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十四种题型做题技巧----Ture/False/Not given(是非题)
1． 解题步骤
STEP 1：定位，找出题目在原文中的出处。
（1）找出题目中的关键词， 最好先定位到原文中的一个段落。
（2）从头到尾快速阅读该段落，根据题目中的其它关键词，在原文中找出与题目相关的一句或几句话。
（3）仔细阅读这一句话或几句话，根据第二大步中的原则和规律，确定正确答案。
（4）要注意顺序性，即题目的顺序和原文的顺序基本一致。
STEP 2：判断，根据下列原则和规律，确定正确答案。
2． True的特点
（1）题目是原文的同义表达。通常用同义词或同义结构。
例 1
原文：Few are more than five years old.
译文：很少有超过五年的。
题目：Most are less than five years old.
译文：大多数都小于五年。
例 2
原文：Frogs are losing the ecological battle for survival, and biologists are at a loss to
explain their demise.
译文：青蛙失去了生存下来的生态竞争能力，生物学家不能解释它们的死亡。
题目：Biologists are unable to explain why frogs are dying.
译文：生物学家不能解释为什么青蛙死亡。
解释：题目中的 are unable to 与原文中的 are a t a loss to 是同义词，题目中的 why frogs are dying
与原文中的 thei r demise 是同义词，所以答案应为 True 。
（2）题目是根据原文中的几句话做出推断或归纳。不推断不行，但有时有些同学会走入另一个极端，即自行
推理或过度推理。
例 1
原文：Compare our admission inclusive fare and see how much you save. Cheapest is
not the best and value for money is guaranteed. If you compare our bargain
Daybreak fares, beware--------most of our competitors do not offer an all inclusive fare.
译文：比较我们包含的费用会看到你省了很多钱。最便宜的不是最好的。如果你比较我们的价格，会发现绝
大多数的竞争对手不提供一揽子费用。
题目：Daybreak fares are more expensive than most of their competitors.
译文：Daybreak的费用比绝大多数的竞争对手都昂贵。
解释：虽然文章没有直接提到的费用比绝大多数的竞争对手都昂贵。但从原文几句话中可以推断出
Daybreak 和绝大多数的竞争对手相比，收费更高，但服务的项目要更全。与题目的意思一致，所以答案应
为 True 。
例 2
原文：For example, it has been demonstrated that rapid response leads to a greater
likelihood of arrest only if responses are in the order of 1-2 minutes after a call is received
by the police. When response times increase to 3-4 minutes ------still quite a rapid
response-------the likelihood of an arrest is substantially reduced.
译文：例如，只有反应时间在警察接到电话之后1-2分钟，快速反应才会使抓住罪犯的可能性更大。当反应
时间增加到3-4分钟，仍然是非常快的反应，抓住罪犯的可能性就实质性的降低。
1题目：A response delay of 1-2 minutes may have substantial influence on whether or not a
suspected criminal is caught.
译文：1-2分钟的反应延迟会对嫌疑犯是否被抓住产生实质性的影响。
解释：从原文的两句话可以推断出： 1-2 分钟，抓住罪犯的可能性很大， 3-4 分钟，可能性就实质性的降低。
所以， 1-2 分钟的反应延迟会对嫌疑犯是否被抓住产生实质性的影响，答案应为 Ture 。
▲更多例子
例 1
题目：First attempts at migratory beekeeping in America were unsuccessful.
原文：American beekeepers experimented with the same idea,moving bees on barges along
the Mississippi and on waterways in Florida,but their lighter,woodern hives kept falling into
the water.
（注意：两句中划线部分的逻辑意义。）
例 2
题目：In the past,many port cities did more trade within their own country than with
overseas ports.
原文：What evidence we have suggests that domestic trade was greater at all periods than
external trade.
（注意：两句中划线部分的比较意义是否一致。）
例3
题目：Parking in Halls of Residence is handled by the Wardens of the Halls.
原文：A University permit does not entitle them to park in Hall car parks however,unless
authorized by the Warden of the Hall concerned.
（注意：两句中划线部分的肯定或否定意义是否一致。）
例 4
题目：STA Travel help finance the Students Adviser.
原文：International Students House now provides the service of an International Students
Adviser.
（注意：两句中划线部分肯定意义的一致性。）
3． False的特点
（1）题目与原文直接相反。通常用反义词、not加同义词及反义结构。no longer / not any more / not /
by no means …对比used to do sth. / until recently /as was once the case
例 1
原文：A species becomes extinct when the last individual dies.
译文：当最后一个个体死亡时，一个物种就灭亡了。
题目：A species is said to be extinct when only one individual exists.
译文：当只有一个个体存活时，一个物种就被说是灭亡了。
解释：可以看出题目与原文是反义结构。原文说一个物种死光光，才叫灭绝，而题目说还有一个个体存活，就
叫灭绝，题目与原文直接相反，所以答案应为 False 。
例 2
原文：It has been successfully used in the United States to provide input into resource
exploitation decisions and assist wildlife managers and there is now enormous potential for
using population viability to assist wildlife management in Australia's forests.
译文：在美国它已经成功地用于支持资源开发和帮助野生生命研究管理者。现在，在使用它对澳大利亚的森
林中的野生生物管理上有巨大的潜力。
2题目：PVA has been used in Australia for many years.
译文：PVA已经在澳大利亚使用多年了。
解释：原文说 PVA 在澳大利亚的研究中有巨大的潜力，即刚刚开始。题目说在澳大利亚已经使用多年，所以
题目与原文是反义结构，答案应为 False 。
（2）原文是多个条件并列，题目是其中一个条件（出现must或only）原文是两个或多个情形（通常是两种
情形）都可以，常有both…and、and、or及also等词。以及various / varied / variety / different /
diversified / versatile等表示多样性的词汇。题目是“必须”或“只有”或是“单一”其中一个情况，
常有must及only / sole / one / single等词。
例 1
原文：Booking in advance is strongly recommended as all Daybreak tours are subject to
demand. Subject to availability, stand by tickets can be purchased from the driver.
译文：提前预定是强烈建议的，因为所有的Daybreak旅行都是由需求决定的。如果还有票的话，可直接向
司机购买。
题目：Tickets must be bought in advance from an authorized Daybreak agent.
译文：票必须提前从一个认证的代理处购买。
解释：原文是提前预定、直接向司机购买都可以，是多个条件的并列。题目是必须提前预定，是必须其中一个
情况。所以答案应为 False 。
例 2
原文：Since the Winter Games began, 55 out of 56 gold medals in the men's Nordic skiing
events have been won by competitors from Scandinavia or the former Soviet Union.
译文：自从冬奥会开始，在男子越野滑雪项目中的56块中的55块金牌被来自北欧和前苏联的选手获得。
题目：Only Scandinavians have won gold medals in the men's winter Olympics.
译文：只有北欧人获得了冬运会男子越野滑雪项目中的金牌。
解释：原文是北欧人和前苏联的选手获得了金牌，而且是获得了 56 中的 55 块，还有 1 块不知道被谁获得。
题目是只有北欧人获得了金牌。所以答案应为 False 。
（3）原文强调是一种“理论(theory)”, “感觉(felt)”，“倾向性(trend / look at the possibilities
of)”，“期望或是预测(it is predicted / expected / anticipated that)”等词。而题目强调是一种
“事实”，常有real / truth / fact / prove等词。
例 1
原文：But generally winter sports were felt to be too specialized.
译文：但一般来说，冬季项目被感觉是很专门化的。
题目：The Antwerp Games proved that winter sports were too specialized.
译文：Antwerp运动会证明冬季项目是很专门化的。
解释：原文中有 fee l ，强调是“感觉”。题目中有 prove ，强调是“事实”。所以答案应为 False 。
例 2
原文：Another theory is that worldwide temperature increases are upsetting the breeding
cycles of frogs.
译文：另一种理论是世界范围温度的升高破坏了青蛙的生长循环。
题 目 ： It is a fact that frogs' breeding cycles are upset by worldwide increases in
temperature.
译文：一个事实是青蛙的生长循环被世界范围温度的升高所破坏。
解释：原文中有 theory ，强调是“理论”。题目中有 fac t ，强调是“事实”。所以答案应为为 False 。
（4）原文和题目中使用了表示不同程度、范围、频率、可能性的词。原文中常用typical、odds、 many（很
多）、sometimes（有时）及unlikely（不太可能）等词。题目中常用special 、impossible、 al（l 全部）、
3usually（通常）、always（总是）、及impossible（完全不可能）等词。
例 1
原文：Frogs are sometimes poisonous.
译文：青蛙有时是有毒的。
题目：Frogs are usually poisonous.
译文：青蛙通常是有毒的。
解释：原文中有 sometimes ，强调是“有时”。题目中有 usually ，强调是“通常”。所以答案应为 False 。
例 2
原文：Without a qualification from a reputable school or university, it is unlikely to find a goo
d job.
译文：不是毕业于著名学校的人不太可能找到一个好的工作。
题目：It is impossible to get a good job without a qualification from a respected institution.
译文：不是毕业于著名学校的人找到一个好的工作是完全不可能的。
解释：原文中有 unlikely ，强调是“不太可能”。题目中有 impossible ，强调是“完全不可能”。所以答案
应为 False 。
▲可能 VS 绝对
可能: possible / probable / likely / may / maybe / seemingly / somewhat / apparently /
seems / appears / perhaps / not necessarily / chances / odds / presumably / almost …
绝 对 : always / definitely / absolutely / irrefutably/ assuredly / indisputably /
undeniably / certainly / invariably /unarguably / inevitably / without question …
（5）情况原文中包含条件状语，题目中去掉条件成份。原文中包含条件状语，如if、unless或if not也
可能是用介词短语表示条件状语如in,with,but for或exept for。题目中去掉了这些表示条件状语的成
份。这时，答案应为False。
例 1
原文：The Internet has often been criticized by the media as a hazardous tool in the hands o
f
young computer users.
译文：Internet通常被媒体指责为是年轻的计算机用户手中的危险工具。
题目：The media has often criticized the Internet because it is dangerous.
译文：媒体经常指责Internet ，因为它是危险的。
解释：原文中有表示条件状语的介词短语 in the hands o f young compute r users , 题目将其去掉了。所
以答案应为 False 。
（6）出现以下词汇，题目中却没有说明。 less obviously / less likely / less possible
▲更多例子
例 1
题目：There will be a surcharge for accommodation over the Christmas period.
原文：Even come and stay——the House will be offering reduced accommodation rates for
students wishing to spend a few days in London over Christmas.
（注意：两句中划线部分肯定与否定的矛盾。）
例2
题目：Rapid response is considered desirable in handling cases of burglary.
原文：When someone rings the police after discovering their TV set has been stolen from
their home,there is little point,in terms of identifying those responsible for the crime,in
ensuring a very rapid response.It is common in such burglary or theft cases that the victim
4discovers the crime hours,days,even weeks after it has occurred.
（注意：两句中划线部分肯定与否定意义的矛盾。）
例 3
题目：Parents save time and money by driving children to school.
原 文 ： There are very significant time and money costs for parents associated with
transporting their children to school,sport and to other locations .
（注意：两句中划线部分，题目与原句对应处表现为题目中并列成份的缺失。）
例 4
题目：Mintel have limited their investigation to professional and managerial groups.
原文：Mintel’s survey,…,although this percentage is higher among women,managerial and
professional groups and those aged 35 to 44.
（注意：两句中划线部分，题目与原句对应处表现为题目中并列成份的缺失。）
例5
题目：Approximately one third of deleted fishing groups are in developing countries.
原文：One in three is deleted or heavily overexploited,almost all in the developed countries.
（注意：两句中划线部分，题目与原句对应处表现为题目中并列成份的缺失。）
4． Not Given的特点
（1）题目中的某些内容在原文中没有提及。题目中的某些内容在原文中找不到依据。
（2）题目中涉及的范围小于原文涉及的范围，也就是更具体。原文涉及一个较大范围的范筹，而题目是一个
具体概念。也就是说，题目中涉及的范围比原文要小。
例1
原文：Our computer club provides printer.
译文：我们计算机俱乐部提供打印机。
题目：Our computer club provides color printer.
译文：我们计算机俱乐部提供彩色打印机。
解释：题目中涉及的概念“”比原文中涉及的概念“”要小。换句话说，计算机俱乐部提供打印机，但是是
彩色还是黑白的，不知道或有可能，文章中没有给出进一步的信息。所以答案应为 No t Given 。
例2
原文：Tourists in Cyprus come mainly from Europe.
译文：到塞浦路斯旅游的游客主要来自欧洲。
题目：Tourists in Cyprus come mainly from the UK.
译文：到塞浦路斯旅游的游客主要来英国。
解释：题目中涉及的概念“ UK” 比原文中涉及的概念“ Europe” 要小。原文只说到塞浦路斯旅游的游客主要
来自欧洲，有可能主要来自英国，也可能主要来自欧洲的其他国家，文章中没给出进一步的信息。所以答案
应为 No t Given 。
（3）原文是某人的目标、目的、想法、愿望、保证、发誓等，题目是事实。原文中常用aim / goal /
promise / swear / vow / pledge / oath / resolve等词。题目中用实意动词。
例 1
原文：He vowed he would never come back..
译文：他发誓他将永不回来。
题目：He never came back..
译文：他没再回来。
解释：原文中说他发誓将永不回来，但实际怎么样，不知道。也可能他违背了自己的誓言。所以答案应为 No t
Given 。
5例2
原文：His aim was to bring together, once every four years, athletes from all countries on
the friendly fields of amateur sport.
译文：他的目的是把各国的运动员每四年一次聚集到友好的业余运动的赛场上。
题目：Only amateur athletes are allowed to compete in the modern Olympics.
译文：只有业余运动员被允许在现代奥运会中竞争。
解释：原文中用 aim 表示“目的”，题目中用实意动词表示“事实”。把各国的运动员聚集到友好的业余运
动的赛场上，这只是创建者的目的，实际情况如何，文章中没说，所以答案应为 No t Given 。
（4）原文中没有比较级，题目中有比较级。
例1
原文：In Sydney, a vast array of ethnic and local restaurants can be found to suit all palates
and pockets.
译文：在悉尼，有各种各样的餐馆。
题目：There is now a greater variety of restaurants to choose from in Sydney than in the pas
t.
译文：现在有更多种类的餐馆可供选择。
解释：原文中提到了悉尼有各种各样的餐馆，但并没有与过去相比，所以答案应为 No t Given 。
（5）原文中是虚拟 would / even if ，题目中却是事实。（虚拟语气看到当作没有看到）
（6）原文中是具体的数据事例，而题目中却把它扩大化，规律化。
▲更多例子
例 1
题目：Fish farming can cause environmental destruction.
原文：Fish farming tends to damage coastline.
（注意：两句中划线部分，题目中的成份在原文中没有涉及。）
例 2
题目：The Egyptians keep bees on the banks of the Nile.
原文：The ancient Egyptians moved clay hives,probably on rafts,down the Nile to follow the
bloom and nectar flow as it moved toward Cairo.
（注意：题目中划线部分在原文对应处没有涉及。）
例3
题目：The rise in the female workforce in the European Community is a postitive trend.
原文：In a five-year period between 1983 and 1988 the Community’s female workforce grew
by almost six million.
（注意：题目中划线部分在原文对应处没有涉及。）
5． NOTICE
（1）要注意题目要求答什么。
同是是非题，有时题目要求考生答Ture/False/Not Given，有时要求答T/F/NG，有时又要求考生答Yes/N
o/Not Given，必须按照要求去做，否则，本来判断正确，因为不符合要求而失分，很可惜。避免答错的一个
方法是：在平常练习中就按照题目的要求去答，而不是随心所欲。
（2）题目中若出现must、only、all及always，答案一般不会是Ture。
A.P: various / versatile / complete Q: only A: FALSE
B.P: A+B+C Q: only A / B / C A: FALSE
C.P: A Q: only A A: NOT GIVEN
（3）注意时间及数字表达方式
6P: The introduction of the WEB in the 1990 allowed not only texts links to be
made but also graphs,images and even video.
Q: The internet was created in the 1990s.
A: FALSE
P: 1981, less than ten years later the frogs had completely vanished.
Q: The frogs became extinct by 1991.
A: TRUE
P: Unfortunately, this freak of nature is not the only frog species to have been lost in
Australia. Since 1970s, no less than eight others have suffered the same fate.
Q: Eight frog species have become extinct so far in Australia.
A: FALSE
5． 专项练习
1. P: Frogs are losing the ecological battle for survival, and biologists are at a loss to
explain their demise.
Q: Biologists are unable to explain why frogs are dying.
2. P: In fact, it would be true to say that both parties consist of conservative, moderate
and radical elements, and therefore the general public is often perplexed about
which party to vote for.
Q: Some Australian voters are confused about who to vote for.
3. P: It has been demonstrated that rapid response leads to a greater likelihood of arrest
only if responses are in the order of 1-2 minutes after a call is received by the
police. When response times increase to 3-4 minutes—still quite a rapid response—
the likelihood of an arrest is substantially reduced.
Q: A response delay of 1-2 minutes may have substantial influence on whether or
not a suspected criminal is caught.
4. P: Almost all the 200 fisheries monitored by the FAO are fully exploited. One in three is
depleted or heavily overexploited, almost all in the developed countries.
Q: Approximately one third of depleted fishing grounds are in developing
countries.
5. P: While this includes complex kingdoms, as in Africa, and ancient empires, such as
those of the Americas, the primary focus of attention in the twentieth century
collections has been on small-scale societies.
Q: The twentieth-century collections come mainly from mainstream societies
such as the US and Europe.
6. P: Even in wet areas once teeming with frogs and toads, it is becoming less and less
easy to find those slimy, hopping and sometimes poisonous members of the
animal kingdom.
Q: Frogs and toads are usually poisonous.
77. P: Almost everyone with or without a computer is aware of the latest technological
revolution destined to change forever the way in which humans communicate,
namely, the Information Superhighway
Q: Everyone is aware of the Information Superhighway.
8. P: Pubs are the venue for smaller modern bands, while the big-name popular music
artists, both local and international, attract capacity audiences at the huge
Entertainment Centre in the heart of the city.
Q: The Entertainment Centre is only for international popular music artists who
attract large audiences.
9. P: Initially, students and other users will have to purchase a Prepaid Services Card from
a teller machine located in the Library or B Block Computer Labs.
Q: You can only buy a Prepaid Services Card at the library.
10. P: A recent survey carried out in 1988 by Britain’s Equal Opportunities Commission
（EOC ）revealed that 78% of sharers were female, the majority of whom were
between the ages of 20 and 40.
Q: The majority of male job sharers are between 20 and 40 years of age.
11. P: The Labor Party was formed early in the twentieth century to safeguard the interests
of the common working man and to give the trade unions political representation
in Parliament.
Q: The Labor Party was formed by the trade unions.
12. P: The 57 square kilometer Sydney Harbor is one of the largest in the world.
Q: Sydney Harbor is the largest in the world.
13. P: Thus, for instance, at the last election there was the No Aircraft Noise Party, popular
in city areas, and the Green Party, which is almost solely concerned with
environmental issues.
Q: The No-Aircraft-Noise Party is only popular in the city.
14．P: In Sydney, a vast array of ethnic and local restaurants can be found to suit all
palates and pockets.
Q: There is now a greater variety of restaurants to choose from in Sydney than in
the past.
15. P: Tourists come mainly from Europe.
Q: Tourists come mainly from the UK.
16. P: Many lecturers find their jobs very rewarding.
Q: The majority of lecturers get satisfaction from their work.
817. P: Good health is something that people assume is a right to which everybody should
be entitled.
Q: Nearly everybody believes good health is a basic human right.
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