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TESTFOR ENGLISHMAJORS(2014) -GRADE EIGHT- TIMELIMIT:115MIN PARTⅠ LISTENINGCOMPREHENSION（25MIN） SECTIONA MINI-LECTURE Inthis sectionyouwill hearamini-lecture.Youwillhear themini-lecture ONCEONLY.Whilelisteningto the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is(are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable.Youmayusetheblanksheetfornote-taking. YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthegap-fillingtask. Nowlistentothemini-lecture.Whenitisover,youwillbegivenTHREEminutestocheckyourwork. SECTIONB INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY.After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choicesof[A],[B],[C],and[D],andmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO. YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthequestions. Now,listentoPartOneoftheinterview. 1.[A]Iran. [B]Syria. [C]Indonesia. [D]America. 2.[A]TolookafterrefugeesinIraq. [B]Todrawattentiontotherefugeecrisis. [C]ToworkforU.N.H.C.R. [D]Toworkoutaplanforrefugees. 3.[A]Shewasstronglyopposedtoofficials’opinions. [B]Shethoughtyoungkidsshouldbegivenpriority. [C]Sheproposedthatpoliciesbemadepromptly. [D]Shewasmuchworriedaboutthelackofaction. 4.[A]Instabilityandaggression. [B]Economiccrisis. [C]Famine. [D]Death. 5.[A]Totakepromptandeffectiveactions. [B]Tosupervisetheconstructionofschools. [C]Toprovidewaterandpowersupply. [D]Topreventinstabilityandaggression. Now,listentoPartTwooftheinterview. 6.[A]ThecurrentsituationinIraq. [B]ThepoliticsintheMiddleEast. [C]Refugeesreturningtonormallife. [D]Internationalanddomesticefforts. 7.[A]HowtheproblemissettledwillaffecttheentireMiddleEast. [B]Refugeeswanttobesettledandreturntotheirhomes. [C]It’sthegovernment’sgoaltosolvetheproblem. [D]Shespeculatesthatrefugeeproblemwillcauseseriousproblem. 8.[A]Becauseshewantedtogetanswersabouttheinternallydisplacedresult. [B]Becauseshewantedtogettheideasabouthowtohelprefugees. [C]Becauseshewantedtowriteapaperaboutrefugees. [D]Becauseshewantedtotellthegovernmentherideasabouthelpingrefugees. 9.[A]Becauseshecouldhelpothersknowwheretheproblemswere. [B]BecauseshecouldhelpbringNGOsbacktotheregion. [C]Becauseshecouldtalktodifferentpeoplethere. [D]Becauseshecouldreadtheofficialpapers.10.[A]Setgoalsforthegovernment. [B]Telltheofficialshowtheyshoulddo. [C]Asktheofficialshowtheyaregoingtodo. [D]Askthegovernmenttoreachtheirgoal. PART Ⅱ READING COMPREHENSION（45MIN） SECTIONA MULTIPLE-CHOICEQUESTIONS Inthis section there areseveralpassages followed byfourteen multiple choice questions. For eachmultiple choicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosethe onethatyouthinkis thebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO. PASSAGEONE MyclassatHarvardBusinessSchoolhelpsstudentsunderstandwhatgoodmanagementtheoryisandhowitis built. In each session, we look at one company through the lenses of different theories, using them to explain how thecompanygotintoits situationandtoexaminewhatactionwillyieldtheneededresults.Onthelastdayofclass, Iaskedmyclasstoturnthosetheoreticallensesonthemselvestofindanswerstotwoquestions:First,HowcanIbe sure I’ ll be happy in my career? Second, How can I be sure my relationships with my spouse and my family will become an enduring source of happiness? Here are some management tools that can be used to help you lead a purposefullife. 1 USE YOUR RESOURCES WISELY. Your decisions about allocating your personal time, energy, and talentshapeyourlife’sstrategy.Ihaveabunchof“businesses” thatcompetefortheseresources:I’mtryingtohave a rewarding relationship with my wife, raise great kids, contribute to my community, succeed in my career, and contribute to my church.And I have exactly the same problem that a corporation does. I have a limited amount of time,energyandtalent.HowmuchdoIdevotetoeachofthesepursuits? Allocation choices can make your life turn out to be very different from what you intended. Sometimes that’s good: Opportunities that you never planned for emerge. But if you don’t invest your resources wisely,the outcome can be bad. As I think about people who inadvertently invested in lives of hollow unhappiness, I can’ t help believingthattheirtroublesrelatedrightbacktoashort-termperspective. When people with a high need for achievement have an extra half hour of time or an extra ounce of energy, they’llunconsciouslyallocateittoactivities thatyieldthemosttangibleaccomplishments. Our careersprovidethe most concrete evidence that we’re moving forward.You ship a product, finish a design, complete a presentation, close a sale, teach a class, publish a paper, get paid, get promoted. In contrast, investing time and energy in your relationshipswithyour spouseandchildrentypicallydoesn’tofferthatsame immediatesenseofachievement.Kids misbehave every day. It’s really not until 20 years down the road that you can say, “I raised a good son or a good daughter.” You can neglect your relationship with your spouse and on a daily basis it doesn’t seem as if thing are deteriorating. People who are driven to excel have this unconscious propensity to underinvest in their families and overinvest in their careers, even though intimate and loving family relationships are the most powerful and enduringsourceofhappiness. If you study the root causes of business disasters, over and over you’ll find this predisposition toward endeavors that offer immediate gratification. If you look at personal lives through that lens, you’ll see that same stunningandsoberingpattern:people allocatingfewer andfewer resourcestothe things theywouldhave oncesaid matteredmost. 2 CREATE A FAMILY CULTURE. It’s one thing to see into the foggy future with a acuity and chart the course corrections a company must make. But it’s quite another to persuade employees to line up and work cooperativelytotakethecompanyinthatnewdirection. When there is little agreement, you have to use “power tools”—coercion, threats, punishments and so on, to secure cooperation. But if employee’s ways of working together succeed over and over, consensus begins to form. Ultimately, people don’t even think about whether their way yields success. They embrace priorities and followprocedures by instinct and assumption rather than by explicit decision, which means that they’ve created a culture. Culture, in compelling butunspoken ways, dictates the proven, acceptable methods by which member s of a group address recurrent problems. And culture defines the priority given to different types of problems. It can be a powerfulmanagementtool. I use this model to address the question, How can I be my family becomes an enduring source of happiness? My students quickly see that the simplest way parents can elicit cooperation from children is to wield power tools. Buttherecomes apointduringtheteenyears whenpowertoolsnolonger work.Atthatpoint,parentsstartwishing they had begun working with their children at a very young age to build a culture in which children instinctively behaverespectfullytowardoneanother,obeytheirparents,andchoosetherightthingtodo.Familieshavecultures, justacompaniesdo.Thoseculturescanbebuiltconsciously. If you want your kids to have strong self-esteem and the confidence that they can solve hard problems, those qualitieswon’tmagicallymaterializeinhighschool.Youhavetodesignthemintofamily’sculture,andyouhaveto think about this very early on. Like employees, children build self-esteem by doing things that are hard and learningwhatworks. 11.Accordingtotheauthor,thekeytosuccessfulallocationofresourcesinyourlifedependsonwhetheryou____. [A]havelong-termplanning [B]canmanageyourtimewell [C]areluckyenoughtohavenewopportunities [D]cansolvebothcompanyandfamilyproblems 12. What is the role of the statement “Our careers provide the most concrete evidence that we’re moving forward” withreferencetothepreviousstatementintheparagraph? [A]Topresentacontrast [B]Toprovideadefinition [C]Toofferfurtherexplanation [D]Toillustratecareerdevelopment 13.Accordingtotheauthor,acommoncauseoffailureinbusinessandfamilyrelationshipsis________. [A]lackofplanning [B]short-sightedness [C]shortageofresources [D]decisionbyinstinct 14.Oneofthesimilaritiesbetweencompanycultureandfamilycultureisthat________. [A]cultureneedstobenurtured [B]cooperationisthefoundation [C]respectandobediencearekeyelements [D]problem-solvingabilityisessential PASSAGETWO Itwasnearlybedtimeandwhentheyawokenextmorninglandwouldbeinsight.Dr.Macphaillithispipeand, leaningovertherail,searchedtheheavensfortheSouthernCross.Aftertwoyearsatthefrontandawoundthathad takenlonger tohealthanitshould,hewasgladtosettledownquietlyatApia(阿皮亚，西萨摩亚首都)fortwelve months at least, and he felt already better for the journey. Since some of the passengers were leaving the ship next day at Pago-Pago they had had a little dance that evening and in his ears hammered still the harsh notes of the mechanical piano. But the deck was quiet at last.A little way off he saw his wife in a long chair talking with the Davidsons,andhestrolled overtoher.Whenhesatdownunderthelightandtookhis hatyousaw thathehadvery red hair, with a bald patch on the crown, and the red, freckled skin which accompanies red hair; he was a man of forty, thin, with a pinched face, precise and rather pedantic; and he spoke with a Scots accent in a very low, quiet voice. Between the Macphails and the Davidsons, who were missionaries, there had arisen the intimacy of shipboard,whichisduetoproximityratherthantoanycommunityoftaste.Theirchieftiewasthedisapprovalthey sharedof themenwhospenttheir days andnights in thesmoking-roomplaying pokerorbridge anddrinking. Mrs. Macphail was not a little flattered to think that she and her husband were the only people on board with whom the Davidsons were willing to associate, and even the doctor, shy but no fool, half unconsciously acknowledged the compliment. It was only because he was ofan argumentative mind that in their cabin atnight he permitted himself tocarp(唠叨).‘Mrs. Davidsonwas saying she didn’t know how they’d have got through the journey if ithadn’t beenfor us,’ said Mrs. Macphail, as she neatly brushed outher transformation (假发). ‘She said we were really the only people ontheshiptheycaredtoknow.’ ‘Ishouldn’thavethoughtamissionarywassuchabigbug(要人、名士)thathecouldaffordtoputonfrills(摆 架子).’ ‘It’snotfrills.Iquiteunderstandwhatshemeans.Itwouldn’thavebeenverynicefortheDavidsonstohaveto mixwithallthatroughlotinthesmoking-room.’ ‘ Thefounderoftheirreligionwasn’tsoexclusive,’ saidDr.Macphailwithachuckle. ‘ I’veasked youoverandoveragain nottojoke aboutreligion,’ answeredhiswife. ‘ I shouldn’tliketohavea naturelikeyours,Alec.Youneverlookforthebestinpeople.’ He gave her a sidelong glance with his pale, blue eyes, but did not reply.After many years of married life he had learned that it was more conducive to peace to leave his wife with the last word. He was undressed before she was,andclimbingintotheupperbunkhesettleddowntoreadhimselftosleep. When he came on deck next morning they were close to land. He looked at it with greedy eyes. There was a thinstripofsilverbeachrisingquicklytohillscoveredtothetopwithluxuriantvegetation.Thecoconuttrees,thick andgreen,camenearlytothewater’sedge,andamongthemyousawthegrasshousesoftheSamoans(萨摩亚人); and here and there, gleaming white, a little church. Mrs. Davidson came and stood beside him. She was dressed in blackandworeroundher necka gold chain,from whichdangled across.She wasa littlewoman, with brown,dull hair very elaborately arranged, and she had prominent blue eyes behind invisible pince-nez (夹鼻眼镜). Her face was long, like a sheep’s, but she gave no impression of foolishness, rather of extreme alertness; she had the quick movements ofa bird. The most remarkable thing about her was her voice, high, metallic, and without inflection; it fellontheearwithahardmonotony,irritatingtothenerveslikethepitilessclamourofthepneumaticdrill. ‘ Thismustseemlikehometoyou,’ saidDr.Macphail,withhisthin,difficultsmile. ‘ Ours are low islands, you know, not like these. Coral. These are volcanic. We’ve got another ten days’ journeytoreachthem.’ ‘ Inthesepartsthat’salmostlikebeinginthenextstreetathome,’ saidDr.Macphailfacetiously. ‘ Well, that’s rather an exaggerated way of putting it, but one does look at distances differently in the J South Seas.Sofaryouareright.’ Dr.Macphailsighedfaintly. 15.ItcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthatDr.Macphail________. [A]enjoyedthesoundofthemechanicalpiano [B]preferredquietnesstonoise [C]wasgoingbacktohishometown [D]wantedtobefriendtheDavidsons 16.WhichofthefollowingstatementsBESTdescribesMrs.Macphail? [A]Shewasgoodatmakingfriends. [B]Shewaspronetoquarrellingwithherhusband. [C]Shewasskillfulindealingwithstrangers. [D]Shewaseasytogetalongwith. 17.AllthefollowingadjectivescanbeusedtodepictMrs.DavidsonEXCEPT________. [A]irritable [B]unapproachable [C]unpleasant [D]arrogant 18.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutDr.MacphailisINCORRECT? [A]HemadefunoftheDavidsons. [B]Hewasafraidofhiswife. [C]Hewasintelligent. [D]Hewassociable. PASSAGETHREE Todaywemake roomforaremarkably narrow rangeof personalitystyles.We’retold thattobegreat is tobe bold,tobehappyistobesociable.Weseeourselvesasanationofextroverts—whichmeansthatwe’velostsightof who we really are. One-third to one-half ofAmericans are introverts—in the other words, one out of every two orthreepeopleyou know.If you’re notanintrovert yourself,you aresurely raising, managing, married to,or coupled withone. If these statistics surprise you, that’s probably because so many people pretend to be extroverts. Closet introverts pass undetected on playgrounds, in high school locker rooms, and in the corridors of corporateAmerica. Some fool even themselves, until some life event—a layoff, an empty nest, an inheritance that frees them to spend time as they like—jolts them into taking stock of their true natures. You have only to raise this subject with your friendsandacquaintancestofindthatthemostunlikelypeopleconsiderthemselvesintroverts. It makes sense that so many introverts hide even from themselves. We live with a value system that I call the Extrovert Ideal—the omnipresent belief that the ideal self is gregarious, alpha comfortable in the spotlight. The archetypal extrovert prefers action to contemplation, risk-taking to heed-taking, certainty to doubt. He favors quick decisions, even at the risk of being wrong. She works well in teams and socializes in groups. We like to think that we value individuality, but all too often we admire one type of individual——the kind who’s comfortable “putting himself out there.” Sure, we allow technologically gifted loners who launch companies in garages to have any personalitytheyplease,buttheyaretheexceptions,nottherule, andourtoleranceextends mainlytothosewhoget fabulouslywealthyorholdthepromiseofdoingso. Introversion—along with its cousins sensitivity, seriousness, and shyness—is now a second-class personality trait, somewhere between a disappointment and a pathology. Introverts living under the Extrovert Ideal are like women in a man’s world, discounted because of a trait that goes to the core of who they are. Extroversion is an enormouslyappealingpersonalitystyle,butwe’veturneditintoanoppressivestandardtowhichmostofusfeelwe mustconform. The Extrovert Idealhas beendocumented inmany studies,though this research hasnever beengrouped under a single name. Talkative people, for example, are rated as smarter, better-looking, more interesting, and more desirable as friends. Velocity of speech counts as well as volume: we rank fast talkers as more competent and likable thanslow ones.Even theword introvert is stigmatized—oneinformal study,by psychologistLaurie Helgoe, foundthatintrovertsdescribedtheirownphysicalappearanceinvividlanguage,butwhenaskedtodescribegeneric introvertstheydrewablandanddistastefulpicture. But we make a grave mistake to embrace the Extrovert Ideal so unthinkingly. Some of our greatest ideas, art, andinventions—from the theory of evolution to van Gogh’s sunflowers to the personalcomputer—came from quiet andcerebralpeoplewhoknewhowtotuneintotheirinnerworldsandthetreasurestobefoundthere. 19.TheidealextrovertisdescribedasbeingallthefollowingEXCEPT________. [A]doubtful [B]sociable [C]determined [D]bold 20.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsBESTreflectstheauthor’sopinion? [A]Extroversionisarbitraryforcedbysocietyasanormuponpeople. [B]Introversionisseenasaninferiortraitbecauseofitsassociationwithsensitivity. [C]Introvertsaregenerallyregardedaseitherunsuccessfulorasdeficient. [D]Extroversionandintroversionhavesimilarpersonalitytraitprofiles. 21.Theauthorwindsupthepassagewitha____note. [A]cautious [B]positive [C]humorous [D]warning PASSAGEFOUR Speakingtwolanguagesratherthanjustonehasobviouspracticalbenefitsinanincreasinglyglobalizedworld. But in recent years, scientists have begun to show that the advantages of bilingualism are even more fundamental than being able to converse with a wider range of people. Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you smarter. It can have a profound effecton your brain, improving cognitive skills notrelated to language andeven shielding against dementia（痴呆）inoldage. This view of bilingualism is remarkably differentfrom the understanding of bilingualism through much ofthe20th century. Researchers, educators and policy makers long considered a second language to be an interference, cognitivelyspeaking,thathinderedachild’sacademicandintellectualdevelopment. Theywere notwrongabouttheinterference:thereisample evidencethatinabilingual’sbrainbothlanguage systems areactive even when heis using onlyonelanguage, thuscreating situations in which onesystem obstructs the other. But this interference, researchers are finding out, isn’t so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise. It forcesthebraintoresolveinternalconflict,givingthemindaworkoutthatstrengthensitscognitivemuscles. The collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brain’s so-called executive function—a command system that directs the attention processes that we use for planning, solving problems and performing various other mentally demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to another and holding informationinmind—likerememberingasequenceofdirectionswhiledriving. Whydoesthetussle betweentwosimultaneously active language systems improvethese aspects ofcognition? Until recently, researchers thought the bilingual advantage stemmed primarily from an ability for inhibition that was honed by the exercise of suppressing one language system: this suppression, it was thought, would help train the bilingual mind to ignore distractions in other contexts. But that explanation increasingly appears to be inadequate, since studies have shown that bilinguals perform better than monolinguals even at tasks that do not requireinhibition,likethreadingalinethroughanascendingseriesofnumbersscatteredrandomlyonapage. The key difference between bilinguals and monolinguals may be more basic: a heightened ability to monitor the environment. “Bilinguals have to switch languages quite often—you may talk to your father in one language and to your mother in another language,” says Albert Costa, a researcher at the University of Pompea Fabra in Spain. “It requires keeping track of changes around you in the same way that we monitor our surroundings when driving.” InastudycomparingGerman-ItalianbilingualswithItalianmonolingualsincompletingmonitoringtasks, Mr. Costa and his colleagues found that the bilingual subjects not only performed better, but they also did so with lessactivityinpartsofthebraininvolvedinmonitoring,indicatingthattheywereefficientatit. The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from infancy to old age, and there is reason to believe thatitmayalsoapplytothosewholearnasecondlanguagelaterinlife. 22.According to thepassage, themore recent and oldviews of bilingualism differ mainly in______. [A]itspractical advantages [B]perceived languagefluency [C]itsrole incognition [D]itsroleinmedicine 23.WhatistheroleofParagraphFourinrelationtoParagraphThree? [A]ItprovidescounterevidencetoParagraphThree. [B]Itoffersanotherexampleoftheroleofinterference. [C]Itservesasatransitionalparagraphinthepassage. [D]ItfurtherillustratesthepointinParagraphThree. 24.Whichofthefollowingcanaccountforbetterperformanceofbilingualsindoingnon-inhibitiontasks? [A]Anabilitytoignoredistractions. [B]Anabilitytomonitorsurroundings. [C]Anabilitytoperformwithlesseffort. [D]Anabilitytoexercisesuppression. SECTIONB SHORT-ANSWERQUESTIONS In this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each questioninNOmorethan10wordsinthespaceprovidedonANSWERSHEETTWO. PASSAGEONE 25.Accordingtotheauthor,whendoesculturebegintoemerge? PASSAGETWO 26.WhywasthereintimacyofshipboardbetweentheMacphailsandtheDavidsons?PASSAGETHREE 27.Asfaraspersonalitystylesareconcerned,whatisthediscrepancyaccordingtotheauthor? 28.Accordingtotheauthor,whoisallowedbyoursocietytohavewhateverpersonalitytheylike? 29.WhyisitamistakethatweembracetheExtrovertIdealunthinkingly? PASSAGEFOUR 30.Whyistheinterferencenowseenasablessingindisguise? 31.Whatisthebrain’sexecutivefunction? 32.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage? PART Ⅲ LANGUAGE USAGE（15MIN） The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassageandcorrectitinthefollowingway: Forawrongword， underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheblank providedattheendoftheline． Foramissingword, markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha“∧”signandwritethe wordyoubelievetobemissingintheblankprovidedattheendof theline． Foranunnecessaryword， crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslash“／”andputthewordinthe blankprovidedattheendoftheline． EXAMPLE When∧ artmuseumwantsanewexhibit， (1)_____an_____ itneverbuysthingsinfinishedformandhangs (2)___n_e_v_e_r___ themonthewall．Whenanaturalhistorymuseum wantsanexhibition,itmustoftenbuildit． (3)___e_x_h_ib_i_t__ ProofreadthegivenpassageonANSWERSHEETTHREEasinstructed. PART Ⅳ TRANSLATION（25MIN） Translate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEETTHREE. 当我在小学毕了业的时候，亲友一致的愿意我去学手艺，好帮助母亲。我晓得我应当去找饭吃，以减 轻母亲的勤劳困苦。 可是，我也愿意升学。我偷偷地考入了师范学校——制服，饭食，书籍，宿处，都由 学校供给。只有这样，我才敢对母亲提升学的话。入学，要交十元的保证金。这是一笔巨款！母亲作了半 个月的难，把这巨款筹到，而后含泪把我送出门去。她不辞劳苦，只要儿子有出息。当我由师范毕业，而 被派为小学校长，母亲与我都一夜不曾合眼。我只说了句：“以后，您可以歇一歇了！”她的回答只有一串串 的眼泪。 PART Ⅴ WRITING（45MIN） Homeschoolingis reportedlyontherisetodayinChina,asparentsarebecomingincreasinglyconcernedabout the teaching style and the quality of public education. According to China Youth Daily, a growing number of parents in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong and Zhejiang provinces are choosing to homeschool their children. With the continued growth of the number of homeschooling children in China, education will never be the same for parents and teachers. The following are opinions from both sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your responseinabout300words,inwhichyoushould: 1.summarizebrieflytheopinionsfrombothsides; 2.giveyourcomment.Markswillbeawardedforcontentrelevance,contentsufficiency,organizationandlanguagequality. Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks. Parents Homeschooling in China is in an emerging stage, with about 18,000 children across the country receiving education at home, according to a report released by the 21 st Century Education Research Institute on Saturday, the Beijing Morning Post reported. Out of the homeschooling kids, 60.42 percent are aged between 4 and 10, and the majority are boys. Most of them have previously attended conventionalschools, though 37.99percenthadonly ever been homeschooled. First grade or kindergarten was the most common time for parents to pull kids from school. The report showed five main reasons for homeschooling, with the majority of cases, 54.19 percent thinking parents disagreed with educational ideas in the regular school system, 9.5 percent believing the system was too slow,7.26percentfeeling that children lacked respectatschool, 6.07 percentsaying their kids were tired of school life,and5.59percentcitingreligiousconviction. “Homeschooling is individualized education to satisfy different demands,”said Xiong Bingqi, deputy director ofthe21stCenturyEducationResearchInstitute. Zhang Qiaofeng, who is a Peking University graduate, has quitted his job to educate his own 8-year-old boy andotheryoungsters,toldtheGlobalTimesthathewithdrewhissonfromprimaryschoolafteramonth. “There were two reasons for me to educate him myself: school education does not fit my son very much, but more importantly,I think I’m more suitable to teach my son.I’m sure that after two years’homeschooling, my son willbeexcellentatalotoftopics,”Zhangsaid. Mosthomeschoolingparents,at75.42percent,haveacollege educationorbetter,and63.13percentofparents are professionals or freelancers. Average household incomes were under 10,000 yuan ($ 1,634) a month. “Homeschooling needs parents with a good education background, and a good economic situation is also critical, becauseatleastoneparentmightbeafull-timeeducator,”Xiongsaid. In nearly 46 percent of cases, mothers were the primary educators, with fathers only taking on the responsibility for a quarter of cases, and another quarter of families sharing the work between them. Less than 2 percentoffamilieshiredtutors. Research has shown that homeschooled children often excel in many areas of academic endeavor.According to a study done on the homeschool movement, homeschoolers often achieve academic success and admission into elite universities. Gallup polls ofAmerican voters have shown a significant change in attitude in the last 20 years, from 73% opposed to home education in 1985 to 54% opposed in 2001. In 1988, when asked whether parents shouldhavearighttochoosehomeschooling,53percentthoughtthattheyshould,asrevealedbyanotherpoll. Teachers Oppositiontohomeschoolingcomesfromsomeorganizationsofteachers.TheNationalEducationAssociation, aUnited Statesteachers’unionandprofessionalassociation,opposeshomeschooling. Criticismsbysuchopponents include: inadequate standards of academic quality and comprehensiveness; lack of socialization with peers of different ethnic and religious backgrounds; the potential for development of religious or social extremism/individualism; potential fordevelopment ofparallel societies that do notfit into standards of citizenship andcommunity. Stanford University political scientist Professor Rob Reich wrote in The Civic Perils of Homeschooling that homeschooling can probably result in biased students, as many homeschooling parents view the education of their children as a matter properly under their control and no one else’ s. He also claims that most parents choose to educatetheirchildrenathomebecausetheybelievethattheirchildren’smoralandspiritualneedswillnotbemetin campus-basedschools. WriteyourresponseonANSWERSHEETFOUR.ANSWERSHEET1(TEM8) PARTⅠ LISTENINGCOMPREHENSION SECTIONA MINI-LECTURE 下列各题必须使用黑色字迹签字笔在答题区域内作答，超出红色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效。 HowtoReduceStress Lifeisfullofthingsthatcauseusstress.Thoughwemaynotlikestress, wehavetolivewithit. Ⅰ.Definitionofstress A.(1)_______reaction (1)__________ i.e.forceexertedbetweentwo(2)_______ (2)__________ B.humanreaction i.e.responseto(3)_______onsomeone (3)__________ e.g.increaseinbreathing,heartrate,(4)_______,ormuscletension (4)__________ Ⅱ.(5)_______ (5)__________ A.positivestress whereitoccurs:Christmas,wedding,(6)_______ (6)__________ B.negativestress whereitoccurs:(7)_______,friend’sdeath (7)__________ Ⅲ.Waystocopewithstress A.recognitionofstresssignals —monitorfor(8)_______ofstress (8)__________ —earlysigns:(9)_______,weightchange,smoking,drinking,etc. (9)__________ —findwaystoprotectoneself B.attentiontobodydemand —effectof(10)_______ (10)__________ C.planningand(11)_______appropriately (11)__________ —reasonforplanning —(12)_______ofplanning (12)__________ D.learningto(13)_______ (13)__________ —e.g.delaycausedbytraffic E.(14)_______ (14)__________ —manageabletask —(15)_______ (15)__________ANSWERAHEET2(TEM8) PARTⅠ LISTENINGCOMPREHENSION SECTIONB 1.[A][B][C][D] 6.[A][B][C][D] 2.[A][B][C][D] 7.[A][B][C][D] 3.[A][B][C][D] 8.[A][B][C][D] 4.[A][B][C][D] 9.[A][B][C][D] 5.[A][B][C][D] 10.[A][B][C][D] PARTⅡ PEADING COMPREHENSION SECTIONA 11.[A][B][C][D] 16.[A][B][C][D] 21.[A][B][C][D] 12.[A][B][C][D] 17.[A][B][C][D] 22.[A][B][C][D] 13.[A][B][C][D] 18.[A][B][C][D] 23.[A][B][C][D] 14.[A][B][C][D] 19.[A][B][C][D] 24.[A][B][C][D] 15.[A][B][C][D] 20.[A][B][C][D] SECTIONBSHORT-ANSWERQUESTIONS 下列各题必须使用黑色字迹签字笔在答题区域内作答，超出红色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效。 25.......................................................................................................................................................................... 26.......................................................................................................................................................................... 27.......................................................................................................................................................................... 28.......................................................................................................................................................................... 29.......................................................................................................................................................................... 30.......................................................................................................................................................................... 31.......................................................................................................................................................................... 32..........................................................................................................................................................................ANSWERSHEET3(TEM8) PARTⅢ LANGUAGE USAGE 下列各题必须使用黑色字迹签字笔在答题区域内作答，超出红色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效。 Thereisawidespreadconsensusamongscholarsthatsecondlanguage acquisition(SLA)emergedasadistinctfieldofresearchfromthelate1950s toearly1960s. Thereisahighlevelofagreementthatthefollowingquestionshave (1)__________ possessedthemostattentionofresearchersinthisarea: (2)__________ ●Isitpossibletoacquireanadditionallanguageinthesamesenseone (3)__________ acquiresafirstlanguage? ●Whatistheexplanationforthefactadultshavemoredifficultyin (4)__________ acquiringadditionallanguagesthanchildrenhave? ●Whatmotivatespeopletoacquireadditionallanguages? ●Whatistheroleofthelanguageteachingintheacquisitionofan (5)__________ additionallanguage? ●Whatsocioculturalfactors,ifany,arerelevantinstudyingthe learningofadditionallanguages? Fromacheckoftheliteratureofthefielditisclearthatalltheapproaches (6)__________ adoptedtostudythephenomenaofSLAsofarhaveonethingincommon:The Perspectiveadoptedtoviewtheacquiringofanadditionallanguageisthatof anindividualattemptstodoso.Whetheronelabelsit“learning”or (7)__________ “acquiring”anadditionallanguage,itisanindividualaccomplishmentorwhat (8)__________ isunderfocusisthecognitive,psychological,andinstitutionalstatusofan individual.Thatis,thespotlightisonwhatmentalcapabilitiesareinvolving, (9)__________ whatpsychologicalfactorsplayaroleinthelearningoracquisition,and whetherthetargetlanguageislearntintheclassroomoracquiredthroughsocial touchwithnativespeakers. (10)__________