文档内容
推理判断解题技巧
推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的线索和事实进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的
可能性，将间接论据连贯起来，得出一个合理的结论。合理，就是论推理有事实根据，而不是读者主观
臆断的。推理判断题常以infer，imply，suggest，conclude, learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose 等词
提问。提问中往往含有表示推测的情态动词，如 can，could，might, would 等和其他表示可能性的副
词，如probably，most likely 等。
所谓推断就是从已知的事情中推测未知的事情。这里所说的未知是指文章或作者没有直接说明但已暗
示出来，或者根据作者提供的信息，可能引出的必然性结论。所以推断类题目尽管不能在文章中直接找
到答案，但我们可以在文章中找到可供推论的依据。还有一个重要的技巧就是排除法的适当运用。很多
错误选项的排除要靠我们对于文章事实和细节的准确把握。因此我们也要相应加强对于文章事实细节的
训练。常见的技巧方法一般有如下几类：
方法：在理解原文表面信息的基础上，做出判断和推理。得出其隐含意义和深层意思。考查对阅读材
料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。依据文章事实，得出得出符
合逻辑的结论。
陷阱：①文章直接言明的内容，这不是推断出来的（凡是推断题一定不选原文信息的同义表述） ②
注意干扰项与文章内容有细微区别。（推理判断一定要合情合理，有理有据，依据事实，切不可主观臆
断）
③察言观色，依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思
想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。
方法1 逻辑推理法
逻辑推理法，即根据上下文及其相互间的关系，对文章片段或全文进行深层理解来解答题目。常以时
间关系、条件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理根据，有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、
态度等弦外之音。主要考查学生对文章细节的理解和逻辑思维的推断能力。
The best way to learn English is to have a good environment. Take notes in English, put English books around
your room, listen to English radios, watch English news, movies and TV programs. Speak English with your
friends whenever you can. The more English materials that you have around you, the faster you will learn it.
Many people think that exercises and tests aren't much fun. However, by doing exercises and taking tests you can
really improve your English. If you never test yourself, you will never know how much you are making progress.
According to the passage, English exercises and tests are ______.
A. very necessary B. not helpful at all
1
学科网（北京）股份有限公司C. very boring D. not important
方法2 观点态度判定法
观点态度判定法，就是从作者的措词、语气或对某个细节的把握来推断作者在整篇文章中所表现出
来的态度，以及对事物的评价。主要考查学生对于作者陈述事件时所表达出的个人观点态度的推断能
力。
What the primary school in Fuzhou is doing is worth praising. Doing chores can put a sense of responsibility into
students' minds and teach them the spirit of rules as well as teamwork. Also, it can make students' in-school
experiences more meaningful.
What does the writer think of doing chores?
A. He thinks it's a waste of time.
B. He thinks it's the parents' job.
C. He can't understand.
D. He thinks it's good for students.
方法3 目的意图判定法
目的意图判定法，就是根据文章内容推断出作者的写作意图。主要考查学生对作者阐述的目的进行
归纳总结和分析的能力。
There are 5 billion tons of plastic waste in the world. By 2050, they could have 13 billion tons.
Much of plastic rubbish finds its way into the ocean. Scientists say 165 million tons of plastic pieces are
floating (漂浮) around out there. It harms ocean life. Plastic rubbish even ends up in the food we eat.
Though it is hard work, it can be solved. In Britain, people are not allowed to use plastic bags except in
hospitals. Scotland and several coastal cities in the US stop people from using plastic straws as well.
The purpose of the passage is mainly to ______.
A. introduce some ways to recycle waste
B. tell readers about the problem with plastics
C. compare air pollution and plastic pollution
D. describe how the US is reducing plastic waste
方法4 文章出处判定法
文章出处判定法，就是根据文章的语言、用词、格式、内容等推断出文章的出处，如杂志、报纸、
网络等。主要考查学生对各种文章出处的特点和常识的掌握能力，以及对文章的体裁和题材的准确把握
能力。
Have you ever wanted to achieve a goal and ended up doing lots of research on how to achieve it? As you learned
more and more, it seemed you knew less and less. That is because when you learned a new concept (概念), you
found that there was a lot more to know about it.
Usually, people think they need to get more and more information before trying a new idea...
One of the best ways to learn is to take action and learn from the results...
2
学科网（北京）股份有限公司Learning more is great but if all you're doing is learning and not taking action, it's time to change that. Just take
the first step.
We can usually read the passage in ______.
A. a storybook B. a newspaper
C. an advertisement D. a guidebook
方法5 读者对象判定法
读者对象判定法，就是根据文章内容推断出文章是针对哪个群体阅读的。主要考查学生的概括和推
断能力。
What can you do with cyberbullying (网络欺凌)?
If someone is not kind to you, tell an adult that you know or like. For example, talk to a parent or a teacher.
If you get bad messages, don't reply. You should save them and give them to your teacher, your family, or the
police. Ask an adult for help. Don't share anything before you make sure it is true.
Say sorry if you are not kind to someone. You can write a message or talk to the person. And always remember:
think about how to be kind in the future.
This passage is mainly written for ______.
A. teachers B. parents C. child D. the police
方法6 写作目的判定法
目的意图判定法，就是根据文章内容推断出作者的写作意图。主要考查学生对作者阐述的目的进行
归纳总结和分析的能力。
There are 5 billion tons of plastic waste in the world. By 2050, they could have 13 billion tons.
Much of plastic rubbish finds its way into the ocean. Scientists say 165 million tons of plastic pieces are
floating (漂浮) around out there. It harms ocean life. Plastic rubbish even ends up in the food we eat.
Though it is hard work, it can be solved. In Britain, people are not allowed to use plastic bags except in
hospitals. Scotland and several coastal cities in the US stop people from using plastic straws as well.
The purpose of the passage is mainly to ______.
A. introduce some ways to recycle waste
B. tell readers about the problem with plastics
C. compare air pollution and plastic pollution
D. describe how the US is reducing plastic waste
方法7 论证方式判定法
论证方式判定法，就是对文章提出的观点举例子，列数字，作比较等方式去支撑文章中提出的观
点，证明观点的合理性。主要考查学生对题干的理解，及线索句的定位和理解能力。
The Internet of things may be coming sooner than you think. It is reported that during his speech earlier this year,
Samsung (三星) CEO BK Yoon spent a lot of time talking about the Internet of things. He said that five years
from now, every Samsung product will be part of the Internet of things, whether itˈs a washing machine or a
vacuum cleaner(吸尘器).
3
学科网（北京）股份有限公司The Samsung CEO’s speech is mentioned to prove(证明) that ____
A. Samsung produced the Internet of things in the past.
B. The Internet of things will come into our daily life sooner.
C. He spent a lot of time talking about the Internet of things
D. Samsung products are part of the Internet of things.
方法8 篇章结构判定法
篇章结构判定法，就是对文章整体的结构，或者段落中某事件的结构进行分析总结，常以排序或结
构图示等来考查。主要考查学生对整体文章内容的理解和概括能力。
Around the world, people have different ideas about what good manners are.
When you go to restaurants in different parts of the world, it’s important to know the right and wrong things to
do. For example, in China, it’s OK to make a lot of noise in a restaurant. In fact, if a restaurant isn’t noisy or
lively, you may think there’s something wrong with it. However, in many western countries, restaurants are quiet
places. If a table is too loud, other people in the restaurant might even complain to the owner of the restaurant.
Paying the bill is also different from country to country. In China, one person usually pays for everybody. In
western countries, one person pays when he or she is entertaining clients, but when friends eat together, they
usually share the cost. This is called “Going Dutch”. Also, when Westerners pay the bill, they usually leave some
money for the waiter. This is called “leaving a tip”. Leaving a tip is thought to be polite. In the US, people are
expected to tip between 15%and 20%of the bill, which is decided by how good the service is. Good waiters can
make a lot of money!
Different countries have different customs. When you travel to another country, please follow its customs, just as
the saying goes “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”
If we put the passage into three parts, which of the following is the best?
(①=Para.1②=Para.2③=Para.3④=Para.4 )
A.①;②③;④ B.①;②; ③④ C.①②;③;④ D.①;②③④
（2023·广东广州·统考中考真题）
Come on, Amy. You must TRY HARDER. Amy told herself silently. She was in her class’ Second-Day-of-
School Game with her teammates, whom she only met yesterday. This was her first chance to make new friends,
and she was nervous.
So far Amy hadn’t given any useful suggestions—after all, she was totally new to this town. Luckily, no one
seemed to care about it. This relaxed her a lot.
Since the Blue Team left the park, they had worked out the first two clues (线索) and had been to the post
office. Now they were in front of the cinema.
Henry was reading aloud the third clue: Go to our town founder’s last resting place.
I know THIS ONE! Amy thought, excited.
4
学科网（北京）股份有限公司“To the cemetery (墓地)” Cindy said.
“No, wait!” Amy said. “I’ve read about it. The founder was buried near the library.”
“Wow. I’ve walked by every day,” Tyler said. “Never knew that!”
“Good job! That will save valuable time, ” Cindy smiled at Amy.
“We still need to hurry,” Tyler reminded, pointing to the Yellow Team coming near.
“I know a shortcut!” Henry suggested. “Follow me!” No one moved.
“No, seriously,” Henry said. “You know I’m always running late. I know every shortcut in town.” The others
finally agreed.
A few sharp turns, and they were there! This time Amy read the clue aloud: Now go to the place where the
football is running around!
“The football stadium!” They called out together and started to run…
Now they’d got the final clue: Look where you’ve been, see where you are. Use your map wisely and
you’ll be a star!
Looking closely at the map, everyone thought hard.
“Aha! A star!” Cindy suddenly broke the silence. She quickly took out a pencil.
As they watched her drawing lines on the map, everyone understood.
They began running back to where they started. They were closer and closer, and finally crossed the finish
line-just one step behind the Red Team!
“So…close…” Tyler made a face, and they all laughed together.
“Nice job, new girl,” Cindy gave Amy a high-five.
“That was really fun,” said Henry. “I hope we’ll be on the same team soon.”
“Me, too,” Amy agreed, smiling.
1．What does the beginning of the story tell us about Amy?
A．She didn’t want to play the game. B．She was a new student in her class.
C．She was a member of the Red Team. D．She didn’t understand the game rules.
2．Why did the team let Henry lead the way at last?
A．He ran fastest in the team. B．They didn’t know the way.
C．They trusted his rich experience. D．He was best at playing the game.
5
学科网（北京）股份有限公司3．Where was the finish line of the game?
A．In the park. B．Next to the post office.
C．In front of the cinema. D．Outside the library.
4．Why did Amy smile at the end of the story?
A．Her team came in first. B．She was accepted as a friend.
C．She no longer felt nervous. D．There would be a game soon.
（2023·河南·统考中考真题）
Plunk! I dropped another pecan (山核桃) into my basket. Then a gentle autumn wind blew some more off the
tree. I ran to pick them up. Whew! Pecan picking was hard. My basket was only half full.
I was visiting my grandpa’s farm in Kansas, and Grandpa sent me into the woods to pick up pecans for us to
enjoy later. I wasn’t about to let him down.
Then something caught my eye: a squirrel picked up a pecan, climbed up a tree and disappeared into a large
hole. A moment later, the squirrel climbed down to the ground to pick another pecan. Once again, he took the
pecan back to his secret hiding place inside the hollow (洞) of the tree.
Not so secret anymore, I thought. I ran over to the tree and found the hollow was filled with sweet pecans.
They were right there for the taking. This was my chance. Handful by handful, I took all the pecans from the
hollow. Now the basket was full!
I was so proud of myself. I couldn’t wait to show Grandpa all of the pecans I’d collected.
“Look, Grandpa,” I shouted, “look at all of the pecans I found!”
Grandpa took a look at my basket. “Well, well, how did you find so many, Jimmy?” I told him how I’d
followed the squirrel and taken the pecans from his hiding place. Grandpa congratulated me on finding out
something about the squirrel’s habits. Then he did something that surprised me. He handed the basket back to me
and put his arm gently around my shoulders.
“That squirrel worked very hard to collect his winter food,” he said. “Now that all of his pecans are gone,
don’t you think that little squirrel will be very hungry when it gets cold?”
“I didn’t think about that,” I said.
“I know,” Grandpa said. “But a good man should never take advantage of someone else’s hard work, even the
6
学科网（北京）股份有限公司squirrel’s.”
Suddenly I felt as hollow as that old tree. The image (形象) of that hungry squirrel wouldn’t leave my mind.
There was only one thing I could do.
…
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1．Why did the writer go to the woods at the beginning of the story?
A．To pick up pecans. B．To catch little animals.
C．To feed the squirrels. D．To look for his grandpa.
2．The writer was proud of himself because ________.
A．he was praised by his grandpa
B．he found out his grandpa’s secret
C．he helped the squirrel in the hollow
D．he filled his basket with so many pecans
3．Which of the following can best describe Grandpa?
A．Kind and wise. B．Caring and humorous.
C．Shy and friendly. D．Patient and hard-working.
4．What is the possible ending to the story?
A．The writer sent the pecans to his neighbors.
B．The writer put all the pecans back into the hole.
C．The writer hid the pecans in his grandpa’s house.
D．The writer enjoyed all the pecans with his family.
5．What is the best title for the text?
A．An unusual tree B．The stolen pecans
C．A smart squirrel D．The magic basket
（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）
Seiichi Sano, an 89-year-old Japanese man, rides a wave at Katase Nishihama Beach, Thursday, March 30,
2023. He has been recognized as the oldest male to surf（冲浪）by the Guinness World Records.
But maybe he will just keep surfing. “I think it would be interesting to try to surf until I’m 100,” Sano said.
“I think I take better care of myself when I have dreams like this. Even now, I take better care of myself than I did
before.”
Sano said he got the idea to try surfing from a worker at his local bank. The man’s skin was always dark and
he did not look like a usual worker. His secret to keep healthy and energetic, he said, was surfing. So, Sano found
7
学科网（北京）股份有限公司a teacher.
Sano gets out most weekends on the black-sand beach. “I don’t consider myself an old man,” he said in his
wet suit, board standing next to him. “I have never thought of myself as an old person. I always feel that I can still
move forward. I can still do it. I can still enjoy it.”
Several young students who also work with Sano’s surf teacher talked about Sano.
“I think age doesn’t matter in surfing,” a 12-year-old surfer said.
“He is so amazing,” added his younger brother.
“To be honest, I was surprised by his age,” said Sano’s surfing teacher. “I was worried that he would get hurt.
I did not know how fit he was.”
Sano still works 9-to-5 at his job. Surfing helps make him less stressed. “People often say that surfing is life
itself,” he said. “I think it is true.”
1．What does the underlined word “recognized” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Led. B．Given. C．Accepted. D．Collected.
2．Paragraph 3 mainly tells us ________.
A．where Sano learnt to surf B．why Sano tried surfing
C．how Sano planned to surf D．when Sano went surfing
3．From the words of the young students and Sano’s surf teacher, we can infer ________.
A．they respect Sano very much B．Sano’s age influences his surfing
C．they’re worried about Sano’s work D．Sano is often hurt when practising
4．According to the passage, we know Sano ________.
A．is too old to start surfing B．gets bored with surfing
C．feels stressed after surfing D．enjoys a lot from surfing
（2023·山东济南·统考中考真题）
Warming temperatures and shorter winters might sound like the end of snow days. However, rising
temperatures may actually cause snowstorms to dump more snow, says David Robinson. He is a professor at a
university in New Jersey. He studies climate (气候) change.
Temperature change is one of the greatest in Earth’s climate change over a long period of time. It can happen
naturally or because of human activities, such as burning gas and coal. Burning these fuels produces carbon
dioxide (二氧化碳) and other pollutants into the atmosphere, which hold heat in the atmosphere, leading to
warmer global temperatures over time.
But how could warmer temperatures lead to more snow? To get snow, you need moisture (水汽) and freezing
temperatures (0℃ or less), says Robinson. Without moisture in the air, there is no precipitation (rain or snow).
8
学科网（北京）股份有限公司Robinson says there are signs that snowstorms are becoming stronger. This is because of this connection between
moisture and precipitation.
“The warmer the air becomes, the more moisture it holds. So, if it’s warming and still cold enough to snow,
you can get more snow,” Robinson says.
Of the 10 biggest snowfalls in D．C． region, five happened in the past 25 years, according to the NWS.
During that same time period, average winter temperatures in D．C． increased. In 1996, the average winter
temperature was 1.8℃. In 2020, it was 6℃.
Weather experts suggest that rising temperatures may make winter shorter and less cold. But for now, the
snow is still falling. One day, winter might not have any days below the freezing temperature. Once temperatures
stay above freezing, snowstorms become rain. Until then, we might continue to see strong storms.
According to Robinson, that time could come sooner than we think. He says, “When we look back, years
from now, we may see that this was the breaking point.”
1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．How Earth’s climate changes. B．What causes rising temperatures.
C．What produces carbon dioxide. D．How pollution influences climate.
2．What will the warming temperatures cause according to the text?
A．Less coal. B．Drier weather.
C．Longer winters. D．Stronger snowstorms.
3．What is the purpose of paragraph 5?
A．To introduce D．C．
B．To report the biggest 10 snowstorms.
C．To support Robinson’s ideas.
D．To show the increase of temperatures.
4．What does Robinson think of the future warming temperatures?
A．Impossible. B．Serious. C．Meaningless. D．Amazing.
5．Where is the text probably taken from?
A．A science magazine. B．A story book.
C．A science fiction. D．A travel guide.
（2023·山东济南·统考中考真题）
A garden is much more than just creating a beautiful environment. It can be a way to save or even make
money and, more than that, it can be a place where you can express yourself. For me, it’s a bit of all these things. I
know it may sound strange for a 13-year-old girl to be interested in gardening, but I have always been and I would
9
学科网（北京）股份有限公司love to make a career (职业) out of it.
I have learned many things these past few years. I have been reading about and doing some gardening. So,
here is my top advice about gardening. First, you do not need to spend a lot of money to have a beautiful garden.
Some of the gardens that I think are the prettiest are just lines of plants. There aren’t many garden decorations (装
饰) and pathways. It’s just beautiful plants with fruits and vegetables. We can also find many useful things for
free, from pieces of old wood to old pots and pans. Or, we can build things for free from materials that other
people have thrown away.
If you just remember that planting what is more than you need will take the stress away of losing some
plants, you will save yourself a lot of worry, too. Besides, you need to ask yourself which plants produce enough
food to make them worth growing. I actually sat down and did the maths on that one this spring. It amazed me
what some plants were worth. A tomato, for example, can produce £50-£150 worth of fruit. It takes up a lot of
space but that’s a lot of money coming out of a 50-pence seed (种子)! So if I had known earlier what each plant
could save us, I would have told my parents to fill our garden with different plants.
And finally, gardening doesn’t have to be all or nothing. But then I guess that’s more of a personality
weakness than anything. I struggle with doing things a little at a time. Once I decide to do something, I usually
devote every waking hour to it for a little while and then get tired. So it’s okay to just have one tomato plant, and
it’s okay to have an off year. It will save you a lot of stress.
1．What does the writer want to tell us about gardening in paragraph 1?
A．The gardeners can make much money.
B．It’s just about creating a beautiful place.
C．The most important is to express yourself.
D．It means different things to different people.
2．How would the writer describe her favorite garden?
A．Simple. B．Expensive. C．Magic. D．Creative.
3．What advice does the writer give us about gardening?
A．Use what we can find around us. B．Try to make a career out of it.
C．Ask other gardeners to give help. D．Spend as much time as we can.
4．What can we learn about the writer’s gardening experience?
A．She wants to grow everything.
B．She did everything right.
C．She has a lot of fun in doing it.
D．She needs to work harder.
10
学科网（北京）股份有限公司5．What does the underlined word “devote” mean in the last paragraph?
A．Waste. B．Spend. C．Change. D．Count.
（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）
You stand in a garden. A low noise reaches your ears. You see a small insect flying near your head. You turn
to look, and it flies out of sight. There it is again! You move slowly. You can see yellow and black stripes on it.
Is it a bee? It lands on a flower, and you take a closer look.
Bees fold(折叠) their wings onto their backs when they stop flying. But this insect’s wings reach out like a
fly’s. That’s because it is a fly—a flower fly.
Many flower flies look like bees. This helps keep them safe from animals that may want to eat them. Insects
with yellow and black stripes usually have stingers(刺). Insect eaters, such as some birds and frogs, need to get
stung only once to know that stripes mean trouble. Flower flies can’t sting, but insect eaters see the stripes and
leave the flies alone.
Flower flies spend most of their time looking for food. Like bees, flower flies eat pollen(花粉) and nectar(花
蜜). This makes them easy to find in a garden full of flowers. They are helpful garden insects just like bees. Adult
flower flies move pollen from one flower to another, which helps some flowers grow into fruit.
Flower flies can stay in one place while flying. Most insects move forward when they fly. But flower flies
can twist their wings, much like hummingbirds do. Twisting keeps them in one place, so they can remain over
flowers, leaves, or even you!
1．In which part of a magazine can we probably see this passage?
A．Nature. B．Culture. C．Fashion. D．Health.
2．In which way are bees and flower flies different?
A．The food that they eat. B．The colour of their stripes.
C．The way they help garden flowers grow.D．The shape of wings when they stop flying.
3．What does the underlined phrase “leave the flies alone” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Make friends with the flies. B．Eat the flies up.
C．Keep away from the flies. D．Invite the flies in.
4．What might the writer of the passage agree with?
A．People usually prefer bees to flower flies.
B．People sometimes mistake flower flies for bees.
11
学科网（北京）股份有限公司C．People should stop birds eating bees and flower flies.
D．People should have beautiful gardens in their neighbourhood.
（2023·北京·统考中考真题）
When considering the kind of experience that makes life better, most people first think that happiness
depends on experiencing pleasure: good food, good jobs, all the comforts that money can buy. If we couldn’t have
these, we might as well sit in front of the television on a quiet evening.
Pleasure is an important part of the quality of life, but by itself it doesn’t bring happiness. When people think
further about what makes a worthy life, they tend (倾向于) to move beyond pleasant memories and begin to
remember other events, other experiences that overlap (有重叠) pleasurable ones but fall into a group with a
separate name: enjoyment. Enjoyable events take place when people have not only satisfied a need or met some
earlier expectation, but also achieved something unexpected.
Enjoyment is characterized by a sense of curiosity, of achievement. Playing a tennis game that improves
one’s ability is enjoyable, as is reading a book that shows things in a new light, as is having a conversation that
leads us to express ideas we didn’t know we had. None of these experiences may be especially pleasurable when
they are taking place, but when we think back on them afterwards, we would say, “That really was fun” and wish
they would happen again. After an enjoyable event we know that we have changed, and grown.
Experiences that give pleasure can also give enjoyment, but the two feelings are quite different. For example,
everybody takes pleasure in eating. However, to enjoys food is more difficult — you have to pay enough attention
to a meal, so as to sense and tell its various tastes. As this example suggests, we can experience pleasure without
any psychic energy, while enjoyment happens only as a result of full attention. A person can feel pleasure without
any effort, as long as certain parts in his brain are stimulated (刺激). But it’s impossible to enjoy a tennis game or
a book without full attention. It’s for this reason that pleasure does not last long, nor does it make us grow. Growth
requires full attention to goals that are new, that are relatively challenging.
Without enjoyment, life will go on, and it can even be pleasant. But it depends heavily on luck and the
external (外部的) environment. To achieve personal control over the quality of experience, however, we need to
learn how to build enjoyment into what happens day in, day out.
1．You will most probably experience enjoyment when you ________.
A．buy expensive shoes B．order a delicious meal
C．talk with friends for new ideas D．sit quietly in front of a television
2．What do you know about pleasure and enjoyment from the passage?
A．Enjoyment grows out of pleasure.
B．Pleasure and enjoyment come hand in hand.
12
学科网（北京）股份有限公司C．Pleasurable experiences are part of enjoyable ones.
D．Some experiences provide both pleasure and enjoyment.
3．The words “psychic energy” in Paragraph 4 are closest in meaning to ________.
A．attention B．interest C．ability D．knowledge
4．The writer probably agrees that ________.
A．feeling pleasure stops people from achieving growth
B．feeling enjoyment comes with achieving growth
C．a worthy life depends on luck and environment
D．pleasure is the key to a happy and worthy life
（2023·广东广州·统考中考真题）
People believe that every word has its correct meaning(s). When we are not sure, we usually check online, or
turn to our teachers or dictionaries. But do you know how dictionaries were made in the past?
Dictionary writers first read the important books of the period or the subject that the dictionary was about. As
they read, they copied necessary information on cards: interesting words, common words—both in their daily uses
and unusual uses, and also the sentences where they were used. That is to say, the words, along with the uses of
each word, were collected. For a really big dictionary, millions of such cards were collected. This task could last
for years. As the cards were collected, they were put in alphabetical order (A—Z). When this was done, there
would be several hundred cards for each single word.
Then, to define (定义) a word, the dictionary writer placed its hundreds of cards before him. He read the
cards closely, threw away some, read the rest again, and divided up the cards according to what he thought were
the common uses of the word. Finally, he wrote the definitions, following the hard-and-fast rule: each definition
must come from an example on a certain card in front of him.
So, the writing of a dictionary was not a task of inventing meanings of words, but a task of recording their
meanings. The writer of a dictionary was a historian, not a law maker.
As time develops, the way of producing dictionaries has greatly changed. Nowadays, we can use online
dictionaries too. When choosing our words in speaking or writing, we can be guided by the dictionary. However,
we cannot be controlled by it, because new situations, new experiences, new inventions, and new feelings, are
always pushing us to give new uses to old words.
1．Why did dictionary writers read important books?
A．To know more about the period. B．To collect words and their uses.
C．To understand different subjects. D．To learn to use interesting words.
2．Which shows the correct steps of how dictionaries were made in the past?
13
学科网（北京）股份有限公司A．①-③-④-② B．①-②-④-③ C．③-④-②-① D．③-①-④-②
3．What can we learn from the passage about dictionary writing in the past?
A．It should be done by historians. B．It was a task of inventing and recording.
C．It was long-time hard work. D．It had to use the law-making rules.
4．What does the writer advise us to do when we choose words in communication?
A．Be open to the new uses of words. B．Follow the dictionary strictly.
C．Use online dictionaries instead. D．Try to create new words.
（2023·黑龙江大庆·统考中考真题）
The Animal “Workers”
Jay, a 23-year-old man wearing an animal costume（戏服）, was giving out advertisement cards on the
street. Jay was working so hard to make more people visit his store. Not only human society, but animal society
also has such a group of animal “workers”. They either perform tasks, or dress themselves up, or just use their
cuteness to bring in money for the company. For example, the Call Duck Café（柯尔鸭咖啡厅）draws the
attention of a large number of tourists with Call Ducks’ cute appearance. Each duck interests a lot of guests every
day. They can be touched or have their pictures taken with the guests.
Owl（猫头鹰）Cafes have become popular in Japan in recent years. However, owls sleep during the day
and are active at night. Making them work against their biological clock with be harmful to them.
Many animals die because they are tired and full of fear. But there are still many people using their cuteness
and life to make money.
The aim of Animal Cafes is certainly to bring in more money but they should consider the well-being of
these lovely animals.
Please give these cute animals a right to “not work”.
1．What is the purpose of mentioning Jay in paragraph 1?
A．To introduce the topic of the passage. B．To compare human society with animal society.
C．To give information of Call Ducks. D．To describe an interesting story of animals.
2．How do the writer talk about animals cafes?
A．By giving numbers. B．By asking questions.
C．By giving reasons. D．By giving examples.
14
学科网（北京）股份有限公司3．Which of the following words has the same meaning as the underlined word?
A．Health. B．Luck. C．Wealth. D．Fashion.
4．What is the writer’s opinion about animal “workers”?
A．He doesn’t like them. B．He believes they are useless.
C．He worries about their health. D．He thinks they should work harder.
（2023·山东临沂·统考中考真题）
Shanghai's First “Forest Library”
On February 20th, 2023, the first “forest library” in Shanghai opened to the public. It’s known as Read
& Joy Forest. Now readers can relax and read in a natural environment.
The “forest library” was started by Pudong New Area and Shanghai Library. It is in a green space area near
Shanghai Library East, which opened in September, 2022. With an area of 20, 546 square meters, it allows visitors
to take an enjoyable walk in the quiet forest.
The library is in the open air. It is designed to keep the forest as it is. To protect the forest, all the green
spaces are connected by wooden walk ways. It offers many benches(长凳) and an information booth(亭) .
“It’s not only a place for lending books, or a reading room, but also an open space for enjoying fresh air and
the smell of trees. It offers different reading experiences to readers,” says Chen Chao, director of Shanghai
Library. Most of the visitors to the “forest library” are young people and parents with their children. They enjoy
reading in the woods or taking a walk in the forest.
If you are looking for such a place away from busy world, then you must go there to enjoy reading outdoors.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
1．The first “forest library” in Shanghai opened to the public _______.
A．in September, 2022 B．in February, 2023 C．in September, 2023
2．What are mentioned about the “forest library” in this passage?
A．Size, location, environment and activities people can do there.
B．Size, location, the number of books and activities people can do there.
C．Location, environment, the number of books and activities people can do there.
3．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?(P=Paragraph)
15
学科网（北京）股份有限公司A． B． C．
（2023·山东菏泽·统考中考真题）
Chen Shaoqin, a volunteer on art, guides visitors at an art center
in Beijing on March 8. [Photo by WANGWEI/for China Daily]
At the age of 73, Chen Shaoqin from Beijing has shown the world how life should be lived.
Although she only had a middle school education, Chen began studying English at the age of 40 and passed a
college entrance exam, making herself from a factory worker to a white-collar clerk in an international trade
company. Chen continued to study art after retirement(退休) and finally became an art guide at the age of 67.
Over the past five years, she has guided visitors at an art center for three days a week, totaling 3,500 hours.
From an old lady who knew nothing about modern art to a volunteer guide, Chen’s hard work and love for
learning have encouraged many people. She said that she must continue to learn because she did not understand
that. As a guide, she is able to attend professional training courses and has the chances to learn from artists and
curators (馆长), which gives her encouragement to continue.
Chen has guided many exhibitions over the years, including those of famous artists like Zeng Fanzhi, Xu
Bing, Qiu Zhijie and Pablo Picasso. She believes that every tour is a beautiful journey and a new chance to learn
and be moved. Her effort of learning and her ability to mix many subjects have made her an excellent guide. After
turning 73 this year, she believes that the width of one’s life can be expanded (扩展) through self-improvement
and learning.
Chen Shaoqin is a best example that anyone can find their passion (热爱) and then learn, grow and share
with others.
16
学科网（北京）股份有限公司1．How old was Chen Shaoqin when she started learning English?
A．73. B．40. C．67.
2．Chen Shaoqin finally became _________ after retirement.
A．an artist B．a curator C．an art guide
3．What can we learn from Chen Shaoqin?
A．It’s never too old to learn. B．A good friend is like a mirror.C．Failure is
the mother of success.
4．Where is this passage probably taken from?
A．A course plan. B．A website. C．A dictionary.
17
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
