supports. In addition, the Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient,
regardless of time and space. Furthermore, voting on the Internet makes instant feedback possible.
To be honest, voters sometimes feel annoyed, not because they hate voting, but because they are divided
between emotion and fairness. Things will turn for the better if we can work out some participation rules for people
to obey. Therefore, I hold a positive attitude towards on- line voting.
(150 words)
Possible version two:
Internet voting is quite popular nowadays. Many people are somewhat puzzled at the negative side of the
voting, although some are quite happy with it, and active in doing it.
In my opinion, Internet voting has begun to show its negative impacts on people and society. Firstly, people
may feel forced when asked to do things that they don’t want to. Secondly, voting of this kind does not depend on
the strong points of the competitors, but rather on how many social-networking resources they have. Thirdly, the
voters or even the competitors in many cases are possibly taken advantage of by the organizers for commercial
purposes.
In short, Internet voting, to some extent, is unfair, if not immoral, and cannot be trusted. Therefore, rules
should be worked out and strictly observed. Everyone in our society should help those in need, but it is more
important to be sincere and earnest.
(150 words)
【解析】
试题分析：此类作文对考生的能力要求极高。首先考生要以30字概述短文内容。接下来就网络投票发表个
人看法并提出理由和根据。文章要使用第三人称和一般现在时为主的时态。要点：
1.概述：网络投票越来越流行，几乎人人都参与了网络投票，在给人们带来好处的同时，有时候也让人进
退两难不知道是否应该参加这样的投票。
2.支持：网络投票和生活密切相关，我们应该积极参与。理由及依据：（1）它是一种社会生活的方式；网
络投票方便容易，不受时间和地点的束缚，同时网络投票的反馈迅速可靠；（2）虽然有时候网络投票也
会给我们带来困扰，但如果有更好的参与规则，网络投票会更加规范合理。
3.反对：网络投票会给人带来负面影响：（1）人们会因为网络投票而产生被迫的感觉；（2）网络投票结
果并不客观；（3）网络投票可能会被故意利用。建议考生在写作概述时
Writing 3
【2016年上海卷】 Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed to reduce congestion(拥堵)at some of the country’s busiest stations.
In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London
Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.
A six-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the
right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is
designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . It could be expanded across
the Tube network in coming years.
According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving
the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the ＂standing ＂side.
A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be
raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: ＂It may not seem
right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This
new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.＂
Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim
that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times.
Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.
The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am
on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.
In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three ＂up＂ escalators will be standing only,
with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.
(Note: Answering the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)
78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?
79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?
80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.
81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other ＂up＂ escalators will be
used for_________________.
【答案】78. The capacity of escalators hasn’t been made full use of.
79. Passengers can go quicker by standing still.
80. 18.5m
81.standing only and a mix of walking and standing【解析】试题分析：本文属于议论文，禁止人们在电子扶梯上走动，并让所有的乘客站在扶梯的两边，这
种做法增加了电子扶梯的容量，文章就此内容展开讨论。
78.The capacity of escalators hasn’t been made full use of.
推理判断题。根据第二段In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of
escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.所
有的游客将被迫站在电子扶梯的两边，以增加电子扶梯的载客量，减轻高峰期的交通压力。也就是说原来
的方法并没有充分利用好电子扶梯的容量。
79. Passengers can go quicker by standing still.
细节理解题。根据第五段第一句A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using
escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third.可知在Holborn进行的为期的三周的测试发现乘客们
不在电子扶梯上走来走去，实际上让使用电子扶梯的乘客的人数多了三分之一。
80. 18.5m
细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban
walking.可知静止乘客步行的电子扶梯最好的长度是超过18.5米。
81.standing only and a mix of walking and standing
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段 In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three ＂up＂
escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking
and standing.可知三个向上的电子扶梯中有一个在高峰期禁止行走，一个只能站立，第三个既可以站在上面
也可以在上面步行。
Writing 4
阅读表达
【2016年天津卷】I’m a 34-year-old man, married, lived in a nice house, and have a successful career as an
educational consultant. But my life was not always so great. I had a learning disability from an early age. I went to
a special school where I got plenty of extra help. Still, I suffered the rest of my school days in public schools.
My life improved remarkably when I discovered art. The art world gave me a chance to express myself
without words. I went to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay(黏土). Here I learned my
first important lesson: disabled as I was in language, I could still be smart and well express myself with clay. And
my confidence came along.
I got my next lesson from rock climbing. It was a fun thing but I was scared from the start. I soon noticed it
wasn’t a talent thing; it was practice. So I did it more. After about five years of climbing, I found myself in
Yosemite Valley on a big wall. I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time, you will getbetter at it.
Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write. Every day I practiced
reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. After two hard years, I was literate .
Having gone through the long process with art, rock climbing, and reading and writing, now I’ve got to a point
in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown, hard, but interesting.
56. What made the author’s school days difficult? (No more than 5 words)
57. Why did art give the author confidence? (No more than 10 words)
58. What lesson did the author learn from rock climbing? (No more than 15 words)
59. What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 4? (No more than 5 words)
60. How does the author’s story inspire you to overcome difficulties in life? Put it in your own words.
(No more than 20 words)
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者小的时候有学习障碍，但是他不放弃，通过做黏土来表达自己，通过
不断练习，自己学会了读书写字。
56. 【答案】（His）learning disability. Or: Having a learning disability.
Or: That he was learning disabled. Or: He had a learning disability.
【解析】试题分析：根据文章第一段的句子I had a learning disability from an early age可知作者在学校
的日子很难，因为他有学习障碍。
57. 【答案】He could be smart and express himself with clay.
Or: Art could help him express himself without words.
Or: He could well express himself with clay/art.
【解析】试题分析：根据文章第二段的句子disabled as I was in language, I could still be smart and well
express myself with clay可知艺术给了作者自信，因为艺术可以帮助他表达自己。
58. 【答案】If you enjoy something and keep doing it, you will get better at it.
Or: The more you practice something, the better at it you will become.
Or: Practice makes perfect. Or: Practice leads to success.
【解析】试题分析：根据文章第三段的句子 I soon noticed it wasn’t a talent thing; it was practice.可知作者从
爬山学到如果你喜欢做一件事，就一直做，你会做得更好。
59. 【答案】I could read and write.
【解析】试题分析：根据文章第四段的句子Every day I practiced reading and writing, which I used to avoid as
much as possible. After two hard years, I was literate.可知，这句话的意思是：我会读书、写字。
60. 【答案】We should not lose heart in face of difficulties. If we work hard, we will find a way out.Or: The author’s story tells me that I should be confident, practice hard and overcome difficulties in my
life.
Or: We should overcome our weaknesses and fears with courage and determination.
【解析】试题分析：根据文章的内容和最后一段的句子I’ve got to a point in my life where I know I am smart
enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown, hard but interesting.可知, 从作者的故事中我们学到，面对
失败我们不应该灰心。
2015年
Writing 1
【2015年安徽卷】阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填
一个单词。
Pup a group of strangers in a room together, and they’ll probably start a conversation. "Hot today, isn’t it?"
one might say. "You said it," another replies.
Why do we talk so much about the weather? When we meet new people, we don’t begin by telling them our
life story. We start with small talk, a polite conversation about something like traffic or weather.
Research suggests that small talk can build new friendships. When we begin conversations with new people,
we want to feel comfortable, and so do they. We use small talk to find common interests. Once we have a common
interest, a friendship can begin.
Small talk even helps people get hired. In order to impress at a job interview, you need to bond with the
interviewer right away. Proper small talk can make that first impression get you the job.
So, how can you make small talk lead to a new friendship or job? First off, find common ground. Select
something around you that you share with the other person.
Next, keep the conversation going. Compliment (赞美) the other person to make him or her feel comfo
rtable, and ask questions to show interest.
Third, keep eye contact (接触). When you look people in the eye, they feel you appreciate what they are
saying. It makes you appear honest and builds trust.
Naturally, shy people might not have enough confidence to start up conversations with strangers. Talking to
someone you don’t know is not the easiest thing to do! Some experts say with more practice, small talk does get
easier.
Some people avoid small talk because they dislike discussing things like traffic or weather. For them, they are
just too small. However, when you think about it, small talk is anything but small. In fact, it is actually a very bigdeal!
Title Small Talk: A Big (76)____
Introduction We are likely to make small talk when we (77)____ meet people.
❖ Small talk can help people form (79)____ friendships.
(78)____
❖ Small talk can also help people get a (80)____.
❖ Find some topics (81)____ with the other person.
❖ Keep the talk going by making compliments and (82)____ questions.
Advice
❖ Keep eye contact in conversation to build (83)____.
❖ (84)____ more in order to make small talk easier.
Conclusion Small talk really (85)____ a lot to us.
【答案】76. Deal 77. first 78. Advantages/Benefits 79. new 80. job/position/post
81. shared 82. asking/rasing 83. trust 84. Practice/Practise 85. matters/means
78. Advantages/Benefits 根据第三段可知，简短的谈话可以帮助人们建立友谊，帮助人们找到工作，说明
这里说的是好处或优点。
79. new 根据第三段“Research suggests that small talk can build new friendships.”可知答案。
80. job/position/post 根据第四段“Proper small talk can make that first impression get you the job.”可知答案。
81. shared 根据第五段“Select something around you that you share with the other person.”可知答案，这里用
过去分词作后置定语。
82. asking/rasing 根据第六段“and ask questions to show interest”可知，通过提问问题来表示自己感兴趣，
by后跟动名词。
83. trust 根据第七段“It makes you appear honest and builds trust.”可知，眼神接触能使人显得真诚，并在
双方之间建立起信任。
84. Practic e/Practise 根据倒数第二段“Some experts say with more practice, small talk does get easier.”可知，
简短对话经过多加练习之后就会变得容易。85. matters/means 根据最后一段“small talk is anything but small. In fact, it is actually a very big deal!”可知，
简短对话不容小觑，事实上，简短对话很重要。matter重要，相当于count。mean a lot to sb对某人来说
意义重大。
Writing 2
【2015年广东卷】请阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应
选项字母涂黑。
首先阅读下列活动介绍：请根据以下人物介绍选择他们可能参加的活动：
46.Edward Leonardo Norton, connoisseur of Chinese and Japanese antiques. He has a strong interest in classical
Chinese literary works. He even starts going to evening classes to learn classical Chinese at Columbia University.
47.Daphne Sui-yuan Tan, former director of National Association of Photographers. After reading some history
books on how the first group of Chinese immigrants survived in America of the 19th century, she has become
keen on her own family history and that of others.
48.Sharon Collins, pop singer and amateur photographer. Her marriage with a serious music critic has drawn her
to his world, so she is now crazy about classical music and will not miss any chance to attend a concert with her
husband.
49.Michelle Higgins, eminent photographer and columnist for quite a few internationally-known travel magazines.
Recently, she has shown great interest in photo exhibits which feature young artists with Islamic or Chinese
background.
50.Caroline Hugo, famous writer and influential movie critic. Last year her fantasy story which involved the
mysterious Forbidden City received critical acclaim. Now she is conceiving a romance that has Shanghai of the
1930s as the setting.
【解析】
46. F根据Edward Leonardo Norton 对于中国的古典文学作品感兴趣，并且去上夜校来学习古典汉语。选项
F叙述的是Kunqu Society是中国古典的戏院，把唱歌、跳舞和中国文学作品联系起来。这正符合Edward
Leonardo Norton的要求，故选F。
49. D根据Michelle Higgins对于摄影展非常感兴趣。选项D叙述的是一次摄影展在4月24日在纽约举行，
这正符合Edward Leonardo Norton的要求，故选D。50. E根据Caroline Hugo写过关于紫禁城一个故事，选项E叙述的是Forbidden Delights要讨论关于紫禁城
的城市。
Writing 3
【2015年广东卷】阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
On the first day of her work, Sally found that a class full of problems was waiting for her. Six teachers had quit
before her. When she walked into the classroom, it was chaos: two boys were fighting in the far corner, yet the rest
of the class seemed not to notice them; some girls were chatting and some were running about; paper, food
packages and other garbage were littered around... Just when she was about to speak, a student rushed in and
pushed her aside! He was twenty minutes late!
Sally walked onto the platform, picked up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard: "Rule 1: We are
family!" All students stopped to look at her. And she continued with Rule 2,Rule 3...In the following weeks, Sally
worked out 10 class rules and posted them on the walls of the classroom. She patiently explained all the rules to the
students and required everyone to follow them.
Surprisingly, Sally was not driven out like the former teachers; instead, she won respect from the students.
Over the year, she witnessed gradual changes in the class. At the graduation ceremony, just as she expected, she
was very proud to stand with a class of care, manners and confidence.
[写作内容]
1.用约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2.用约120个词就班规谈谈你的想法，内容包括：
(1)你们班最突出的问题是什么?
[来源:学。科。网]
(2)针对该问题你会设计一条什么班规?
(3)你认为该班规会带来什么影响?
[写作要求]
1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文的句子。
2.作文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
【答案】
第一节DNA Detection
We can use saliva sample to detect whether people have major illnesses, predict whether people are particular about
food and remind people to take proper exercise. People should pay 125 pounds for it. It takes four to six weeks tofinish the report. After detection we can realize we should strengthen our bodies. It may cause too many worries.
[来
源:Zxxk.Com]
第二节
Sally was a teacher. who taught some students full of proble ms. The students didn’t follow the school rules.
Therefore, she made the rules for them. Later they made great progress.
In our class ,some students don’t work hard and often fight with each other. I will tell them some stories about hard-
working people.I will make a study plan to encourage them to study work. I put up some sayings on the walls to re
mind them to do so.I will explain to them that studying hard is very important. They aren’t allowed to fight at
school.In this way, students have a good habit. Most of the students follow the school rules and study work. They
will respect teachers and other classmates. They will have good manners and confidence. Later they will get better
grades.
【解析】
试题分析：对于基础写作用5个句子概括医疗新技术，要求必须用上所有的要点，不能遗漏。对于概括短
文大意，要抓住要点。叙述自己的班级情况时：1.仔细阅读有关提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息。2.根据
要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态；就本文而言应该用一般现在时态及一般将来时。 3.注意使用高级词
汇和句式，以增加文章的亮点。
【亮点说明】本文结构紧凑，层次分明，而且使用了多种句式和结构。比如 I will explain to them that
studying hard is very important 运用了宾语从句，以及 Sally was a teacher.who taught some students full of
problems.定语从句。副词Therefore的使用使文章内容更具有层次感，也使语言更加连贯。
Writing 4
【2015 年湖南卷】 Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the
information from the passage
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Not all print dictionaries are the same, as you will notice when you select one. To make a wise selection, you
should know how to distinguish among three kinds of print dictionaries: pocket, desk, and unabridged. You should
also know the copyright date of your dictionary, and check its special features.
A pocket dictionary is small. Generally, it contains no more than 75,000 entries, making it handy to carry to
class and efficient to use. However, a pocket dictionary doesn’t contain enough entries to be adequate for college
reference homework. In addition, the information about each word in a pocket dictionary is generally limited. A
desk dictionary is medium-sized, generally containing over 170,000 entries as well as extra features. For collegework you should own a current desk dictionary. An unabridged dictionary is a complete dictionary. Abridged
dictionaries, such as pocket and desk dictionaries, are shortened. Because unabridged dictionaries contain nearly all
English words, they are large and heavy. They are often used by schools and libraries.
If the copyright date of your current dictionary shows that it was published five or more years ago, consider
investing in a more recent edition. English is a dynamic language that admits new words and recognizes changes in
meaning, spelling, and usage of familiar words. This is reflected in an up-to-date dictionary.
In selecting a dictionary, check the features it offers besides vocabulary definitions. Many editions contain
signs, symbols and foreign words. Some also contain CD-ROMs and access to special online features.
【答案】71．Select 72．Inadequate 73．word information 74．desk dictionary 75．extra features
76．large and heavy 77．schools and libraries 78．admitting new words 79．Cheek 80．access to
【解析】试题分析：本文讲述了三种字典的类型，旨在告诉读者如何根据需要去选择字典。
71．Select; 本文讲述了三种字典的类型，旨在告诉读者如何根据需要去选择字典。故填Select.
[来源:Z.xx.k.Com]
72．inadequate;根据第二段中的第三句话：However, a pocket dictionary doesn’t contain enough entries to be
adequate for college reference homework.可知作者认为口袋字典不能用来作为写家庭作业的参考。不能够胜
任: inadequate for…。故填inadequate
73．word information;根据第二段的第四句话：the information about each word in a pocket dictionary isgenerally limited可知口袋字典里每个单词的意思是有限的。故填word information
77．schools and libraries;根据第二段的最后一句话：They are often used by schools and libraries. 可知
unabridged dictionaries适用于学校和图书馆。故填schools and librarie
78．admitting new words;根据第三段的第二句话:可知英语是一种动态的语言，所以字典也应该及时地更新，
允许心的单词加入。故填admitting new words
79．check;根据第四段的第一句话： In selecting a dictionary ,check the features it offers besides vocabulary
definitions.可知题目中最后一个方框里的三条信息所讲的是选择字典时要检查词汇意外的特点，故填check
80．access to;根据全篇章的最后一句话：Some also contain CD-ROMS and access to special online features.可
知，故填access to
Writing 5
【2015年湖南卷】Walk Out of the Comfort Zone and Try New Things
For most high school students, free periods are useless. From what I have seen, few do homework; instead many
are on their phones and talking, making it impossible for those who actually want to do work to complete any. As a
senior next year, I think extra periods should be used to take optional subjects.
Our school offers many classes. Now is the time to experiment in different fields of study. We will never know if
we are interested or talented in a subject if we don’t try it.
In my 8th grade, I was told that I had to take an art class as a graduation requirement; so in the 9th grade I took
Studio and Art. One of the projects was to build a clay pot, but I built mine incorrectly, so it broke in the kiln (窑). I
found out that I have no artistic ability at all, and now I know for sure that I do not want to be an artist. However,
the class was one of my favorites that year. I was able to try new activities and test my ability.
Walk out of our comfort zone and try new things! College is when we should focus on a specific major, but high
school is when we have to figure it out.
Half of all college students change their major at some point. By doing that hundreds of dollars are wasted on
classes that they would have never needed to take. So use our extra periods to find out what we want to do incollege. The classes we choose can impact us in the future. Taking optional subjects will enrich our mind. It will
also show colleges we are diverse students.
81. How should we use our extra periods in the author’s opinion?(No more than 9 words) (2 marks)
82. Why does the author think we should experiment in different fields of study?(No more than 17 words) (2
marks)
83. Why did the clay pot show the author’s lack of artistic ability?(No more than 10 words) (3 marks)
84. According to the author, how will taking optional subjects impact us in the future?(No more than 13 words) (3
marks)
【答案】
81.We should use them to take optional subjects.
82.We will never know if we are interested or talented in a subject without trying it.
83.It was built incorrectly and broke in the kiln.
84.It will enrich our mind and show colleges we are diverse students.
82.We will never know if we are interested or talented in a subject if we don’t try it.根据第二段倒数第一句话和
倒数第二句话：Now is the time to experiment in different fields of study. We will never know if we are interested
or talented in a subject without trying it.可知道答案，又因为字数有限，所以将 we don’t try it 改成without
trying it.故填We will never know if we are interested or talented in a subject if we don’t try it.
83.It was built incorrectly and broke in the kiln.根据第三段第二句话：One of the projects were to build a clay
pot, but I built mine incorrectly so it broke in the kiln.可知作者因为做错了陶罐导致它摔碎，从而得知自己没
有艺术家的天分。故填It was built incorrectly and broke in the kiln.
84.It will enrich our mind and show colleges we are diverse students.根据最后一段的倒数两句话：The class wechoose can impact us in the future. Taking optional subjects t will enrich our mind. It will also show colleges we are
diverse students.可知去学选修课可以丰富我们的大脑，让我们成为一个多才多艺的大学生。故填 It will
enrich our mind and show colleges we are diverse students.
【考点定位】人生哲理类短文阅读。
【名师点睛】这种有关人生类的哲理性短文，夹叙夹议，一定程度上相当于记叙文。首先一定要理清作者
的思路，根据作者的思路搞清楚他想表达自己一个什么样的思想以及他从自己的经历或叙事当中的体会是
什么。比如第三段中的句子：One of the projects was to build a clay pot, but I built mine incorrectly, so it broke
in the kiln (窑). I found out that I have no artistic ab ility at all, and now I know for sure that I do not want to be an
artist.可知作者本来是想做一个艺术家，但通过烧窑做黏土锅这件事发现自己并不适合当艺术家。以此来鼓
励作者根据自己的兴趣做一些尝试，成功失败都不重要，在年轻时丰富自己的经历和大脑才是首要事情。
Writing 6
【2015年江苏卷】People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds.
One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For want
of better names, we shall call these two classes immediatereward and delayed reward.
In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and
corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from
news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and health.
News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the
dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at
a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or
dogs.
News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate
unpleasantness or annoyance — as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting
national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of "threat value." It is read so
that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the
world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other
kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.
For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist
may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story
for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latestsuccessful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any
given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect
experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of
categories holds in general, an individual’s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or
divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.
What news stories do you read?
Division of People expect to get (71) ▲ from reading news.
news stories News stories are roughly divided into two classes.
Some news will excite their readers instantly while others 【答案】
won’t. 71．rewards/
(72) ▲ of News of immediate reward will seemingly take their
rewarded
the two classes readers to the very frightening scene without actual (73)
72．
▲ .
Readers will associate themselves closely with what Explanations
happens in the news stories and (74) ▲ similar feelings
73．
with those involved.
Involvement
News of delayed reward will make readers suffer, or
74．Share
present a(75) ▲ to them.
News of delayed reward will induce the reader to (76) 75．threat
▲ for the reality while news of immediate reward will 76．Prepare
lead the reader to (77) ▲ from the reality.
77．
Withdraw
Unstable boundaries What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped
of the two classes by their 78．
(78) ▲ .
profession(s)/i
Serious readers will both get excited over what happens
ntention
in some news stories and (79) ▲ themselves to the
79．Adapt
reality.
Thus, the division, on the whole, (80) ▲ on the reader. 80．depends71．信息查找题。根据“People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of
two kinds.”可知此处填rewards/rewarded“得到回报/被奖励”。
72．信息归纳题。文章二、三、四段是对“immediate reward（即时回报）”和“delayed reward（迟来的
回报）”的解释。
73．信息转换题。根据第三段第二句“A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the
dangers or stresses involved.”可知此处填involvement“参与”。
76．信息转换题。根据第四段中“It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared.”可知此处
填prepare，与后面的介词for搭配“为……做准备”。
77．信息查找题。根据第四段中“When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the
world of threatening reality toward the dream world.” 此处填withdraw “退出，离开”。
78．归纳概括题。根据最后一段中“For example, a sociologist may … A coach may …A politician may
…”可知读者对新闻故事的期待很大程度上受他们职业的影响。此处填profession(s)“职业”/intention“意
图，动机”。
79．信息查找题。根据第四段中“When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the
world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work.”可知此处填adapt“使适
应”。80．归纳概括题。根据最后一段中“while the division of categories holds in general, an individual’s
tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between
the two kinds of reward.”可知这一分类取决于读者个体。此处填 depends，和后面的介词on搭配“取决
于”。
Writing 7
【2015年江苏卷】
81.请阅读下面文字及图表,并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章.
[写作内容]
1. 用约 30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2. 结合上述信息，简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因；
3. 根据你的分析，从社会规范(rules and regulations)和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示(不
少于两点)。
[写作要求]
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
[评分标准]
内容完整，语言规范,语篇连贯，词数适当。
【答案】The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack. It not only affects our everyday life, but may also threaten
people’s lives. The three selections presented above are typical examples.
Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem. In spite of the large-scale construction of roads
and highways, there is still much room for improvement, because of the ever increasing number of cars
these years. What’ s worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic
rules.
In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order. Without
them, people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos. But rules alone don’t secure an
orderly society. It is the people who obey the rules that matter. It is everybody’s duty to observe them to
keep our society in order and going on the right track. (150 words)
【亮点说明】范文严格按照“三步走”的格局，第一段用短短26字（不含标点）概括了所给材料，得益于
使用了“not only…but also…”这一经典句型；第二段分析了导致交通问题的原因，使用了“give rise to,
large-scale construction of, the increasing number of, (be) vital to”等高级词汇，同时“what’s worse”衔
接词的恰当使用使该段条理清晰。第三段句型多样，变换使用了“Without虚拟语气，it is…who…强调句
型，it is one’s duty to do sth.”等句型，为文章增色不少。
【考点定位】考查“说明文类材料+图形+提纲类”作文。
Writing 8
【2015年四川卷】 阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题，请清楚问题后的词数要求。
It was a hot summer day that found me running down the street with a dollar in my sweaty hand.The closer I
got to Sam & Joe's Stationery Store, the more excited I was. After all, a dollar was a tidy sum for an 11-year-old
boy in 1961.
Out of breath, I swung open the door and got a blast of cold air that instantly cooled me off. I was in a place of
pure happiness. Sam & Joe's had it all — books, candy, toys, baseball cards，puzzles and games. I went directlyto the bar and ordered a bottle of soda. There I sat, considering my next move.
Books always came first. I picked out five titles. Next came the candy, rows and rows of it. I chose five
candy bars, which brought my total to 75 cents. Then a bottle of cold orange juice, a bag of chips and a pack of Ted
Williams baseball cards. After paying the clerk, I still had 5 cents.
I hurried directly to my backyard, where an apple tree patiently waited for me. There, sitting in the shade
against its strong trunk, I read my books, ate my candy and drank my orange juice.
As I sat in my own personal heaven，I started thinking about having more. That's when a fantastic life-
changing idea popped into my head: If I could get more money, I could buy more books I liked, buy anything l
wanted. That's how it all started.
56. How did the boy feel on his way to Sam & Joe’s?(no more than 5 words)
57. What does “a tidy sum” mean in Paragraph 1?(no more than 5 words)
58. What did the boy consider doing first after he ordered soda?(no more than 5 words)
59. What did the boy do while reading?(no more than 5 words)
60. Where was the boy’s “personal heaven”?(no more than 9 words)
【答案】56.He felt excited. 57.Much/A lot of /A great amount of money 58.He considered buying
books.
59.He ate and drank. 60.It was under the apple tree in the backyard.
【解析】56.He felt excited.根据第一段的The closer I got to Sam & Joe's Stationery Store, the more
excited I was可知，回答He felt excited.
59.He ate and drank. 根据倒数第二段的I read my books, ate my candy and drank my orange juice.可知回
答He ate and drank.
60.It was under the apple tree in the backyard. 根据上文的I hurried directly to my backyard, where an
apple tree patiently waited for me. There, sitting in the shade against its strong trunk,可知，作者的天堂就
是后院的苹果树下。Writing 9
【2015年天津卷】阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Six days a week, up and down the red hills of northeast Georgia, my grandfather brought the mail to the folks there.
At age 68, he retired from the post office, but he never stopped serving the community.
On his 80th birthday, I sent him a letter, noting the things we all should be thankful for — good health, good
friends and good outcomes. By most measurements he was a happy man. Then I suggested it was time for him to
slow down. At long last, in a comfortable home, with a generous pension, he should learn to take things easy.
“Thank you for your nice words,” he wrote in his letter back, “and I know what you meant, but slowing down
scares me. Life isn’t having it made; it’s getting it made.”
“The finest and happiest years of our lives were not when all the debts were paid, and all difficult experiences
had passed, and we had settled into a comfortable home. No. I go back years ago, when we lived in a three-room
house, when we got up before daylight and worked till after dark to make ends meet. I rarely had more than four
hours of sleep. But what I still can’t figure out is why I never got tired, never felt better in my life. I guess the
answer is, we were fighting for survival, protecting and providing for those we loved. What matters are not the
great moments, but the partial victories, the waiting, and even the defeats. It’s the journey, not the arrival, that
counts.”
The letter ended with a personal request: “Boy, on my next birthday, just tell me to wake up and get going,
because I will have one less year to do things — and there are ten million things waiting to be done.”
Christina Rossetti, an English poet, once said: “Does the road wind uphill all the way? Yes, to the very end.” Today,
at 96, my grandfather is still on that long road, climbing.
56. What was the author’s grandfather before he retired? (no more than 5 words)
57. What did the author advise his grandfather to do in his letter? (no more than 10 words)
58. What is the grandfather’s view on life according to his letter back? (no more than 10 words)
59. How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)
60. Do you agree with the grandfather’s view on life? Give reasons in your own words, (no more than 20 words)
【答案】
56. He was a postman. Or: He worked in a post-office.
57. He advised him to slow down (and take things easy). / He advised he/his grandfather (should) slow down.
58. The process is more important than the result.
Or: A man should not slow down however old he is.
Or: Life isn't having it made; it's getting it made. / It's the journey, not the arrival that counts.59. My/His/The grandfather is still busy doing meaningful things.
Or: The grandfather is still living an active life.
Or: The grandfather is still involved in whatever he can do.
60. Yes. One should always be full of passion in his life no matter how old he is.
Or: People should make full use of their time to do something meaningful
No. It is more sensible for people to slow down and enjoy an easy life in their old age.
Or: Slowing down contributes to better health and longer life for people in old age.
58. 细节归纳题。根据文章第四段It’s the journey, not the arrival, that counts等内容可以归纳出答案。
59. 句意猜测题。根据上文的内容可以推测出，他爷爷仍然在忙于做有意义的事情。
60. 开放题。首先要回答同意不同意他爷爷的生活观，并且陈述自己的理由。
【考点定位】阅读表达。
2014年
Writing 1
【2014年广东卷】阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息，请在答题卡上将对应题号的相
应选项字母涂黑。
首先请阅读某大学提供给学生的项目信息：
A． B.
In-Company Experience Camp World
[来
源:学+科+网]
Cha llenging posts in Work in camps for young people in one or more
industry for gap year of the five continents. You help organize sports
students. Use your activities and other outdoor pursuits and you
academic and interpersonal could end up with a qualification as an instructor.
skills to improve a product 学科网ZXXK]
[来源:or service provided by a
top name company-and get
paid for it!
[来源:学科网]
[来源:学,科,网]
C. D.
Community Care Academic Study Year
Volunteer wor k at home Spend a whole year studying
and abroad with the at a foreign university in
physically and mentally Europe, the USA or even
handicapped, the further afield, without the
homeless, the elderly and pressure of exams.
orphans. You’ll need to be Accommodation with local
committed, patient and families. Grants available.
sensitive to others.
E. F.
Conservation Language Teachers Abroad
International
Teach your own language or
Conservation and research English in almost any
work with teams of country in the world. Class
volunteers on nature sizes vary from one to one
reserves in South America hundred and resources can be
and Africa. Projects basic, but your students will
include monitoring welcome you with open
wildlife, path building and arms.
water and soil
conservation.
46. I grow up in a very big family. My parents have raised twelve kids and I am their first-born. It has been my duty
to help my mom take care of my brothers and sisters. To handle them, often I have to organize an outdoor activity,
like a softball game. I must say that I have the potential to work as an instructor.
47. Last year, my dog got crippled after losing the fight to my neighbor’s bulldog. I rinsed its wound with some
lotion and t ied its leg with a stick. I had him take medicine every day for a full month. Finally he recovered. I
think I can help the elderly and the disabled as well. I feel so good when I can offer help.
48. I am a film buff. A big fan of Antonio Banderas. He is so wild and charming. Because of him, I fell in love with
Spain. The Latin dance and the bullfight are really exciting. Oh, if only I could stay in Spain as an exchangestudent! I would be learning Spanish so well that I can watch a Spanish film with the dubbing.
49. I had the experience of working as a social worker in Switzerland last summer. I love the country and its people.
There are gr eat mountains for climbers and the local people are so nice to strangers. I helped the kids with their
English. My teaching skills improved greatly during my stay. Now I’m well prepared to work as a language
instructor.
50. I spent my gap year traveling all over Africa last year. It was definitely an eye- opening experience. The exotic
clothes and tribal dances of the people really fascinated me. But I was most amazed by the wildlife there. I really
took great pleasure in watching those animals hunting their prey. You know, I specialize in zoology, and I’m a good
observer.
Writing 2
【2014年广东卷】阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Oseola McCarty spent more than 75 years washing and ironing other people’s clothes. As a laundrywoman,
she was paid only a few dollars each time. Certainly nobody would consider her rich, so they were all amazed whenMiss McCarty decided to donate $ 150,000 to the University of Southern Mississippi.
The money was all my savings. She could save such a large amount of money because she lived a very
simple life. She never learned to drive, and when she wanted to go somewhere, she just walked. She never flew to
anywhere till the donation（捐助），and in 50 years she had been out of the South only once. The house in which
she lived was also a rather modest one her last uncle left her. Only after she became known in America did she
begin to travel all over the country. Since then, she had been the subject of many interviews and articles and was
even invited to the White House.
Her donation was for students who clearly needed financial help. She herself left school in the sixth grade and
had never married or had children. She said to the reporters that the idea of helping somebody’s child go to college
gave her much pleasure.
[写作内容]
1. 用约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2. 用约120个词就Miss McCarty的捐助谈谈你的想法，内容包括：
（1） 你如何看待她的捐助行为；
（2） 你认为她的捐助对受惠学生有哪些影响；
（3） 如果你自己要捐助，你会选择哪个群体并陈述理由。
[写作要求]
1. 作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文的句
子。
2. 作文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。To bring as many angel-like smiles as possible to our society,we should practice more beneficial
performance by
Writing 3
【2014年安徽卷】阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
Many people believe that classical music is not relevant music is not relevant to young people today. However,
this issue (问题) frequently causes heated debate.
Some people say that classical music is associated only with old people .For example, if you look at the
audience at a classical concert, the majority is over the age of fifty.
Others say it is more popular than we first imagine. Many young people listen to classical music without
realising. It is often used in films and advertisements. For example, a famous piece of classical music was used as
the theme music for the 1990 World Cup. Not many people could have given its name, but millions enjoyed it.
Also, some people point out that young people produce new music based on classical ideas: for example, it is
said that rap(说唱)music was invented by a classical musician in 1912, but it is now used by young people in pop
music.
However, young people point to the fact that classical music has been outstripped(超越) by technology. Toplay a classical instrument, such as a violin, you need to study hard and practise for hours. Nowadays, you don’t
need to get aching arms from practising. A teenager can write and make music using a computer program in the
comfort of their own bedroom.
A final point to in mind is that the term "classical music" is used to refer to a great variety of music, from jazz
to pieces for large orchestras(管弦乐队). This makes it even more difficult to say whether classical music is
relevant to young people.
So, it may be only a minority of young people who play classical instruments, but when it comes to enjoying
classical music, it depends on the piece of music. It may be more relevant to young people in the modern world
than they realise!
Title Classical Music
The issue of whether classical music is (76) to young people causes
Introduction
heated debate.
Opinions Evidence
★ Classical music is associated only with ☆ (77) of the audience at a classical concert are
old peonl. over fifty.
★ Many young people don’t (78) ☆ Classical music is often found in films and
advertisements.
some music they listen to is classical.
★ Classical ideas provide a (79) ☆ Young people now (80) rap in popular
music.
for producing new music.
★ (81) has put classical music at a ☆ A young man can write and make music on a
disadvantage. computer (82) in his bedroom.
★ “Classical music” can refer to various ☆ Classical music (84) from jazz to pieces
(83) of music. for large orchestras.
Conclusion Classical music may still be (85) by young people today.
试题分析:文章介绍是否年轻人喜欢古典音乐的讨论，列出了不同的观点和证明这些观点的证据
76.原词重现题:根据文章第一段的句子: Many people believe that classical music is not relevant music is
notrelevant to young people today.可知这篇文章讲的是古典音乐是否和年轻人有关的问题,填形容词
relevant“相关的”。
77.词义转化题:根据文章第二段的向子:if you look at the audience at classical concert , the majority is
over theage offifty可知听音乐会的大部分人都是 50 岁以上的人。The majority 要改成 Most of。
78.词性转化题：根据第三段的句子：Many young people listen to classical music without realising .可知很多
人听古典音乐却没有意识到这个是古典音乐。文章里面的realizing，在题目中需要谓语，所以填realize
（realize）/know/recognise(recognize)79.词性转化题：根据第四段的句子：Also,some people point out that young people produce new music based
on classical ideas:可知人们创作新的音乐是以古典音乐为基础的，这里需要base的名词：basis。
80.词性转化题：根据第四段的句子：it is said that rap(说唱)music was invented by a classical musician in
1912, but it is now used by young people in pop music.可知人们在流行音乐中使用rap，文章里面是被动含义
题目中用主动，填use。
81.原词重现题：根据第五段的句子：However, young people point to the fact that classical music has been
outstripped(超越) by technology.可知科技超越了古典音乐，填Technology
82.词性转化题：根据第五段的句子：Nowadays, you don't need to get aching arms from practising. A teenager
can write and make music using a computer program in the comfort of their own bedroom可知年轻人可以舒服的
在卧室里面用电脑程序做音乐，这里用副词comfortably修饰动词make music。
83.句意理解题：根据第六段的句子：A final point to in mind is that the term "classical music" is used to refer to
a great variety of music, from jazz to pieces for large orchestras(管弦乐队).可知古典音乐可以被用来指各种各
样的音乐。文章中的a great variety of=various kinds/ types/sorts of.
Writing 4
【2014年湖南卷】Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the
information from the passage.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Many of us invest valuable time，energy and money planning our vacations. We do this because we know for
sure that going on vacations must be good for us. Research proves this feeling without a doubt. Vacations help us
perform better at work, improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression.
Yet, despite these benefits, many of us return home with a feeling that our last vacation was OK - but not great.
In order to change this, some mistakes should be avoided. A classic one for vacation planners is attempting to
maximize value for money by planning trips that have too many components (组成部分)• Perhaps you’re planning
a trip to Europe, seven cities in 10 days，and you realize it will cost only a little more to add two more destinationsto the list Sounds fine in theory, but hopping from one place to the next hardly gives an opportunity to experience
what psychologists call mindfulness - time to take in our new surroundings, time to be present and absorb our
travel experiences. Another mistake is that we worry too much about strategic issues such as how to find a good
flight deal，how to get from A to B，or which destinations to add or subtract from our journey. These issues may
seem important, but our psychological state of mind is far more important.
Actually, vacation happiness is based on the following top rules. First, choose your travel companions wisely,
because nothing contributes more significantly to a trip than the right companions. Second，don’t spend your
vacation time in a place where everything is too expensive so as to maintain a positive mood. Third, shop wisely,
for meaningful experiences provide more long-term happiness than physical possessions.
【答案】71.Vacations 72.performance 73.quality of sleep 74.attempt 75.worry
76.good flight deal 77.adding 78.rules 79.choice 80.shopping wisely
73.quality of sleep。词义归纳。根据第一段中的最后一句Vacations help us perform better at work, improve
our sleep quality and cushion us against depression.可以归纳出答案。
74.attempt。词性转换。根据第二段中的A classic one for vacation planners is attempting to maximize value formoney by planning trips that have too many components (组成部分).可以归纳出答案，原句的动词转换为名词。
75.worry。原词再现。根据文中第二段中Another mistake is that we worry too much about strategic issues可以
归纳出答案。
79.choice。词性转换。根据第三段中的First, choose your travel companions wisely, because nothing contributes
more significantly to a trip than the right companions.中有动词choose转换为词组make a choice。
80.shopping wisely。词性转换。根据最后三段中Third, shop wisely, for meaningful experiences provide more
long-term happiness than physical possessions.由shop wisely转换为shopping wisely。
考点：考查学生对信息的归纳。
Writing 5
【2014年湖南卷】
Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.
Kids and Ponds
Years ago there was a group of kids who would hang around at some local ponds in the woods near their
houses in Warwick, Rhode Island. In summer they caught frogs and fish. When winter arrived they couldn’t wait to
go skating. Time passed, and the ponds became the only open space for the kids to enjoy themselves in that
neighborhood.
One day. a thirteen-year-old boy from this group of kids read in the local newspaper that a developer wanted to
fill in the ponds and build over a hundred small houses called condominiums. So the boy went door to door and
gathered more than two hundred signatures (签名）to stop the development A group of citizens met and decided to
support him.
At the meeting of the town planning board (委员会)，the boy was quite nervous at first and spoke very softly.
But when he saw the faces of his friends and neighbors in the crowd and thought about what was happening to
their favorite ponds，his voice grew louder. He told the town officials that they should speak for the citizens. He
also insisted that they should leave enough space for children. A few days later，the developer stopped his plan.Nine years later, when that teen was a senior in college, he was informed that the developer was back with his
proposal to build condominiums. Now twenty-two years old, he was studying wetlands ecology. He again appeared
before the town planning board. This time as an expert witness, he used environmental protection laws to explain
restrictions on development in and around wetlands and the knowledge of wetlands ecology to help improve the
development. Finally some condominiums were built, but less than half the number the developer wanted. The
ponds where those kids used to hang around were protected by a strip of natural land，and are still there today.
81.What did the kids like to do at the local ponds in winter?
(No more than 6 words) (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
82.How did the boy win the citizens’ support?
(No more than 10 words) (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
83.What did the boy tell the town officials?
(No more than 16 words) (3 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
84.What helped the boy to protect the ponds successfully nine years later?
(No more than 12 words) (3 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
81.They liked to go skating.
82.He went door to door and gathered their signatures.
83.He told them they should speak for the citizens and leave enough space for children.
84.Environment protection laws and knowledge of wetlands ecology helped him.
82.考查细节归纳。根据文章第二段So the boy went door to door and gathered more than two hundred signatures
(签名）to stop the development可以归纳出答案。83.考查细节归纳。根据文章三段中的He told the town officials that they should speak for the citizens. He also
insisted that they should leave enough space for children.故可以归纳出答案，注意词数的限制。
84.考查细节归纳。根据文章第四段 This time as an expert witness, he used environmental protection laws to
explain restrictions on development in and around wetlands and the knowledge of wetlands ecology to help
improve the development.可以归纳出答案，注意词数的限制。
考点：考查记叙文阅读
Writing 6
【2014年江苏卷】The expression, “everybody’s doing it,” is very much at the center of the concept
of peer pressure. It is a strong influence of a group, especially of children, on members of that group to behave as
everybody else does. It can be positive or negative. Most people experience it in some way during their lives.
People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self-respect
comes from the approval of others. This instinct (天性) is why the approval of peers, or the fear of
disapproval, is such a powerful force in many people’s lives. It is the same instinct that drives people to
dress one way at home and another way at work, or to answer “fine” when a stranger asks “how are
you?” even if it is not necessarily true. There is a practical aspect to this: it helps society to function
efficiently, and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.
For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction; in order to
satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong. Teens and young adults may
feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel
pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to
hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to “keep up with the
Joneses.”
However, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged
to study harder and get good grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the
team win. This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a
bad one. Study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better
themselves.
Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure. They teach kids to stand up and be
themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong. Similarly, it can be
helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.【解析】or car that they can’t afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses可以得出消极影响包括缺乏道德感、刑事
犯
Writing7
【2014年江苏卷】请阅读下面短文,并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。
When we read newspapers, we often come across such English words as “AIDS” and “PK.” Whenwe watch TV, we frequently hear words like “NBA” or “PM2.5.” When we speak, we automatically
use words like “OUT” or “Bye-bye.” English words and expressions like these are getting popular. They
have already become part of our daily language. And 239 English words have been included in the latest
Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese. ZXXK
The inclusion has started a heated discussion. A group of scholars signed a letter of complaint over the
inclusion of these English words, which, they think, goes against Chinese language policies. They not only worry
that Chinese is borrowing an increasing number of English words but are also concerned that the inclusion may
hurt the dignity of the Chinese language. However, others are in favor of the inclusion because it is hard to say
whether it will threaten the Chinese language. They believe the selection is mostly a result of their function and use
in daily life.
[写作内容]
1. 用约 30 个单词写出上文概要;
2. 用约 120 个单词发表你的观点,内容包括:
(1)支持或反对汉语词典收录英语词汇;
(2)用 2- 3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。
[写作要求]
1. 可以支持文中任一观点,但必须提供理由或论据;
2. 阐述观点或提供论据时,不能直接引用原文语句;
3. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;
4. 不必写标题。
[评分标准]
内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。
【答案】【解析】Writing 8
【2014年江西卷】阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的词
数要求）。
【1】A safari park is a park in which wild animals are kept. They are mainly located in east or
central Africa. They often occupy a very wide area, with mountains and rivers. To visit the park and
look at the animals, people have to drive around in a car for a few hours because the park is huge.
【2】In south Africa there is a safari park, which contains all sorts of wild animals like lions,
elephants, rhinoceroses(犀牛), zebras, wild pigs, deer and giraffes.
【3】There is a wild road leading through the park, but nobody is permitted to walk on the road.
Anyone traveling in the park has to go in a car because wild animals may fiercely attack people. From
the car he may see almost every type of African wildlife. Some of these are getting scarce (稀有的)
because people kill them for various reasons. For example, rhinoceroses are killed for their horns(角),
which are used in traditional Chinese medicines for colds and headaches. Perhaps they will be seen only
in museums and books one day.
【4】Travelers may purchase food for the animals. They can feed them when they tour the park. Of
course, they should not feed them in a close distance because the wild animals may attack people. In
addition, they should only give proper food to the animals.
【5】A traveler may carry a gun with him in his journey. The gun is given to him by the
government. However, it is not used for hunting. In fact, a seal is fixed to it. The traveler may fire at awild beast to defend himself in case he is attacked. However, he has to prove to the government that he
has been attacked and that he has not fired at a harmless animal.
76. List one of the reasons why travelers have to stay in a car during their visit.（no more than 6
words）
________________________________________________________________________
77. Why are rhinoceroses getting scarce?（no more than 7 words）
________________________________________________________________________
78. What warning are given to travelers when they feed the animals?（no more than 15 words）
________________________________________________________________________
79. How does the government know the gun is fired?（no more than 10 words）
______________________________________________________________________
80. What is the passage mainly about?（no more than 6 words）79. 答案：By checking their seal
解析：文章最后一段提到政府提供游客枪支（However, it is not used for hunting. In fact, a seal is fixed
to it.），但不是用来猎杀，因为枪支贴有封条。通过封条的是否撕开来判断是否使用过。
考点定位：考查文章细节合理推断能力。
80. 答案：A safari park in South Africa
解析：全文介绍了safari公园的位置，公园里的野生动物以及公园游玩注意事项。
Writing 9
【2014年山东卷】阅读下面的短文并用英语回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题
后的字数要求）。
[1] Nowadays the cost of a new car has fallen in real terms so that it is cheaper than ever to own one, and better
road conditions have also attracted more drivers. The result is overcrowding on the road system, which is one of the
problems the local governments are faced with.[2] When people travel to other towns, the problem might be relieved by getting them to park outside the town.
Buses could be provided to take them into the centre. These Park and Ride projects are increasingly popular in the
UK. At Southerton, for example, a council-funded project led to a 15% drop in city centre traffic over five months.
[3] What the council found, though, was that the project proved somewhat unpopular with shop owners in the
area outside the centre. Many of their shops relied on passing car drivers for some of their trade. As the number of
people driving past dropped, so did their incomes.
[4] Making car driving expensive is another way of ____________. Road taxes tend to mean that people use
their cars less. Fining drivers who are in areas where cars have been banned can also tend to encourage them to
leave their cars behind.
[5] However, one thing has to be got right for any solution to succeed. If we expect people to give up the habit
of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on. Constant delays, unannounced changes to the
timetable and sudden cancellations all discourage people from using public transport. People will only see it as a
real choice if the buses and trains are on time.
66. What causes overcrowding on the road system according to Paragraph 1? (no more than 12 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
67. What should people do when traveling to other towns according to the Park and Ride projects? (no more than
14 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
68. Why were some shop owners unhappy about the project? (no more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
69. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4. ( no more than 8 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
70. Why are people unwilling to use public transport according to Paragraph 5? (no more than 8 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________【解析】
试题分析:随着汽车价格的逐渐下降，公路状况越来越好，路上的汽车也就越来越多了。结果就使得公路亚
重拥挤。本文就解决道路拥挤问题提出建议，如何才能让司机放弃开车选择公交。
[小题 1] 根据第一段句子“..the cost of a new car had fallen...和“...better road conditions have also
attracted more drivers."可以与出答案为: The reduced lowered cost of a new car and better road
conditions。
[小题 2]根据第二段句子“... the problem might be relieved by getting them to park outside the
town...take them to the center....可以与出答案 They should park outside the town, and take the bus to the
centre.
[小题3] 根据第三段最后一句“As the number of peopie ...so did their incomes”可知，开车经过商场的
人少商店的收入也就会随着减少。所以答案为 Their incomes dropped because fewer people drove past。
[小题 4]根据第四段空格所在的句子“使开车费用增加也是一种方法”说明上文已经提到了解决什么问题
的方法。根据第二段开头句子“When people ...the problem might be relieved of getting them to park
outside the town.”可知，使开车的费用增加也是--种减轻交通拥挤问题的方法。因此可以写出答案
relieving the problem( of over crowding)。根据下文提到“road taxes和“finding drivers”等两项费用问题
可以促使更多的司机不开车，所以这也是一种鼓励司机不开车乘公交车的一种方法。因此可以写出答案
encouraging people to use public transport more encouraging people to use their cars less。
[小题 5] 根据最后一段句子“If we expect..rely on”说明，我们想让人们放弃开车的想法必须给他们值得
信赖的选择。接着后面列举了一些公交车的弊端，比如耽搁时间，随意更换时间，突然取消等等问题都不
能
让人们真正信赖公交。所以可以总结出答案Because public transport is not reliable/satisfactory.
考点：考查阅读表达Writing 10
【2014年四川卷】阅读表达（共5小题：每小题2分，共10分）
When my father was celebrating a milestone(里程碑) birthday, I pulled together a surprise gift that he would
never forget.
As he was approaching 60, I had a fun idea: What if I could get the memories people had of him, put each
one into an envelope — 60 in total — and have him open them, one by one, on his birthday? So I wrote an e-mail
to family and friends, explaining my idea.
I sent the e-mail and waited. And then the replies started coming in and I was very, very surprised. There were
so many memories, and they were all so lovely. They came from the ‘50s, ‘60s, ‘70s, from every decade（十年）
between now and the day my dad was born. They came from my mother, my siblings, my grandma, my dad’s
friends from high school, his sister, my dad’s first boss, a colleague at his first job, from people who hadn’t seen my
dad in 40 years, from people I myself hadn’t even informed. They typed them and handwrote them. They mailed
them and e-mailed them.
The night before Dad’s birthday, my sister and 1 stayed up late, putting everything together with some
envelopes.
The next morning, after breakfast and presents and cake, we gave the pile of envelopes to him. ＂Just one
more thing for you,＂ we said.
It took him a long time to open them and read. Each one was a brief ticket to another time, a leap(跳跃)
backward over years and decades. There was a lot of laughter and a few tears, too.
I was kind of sad when the project was over because it was great fun to collect these memories. It gave me a
different picture of my dad.
56. When did the author give her father a surprise gift? (no more than 4 words)
57. Who sent the mails? (no more than 6 words)
58. Why did the author and her sister stay up late the night before their father’s birthday? (no more than 9 words)
59. How did the author’s father most probably feel when he read the mails? (no more than 3 words)
60. What was the surprise gift? (no more than 6 words)
【答案】
56.On his 60th birthday.
57.The people who know/knew her father.
58.Because they needed to put the mails into envelopes.59.He felt/was moved/excited/happy.
60.The memories about/of the author’s father.
[来源:学科网ZXXK]
【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。在文中作者讲述了她在父亲60岁生日时是如何给父亲送上一份特别的生日
礼物的故事。在父亲生日前她突然有了一个主意，就是给父亲收集60个熟悉他的人对过去事情的美好回忆，
然后放到信封里，去给父亲一个惊喜。然后她真地实践了自己的想法，成功地收集到了那些美好的回忆，
给父亲了一个难忘的生日礼物。
56.0n his 60 birthday,考查细节理解。根据文章首段和第二段内容可作者送给父亲特别的礼物是在他60
岁生日那天，答案填 On his 60 birthday
57.The people who lmow/mew her father. 考查细节理解。以文章第二段内 They came from my mother,
colleague at his first job, from people who hadn't seen my dad in 40 years, from people I myself hadn’t
even informed.可知父亲的亲戚，朋友,家人和一切认识他的人寄来了信或者发来 email,故答案为 The
people who know /knew her father 。
58.Because they needed to put the mails into envelopes. 考查细节理解。由文章第四段my sister and 1 stayed up
late, putting everything together with some可知他们晚上熬夜要把信装进信封，答案为Because they needed
to put the mails into envelopes。
59.He felt/was moved/excited/happy. 考查推理判断。从文章倒数第二段there was a lot of laughter and a
few tears ,too判断父亲非常激动。答案填He felt / was moved / excited /happy。
60.The memories about/of the author’s father. 考查细节理解。从文章内容可知作者给父亲的礼物是别人有关
父亲的回忆，答案为The memories about / of the author’s father 。
考点：考查阅读表达。
Writing 11
【2014年天津卷】阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
【2014 年天津卷】Last December, Doris Low turned 90. Once a week she still drives to the
Canadian National Institute for the Blind (CNIB) in Toronto, where she helps transform literature into
braille(盲文) to bring the power of story and knowledge to the hears and minds of blind readers. She has
been volunteering her time and talents to such enterprises foe more than 40 years.
After working in the business world for a while, Low got fed up. So she turned to teaching at a
technical school and later moved into the library.
Low’s mother liked reading. As her eyes began to fail, low read to her. Then “hearing an
advertisement encouraging people to learn braille, I decided to give it a try.” In 1973, she was certifiedas a braille transcriber (转译者) and began transcribing books as a volunteer for the CNIB library.
The job was strenuous — she could get to the end of a page, make a mistake on the last line, and
have to do the whole thing again. For a number of years, Low also worked in the CNIB sound studio
reading books onto tape. Three years ago, she took up proofreading (校对) at the CNIB’s word factory.
In April, during Volunteer Week, the CNIB recognized Low for her great contributions. Thanks to
volunteers like Low, the CNIB library has got more than 80,000 accessible materials for people unable to
read traditional print. “I can’t imagine how many readers of all ages have benefited from Doris’s
contribution as a skilled volunteer through her rich voice and her high degree of accuracy in the hundreds
of books she has brailled and proofread over the years — and she is still doing so,” said a CNIB
official.
“For me,” said Low, “the CNIB is more than just a place to volunteer. Three things matter most in
my life: a little play, a little work, a little love. I’ve found them all here.”
56. What does Low still do at the age of 90 at the CNIB? ( no more than 10 words)
57. Why did Low learn braille? (no more than 15 words)
58. What does the underlined word “strenuous” most probably mean?(1 word)
59. What are Low’s contributions to the CNIB? (no more than 15 words)
60. What do you think of Low? Give your reasons. (no more than 20 words)
【答案】
56.She helps transform literature into Braille (for blind readers/ the blind).
57. (Because) her mother’s eyes began to fail and she heard an/ the advertisement.
58. Difficult/Hard/tiring/tough.
59.She has brailled and proofread hundreds of books, and read books into onto tape.
60.Low is kind and helpful because she has devoted much time to transcribing books into Braille as a
volunteer.
Or: Low is kind-hearted lady with a positive attitude toward life because she takes delight in helping
others.
[文章大意] Doris Low 到去年 12 月份就 90 岁了。但是她从事志愿者活动已经有 40年了。她的工作是
把故事和口识传播给盲人读者通过吧文学作品翻译成布莱叶盲文。有时还要读录成磁带。三年前她又从事
校
对工作。这个工作很辛苦，但是她喜欢。56.根据文童第一段第二句话可如,Low 现在 90 岁仍然在 CAB 从事帮助把文学作品翻译成布莱叶盲文的
工作, 所以回答She helps transform literature into Braille (for blind readers the blind）。
57.57.根据文章第三段可知，因为她的妈妈喜欢阅读，但是她的视力变差了，而她也听到了一则鼓励人们
学习布莱叶盲文的广告。所以回答(Because) her mother’s eyes began to fail and she heard an/ the
advertisement.
58.第四段开头，破折号是对画线的词strenuous 的解释，都做到最后了，因为一个错误就必须从新做。所
以strenuous的同义词是Difficult/Hard/tiring/tough.（很累、很难。）
59.第五段介绍了 Low 对CNIB的贡献：把很多书翻译成了布莱叶盲文、校对了数百本书籍还读书录成磁
带。所以回答She has brailled and proofread hundreds of books, and read books into onto tape.
60.Low是一个善良的人，她帮助盲人读书。所以回答 Low is kind and helpful because she has devoted
much time to transcribing books into Braille as a volunteer.
Or: Low is kind-hearted lady with a positive attitude toward life because she takes delight in helping
others.
