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大学英语四级改革阅读理解新题型——
匹配题
练习 1
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section B(原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。篇章后附有10
个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相
匹配的段落。)
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten
statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of
the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.
You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a
letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2.
Caring for elderly parents catches many unprepared
[A ] Last July, Julie Baldocchi，s mother had a massive stroke and was
paralyzed. Baldocchi suddenly had to become a family caregiver, something that
she wasn"t prepared for. “I was flying by the seat of my pants,” says
Baldocchi, an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are
83, and she knew her father couldn’t handle her mother’s care. The hospital
recommended putting her mother in a nursing home. Baldocchi wasn’t willing to
do that. But moving her back into her parents’ home created other problems.
Baldocchi, 48, is married and lives about a mile away from her parents. She has
a full-time job and has back problems that make it difficult for her to lift
her mother. “I couldn’t do it all,” she says. “But I didn’t even know how
to find help.”
[B] With help from the Family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hired a
live-in caregiver. “But even if you plan intellectually and legally, you’re
never ready for the emotional impact,” Baldocchi says. In the first two months
after her mother’s stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stress mounted. More
than 42 million Americans provide family caregiving for an adult who needs help
1with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP. An additional
61.6 million provided at least some care during the year. And many are
unprepared.
[C] While many parents lack an advance care directive, it’s the most basic
and important step they can take. The directive includes several parts,
including: a durable power of attorney, which gives someone legal authority to
make financial decisions on another’s behalf; a health care proxy, which is
similar to the power of attorney, except it allows someone to make decisions
regarding medical treatment; and a living will that outlines instructions for
end-of-life care. (For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive
by artificial measures.) “It’s invaluable for the kids, because it’s hard to
make those decisions for a parent,” says Jennifer Cona, an elder- law attorney
at Genser Dubow Genser & Cona in Melville, N.Y. An advance care directive is
the first line of defense if a situation arises, says Kathleen Kelly, executive
director of the Family Caregiver Alliance, which supports and educates
caregivers. Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the
court to be appointed the parent’s legal guardian, says AgingCare.com.
[D] It’s important for families to talk about long-term care so the adult
children know their parents，preferences, wishes and goals, says Lynn Feinberg,
a caregiving expert at AARP. But it’s not an easy conversation. Elderly
parents are sometimes suspicious of their children’s financial motives, says
Susan John, a financial planner at Financial Focus in Wolfeboro, N.H. One
client asked John to hold a family meeting because they needed an intermediary
to talk about financial issues, she says. And when there are many siblings, the
family decisions can become a three-ring circus with much acrimony, says Ann-
Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attorney in Glen Cove, N.Y. Families who need
information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-law attorneys,
financial planners, geriatric care managers and caregiver support groups. In
February, AARP said it will offer its members a new caregiving support service
through financial services firm Genworth.
[E] Many families are unprepared for quick decisions, especially when they
find out that Medicare doesn’t pay for long-term care, Feinberg says. The
median cost of a year in a private room at a nursing home in 2011 was $77,745,
according to Genworth. And only those who have spent most of their assets can
qualify for Medicaid to pay for the nursing home.
2[ F] Assisted living is another option. Residents can have their own
apartment to maintain some independence. But the facilities generally provide
personal care services, such as meals, housekeeping and assistance with
activities. Still, it’s not cheap: The national median cost in 2011 was
$39,135, according to Genworth. Assisted living isn’t covered by Medicaid.
[G ] If they have a choice, at least 90% of elderly parents prefer to stay
at home as long as they can, according to
AARP research. But if the parents can no longer safely live at home, it can
be hard for children to move them into an adult care facility. There may be
another option. Sometimes the home can be modified so a parent can stay there.
For example, Baldocchi put in a chair lift for her mother. She also arranged
for a home caregiver.
[H] Family caregivers take over many responsibilities. One might manage a
parent’s finances, while another sibling will take the parent to doctors"
appointments and shopping. Those who move in with a parent take on a
significant and sustained burden of care. Jan Walker moved into her mother’s
home in Leesburg, Fla. After her mother, who is 83, had fallen, she wasn’t
able to get around as well. Walker, 55, has three brothers. But she is the only
daughter, is divorced and has no children. “I always knew that this was the
role that I would have, and I guess my mind was prepared for it,” says Walker,
who now is a full-time caregiver and works from home as a tutorial instructor
for a digital scrapbooking website. “When you get into the trenches, it’s
literally baptism by fire,” she says. “New things come up. It’s not just
about advance planning for finances or medical care. It’s everything,” she
says.
[I ] Caregivers need to also watch their own health. “There is such a
thing as caregiver burnout, ” Cona says. Among female caregivers 50 and older,
20% reported symptoms of depression, according to a 2010 study on working
caregivers by MetLife. “It’s a hard job,” Walker says. “But most worthwhile
things are hard. She was always there for me when I needed a helping hand.
It’s only natural that I be here for her now.”
46. When elderly parents cannot live at home safely, their children can
change their home instead of sending them to an adult care facility.
347. To talk about long-term care is not easy because sometimes aged parents
are suspicious of their children’s financial motives.
48. Besides advance planning for finances or medical care, family
caregivers take over many other responsibilities.
49. The difference between a durable power of attorney and a health care
proxy is that the latter allows someone to make decisions regarding medical
treatment.
50. Baldocchi did not want to send her mother to a nursing home, but she
had difficulty taking care of her.
51. Over 42 million caregivers helped an adult with everyday activities in
the USA in 2009.
52. If a family needs information or help to sort out disagreements, there
are many people they can call on.
53. Caregivers should pay attention to their own health, or they may burn
out or become depressed.
54. One will have to petition the court to be the parent’s legal guardian,
if there is no advance directive.
55. The national median cost of assisted living in 2011 was $39,135 and it
is not covered by Medicaid.
答案与解析
Section B
46. [G]。题干意为，当上了年纪的父母住在家里不安全时，他们的孩子可以改变他们的
家，而不是将他们送 到成人看护中心去。注意抓住题干中的关键词live at home safely
和adult care facility。文章段落中，[G]段提 到了上了年纪的父母住在家里不安全和成
人看护中心的内容，该段第二至四句提到，如果上了年纪的父 母住在家里不再安全，对于孩
子来说将他们送到成人看护中心也很难，不过有另外一种选择——可以改 变他们的家以适
合他们在那里度过晚年。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[G]。
447. [D]。题干意为，谈论长期护理问题并不容易，因为有时老年人会怀疑自己孩子有金
钱方面的动机。注意 抓住题干中的关键词talk about long-term care、suspicious of和
financial motives。文章段落中，[D]段提到了 谈论长期护理和老年人会怀疑自己孩子的
内容，该段前三句指出，家庭成员谈论长期护理问题是很重要 的，这样才能了解父母的喜好
和意愿等，但是这并不容易，有时候父母会怀疑子女有金钱方面的动机。由 此可知，题干是
对原文的同义转述，故答案为[D]。
48. [H]。题干意为，除了提前进行资金和医疗方面的规划，家庭护理人员还有其他许多
责任。注意抓住题干 中的关键词planning for finances or medical care和many other
responsibilities。文章段落中，[H ]段首先就提到 了家庭护理人员要承担许多责任，该段
最后指出，家庭护理不仅仅要提前做好资金和医疗规划，一切问题 都要考虑到。由此可知，
题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[H]。
49. [C]。题干意为，永久授权书和医疗保健代理委托书的区别在于，后者允许某人做出
有关医疗方面的决定。 注意抓住题干中的关键词a durable power of attorney和a
health care proxy。文章段落中，只有[C]段提到了 这两个专有名词，该段第二句指出，护
理指示应该包含a durable power of attorney、a health care proxy和a living will。
在介绍health care proxy时提到，它与durable power of attorney相似，只是它允许某
人做出有关医?
疗方面的决定。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[C]。
50. [A]。题干意为，Baldocchi不想将母亲送到疗养院，但是她又很难照顾她。注意抓住
题干中的关键词 Baldocchi和nursing home。文章段落中，有几段都提到了 Baldocchi,但
是提到她不想将母亲送往疗养院但 自己照顾母亲又有困难的只有[A]段。题干内容是对原
文第一段的总结，故答案为[A]。
51. [B]。题干意为，2009年，美国有超过4200万护理人员帮忙照料成年人的日常生活。
题干中的关键词为Over 42 million caregivers和help an adult with everyday
activities。文章段落中，[B]段倒数第三句提到 了 More than 42 million Americans
provide family caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities,其
中 More than 42 million和daily activities分别与题干中的Over 42 million和
everyday activities为同义互换。故答案为[B]。
52. [D]。题干意为，如果一个家庭需要解决纠纷的信息或帮助，他们可以向很多人求助。
注意抓住题干中的关 键词sort out disagreements和call on。文章段落中，[D]段倒数第
二句提到，如果一些家庭需要解决纠纷的信息或 者帮助，他们可以向老年法律师、金融规划
师、老年人护理经理和护理人员组织求助。由此可知，题干是对 原文的同义转述，故答案为
[D]。
553. [I]。题干意为，家庭护理人员应该注意自己的身体健康，否则他们可能会累垮或者
变得心情抑郁。注意抓 住题干中的关键词their own health、burn out和depressed。文章
段落中，提到要护理人员注意自己身体的是[I] 段，该段前三句指出，家庭护理人员也要注
意自己的身体，有的时候护理者可能会累垮。对年龄在50岁及以 上的女性护理人员的调查
显示，有20%的人称自己有抑郁症状。由此可知，题干是对原文这三句话的同义转 述，故答案
为[I ]。题干中的 pay attention to their own health和原文中的 watch their own
health对应。
54. [C]。题干意为，如果没有提前准备一份护理说明，那么想成为父母的合法监护人需
要向法庭申请。注意 抓住题干中的关键词petition the court、parent’s legal
guardian和no advance directive。本题比较简单，这几个关 键词均在文章[C ]段中直接
出现，该段最后一句提到，Without an advance directive, the family will have to
petition the court to be appointed the parent’s legal guardian。由此可知，题干
是对原文的同义转述，故答案 为[ C]。
55. [F]。题干意为，2011年，全国生活协助的平均花费为39，135美元，而且这项花费也
不在医疗补助计划的范 围之内。注意抓住题干中的关键词2011、$39，135和Medicaid。本题
也比较容易，扫读全文，可以发现在[F] 段出现了2011和$39，135这两个关键词，并且后面
也提到生活协助并不包含在医疗补助计划之内。由此可 知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答
案为[F]。
练习 2
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section B(原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。篇章后附有10
个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相
匹配的段落。有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题。)
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten
statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of
the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.
You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a
letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2.
Beauty and Body Image in the Media
6[A] Images of female bodies are everywhere. Women—and their body parts—
sell everything from food to cars. Popular film and television actresses are
becoming younger, taller and thinner. Some have even been known to faint on the
set from lack of food. Women’s magazines are full of articles urging that if
they can just lose those last twenty pounds, they’ll have it all—the perfect
marriage, loving children, great sex, and a rewarding career.
[B] Why are standards of beauty being imposed on women, the majority of
whom are naturally larger and more mature than any of the models? The roots,
some analysts say, are economic. By presenting an ideal difficult to achieve
and maintain, the cosmetic and diet product industries are assured of growth
and profits. And it’s no accident that youth is increasingly promoted, along
with thinness, as an essential criterion of beauty. If not all women need to
lose weight, for sure they’re all aging, says the Quebec Action Network for
Women’s Health in its 2001 report. And, according to the industry, age is a
disaster that needs to be dealt with.
[C] The stakes are huge. On the one hand, women who are insecure about
their bodies are more likely to buy beauty products, new clothes, and diet
aids. It is estimated that the diet industry alone is worth anywhere between 40
to 100 billion (U.S.) a year selling temporary weight loss (90% to 95% of
dieters regain the lost weight). On the other hand, research indicates that
exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed female bodies is linked to
depression, loss of self-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habits
in women and girls.
[D ] The American research group Anorexia Nervosa & Related Eating
Disorders, Inc. says that one out of every four college-aged women uses
unhealthy methods of weight control—including fasting, skipping meals,
excessive exercise, laxative (泻药)abuse, and self-induced vomiting. The
pressure to be thin is also affecting young girls: the Canadian Women’s Health
Network warns that weight control measures are now being taken by girls as
young as 5 and 6. American statistics are similar. Several studies, such as one
conducted by Marika Tiggemann and Levina Clark in 2006 titled “Appearance
Culture in 9- to 12-Year-Old Girls: Media and Peer Influences on Body
Dissatisfaction,” indicate that nearly half of all preadolescent girls wish to
be thinner, and as a result have engaged in a diet or are aware of the concept
of dieting. In 2003, Teen magazine reported that 35 percent of girls 6 to 12
years old have been on at least one diet, and that 50 to 70 percent of normal
7weight girls believe they are overweight. Overall research indicates that 90%
of women are dissatisfied with their appearance in some way. Media activist
Jean Kilbourne concludes that, “Women are sold to the diet industry by the
magazines we read and the television programs we watch, almost all of which
make us feel anxious about our weight.”
[ E] Perhaps the most disturbing is the fact that media images of female
beauty are unattainable for all but a very small number of women. Researchers
generating a computer model of a woman with Barbie-doll proportions, for
example, found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of her
upper body, and her body would be too narrow to contain more than half a liver
and a few centimeters of bowel. A real woman built that way would suffer from
chronic diarrhea (慢性腹泻)and eventually die from malnutrition. Jill Barad,
President of Mattel (which manufactures Barbie), estimated that 99% of girls
aged 3 to 10 years old own at least one Barbie doll. Still, the number of real
life women and girls who seek a similarly underweight body is epidemic, and
they can suffer equally devastating health consequences. In 2006 it was
estimated that up to 450, 000 Canadian women were affected by an eating
disorder.
[F ] Researchers report that women’s magazines have ten and one-half times
more ads and articles promoting weight loss than men’s magazines do, and over
three-quarters of the covers of women’s magazines include at least one message
about how to change a woman’s bodily appearance—by diet, exercise or cosmetic
surgery. Television and movies reinforce the importance of a thin body as a
measure of a woman’s worth. Canadian researcher Gregory Fouts reports that
over three-quarters of the female characters in TV situation comedies are
underweight, and only one in twenty are above average in size. Heavier
actresses tend to receive negative comments from male characters about their
bodies (“How about wearing a sack?，，)，and 80 percent of these negative
comments are followed by canned audience laughter.
[G] There have been efforts in the magazine industry to buck (才氐制，反
抗)the trend. For several years the Quebec magazine Coup de Pouce has
consistently included full-sized women in their fashion pages and Chatelaine
has pledged not to touch up photos and not to include models less than 25 years
of age. In Madrid, one of the world’s biggest fashion capitals, ultra-thin
models were banned from the runway in 2006. Furthermore Spain has recently
undergone a project with the aim to standardize clothing sizes through using a
8unique process in which a laser beam is used to measure real life women’s
bodies in order to find the most true to life measurement.
[ H] Another issue is the representation of ethnically diverse women in the
media. A 2008 study conducted by Juanita Covert and Travis Dixon titled “A
Changing View: Representation and Effects of the Portrayal of Women of Color in
Mainstream Women’s Magazines” found that although there was an increase in
the representation of women of colour, overall white women were overrepresented
in mainstream women’s magazines from 1999 to 2004.
[I] The barrage of messages about thinness, dieting and beauty tells
“ordinary” women that they are always in need of adjustment—and that the
female body is an object to be perfected. Jean Kilbourne argues that the
overwhelming presence of media images of painfully thin women means that real
women’s bodies have become invisible in the mass media. The real tragedy,
Kilbourne concludes, is that many women internalize these
stereotypes, and judge themselves by the beauty industry’s standards.
Women learn to compare themselves to
other women, and to compete with them for male attention. This focus on
beauty and desirability “effectively destroys any awareness and action that
might help to change that climate.”
46. A report in Teen magazine showed that 50% to 70% girls with normal
weight think that they need to lose weight.
47. On the whole, for 6 years white women had been occupying much more
space in mainstream women’s magazines since 1999.
48. Some negative effects such as depression and unhealthy eating habits in
females are related to their being exposed to images of thin and young female
bodies.
49. The mass media has helped boost the cosmetic and the diet industries.
50. It is reported that there is at least one message about the methods for
women to change their bodily appearance on more than three-quarters of the
covers of women’s magazines.
951. Some film and television actresses even faint on the scene due to
eating too little.
52. Too much concern with appearance makes it impossible to change such
abnormal trend.
53. Researchers found that a real woman with Barbie-doll proportions would
eventually die from malnutrition.
54. The Quebec magazine Coup (e Pouce resists the trend by consistently
including full-sized women in their fashion pages for several years.
5 5. According to some analysts, the fundamental reason of imposing
standards of beauty on women is economic profits.
答案与解析
PartⅢ Reading Comprehension
Section B
46. [D]题干意为，《青少年》杂志上的一项报道称，有50%到70%体重正常的女孩认为自
己需要减肥。注意抓 住题干中的关键词magazine、50% to 70%和normal weight。文章段落
中，《青少年》杂志以及百分比 50%到70%的内容在[D]段出现，该段倒数第二句提到，《青少
年》杂志报道称，在6~12岁的女孩当中，有 35%的人至少进行过一次减肥，有50%~70%体重正
常的女孩认为自己超重。由此可知，题干是对该句部分 内容的同义转述，故答案为[D]。题干
中的need to lose weight与原文中的is overweight对应。
47. [H]。题干意为，总体而言，1999年以来白人女性连续六年占据了主流女性杂志的多
数篇幅。注意抓住题 干中的关键词for 6 years、white women和occupying much more
space。文章段落中，提及白人女性在主流女 性杂志所占比例的内容在[H]段出现，该段最后
一句提到，该研究发现，虽然1999~2004年间杂志中出现 的有色人种的女性形象在数量上
有所增加，但是从整体来看，白人女性还是占据了主流女性杂志的多数 篇幅。由此可知，题
干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[H]。题干中的occupying much more space对应原文 中
的 overrepresented。
48. [C]。题干意为，女性身上存在的一些诸如抑郁和不健康的饮食习惯的负面影响与
接触年轻苗条的女性形 象有关。注意抓住题干中的关键词depression and unhealthy
eating habits、being exposed to和thin and young bodies。文章段落中，[C]段提到了
抑郁、不健康的饮食习惯以及接触年轻苗条的女性形象的内容，该段最 后一句提到，另一方
面，研究表明，接触这种年轻苗条、妆容美丽的女性形象与女性的抑郁、缺乏自信和 不健康
10的饮食习惯有关。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[C]。题干中的are related
to对应 原文中的 is linked to，being exposed to对应原文中的 exposure to。
49. [B]。题干意为，大众媒体帮助促进了化妆品和减肥产品行业的发展。注意抓住题干
中的关键词boosted和 the cosmetic and the diet industries。文章段落中，只有[B]段
提到了化妆品和减肥产品行业的发展，该段最 后一句提到，通过呈现一个难以达到和保持
的理想身材，化妆品和减肥产品行业必然能够得到发展并获 得利润，而其呈现方式就是通
过大众媒体。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[B]。
50. [F]。题干意为，报道称超过四分之三的女性杂志封面至少包含了一条关于如何改
变女性身材的方法。注 意抓住题干中的关键词at least one message和more than
three-quarters。文章段落中，提到女性杂志封面提供 如何改变女性身材的的内容在[F]段
出现，该段首句提到，研究人员公布说，女性杂志上宣传减肥的广告 和文章所占的比重比男
性杂志高10.5倍，超过四分之三的女性杂志封面至少包含了一条关于如何改变女 性身材的
信息——诸如节食、运动或是整容手术。由此可知，题干对该句后半句内容做了概括，故答案
为 [F ]。题干中的 methods for women to change their bodily appearance 是对原文
中 how to change a woman’s bodily appearance—by diet, exercise or cosmetic
surgery洽勺相无才括。
51. [A]。题干意为，甚至有些影视女演员因为吃得太少而在拍摄现场昏倒。注意抓住题
干中的关键词film and television actresses和faint。文章段落中，[A]段提到了女演员
以及晕倒的内容，该段第三句提到，有些 女演员甚至因为吃得太少而在拍摄现场昏倒。由此
可见，题干对原文做了同义改写，故答案为[A]。题干中 的 due to eating too little和原
文中的 from lack of food对应。
52. [I]。题干意为，对外表的过度关注使得改变这种不正常的风气变得不可能。注意抓
住题干中的关键词too much concern和change such abnormal trend。文章段落中，提及
对外表的过度关注的内容在[I]段出现，该段 最后一句提到，这种对于美丽和性感的关注
“事实上摧毁了任何可能有助于改变这种风气的意识和行动”。 由此可知，题干是对原文
的同义转述，故答案为[I]。题干中的too much concern on appearance对应原文中 的
focus on beauty and desirability。
53. [E]。题干意为，研究人员发现如果一个女人的身材比例和芭比娃娃一样，那么她最
终会死于营养不良。 注意抓住题干中的关键词Barbie-doll proportions和die from
malnutrition。文章段落中，只有[E]段提到了芭 比娃娃，该段第三句提到，如果一个女人的
身材真是那样(有着芭比娃娃的身材比例)的话，她将会患上慢 性腹泻并最终死于营养不良。
由此可知，题干对原文做了同义改写，故答案为[E]。
54. [G]。题干意为，几年来魁北克杂志坚持在其时尚页面上刊登正常身材的女性形象，
以抵制 这种潮流。注意抓住题干中的关键词The Quebec magazine Coup de 和
11consistently including fUll-sized women。文章段落中，提及魁北克杂志Coup de )ou(e
坚持刊登正常身材的女性形象的内容在[G]段出现， 该段前两句提到，杂志业有人正在努力
抵制这种潮流。几年来魁北克杂志Coup de )ou(e坚持在其时尚页面 上刊登正常身材的女
性形象。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[G]。题干中的resists对应原 文中
的buck(抵制，反抗)。
55. [B]。题干意为，根据一些分析家的观点，将美丽的标准强加到女性身上的根本原因
是经济利益。注意抓 住题干中的关键词fundamental reason、standards of beauty和
economic profits。文章段落中，论及将美丽的标 准强加到女性身上的根本原因的内容在
[B]段出现，该段前两句提到，为什么会把美丽的标准强加到女性 身上，而大多数女性生来
就比模特要胖要成熟?一些分析家认为，根源在于经济利益。由此可知，题干是对 原文的同
义转述，故答案为[B]。题干中的fundamental reason和原文中的roots对应。
12
