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2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题(第1套)
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You
should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then
express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should
writeat least 120words butnomorethan 180words.
Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and
answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer
from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the
sentences withtheinformation given in thepassage.
Survivingthe Recession
America’s recession began quietly at the end of 2007. Since then it has evolved
into a global crisis. Reasonable people may disagree about whom to blame. Financiers
who were not as clever as they thought they were? Regulators falling asleep at work?
Consumers who borrowed too much? Politicians who thoughtlessly promoted
home-ownership for those who could not afford it? All are guilty; and what a mess
they have created.
Since 2007 America has shed 5 million jobs. More than 15% of the workforce
are jobless or underemployed—roughly 25 million workers. The only industries
swelling their payrolls are health care, utilities and the federal government. The value
of listed shares in American firms collapsed by 57% from its peak in October 2007 to
a low in March this year, though it has since bounced back somewhat. Industrial
production fell by 12.8% in the year to March, the worst slide since the Second World
War. Mark Zandi, an economist at Moody’s Economy.com, predicts that the recession
will shrink America’s economy by 3.5% in total. For most executives, this is the
worst business environment they’veever seen.
Times are so tough that even bosses are taking pay cuts. Median (中位数的) pay
for chief executives of S&P 500 companies fell 6.8% in 2008. The overthrown
business giants of Wall Street took the biggest knock, with average pay cuts of 38%
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 1 页and median bonuses of zero. But there was some pain for everyone: median pay for
chief executives ofnon-financial firms in theS&P 500fell by2.7%.
Nearly every business has a sad tale to tell. For example, Arne Sorenson, the
president of Marriott hotels, likens the crisis to the downturn that hit his business after
September 11th, 2001. When the twin towers fell, Americans stopped travelling.
Marriott had its worst quarter ever, with revenues per room falling by 25%. This year,
without a terrorist attack, the hotel industry is “putting the same numbers on the
board”,says MrSorenson.
The hotel bust (不景气), like most busts, was preceded by a breathtaking boom.
Although many other big firms resisted the temptation to over-borrow, developers
borrowed heavily and built bigger and fancier hotels as if the whole world were
planning a holiday in Las Vegas. When the bubble burst, demand collapsed. Hotel
owners found themselves with a huge number of empty rooms even as a lot of
unnecessary new hotels were ready toopen.
Other industries have suffered even more. Large numbers of builders, property
firms and retailers have gone bankrupt. And a disaster has hit Detroit. Last year the
American car industry had the capacity to make 17 million vehicles. Sales in 2009
could be barely half of that. The Big Three American carmakers—General Motors,
Ford and Chrysler—accumulated ruinous costs over the post-war years, such as
gold-plated health plans and pensions for workers who retired as young as 48. All
three are desperately restructuring. Only Ford may survivein its current form.
Hard times breed hard feelings. Few Americans understand what caused the
recession. Some are seeking scapegoats (替罪羊). Politicians are happy to take
advantage. Bosses have been summoned to Washington to be scolded on live
television. Thepresident condemns theirgreed.
Extravagance(奢侈)is out
Businessfolk are bending over backwards to avoid seeming extravagant.
Meetings at resorts are suddenly unacceptable. Goldman Sachs, an investment bank,
cancelled a conference in Las Vegas at the last minute and rebooked it in San
Francisco, which cost more butsounded less fun.
Anyway, the pain will eventually end. American business will regain its shine.
Many firms will die, but the survivors will emerge leaner and stronger than before.
The financial sector’s share of the economy will shrink, and stay shrunk for years to
come. The importance of non-financial firms will accordingly rise, along with their
ability to attract the best talent. America will remain the best place on earth to do
business, so long as Barack Obama and the Democrats in Congress resist the
temptation to interfere too much, and so long as organised labour does not overplay
itshand.
The crisis will prove hugely disruptive (破坏性的), however. Bad management
techniques will be exposed. Necessity will force the swift adoption of more efficient
ones. At the same time, technological innovation (创新) will barely pause for breath,
and two big political changes seem likely.
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 2 页Mr Obama’s plan to curb carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions (排放), though
necessary, will be far from cost-free, whatever his sunny speeches on the subject
might suggest. The shift to a low-carbon economy will help some firms, hurt others
and require every organisation that uses much energy to rethink how it operates. It is
harder to predict how Mr Obama’s proposed reforms to the failing health-care system
will turn out. If he succeeds in curbing costs—a big if—it would be a huge gain for
America. Some businesses will benefit but the vast bulk of the savings will be
captured byworkers, not theiremployers.
In the next couple of years the businesses that thrive will be those that are tight
with costs, careful of debt, cautious with cash flow and extremely attentive to what
customers want. They will includeplenty ofnames noonehas yet heard of.
Times change, and corporations change with them. In 1955 Time’s Man of the
Year was Harlow Curtice, the boss of GM. His firm was leading America towards “a
new economic order”, the magazine wrote. Thanks to men like Curtice, “the bonds of
scarcity” had been broken and America was rolling “in an all-time high of prosperity”.
Soon,Americans would need to spend“comparatively littletimeearning aliving”.
Half a century later GM is a typical example of poor management. In March its
chief executive was fired by Time’s current Man of the Year, Mr Obama. The
government now backs up the domestic car industry, lending it money and overseeing
its turnaround plans. With luck, this will be short-lived. But there is a danger that
Washington will end up micromanaging not only Detroit but also other parts of the
economy. And clever as Mr Obama’s advisers are, history suggests they will be bad at
this.
注意: 此部分试题请在答题卡 1上作答。
1.From thefirst paragraph, welearn that America’s recession istheresult of .
A)amessy real estate market C)unregulated competition
B) acombination ofcauses D)financiers’ mismanagement
2.At theworst time, thetotal valueof listed shares in American firms shrank by .
A)57% C)12.8%
B) 15% D) 3.5%
3. According to Arne Sorenson, the president of Marriott hotels, the current
recession .
A) was theworst hehad ever seen since World WarII
B) reduced hisrevenues to aquarter ofnormal years
C)hit hisbusiness as hard as the9/11 terrorist attack
D) spoiled hisplans to build morehotels inLas Vegas
4.TheBig Three American carmakers need restructuring to survive because .
A) theirproduction capacity has shrunk toless than halfoftheprevious year
B) theirtechnology has fallen behind theircompetitors’elsewhere in theworld
C)they have borrowed too heavily and accumulated toolarge amounts of debt
D) they cannot cope with theruinous costs accumulated over thepost-war years
5. Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, cancelled a conference in Las Vegas in order
to .
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 3 页A) raise itsefficiency C)avoid seeming wasteful
B) cut unnecessary costs D) havefun inSan Francisco
6.Theauthor ofthisreport seems to be .
A) against toomuch government interference intheeconomy
B) optimisticabout Obama’s effort to reduceCO₂ emissions
C)interested in political and economic reforms
D) concerned about the interests oftheworkforce
7. According to the author, Obama’s plan to limit carbon dioxide emissions
will .
A) notbenefit America’sindustry C)dogood to theenvironment
B) benefit thewholenation D) bynomeans beinexpensive
8. Because Harlow Curtice’s firm was leading America in creating “a new economic
order”,he was named byTimemagazineas in 1955.
9. In March, General Motors’ chief executive was fired by Mr Obama
for .
10. The author is afraid that the Obama administration will end up
America’s economy.
Part III ListeningComprehension (35 minutes)
SectionA
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long
conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked
about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.
After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four
choices marked A),B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the
corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2withasinglelinethrough thecenter.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2上作答。
11.A)The woman is themanager’ssecretary.
B) Theman found himselfina wrong place.
C)Theman is themanager’s business associate.
D)The woman was puttingupasign onthewall.
12.A)He needs moretimefor thereport.
B) Heneeds help to interpret thedata.
C)Heis sorry notto have helped thewoman.
D)He does not have sufficient datato go on.
13.A)Afriend from New York. C)Apostal delivery.
B) A message from Tony. D) A change in the
weather.
14.A)Sheis not available untiltheend of nextweek.
B) Sheis nota reliablesource ofinformation.
C)Shedoes not liketaking exams.
D)Shedoes notlikepsychology.
15.A)He willhelp thewoman carry thesuitcase.
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 4 页B) Thewoman’s watch istwenty minutes fast.
C)Thewoman shouldn’tmake such a big fuss.
D)There is noneed forthewoman to bein ahurry.
16.A)Mary is notso easygoing as her.
B) Mary and shehave alot incommon.
C)Shefinds ithard to get along with Mary.
D)Shedoes notbelieve what herneighbors said.
17.A)At an information service. C)At arepairshop.
B) At acar wash point. D) At adry cleaner’s.
18.A)The woman came to theconcert at the man’s request.
B) Theman is already fed upwith playing thepiano.
C)Thepiece of musictheman played is very popular.
D)The man’s uniquetalents are theenvy ofmany people.
Questions19to 22arebased onthe conversation you havejustheard.
19.A)He has taught Spanish fora couple ofyears at alocal school.
B) Heworked at the BrownstoneCompany for several years.
C)Heowned asmall retail businessin Michigan years ago.
D)He has been working part-time in aschool near Detroit.
20.A)He prefers afull-timejob withmore responsibility.
B) Heis eager tofind a jobwith an increased salary.
C)Helikes towork ina company close tohome.
D)He would rather get a less demanding job.
21.A)Sports. C)Foreign languages.
B) Travel. D)Computergames.
22.A)When heis supposed to start work.
B) Whatresponsibilities hewould have.
C)When hewillbe informed about hisapplication.
D)What career opportunities hercompany can offer.
Questions23to 25arebased onthe conversation you havejustheard.
23. A) She is pregnant. C) She has just finished her
project.
B) Sheis over50. D) Sheisa good saleswoman.
24. A) He takes good care of Lisa. C) He is good at business
management.
B) Heis theCEOof agiant company. D)He works as a sales manager.
25.A)It is in urgent need offurther development.
B) It produces goods popularamonglocal people.
C)It has been losingmarket share in recent years.
D)It is well positioned to competewith thegiants.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage,
you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 5 页once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with
asinglelinethroughthecentre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2上作答。
PassageOne
Questions26to 29arebased onthe passageyouhavejustheard.
26. A) It is lined with tall trees. C) It has high buildings on both
sides.
B) It was widened recently. D) It usedto bedirty and disorderly.
27.A)They repaved it withrocks. C)They beautified it with plants.
B) They built public restrooms on it. D) They set up cooking facilities
near it.
28.A)What makes lifeenjoyable. C)What acommunity means.
B) Howto work with tools. D)How toimprove health.
29.A)They were obliged tofulfillthesigned contract.
B) They were encouraged bythecity officials’praise.
C)They wanted to prove they were as capable as boys.
D)They derived happiness from theconstructivework.
PassageTwo
Questions30to 32arebased onthe passageyouhavejustheard.
30.A)The majority ofthem thinkit less important than computers.
B) Manyofthem consider it boring and old-fashioned.
C)Themajority ofthem find it interesting.
D)Fewof them read morethan ten books ayear.
31.A)Novels andstories. C)History andscience books.
B) Mysteries and detective stories. D) Books oncultureand tradition.
32.A)Watching TV. C)Reading magazines.
B) Listening to music. D) Playing computer games.
PassageThree
Questions33to 35arebased onthe passageyouhavejustheard.
33.A)Advice onthepurchase ofcars.
B) Informationabout thenewgreen-fuel vehicles.
C)Trends for thedevelopment ofthemotorcar.
D)Solutions to global fuel shortage.
34.A)Limited driving range. C)Theshort life ofbatteries.
B) Hugerecharging expenses. D)The unaffordable high price.
35.A)They need tobe further improved.
B) They can easily switch to natural gas.
C)They are more cost-effectivethan vehicles powered bysolarenergy.
D)They can match conventional motorcars inperformance and safety.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 6 页read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the
passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered
from 36 to 43with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44
to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can
either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your
own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check
whatyou havewritten.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2上作答。
My favorite T.V. show? “The Twilight Zone.” I (36) _______ like the episode
called “The Printer’s Devil.” It’s about a newspaper editor who’s being (37) _______
out of business by a big newspaper syndicate – you know, a group of papers (38)
_______bythesamepeople.
He’s about to (39) _______ suicide when he is interrupted by an old man who
says his name is Smith. The editor is not only offered $5,000 to pay off his
newspaper’s (40) _______, but this Smith character also offers his (41) _______ for
free. It turns out that the guy (42) _______ the printing machine with amazing speed,
and soon he’s turning out newspapers with (43) _______ headlines. The small paper is
successful again. The editor is amazed at how quickly Smith gets his stories – only
minutes after they happen –but soon he’s presented with a contract to sign. Mr.Smith,
it seems, is really the devil! (44) _____________________________________, so he
agrees to sign. But soon Smith is reporting the news even before it happens – and it’s
all terrible – one disaster after another. (45)
_____________________________________________. I really like these old
episodes of “The Twilight Zone” because the stories are fascinating. (46)
_____________________________________________________________________
_____.
Part IV ReadingComprehension (Reading inDepth) (25minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to
select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following
the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each
choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for
each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use
anyofthewordsin thebankmorethanonce.
Questions47to 56arebased onthe followingpassage.
Just when you had figured out how to manage fat in your diet, researchers are
nowwarning against another common mealtimepitfall(陷阱)—salt.
A study by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF),
Stanford University and Columbia University shows that even a 47 decrease in
daily salt intake (摄入) can lead to dramatic health benefits. The authors 48 an
annual drop of as many as 120,000 cases of heart disease, 66,000 49 of stroke and
99,000 heart attacks 50 by high blood pressure after a 3-g-per-day reduction in
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 7 页salt.
The advantages, not surprisingly, were greater for African Americans, who are
more likely to 51 high blood pressure than other ethnic groups, and for the elderly,
sincebloodvessels stiffen with age, which can lead to higher bloodpressure.
“Everyone in the U.S. is consuming salt far in 52 of what is good for them,”
says lead author Dr. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of UCSF. “What we are suggesting is
that a population-wide effort to reduce salt intake, even 53 , will have health
benefits.”
The team conducted a computer-based analysis to determine the 54 of a
3-g-per-day reduction in salt intake on rates of heart disease and death. They also
calculated the cost savings emerging from the amount of disease that would be 55
because of lower blood pressure. The conclusion: by cutting salt intake nationwide,
theU.S. could save $10billion to $24billion 56 inhealth care costs.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2上作答。
A)accidents F) develop K)instances
B) annually G)documented L) modest
C)avoided H)dramatically M)revised
D)caused I)excess N)slightly
E)considerable J )impact O)undertake
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some
questions or unfinished statements. For each of them therearefour choices marked A),
B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding
letter onAnswer Sheet 2withasinglelinethrough the centre.
PassageOne
Questions57to 61arebased onthe followingpassage.
The Gatais used to frown when they received power bills that routinely topped
$200. Last September the couple moved into a 1,500-square-foot home in Premier
Gardens, a subdivision of 95 “zero-energy homes” (ZEH) just outside town. Now
they’re actually eager to see their electricity bills. The grand total over the 10 months
they’ve lived in the three-bedroom house: $75. For the past two months they haven’t
paid acent.
ZEH communities are the leading edge of technologies that might someday
create houses that produce as much energy as they consume. Premier Gardens is one
of a half-dozen subdivisions in California where every home cuts power consumption
by50%,mostlybyusing low-power appliances and solarpanels.
Aside from the panels on the roof, Premier Gardens looks like a community of
conventional homes. But inside, special windows cut power bills by blocking solar
heat in summerand retaining indoorwarmth in winter.
The rest of the energy savings comes from the solar units. They don’t just feed
the home they serve. If they generate more power than the home is using, the excess
flows into the utility’s power grid (电网). The residents are billed by “net metering”:
they pay for the amount of power they tap off the grid, less the kilowatts (千瓦) they
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 8 页feed intoit. If ahomegenerates morepower than it uses, thebill iszero.
That sounds like a bad deal for the power company, but it’s not. Solar homes
produce the most power on the hot sunny afternoons when everyone rushes home to
turn up the air conditioner. “It helps us lower usage at peak power times,” says solar
expert Mike Keesee. “That lets us avoid building costly plants or buying expensive
power at peak usagetime.”
What’s not to like? Mostly the costs. The special features can add $25,000 or
more to the purchase price of a house. Tax breaks bring the cost down, especially in
California, but in many states ZEHs can be prohibitively expensive. For the consumer,
it’s amatter ofpaying now forthehardware tosave laterontheutilities.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2上作答。
57.Whyare theGatais eagerto see theirelectricity billsnow?
A)They want tosee howmuch they have saved.
B)They want tocut down theirutility expenses.
C)They want toknow ifthey are able topay.
D)They want to avoidbeing overcharged.
58.What isspecial about theZEHcommunities?
A)They have created cutting-edge technologies.
B)They aim to beself-sufficient in power supply.
C)They are subdivided intohalfa dozen sections.
D)They are built inharmony with theenvironment.
59.Howare theresidents in theZEH communities billedfor electricityuse?
A)They are onlycharged for theamount ofpower they consumeonrainy days.
B)They needn’t pay a single cent for theirpower consumption onsunnydays.
C)They only pay for theexcess power that flows intothe utility’spower grid.
D)They payfor theelectricity from thegrid less theirhome-generated power.
60.What does the“net metering”practice mean to thepower company?
A) Morepressure at peak time. C)Increased electricityoutput.
B) Lessprofits in theshort term. D)Reduced operational costs.
61.Theauthor believes that buying a housein aZEHcommunity____________.
A)is but adream foraverage consumers
B) gives theowner substantial tax benefits
C)isaworthy investmentin thelong run
D)contributes to environmental protection
PassageTwo
Questions62to 66arebased onthe followingpassage.
Romantic love has clear evolutionary roots but our views about what makes an
ideal romantic relationship can be swayed by the society we live in. So says
psychologist Maureen O’Sullivan from the University of San Francisco. She suggests
that humans have always tried to strengthen the pair-bond to maximise(使最大化)
reproductivesuccess.
Many societies throughout history and around the world today have cultivated
strong pressures to stay married. In those where ties to family and community are
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 9 页strong, lifelong marriages can be promoted by practices such as the cultural
prohibition of divorce and arranged marriages that are seen as a contract between two
families, not just two individuals. In modern western societies, however, the focus on
individuality and independence means that people are less concerned about
conforming to (遵守) the dictates of family and culture. In the absence of societal
pressures to maintain pair-bonds, O’Sullivan suggests that romantic love has
increasingly come to be seen as the factor that should determine who we stay with and
for how long. “That’s why historically we see an increase in romantic love as a basis
forforming long-term relationships,”she says.
According to O’Sullivan culture also shapes the sorts of feelings we expect to
have, and actually do experience, when in love. Although the negative emotions
associated with romantic love—fear of loss, disappointment and jealousy—are fairly
consistent across cultures, the positive feelings can vary.“If you ask Japanese students
to list the positive attributes they expect in a romantic partner, they rate highly things
like loyalty, commitment and devotion,” says O’Sullivan. “If you ask American
college women, they expect everything under the sun: in addition to being committed,
partners have tobe amusing, funny and a friend.”
We judge a potential partner according to our specific cultural expectations about
what romantic love should feel like. If you believe that you have found true romance,
and your culture tells you that this is what a long-term relationship should be based on,
there is less need to rely on social or family pressures to keep couples together,
O’Sullivan argues.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2上作答。
62.What does theauthorsay about people’s views of an ideal romanticrelationship?
A)They vary from culture to culture.
B)They ensure thereproductivesuccess.
C)They reflect theevolutionary process.
D)They are influenced bypsychologists.
63.Wecan infer from thepassage that strong family and community ties .
A) largelyrely onmarriage contracts
B) can contributeto stablemarriages
C)often run counterto romantic love
D)make divorces virtually unacceptable
64.Without social pressures to keep pair-bonds,romantic love .
A) willbe asubstitutefor marriage inhuman relationships
B) plays akey roleinmaintaininglong-term relationships
C)is likelyto replace thedictates of familyand society
D)is away to develop individualityand independence
65.O’Sullivan believes that when people from different cultures fall in love, .
A) they expect different things from theirpartner
B) they tend to exaggerate eachother’s positivequalities
C)they often fail tosee each other’s negative qualities
D)they lay moreemphasis oncommitment and devotion
66.Wecan conclude from thepassage that .
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 10 页A) cultural differences often tear apart afamily built onromanticlove
B) marriages are hard to sustainwithout social or familypressures
C)romanticloveis becoming increasingly important in family relationships
D)romantic lovetends to yield where family orsocial pressures are strong
PartV Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are
four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into
the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line
through thecentre.
The work for which Thomas Malthus is still most widely known is his Essay on
the Principle of Population, which first appeared in 1798. This book introduced
Malthus’s 67 that population inescapably outgrows subsistence (生活资料)，and
that this difference 68 population size and the ability to adequately meet the 69
subsistence needs of all of the members of that population “naturally” produces a
fundamental struggle for 70 , in which some flourishat the 71 ofothers.
Charles Darwin’s most important contribution 72 the field of biology,
described in his work, On the Origin of Species, was to 73 Malthus’s observation
that plants and animals multiply faster than nature can provide for them to his own
74 of the process of “evolution”—the notion that different forms of life develop
75 from a common ancestry (祖先). Combining these elements, Darwin 76
that the factors of “the struggle for existence” and “the survival of the fittest” are the
central mechanisms 77 which evolution is based. In this sense, then, Darwin
introduced the possibility 78 conflict and struggle are biological phenomena,
which are 79 central to humansocial existence.
A number of more contemporary social thinkers were 80 by Darwin and
continued this particular version of the conflict perspective, commonly referred to
81 social Darwinism, into the twentieth century. Thus, for example, Herbert
Spencer, a 82 English social theorist, applied these ideas of the natural 83
of conflict and survival of the fittest to his notion of social evolution, 84
William Graham Sumner, an American sociologist, saw the 85 for survival
among individual actors as operating to bring about fundamental 86 in the
qualityof humansocial life overall.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2上作答。
67 A)scheme B) reference C)theory D) illusion
.
68 A)between B) of C)amid D) about
.
69 A)initial B) basic C)low D) original
.
70 A)existence B) attendance C)presence D) appearance
.
71 A)pain B) offense C)danger D) expense
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 11 页.
72 A)around B) to C)upon D) over
.
73 A)notify B) simplify C)rely D) apply
.
74 A)analysis B) emphasis C)question D) decision
.
75 A)permanently B) occasionally C)gradually D) constantly
.
76 A)promised B) projected C)processed D) proposed
.
77 A)from B) on C)at D) in
.
78 A)which B) where C)that D) how
.
79 A)abruptly B) absolutely C)abnormally D) abstractly
.
80 A)charged B) roused C)promoted D) influenced
.
81 A)like B) for C)as D) by
.
82 A)leading B) directing C)heading D) conducting
.
83 A)path B) route C)process D) channel
.
84 A)while B) when C)unless D) until
.
85 A)rival B) race C)compensation D) competition
.
86 A)opportunities B) advances C)adventures D) oppositions
.
PartVI Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in
brackets. Pleasewriteyour translation onAnswer Sheet 2.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2上作答, 只需写出译文部分。
87.He knewFrance well, _____________ ______________(似乎他多次去过
那个国家).
88. Seeing those pictures, the student couldn’t help __________
___________(回忆起那些难忘的日子).
89. Only after they had performed hundreds of experiments___
____ (他们才成功地解决了这个问题).
90. Some people hold the mistaken belief that our domestic products are ____
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 12 页_________ ____________(总是次于进口商品).
91. Sometimes giving up _____________________ ______(有助你把时间和精力
集中于)thefew things that are trulyimportant.
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 13 页2013年6月大学英语四级答案及精析
Part I Writing
【写作提示】
1. 审题：此次作文题目是阅读文学作品的重要性，仍然是议论文题材，不过与
往年不同的是，此次作文没有文字提示，而是以图片的形式来展现，这就需
要考生看懂图片，先描述图片，然后阐述自己的观点。
2. 提纲：
第一段：描述图片，指出现象（当今学生喜欢快餐文化，不再热衷于文学作
品，老师不得已劝说学生：read itas alongtext-message）
第二段：阐述阅读文学作品的重要性（broaden one’s horizon; enhance one’s
aesthetic taste; benefit one’s mental health）
第三段：总结观点（reading literatureis extremely important forpeople）
3. 语言：力求准确性与多样性，逻辑性与连贯性，过渡自然，行文流畅
【范文精析】
TheImportanceofReadingLiterature
As is portrayed in the picture, a teacher is giving a
第一段描述图 portray: 描绘
literary work to a student, trying to encourage him to read
片，并指出现象： reluctant: 不 情
itasifitisalongtext-message,sincethestudentseemsso
当今学生喜欢快 愿
餐文化，不再热 unhappy and reluctant. Obviously, the picture reveals bekeenon: 喜欢
衷于文学作品。 the phenomenon that nowadays, more and more
students are keen on fast food culture rather than
classicliteraryworks.
As a matter of fact, it is of great significance for
用 as a matter of
us to appreciate literary works. Firstly, reading
fact 引出作者的 broaden one’s
观点：阅读文学 literature can help broaden our horizon, let us gain more horizon: 开拓视野
作品很重要。 life experience and learn more about history. The more enhance one’s
experience you gain, the more knowledgeable you are. aesthetic taste: 提
用 firstly, Secondly, with condensed beauty of arts, the literary 高审美能力
secondly, thirdly
works can also enhance our aesthetic taste, enabling us
从三方面阐述阅
to have a better understanding of beauty. Lastly, reading
读文学作品的重
literature is an effective way for relaxation. The beautiful
要性，层次分明
and moving scenes shown in the literature are beneficial
forone’smentalhealth.
Therefore, we should learn to appreciate the essence: 精
用therefore 总结
华
观点，结束全文。 treasuries our ancestors left and absorb the essence of
them.
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 14 页Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)
1．【答案】B)acombination ofcauses
【精析】细节题。从题干知道应在第一段找答案。文章第一段探究美国经济衰
退的原因，是该责备金融家、监管机构、消费者还是政客？最后一句:
All are guilty.说明多方均有责任。所以 B)项 a combination of causes
为正确答案，即各种原因都有。
2．【答案】A)57%
【精析】细节题。由题干的total valueof listed shares定位到第二段中间一句: The
value of listed shares in American firms collapsed by 57% …, collapsed
与题干的 shrank 都有缩小的意思，因此答案直接给出：57%。listed
shares 意为“上市股票”。
3．【答案】C)hit hisbusiness as hard as the9/11 terrorist attack
【精析】推理题。题干中的人名 Arne Sorenson 为关键词，依此可迅速把答案
定位到第四段最后一句: This year, without a terrorist attack, the hotel
industry is “putting the same numbers on the board” , 即今年虽然没有
恐怖袭击，酒店业的收益还是跟 911 之后一样惨淡。选项 C)与原文
意思一致，为正确答案。
4．【答案】D) they cannot cope with theruinous costs accumulated over the post-war
years
【精析】细节题。由题干中的 The Big Three American carmakers 定位到原文第
六段，The Big Three American carmakers … accumulated ruinous costs
over the post-war years, …. All three are desperately restructuring. 即美
国三大汽车制造商于战后积累了破坏性的成本，因此需要重组。选项
D)与原文意思一致，为正确答案。accumulate意为“积累”，ruinous
“破坏性的”，restructure“重组”。
5．【答案】C)avoid seeming wasteful
【精析】推理题。由题干中的 Goldman Sachs 定位到第八段最后: Goldman
Sachs, …, cancelled a conference in Las Vegas … and rebooked it in San
Francisco, which cost more but sounded less fun.意思是 Goldman Sachs
银行取消了本来安排在拉斯维加斯的会议，重新安排在旧金山，虽然
要花更多的钱，但是（旧金山比拉斯维加斯）听起来没那么奢侈。C)
项“避免看起来的浪费”与原文表达一致。
6．【答案】A)against toomuchgovernment interference intheeconomy
【精析】推理题。题干虽然没有明显的定位词，由于第五题的答案在第八段得
到，根据题文同序规律，第六题的答案可以在第九、十段找。第九段
最后: America will remain the best place on earth to do business, so long
as Barack Obama … resist the temptation to interfere too much，作者认
为美国依然会是商业天堂，只要奥巴马不要过多干预经济。可见作者
是反对政府过多干预经济的，A)项为正确答案。
7．【答案】D)bynomeans beinexpensive
【精析】细节题。由题干中的 carbon dioxide emissions 定位到原文倒数第四段
首句: Mr. Obama’s plan to curb carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions (排放),
though necessary, will be far from cost-free，be far from 意为“远不是”，
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 15 页cost-free 意为“免费的”，分别与 D)项的 by no means (绝不是) 和
inexpensive (便宜的) 同义替换，主要表达的是该计划是绝对不省钱
的。
8．【答案】Man oftheYear
【精析】细节题。由题干中的人名 Harlow Curtice 定位到原文倒数第二段第二
句: In 1955 Time’s Man of the Year was Harlow Curtice…. His firm was
leading America towards “a new economic order”, 直接找到答案: Man
oftheYear (年度人物)
9．【答案】poormanagement
【精析】细节题。由题干中的chief executive和fired 定位到原文最后一段首句:
Half a century later GM is a typical example of poor management. In
March its chief executive was fired by Time’s current Man of the Year,
Mr Obama.可见被炒的原因是 poor management（管理混乱）。
10.【答案】micromanaging
【精析】细节题。由题干中的end up定位到原文末段倒数第二句: But there is a
danger that Washington will end up micromanaging not only Detroit but
also other parts of the economy. 这里 Washington 指代 the Obama
administration，micromanage 意为“微观管理”。作者担心奥巴马政
府最终会过度干预整个美国经济。
Part III ListeningComprehension (35 minutes)
【听力答案】
【短对话】
11.B 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.A 17.D 18.C
【长对话】
19.B 20.A 21.B 22.C 23.A 24.D 25.A
【篇章听力】
26.D 27.C 28.B 29.D 30.C 31.A 32.B
33.C 34.A 35.D
SectionA
11. 【听力原文】
W:What are you doingin here, sir? Didn’tyou see theprivate sign over there?
M: I’m sorry.Ididn’t notice itwhen Icame in. I’m looking forthemanager’s office.
Q:What dowelearn from theconversation?
【重点词汇】business associate 生意伙伴
12. 【听力原文】
W:Mike, what’stheproblem?You’veknown fora monththereport is duetoday.
M: I know, but I’m afraid I need another few days. The data is harder to interpret than
Iexpected.
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 16 页Q:What does theman mean?
【重点词汇】 interpret 解读,sufficient 足够的
13. 【听力原文】
W:Excuseme,Tony.Has myparcel from NewYorkarrived?
M: Unfortunately,it’s been delayed dueto thebad weather.
Q:What isthewoman waiting for?
【重点词汇】parcel 包裹，postal delivery 邮政快递
14. 【听力原文】
W:Pam said we won’t have thepsychology test until theendofnext week.
M: Ellen,you should knowbetter than to takePam’s words foranything.
Q:What does theman implyabout Pam?
【重点词汇】psychology 心理学 takeone’s words for anything 完全相信某人的
话
15. 【听力原文】
W:Tom, would you please watch my suitcase for a minute? I need to go make a quick
phone call.
M:Yeah, sure.Takeyour time. Our train doesn’t leave foranother 20minutes.
Q:What does theman mean?
【重点词汇】 make a fuss 小题大做
16. 【听力原文】
M: Frankly,Mary is notwhat I’dcall “easy-going”.
W:You see, peoplein ourneighborhood find ithard to believeshe ismy twin sister.
Q:What does thewoman imply?
17. 【听力原文】
M: Howsoon doyou thinkthis can becleaned?
W:Wehave sameday service, sir.You can pickupyour suit after 5o’clock.
Q:Where does theconversation mostprobably takeplace?
。
【重点词汇】 car wash point 洗车店,dry cleaner’s 干洗店
18. 【听力原文】
W:I really enjoy that piece you just played on the piano. I bet you get a lot of requests
forit.
M:Yousaid it. Peoplejustcan’tget enough ofit.
Q:What dowelearn from theconversation?
【重点词汇】 talent 才华 befed upwith 对…厌烦
Long Conversation 1
【听力原文】
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 17 页W: Good afternoon, Mr. Jones. I am Teresa Cheung and I’ll be interviewing you.
Howare you today?
M: I’m fine, thankyou.And you, Ms.Cheung?
W: Good, thanks. Can you tell me something about your experience in this kind
ofwork?
M: Well, for several years I managed a department for the Brownstone Company
in Detroit Michigan. Now I work part-time because I also go to school at night. I’m
gettinga business degree.
W:Oh, howinteresting!Tellme, why doyou want to leave your present job?
M: I’ll finish school in a few months, and I’d like a full time position with more
responsibility.
W:And why would you liketo work for ourcompany?
M: Because Iknowyour company’s work.And Ilikeit.
W:Could you pleasetell meabout your special skills and interests?
M: Of course. I’m good at computers and I can speak Spanish. I used to take
classes in Spanish at thelocal collegeand Iliketravelling a lot.
W:Can you give meanyreferences?
M: Yes, certainly. You can talk to Mr. McCaul, my boss at the Brown Stone
Company.Icould also give you thenames and numbers ofseveral ofmy teachers.
W:Allright, Mr.Jones.And would you liketoask meany questions?
M:Yes.I wonder whenI’llbe informed about my application for thejob.
W: Well, we’ll let you know as soon as possible. Let’s stay in touch. Thank you
very much forcoming this afternoon.
M:Thank you.
19.What does theman say about his working experience?
。
【重点词汇】 retail 零售
20.Whydoes theman want toleave his present job?
【重点词汇】 demanding 要求高的
21.What istheman interested in?
【重点词汇】 无
22.What questiondid theman ask thewoman?
【重点词汇】 application 求职申请
Long Conversation 2
【听力原文】
M: Lisa, Lisa, over here, darling, it’s wonderful to see you! Oh, Lisa, you look
marvelous!
W: Oh, Paul, you look tired. Two months away in the capital? Paul, I think you’ve
been working too hard.
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 18 页M: I’m fine. The city is very hot at this time of the year. It’s good to get back to some
fresh air.Youknow,Lisa, what they say about pregnant women really is true.
W:What’s that, Paul?
M:They saythey lookbeautiful.
W: Well, I had a lot of attention while you’ve been studying hard on your course in
D.C.
M: Oh?
W: Oh, don’t worry. All of them are over 50. Father has told all his business friends
thegood news about thebaby,and thephone hasn’t stopped ringing.
M: Oh, look, darling, there isa taxi!
W: Paul, tell me about this special project you mentioned on the phone. You sounded
very excited about it.
M: You know, I’ve learned a lot from the project. I’m surprised that we are still in
business.
W:That’s because we haveawonderful sales manager—YOU!
M: Thanks. But that’s not the problem at all. Lisa, our little company, and it is little
compared to the giants in the city. Our little company is in danger. We are out of date.
Weneed to expand. If we don’t,we’ll beswallowed upbyoneof thegiants.
23.What dowelearn about Lisa?
【重点词汇】 pregnant 怀孕的
24.What dowelearn about theman from theconversation?
【重点词汇】 giant 巨头
25.What does theman say about his company?
【重点词汇】 market share 市场份额, position 定位, expand 业务拓展
Section B
PassageOne
【听力原文】
Farmington, Utah, is a more pleasant community since a local girls’4-H club
improved Main Street. Six 4-H girls worked to clean a 72 foot curbside that was
covered with weeds, rocks and trash. Each member volunteered to clean up and to dig
and plot five flats of flowers. They also took turns in watering, weeding and
maintaining the plot. Participation in this project helped the girls develop a new
attitude towards their parents of their own homes; they’ve learned how to work with
tools, and improved their work habits. One mother said that before her daughter was
involved in this project, she would not even pull a weed. The experience on Main
Street stimulated self-improvement, and encouraged members to take pride in their
home grounds and the total community. City officials cooperated with the 4-H
members in planting trees, building cooking facilities, picnic tables, swings and public
restrooms. The 4-H girls planted trees and took care of them during the early stages of
growth. The total park project needed more plantings in the following years. Members
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 19 页of the 4-H Club agreed to follow the project through to completion, because they
received satisfaction from the results of constructive work. The project is a growing
one and has spread from the park to the school and the shopping center. Trees and
flowers haveall been planted inthe shoppingcenter,making theatmosphere pleasant.
26.What dowelearn about Main Street in Farmington?
【重点词汇】 disorderly（杂乱的）,curbside（路边）
27.What didthe 4-HClub members doabout thecurbside?
【重点词汇】 volunteer（v. 自愿），plot（v. 把土地分成小块）
28.What havethe4-H girls learned from the project?
【重点词汇】 tool（工具）
29.Whydid the4-H girlsagree to followthepark project through tocompletion?
【重点词汇】 derive（获得）,followthrough（坚持到底）
PassageTwo
【听力原文】
According to a survey on reading conducted in 2001 by the U.S. National
Education Association (NEA), young Americans say reading is important, more
important than computers and science. Over 50% of the twelve to eighteen-year-old
interviewed say they enjoy reading a lot. 79% find it stimulating and interesting. And
87% think it is relaxing. About 68% of those surveyed disagree with the opinion that
reading isboring or old-fashioned.
Over half the teenagers interviewed said they read more than ten books a year.
The results also show that middle school students read more books than
high-schoolers. Over 66% of teens like to read fiction, such as novels and stories.
Over 26% were interested in non-fiction, such as history books. 64% of students listed
“reading stories about people my own age” as their favorite topic. Mysteries and
detective stories came second on the list at 53%. Just under 50% said they were
interested in reading about their own culture and tradition. Of the teenagers who
participated in the survey, 49% said that libraries are where they get most of their
books. However, many complained that their school libraries do not have enough
up-to-date interesting books and magazines. Even though many teenagers in the US
enjoy reading, they still have other interests. When asked which activity would be the
most difficult to give up for a week, 48% said listening to music. TV would be
difficulttogive upfor 25%ofthosesurveyed.
30.What does thesurvey onteenager reading show?
【重点词汇】 stimulating（刺激的）,survey（调查）
31.What booksare most popularamong teenagers according tothesurvey?
。
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 20 页【重点词汇】 fiction（小说）
32.What activity doteenagers find themost difficult togive upfor aweek?
【重点词汇】give up（放弃）
PassageThree
【听力原文】
Thank you for coming, everyone. Today’s presentation will show how we see the
development of the motor car in the short to medium term, and that is why we have
invited all of you here today. Let’s start with power. It’s clear that petrol-driven
engines have no future.Already there are many alternative fuel vehicles on the market,
powered by anything from solar power to natural gas. Some independent thinkers
have even produced cars that run on vegetable oil. But as we all know, of all these
alternative fuel vehicles, the most practical are electric vehicles. Sure, in the past
electric vehicles have their problems, namely, a limited driving range, and very few
recharging points, which limited their use. Now, however, recent developments in
electric vehicle technology mean they can match conventional petrol engines in terms
of performance and safety. Let’s not forget that electric vehicles are cleaner. Plus,
importantly, the power source is rechargeable, so this does not involve using any
valuable resources. Moving on to communications. Very soon, cars will be linked to
GPS satellites, so they’ll do all the driving for you. What controls remain for the users
will be audio-based. So, for example, you’ll just have to say “a bit warmer”, and the
air conditioning will adjust automatically. You’ll also be able to receive email, music
and movies, all via an Internet link. So just tap in the destination you want, sit back,
sleep, watch your movie, whatever.
33.What isthepresentation mainly about?
【重点词汇】 presentation（陈述），medium（中等的）
34.What usedtorestrict theuse ofelectricvehicles?
【
【重点词汇】 restrict（限制）,range（范围，距离）
35.What does thespeakersay about electric vehicles of today?
【重点词汇】 match（比得上，相匹敌），petrol（汽油）
Section C
My favorite TV show? “The Twilight Zone.” I (36) especially like the episode
called “The Printer’s Devil”. It’s about a newspaper editor who’s being (37) driven
out of business by a big newspaper syndicate – you know, a group of papers (38)
ownedbythe samepeople.
He’s about to (39) commit suicide when he is interrupted by an old man who
says his name is Smith. The editor is not only offered 5,000 dollars to pay off his
newspaper’s (40) debts, but this Smith character also offers his (41) services for free.
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 21 页It turns out that the guy (42) operates the printing machine with amazing speed, and
soon he is turning out newspapers with (43) shocking headlines. The small paper is
successful again. The editor is amazed at how quickly Smith gets his stories – only
minutes after they happen – but soon he is presented with a contract to sign. Mr.
Smith, it seems, is really the devil! (44) The editor is frightened by this news, but
he is more frightened by the idea of losing his newspaper, so he agrees to sign. But
soon Smith is reporting the news even before it happens – and it’s all terrible – one
disaster after another. (45) Anyway, there is a little more to tell, but I don’t want to
ruin the story for you. I really like these old episodes of “The Twilight Zone”,
because the stories are fascinating. (46) They are not realistic, but then again, in a
waythey are, becausethey deal withhuman nature.
Part IV ReadingComprehension (Reading inDepth)
Section A
【文章概述】
这是一篇关于盐分摄入量的科普类文章。研究表明，减少摄入盐分，可以
降低心脏病、中风的发病率。
【词性分析】
A)accidents 事故；I) excess 超额量，多余量；J)impact 影响；K)
名 词
instances 例子，情况；
C)avoided 避免；D) caused 引起；F) develop 发展；G) documented
动 词
记录；M)revised 修正，修订；O)undertake 承担，从事
E) considerable 相当大或多的；I) excess 过量的，额外的；L) modest
形容词
谦虚的，适度的；M)revised 经过修订的
B) annually 每年；H) dramatically 戏剧性地，引人注目地；N) slightly
副 词
轻微地
双重词 I) excess n./adj; M)revised v./adj
性
47．【答案】L) modest
【精析】空格位于不定冠词 a 之后，名词decrease 之前，应填入形容词与 a 一
起修饰名词 decrease。原句的意思是“研究表明，即使轻微减少盐
分的摄入量都可以对健康带来很大的好处”，因此选L) modest
48．【答案】G) documented
【精析】空格位于主语 theauthors 后面，应填入一个谓语动词。因前文说的
是研究，此处承接上文，填入G)documented 记录符合文意。
49．【答案】K) instances
【精析】对照前文120,000 cases ofheart disease 此处应填入一个跟 cases 类似
的名词，表示中风的病例，选K)instances。
50．【答案】D)caused
【精析】空格位于by前，应填入一个动词的过去分词表示被动，填入 caused
“引起”后原句意思为：“作者记录了每天减少摄入三克盐后，每
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 22 页年由高血压引起的疾病如心脏疾患，中风和心脏病发作各下降了
120,000；66,000和99,000例”，意思通顺。
51．【答案】F)develop
【精析】空格位于be likely to 后，应加动词原形，从F) develop 和O) undertake
中选择。原文意思为“非洲裔美国人比其他种族的人更容易得高血
压”，因此选择 F) develop。O) undertake 一般指承担、从事某项工
作。
52．【答案】I)excess
【精析】far in excess of远远超过，属固定搭配。此题考到学生不常用的词组，
较难。可先从in 这一介词着手，后面要跟名词。因此从 A) accidents
事故；I) excess 超额量，多余量；J) impact 影响；K) instances 例
子，情况 这四个名词中选。填入 I) 后为“在美国，人们摄入的盐
分含量远远超出了对健康有利的量”，意思通顺。
53．【答案】N)slightly
【精析】原文意思是“我们建议全民减少盐分摄入量，尽管 ，都对健
康有好处。”填入副词N) slightly“轻微地”意思通顺。
54．【答案】J)impact
【精析】空格处位于定冠词the后面，应填入一个名词，且与on形成词组，
综合应填入impact 表示对…的影响。原文意思为“研究者们进行了
一个基于计算机的调查，研究每天减少摄入三克食盐对心脏病发病
率和死亡率的影响。”
55．【答案】C)avoided
【精析】此句中that 引导一个定语从句修饰disease。空格处应填入一个动词
的过去分词与 be 一起形成被动。空格后是 because of lower blood
pressure，前文讲到高血压引起中风和心脏疾病，因此降低后的血压
可以避免疾病，应填入C)avoided。原文意思为“研究者们也计算低
血压避免了一些疾病的发生，这样可以节省多少费用。”cost savings
意为“节省的费用”。可能会有同学误选 E) considerable，以为这样
意思为节省的费用是相当多的，但这句讲研究者们做的工作，他们
在计算节省的费用有多少，而不是得出结论。
56．【答案】B)annually
【精析】此句没有空格也是一个完整的句子，因此应填入副词，可选的有B)
和H)。填入 B)annually 每年后原文意思为“结论：通过全民减少食
盐摄入量，美国可以每年节省一百亿到二百四十亿美金医疗费用。”
给节省的开支一个时间的限定是必须的，因此选B。
Section B
PassageOne
【文章概述】
本文主题为“零能量家庭（ZEH）”社区。文章首段由Gatais 夫妇电费账单的变
化引入ZEH社区的话题。第二至三段介绍ZEH社区的概念，并以PremierGardens
社区为例，介绍其省电效果及方法——使用耗电低的电器及在房顶安装太阳能电
池板。第四至五段介绍“净电量计费”方法对居民及电厂的影响。末段作者指出
虽然ZEH社区房价昂贵，但是长远来看，值得投资。
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 23 页57．【答案】A)They want to see howmuchthey have saved.
【精析】推理题。根据题干关键词人名 Gatais 以及 eager 定位到原文第一段
第3句和第4 句。第3句提到，Gatasis 夫妇现在非常急于查看搬至
ZEH社区后的电费单，第4句则解释了理由，过去十个月，他们三
居室的电费总计为 75 美元，与第一句提及他们以往电费通常超过
200美元形成鲜明对比。因此选项A)他们想查看省了多少电费，符
合原文意思。原文中routinely 意为“通常地；例行公事地”；选项
中utility expenses 意为“公共事业费（如水电、煤气费）”。overcharge
意为“索价过高”其中over-为前缀，意为“太多”。
58．【答案】B)They aim tobeself-sufficient in power supply.
【精析】细节题。根据题干关键词 ZEH communities 定位到原文第二段第 1
句, 意思是ZEH 社区是前沿科技（的应用），未来某一天，该科技
会创造出可以在能量上自给自足的房子。因此得出选项 B)正确，其
中 self-sufficient in power supply 意为电力供应自给自足，与原文
produce as much energy as they consume 同意，consume意为“消耗”，
其名词形式为consumer，意为“消费者”。考生需注意排除干扰项
A），尽管 cutting-edge 与原文leading edge 为同义词，意为“前沿
的，尖端的”，但该选项中动词 create后的表述与原文不符。原文
是创建某种房屋。
59．【答案】D) They pay for the electricity from the grid less their home-generated
power.
【精析】细节题。由题干关键词 residents 和billed定位到原文第四段第 4句，
意为居民通过净电量计费：他们需要支付的电量等于他们利用电网
的电量减去他们为电网提供的电量。选项 D)与该句构成了同义转
述，其中home-generated power对应the kilowatts they feed in to it (此
处they 指居民，it指电网)，generate产生，tap off 流出，less 减(介
词)， feed into 注入，流入。
60．【答案】D)Reduced operational costs.
【精析】细节题。根据题干中的 power company 定位到原文第五段，该段首
句指出，对电力公司来说，那（即净电量计费）听起来像是糟糕的
交易，实则不然。末句进一步说明，该方法使得电力公司不必建造
昂贵的发电厂或者在高峰用电时间高价购电。所以答案为D)，降低
其经营成本。文中plant 指power plant 意为发电厂。
61．【答案】C)is aworthy investmentin thelong run.
【精析】态度题。根据顺序原则及题干中的 buying a house（对应原文中的
purchase ofa house）定位到原文最后一段。该段末句反应了作者的
态度，即对消费者而言，它（即在 ZEH 社区购买房子）意味着现
在付钱买硬件，未来节省电费。据此 C)正确，即长期来看是一项值
得的投资。其中inthelong run 意为“长远看来”。
【难句分析】
a. ZEH communities are the leading edge of technologies that might someday create
houses that produce as much energy as they consume.（第二段第1句）
该 句 为 复 合 句 ， 主 架 为 ZEH communities are the leading edge of
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 24 页technologies。该句嵌入两个 that 引导的限制性定语从句，其中 that might
someday create…修饰 technologies, that produce…修饰 houses。此外该句中的
as…as 用于比较句型，译为“和……一样”，在本文中将 produce energy 和
consumeenergy 的数量进行比较。
b. The residents are billed by“net metering”: they pay for the amount of power they
tap off the grid, less the kilowatts (千瓦) they feed into it. If a home generates
morepower than it uses, thebill iszero. （第四段第4句）
该句为复合句，主架为 The residents are billed… : they pay for the
amount…，其中冒号后面的句子是对前句中 net metering 的进一步解释。此外
后面一句中 they tap offthegrid 为省略 that 的限制性定语从句，修饰 power；
介词短语less the kilowatts…在该句中作状语，并且又嵌入一个省略 that 的限
制性定语从句they feed intoit,修饰kilowatts。
PassageTwo
【文章概述】
本文是关于爱情、社会规约与婚姻的一篇文章。历史上，很多社会把包办
婚姻看作两个家庭之间的协定，婚姻不只是个人之间的事情；有些社会文化上禁
止离婚，这种文化促进了长久的婚姻。在现代西方社会，人们强调个性和独立，
少了社会的压力，长久的婚姻越来越依靠浪漫的爱情。不同文化的人对爱情的期
待也有所不同，如日本人把忠诚摆在首位，而美国人除了要求忠诚，还期待另一
半有幽默感。
62．【答案】A)They vary from cultureto culture.
【精析】从 people’s views ofan ideal romantic relationship 回溯至文章第一段
第一句话，浪漫的爱情有很清晰的进化根基，但我们对构成完美关
系的元素的看法受到社会的影响。sway 意为影响。因此选 A，关于
什么造就了完美的两性关系，在各个文化中的人们是有不同观点
的。
63．【答案】B)can contributeto stablemarriages
【精析】从 strong family and community ties 定位至第二段第 2 句。In those
where ties to family and community are strong, lifelong marriages can
be promoted by practices…。promote“促进”与 contribute to 同义，
lifelong marriages 和B 选项的stablemarriages 也一致。因此选B。
64．【答案】B)plays akey roleinmaintaininglong-term relationships
【精析】从 Without social pressures 回溯至文章第二段倒数第二句 In the
absence of societal pressures to maintain pair-bonds, O’Sullivan
suggests that romantic love has increasingly come to be seen as the
factor that should determine who we stay with and for how long.
O’Sullivan 说，在没有社会压力来维持两性关系时，浪漫的爱情越
来越被看成决定我们跟谁在一起，在一起多久的因素。因此选B。
65．【答案】A)they expect different things from theirpartner
【精析】从题干 when people from different cultures fall in love 定位至第三段
第一句 culture also shapes the sorts of feelings we expect to have。虽
然浪漫爱情中的负面情感如害怕失去、失望、嫉妒等在不同文化中
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 25 页是一致的，但正面情感可能有所不同。如日本人把忠诚摆在首位，
而美国人除了要求忠诚，还期待另一半有幽默感。因此来自不同文
化的人相爱，期待的东西不一样。
66． 【答 案 】 C) romantic love is becoming increasingly important in family
relationships
【精析】全文主要比较了家庭和社会的规约跟浪漫的爱情在维持两性关系上
的作用。从第三段后半部分知道，在当代西方社会，人们强调个性和
独立，更少在意家庭和社会的规约了，浪漫的爱情能维持两性关系的
长久。此外文章最后一句也再次强调了 true romance 在 keep couples
together 上的作用比来自于社会和家庭的压力更大。因此选 C。A 选
项不符文意，B，D均过于片面。
【难句分析】
c. In those where ties to family and community are strong, lifelong marriages can be
promoted by practices such as the cultural prohibition of divorce and arranged
marriages that are seen as a contract between tow families, not just two individuals.
(第二段第2句)
lifelong 终生的, promote 促进, prohibition 禁止, arranged marriages 包办婚
姻。主干是 marriages can be promoted by practices。Where 引导一个定语从句，
修饰those 指代的many societies。suchas…and…具体举例说明 practices。“that
are seen…”为定语从句修饰“arranged marriages”整句的意思为“在那些家庭
关系和社区联系很紧密的社会中，习俗和惯例促成了长久的婚姻。例如文化上
对离婚的禁止和包办婚姻。其中后者被看作两个家庭间的协议而不只是两个人
之间的事情。”
PartV Cloze (15 minutes)
【文章概述】
本文主要介绍的是进化论的创立和演绎。文章第一段介绍的是托马斯·马尔
萨斯的《人口原理》，接着作者在第二段提到达尔文将托马斯·马尔萨斯的理论
应用到自己的研究中，最终提出了物种进化论，最后一段讲到一些社会学家受达
尔文的进化论的启发而创立了社会达尔文主义。
67．【答案】C)theory
【精析】名词辨析题。此句的意思为“该本书介绍了托马斯·马尔萨斯的
______”，显然 theory“理论、原理”符合句意。空格后带的是同
位语从句，表示的是这个理论的内容。scheme“阴谋、计划、方案”；
reference“参考、参照”； illusion“错觉、幻觉”。
68．【答案】A)between
【精析】固定搭配题。根据后面的“and”，考虑到固定搭配“difference
between … and …”。该句的意思为“人口数量与基本满足生活资
料需求的能力的差异……”。
69．【答案】B)basic
【精析】形容词辨析题。该处的意思为“人口数量与满足______生活资料需
求的能力的不协调”，basic“基本的”符合题意。initial “开始的、
最初的”；original“原始的、最初的”；low“低的”。
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 26 页70．【答案】A)existence
【精析】名词辨析题。该处的意思为“人口数量与满足每个人基本生活资料
需求的能力的不协调自然地会导致为了______的斗争”，existence
“生存”符合句意。attendance“出席”；presence“存在、到场”；
appearance“出现、外貌”。
71．【答案】D)expense
【精析】固定搭配题。at theexpenseof“以…作为代价；以牺牲……为前提”，
此处意为“在这个斗争中一部分人的富裕是以牺牲其他人的生活资
料为前提的”。
72．【答案】B)to
【精析】固定搭配题。contribution to…“对……的贡献”。
73．【答案】D)apply
【精析】动词辨析题。该处所需的动词必须能与句子的介词to搭配，同时根
据上下文可知该处意为“达尔文对生物学最重要的贡献是将托马
斯·马尔萨斯的人口理论应用到自己的研究中”，apply to“适用于、
运用于”符合句意。
74．【答案】A)analysis
【精析】名词辨析题。该处的意思为“他自己对生物进化过程的______”，
analysis“分析、研究”符合句意。
75．【答案】C)gradually
【精析】副词辨析题。该处的意思为“进化是指不同的生物物种由共同的祖
先______发展而来”，gradually“逐渐地”符合句意。permanently
“永久地”；occasionally“偶尔地；时不时地”；constantly“不断
地、经常地”。
76．【答案】D)proposed
【精析】动词辨析题。该处的意思为“综合这些方面达尔文______ 生存斗争
和适者生存是进化论的核心机制”，proposed“提出、提议”符合句
意。promise“允诺、发誓”；project“计划、预计”；process“加
工、处理”。
77．【答案】B)on
【精析】固定搭配题。这里要表达的是进化论建立在适者生存这个核心机制
上，bebased on 是固定搭配。
78．【答案】C)that
【精析】句子结构题。这里 that 引导一个同位语从句，进一步说明和解释前
面的possibility。
79．【答案】B)absolutely
【精析】副词辨析题。abruptly“突然地、意外地”；absolutely“绝对地、毫
无疑问地”；abnormally“不正常地”；abstractly“抽象地、理论上
地”。结合句意和上文的possibility 选择B)，表示强调。
80．【答案】D)influenced
【精析】动词词义辨析题。charge 作为及物动词，“装载、控诉、使充电、
索价”；rouse“叫醒、鼓励”；promote“促进、提升”；influence
“影响、势力”。结合句意，这里指社会思想家被影响，故选D。
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 27 页81．【答案】C)as
【精析】固定搭配题。…（be）referred toas…，意为“……被称为……”。
82．【答案】A)leading
【精析】词义辨析题。leading“重要的、首位的”；heading 作名词，“标题、
题名”；作现在分词，“用头顶”；directing 现在分词，“导演、
指导”；conducting，“引导、带领、控制”。这里需要一个形容词，
意为英国社会理论学家的领军人物。
83．【答案】C)process
【精析】名词辨析题。path“路线、途径”；route“路、途径”；process“过
程、工序”。这里意为适者生存和冲突自然过程。channel“渠道”。
84．【答案】A)while
【精析】逻辑分析题。这里是对前面情况的补充，意为与…同时，别的学者
也在应用这个理论。
85．【答案】D)competition
【精析】名词辨析题。rival“对手、竞争者”；race“种族、比赛”；compensation
“补偿、修正”；competition“竞争、生存竞争”。这里指生存竞争，
故选D。
86．【答案】B)advances
【精析】名词辨析题。本句的意思为“个体的生存竞争能够在总体上促进人
类生活质量的进步”，因此选 advances“增长、前进”。opportunities
“机会、机遇”；adventures“冒险活动、奇遇”；oppositions“反
对、敌对”。
PartVI Translation
87.as ifhe hadbeen there many times
【句意】他对法国很了解，似乎他多次去过那个国家。
【精析】本题考查了as if 引导的虚拟语气从句用法。“似乎……”用as if+ that
从句来表达；“去过……”用have been to…。从句表示与过去事实相
反，谓语动词用 had+过去分词。故用 had been to…。用 there 指代前
面提到过的France，避免重复。
88.recalling/thinking ofthosememorable/unforgettable days
【句意】看到那些照片，这个学生不由回忆起那些难忘的日子。
【精析】本题考查了can’t help + doing 这一固定搭配，表示情不自禁做某事。“回
忆起”可用recall或thinkof；“难忘的”可用memorable或unforgettable。
89.didthey succeed in solvingthe problem
【句意】只有在经过了数百次实验后，他们才成功地解决了这个问题。
【精析】本题考查了部分倒装的用法。当Only +状语位于句首时，句子需用部分
倒装，即使用一般疑问句的语序。由于前半句用了过去完成时，为了
保持时态一致，空白处部分需借助助动词 did。“成功做某事”用succeed
indoing…表达。
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 28 页90.always inferior to imported goods
【句意】有些人错误地以为我们国内产品总是次于进口商品。
【精析】 本题考查了“次于”的表达。“次于”可用be inferior to 来表示。“进
口商品”可用imported goods 表达。
91.is helpful foryou to/ can helpyou concentrate timeand energy on
【句意】有时候，放弃有助于你把时间和精力集中于少数真正重要的事情上。
【精析】本题考查了“有助于……”的句型和“集中精力做某事”的固定搭配。
“有助于……”可用help…do…或be helpful for…to do…来表达；“集
中精力做某事”用concentrate…on…表达。
2013年 6月四级真题答案速查
1.B) 2.A) 3.C) 4.D) 5.C) 6.A) 7.D)
8.Manofthe Year 9.poormanagement 10.micromanaging
11.B 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.A 17.D 18.C
19.B 20.A 21.B 22.C 23.A 24.D 25.A
26.D) 27.C) 28.B) 29.D) 30.C)
31.A) 32.B) 33.C) 34.A) 35.D) 36.especially 37.driven 38.owned
39.commit 40.debts 41.services 42.operates 43.shocking
44. The editor is frightened by this news, but he is more frightened by the idea of losing
his newspaper
45.Anyway,thereis alittle moreto tell, but Idon’twant toruin thestory for you.
46. They are not realistic, but then again, in a way they are, because they deal with
human nature.
47.L) 48.G) 49.K) 50.D) 51.F) 52.I) 53.N) 54.J) 55.C) 56.B)
57.A）58.B）59.D）60.D）61.C）62.A）63.B）64.B）65.A）66.C）
67. C) 68.A) 69. B) 70.A) 71. D) 72. B) 73. D) 74.A) 75. C) 76.
D)
77. B) 78. C) 79. B) 80. D) 81. C) 82.A) 83. C) 84.A) 85. D) 86.
B)
87.as ifhe hadbeen there many times
88.recalling/thinking ofthosememorable/unforgettable days
89.didthey succeed in solvingthe problem
90.always inferior to imported goods
91.is helpful foryou to/ can helpyou concentrate timeand energy on
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 29 页
