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北京市朝阳区 2024-2025 学年度第一学期期中质量检测
高三英语试卷
2024.11
(考试时间90分钟 满分100分)
本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分 知识运用 (共两节，30分)
第一节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在
答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My 10-year-old son Egbert was a picky eater - he only ate chicken nuggets and yogurt - and unwilling to try
new things. According to him, it’s because he has phobias, including heights and the dark. I was hoping to find a
way to ____1____ him without using old sayings like “If you don’t try it, you’ll never know if you like it.” So before
our skiing trip to Los Angeles, I ___2___ a rule: we would say yes to everything, including new foods and
experiences.
We said yes from the beginning of our trip. At the airport café, Egbert began by trying new foods like vegetable
meatballs. ___3___, he rated it as “not bad”. The next day in the snowboarding school, despite the fear of heights,
Egbert challenged himself to learn how to ride a chairlift. After skiing, we were both cold and wet, and Egbert
suggested the outdoor hot tub (浴缸). Though it would be a completely new experience for us, I ___4___ it together
with him and the experience proved to be a delight. I felt ___5___ of myself for trying something new.
On our summer holidays, we continued the ___6___ of saying yes. At the competition in Cody, Wyoming,
neither of my son and I ___7___ when we were invited onto the field to join in the horse racing. Though we came
back without prizes, we were both laughing, sweaty and ___8___. I know it’s a moment we’ll never forget.
Therein lies the ___9___ of saying yes on vacation: it pushes us out of our comfort zone, though it’s not always
possible to say yes to everything in our daily life. Developing a sense of ____10____ helps us live life to the fullest - even
if we sometimes wind up cold and wet.
1. A. warn B. award C. order D. encourage
2. A. broke B. set C. changed D. remembered
3. A. Strangely B. Clearly C. Undoubtedly D. Surprisingly
4. A. braved B. adjusted C. missed D. discussed5. A. afraid B. proud C. nervous D. respectful
6. A. tradition B. lesson C. trend D. celebration
7. A. cared B. agreed C. panicked D. hesitated
8. A. puzzled B. touched C. excited D. disappointed
9. A. risk B. beauty C. cost D. duty
10. A. devotion B. identity C. adventure D. happiness
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者为了鼓励儿子尝试新事物，在一次滑雪旅行中制定了一
个“对一切说‘是’”的规则，并通过亲身体验来激励儿子克服恐惧和尝试新事物的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我希望能找到一个方法来鼓励他，而不是使用像“如果你不尝试，你永远不会
知道你是否会喜欢它”这样的老话。A. warn警告；B. award奖励；C. order命令；D. encourage鼓励。根据
上文“My 10-year-old son Egbert was a picky eater - he only ate chicken nuggets and yogurt - and unwilling to try
new things. (我的10岁儿子Egbert是个挑食者——他只吃鸡块和酸奶——而且不愿意尝试新事物。)”可知，
作者希望找到一种方法来激励儿子尝试新事物。故选D。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，在我们去洛杉矶滑雪之前，我设定了一个规则：我们会对一切说“是”，
包括新食物和新体验。A. broke打破；B. set设定；C. changed改变；D. remembered记住。根据下文“a
rule: we would say yes to everything”可知，作者设定了一个规则。故选B。
【3题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，他评价说“还不错”。A. Strangely奇怪地；B. Clearly清楚地；
C. Undoubtedly毫无疑问地；D. Surprisingly令人惊讶地。根据下文“he rated it as “not bad””可知，挑剔的
儿子尝试新食物后的反应令人吃惊。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然这将是我们完全新 的体验，但我还是和他一起尝试了，并且这次经历证明
是非常愉快的。A. braved勇敢地面对；B. adjusted调整；C. missed错过；D. discussed讨论。根据下文
“the experience proved to be a delight.”可知，作者和儿子勇敢地面对尝试新事物。故选A。
【5题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我为自己尝试新事物感到自豪。A. afraid害怕的；B. proud自豪的；C.
nervous紧张的；D. respectful尊敬的。根据下文“of myself for trying something new.”可知，作者对自己尝试新事物感到自豪，be proud of“因……而自豪”。故选B。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们的暑假中，我们继续坚持说“是”的传统。A. tradition传统；B. lesson
教训；C. trend趋势；D. celebration庆祝。根据上文“We said yes from the beginning of our trip.”可知，作
者和儿子把说“是”变成一种传统。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在怀俄明州科迪的比赛场上，当被邀请加入骑马比赛时，我和儿子都没有犹豫。
A. cared关心；B. agreed同意；C. panicked惊慌；D. hesitated犹豫。根据上文“we continued the ___6___ of
saying yes”可知，作者和儿子继续尝试新事物，没有犹豫就接受了骑马比赛的邀请。故选D。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们没有赢得奖品，但我们都在笑，满身大汗，非常兴奋。A. puzzled
困惑的；B. touched感动的；C. excited兴奋的；D. disappointed失望的。根据上文“we were both laughing,
sweaty”可知，他们玩得很开心，感觉很兴奋。故选C。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是在度假时说“是”的美丽之处：它将我们推出舒适区，尽管并不是总能
对日常生活中一切都说“是”。A. risk冒险；B. beauty美好；C. cost成本；D. duty职责。根据下文“it
pushes us out of our comfort zone, though it’s not always possible to say yes to everything in our daily life.”可知，
这里指的是说“是”的美好之处。故选B。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：培养一种冒险精神有助于我们充分体验生活——即使有时我们会又冷又湿。A.
devotion奉献；B. identity身份；C. adventure冒险；D. happiness幸福。结合全文，文章主要讲作者鼓励儿
子尝试新事物，培养他敢于冒险的精神。故选C。
第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
The Chinese delegation (代表团) concluded the 2024 Paris Olympics with a remarkable achievement of 40 gold
medals. 404 athletes ____11____ participated in 232 events across 30 sports won a total of 91 medals. This represents
a ____12____ (significance) breakthrough — Chinese athletes have demonstrated huge potential in sports where
we have been late starters, while holding the leading position in events such as diving and table tennis. The Paris
Olympics provided a global platform for China ____13____ (show) its sportsmanship, confidence and openness.【答案】11. who
12. significant
13. to show
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国代表团在2024年巴黎奥运会上的优异表现和成就。
【11题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：404名运动员参加了30个大项中的232个小项比赛，共获得了91枚奖牌。空处引导
限制性定语从句，修饰先行词athletes。先行词指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导
该从句。故填who。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这代表了一个重要的突破——中国运动员在我们起步较晚的项目中展现了巨大的潜力，
同时在跳水和乒乓球等项目中保持领先地位。空处需要形容词修饰后面的名词作定语。significance的形容
词形式为significant“重要的”。故填significant。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：巴黎奥运会为中国提供了一个向世界展示其体育精神、自信和开放的全球平台。
provide a platform for sb. to do sth.“为某人提供做某事的平台”，不定式作后置定语。故填to show。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Recently, I attended a high school reunion. As I walked into the room, a rush of emotions overcame me. Faces
that I hadn’t seen in years ____14____ (smile) back at me. Memories of carefree days in our youth flooded back.
We recalled the classes, the sports events and the tricks. ____15____ that wonderful evening, we talked about our
dreams we had at that time and ____16____ life had unfolded since. We reconnected with old friends, ____17____
(realize) that the bonds of high school still held strong.
【答案】14. were smiling
15. On 16. how
17. realizing
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者参加高中同学聚会时回忆起青春岁月，与老友重聚的情
景。
【14题详解】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：多年未见的面孔对我微笑。根据As I walked into the room可知，空处
描述过去某个时间正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，句子主语Faces为复数名词，be动词用were。故填
were smiling。
【15题详解】
考查介词。句意：在那个美好的晚上，我们谈论了当时的梦想以及自那以后生活是如何展开的。表示具体
某一天的晚上，应用介词on，位于句首首字母大写。故填On。
【16题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意同上。空处引导宾语从句，应用连接副词how“如何，怎样”表达“生活是如何展
开”，在宾语从句中作状语。故填how。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们与老朋友重新建立了联系，意识到高中的纽带依然坚固。空处在句中作非谓
语，动词realize与句子主语We构成主动关系，故用现在分词的形式作状语。故填realizing。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Now hundreds of Baidu’s Apollo Go robotaxis are operating on the streets of Wuhan, Hubei province. These
vehicles, ____18____(equip) with Baidu’s latest technology to keep safe, have become popular. People are attracted
by the competitive price offers and good service. And new job ____19____(opportunity) will come with the rising
demand for robotaxis, such as cleaning and repairing. However, robotaxis have also raised people’s concerns. Thus,
more efforts____20____(require) to enhance self-driving testing and related technology.
【答案】18. equipped
19. opportunities
20. are required
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，数百辆百度的Apollo Go机器人出租车在湖北武汉的街道上运行，这些车辆
受到了广泛欢迎，但是它们的出现也引起了人们的担忧。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些装备了百度最新的安全技术的车辆已经变得很受欢迎。句子的谓语为have
become，空为非谓语作状语，vehicles与equip构成逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词。故填equipped。
【19题详解】考查名词。句意：新的工作机会将随着对机器人出租车（如清洁和修理）需求的增加而出现。opportunity
为可数名词，空处作主语，用名词复数形式表示泛指。故填opportunities。
【20题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：因此，需要更多的努力来加强自动驾驶测试和相关技术。空处作谓语，
efforts与require构成逻辑上的被动关系，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态。主语为复数。故
填are required。
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该
项涂黑。
A
Disinformation, which is false information spread on purpose, has become a cause of concern recently. In
response to this rising global threat, the United Nations Information Centre (UNIC) Canberra and its partners will be
organizing a two-day conference, DISINFO PACIFIC, on November 11 and 12, 2024.
The conference will focus on strategies for preventing and reducing disinformation, as well as applying best
practices to address this global challenge. It aims to provide a forum (论坛) for journalists, social media experts,
educators, researchers, policy-makers and communications professionals, from within and outside the UN.
Currently, we are in search of social media volunteers to provide online assistance for this conference.
Requirements:
· Outstanding oral and written communication skills
· Professional graphic (绘图的) design experience
· Prior involvement in designing document layouts
· In-depth familiarity with graphic design apps
· Working knowledge of the English language
Note: A degree in graphic design or a related field is considered a plus.
Responsibilities:
· Developing a comprehensive social media release plan
· Assisting in choosing the right types of media and updating conference information on a daily basis
· Working together with our communications team to create social media activities according to agreed
requirements
· Developing a series of social media resources once the final concept is agreed upon, with a particular focus ona youth (university level) student audience
Join us now as a social media volunteer and help build a future with less disinformation. You will also have the
opportunity to build connections with the UNIC Canberra and its partners and learn about the ways in which social
media communication can support the promotion of a conference centering on disinformation.
Find out more at https://app.unv.org/opportunities.
21. According to the passage, volunteers should .
A. hold a degree in graphic design
B. be able to develop graphic design apps
C. have a great communicative competence
D. be as fluent in English as native speakers
22. If selected, volunteers will .
A. release a UNIC work plan B. help design social media activities
C. evaluate the final concept D. provide weekly media updates
23. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To promote a conference. B. To seek online volunteers.
C. To highlight a global threat. D. To introduce an organization.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了联合国信息中心堪培拉分部组织的DISINFO PACIFIC会议，
招募社交媒体志愿者的要求和职责。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Requirements:部分“Outstanding oral and written communication skills(出色的口头和
书面沟通技巧)”可知，志愿者应具备良好的沟通能力。故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Responsibilities:部分“Working together with our communications team to create social
media activities according to agreed requirements(与我们的通讯团队合作，根据商定的要求创建社交媒体活
动)”可知，志愿者将会帮助设计社交媒体活动。故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。结合全文及文章第三段“Currently, we are in search of social media volunteers to provide online
assistance for this conference.(目前，我们正在寻找社交媒体志愿者，为此次会议提供在线支持)”可知，本
篇文章的主要目的是为DISINFO PACIFIC会议招募在线志愿者。故选B。B
I’m walking around the house with a severe limp (跛行) and actively second-guessing every decision I’ ve
.
ever made That can only mean one thing: I just ran my one race for the year.
The 7-mile race is in my hometown in Illinois, and I’ ve been doing it almost every year since I was a 12-year-
old boy. I reached my peak about 15 years ago and have been performing poorly ever since.
Why do I keep going if I no longer enjoy it and am getting worse every year? Tradition, mostly. Besides, I
don’t dislike the whole race, just the running part. I like seeing all the running club members I’ ve known since
childhood, and I love the free beer afterward. Running is just a minor block on the way to the good stuff.
That day, I was accompanied to the race by a group of three extremely in-shape people. We all live in the
same Indianapolis suburb. These guys bike and run countless miles, often in the same day. One has done dozens of
Spartan Races, which require the player to crawl through mud, flip tires and throw spears. Another is training for a
triathlon (三项全能运动). In addition to being faster than me on foot, in the water and on wheels, he can also
outlift me.
I didn’t hold much hope for the race— no one puts less pressure on me than me. Between miles 4 and 5, I felt
so good that I wondered why I only do this once a year. Then I hit mile 6, and my body warned me. I pushed
myself until I had a mile left, at which point my legs decided they were done. Determination and a can-do attitude
are no match for gravity and distance. Exhausted, I slowly made my way to the finishing line.
Still, I can honestly say I gave everything I had. My slow, plodding (步履艰难的) finish was actually a
victory that proves I gave it my all. I don’t need a huge cup to honor my heroic performance. My aching knee is
enough of a souvenir.
A day later, even as my entire body tells me I’m an idiot, I can’t help but feel that the race was a success. I’ve
decided to keep doing this race as long as my legs can support me.
24. The author ran the race because .
A. he wanted to keep the old custom B. he wanted to compete with friends
C. he intended to build up his body D. he enjoyed long-distance running
25. Why did the author mention the in-shape people?
A. To give his reason for low self-expectation.
B. To show his envy of their athletic abilities.
C. To emphasize his strong will to win the race.
D. To express his confidence in finishing the race.
26. What do we know about the author during the race?A. He struggled from beginning to end.
B. He broke his leg at the finishing line.
C. He experienced pressure from himself.
D. He pushed himself to the limits to make it.
27. How did the author feel after the race?
A. Surprised. B. Satisfied. C. Regretful. D. Grateful.
【答案】24. A 25. A 26. D 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者自己坚持参加每年在家乡举办的7英里赛跑的经历，尽管跑
步过程艰难且成绩不佳，但因传统、赛后社交及免费啤酒等因素，他依然视其为一种乐趣并决定继续参加。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Why do I keep going if I no longer enjoy it and am getting worse every year?
Tradition, mostly.( 如果我不再喜欢它，而且成绩一年比一年差，我为什么还要继续下去呢？主要是，传
统。)”可知，作者参加比赛是因为他想保持旧习俗。故选A。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“These guys bike and run countless miles, often in the same day. One has done
dozens of Spartan Races, which require the player to crawl through mud, flip tires and throw spears. Another is
training for a triathlon (三项全能运动). In addition to being faster than me on foot, in the water and on wheels, he
can also outlift me.( 这些人日复一日地骑行和跑步，里程数多达数百公里。其中一人已经完成了数十场斯
巴达勇士赛，这些比赛要求参赛者穿越泥潭，翻转轮胎和投掷长矛。还有一个人正在为一场铁人三项赛做
准备。除了在陆地、水域和骑行方面比我跑得快，他还能比我举得更重。)”可知，作者描述了这些人与他
的不同之处，比如他们骑行和跑步的距离更长，参加过斯巴达比赛，训练铁人三项等，这些都表明他们比
作者更有运动能力。因此，作者提到这些人是为了给自己的低期望找到合理的解释。故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“Then I hit mile 6, and my body warned me. I pushed myself until I had a mile left,
at which point my legs decided they were done.(当我跑到6英里时，我的身体发出了警告。我逼着自己，直到
我还剩一英里，这时我的腿觉得不行了。)”以及“Determination and a can-do attitude are no match for
gravity and distance. Exhausted, I slowly made my way to the finishing line.(决心和“我能行”的态度战胜不了
重力和距离。我筋疲力尽，慢慢地向终点线走去。)”可知，作者拼尽全力完成比赛，直到最后一英里腿已
经无法再跑下去，因此可以得知作者在比赛中竭尽全力。故选D。
【27题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“My slow, plodding (步履艰难的) finish was actually a victory that proves I
gave it my all. I don’t need a huge cup to honor my heroic performance. My aching knee is enough of a souvenir.(
我缓慢、步履艰难的完赛实际上是一场胜利，证明了我付出了我的一切。我不需要一个巨大的杯子来纪念
我的英雄事迹。我疼痛的膝盖足以作为纪念。)”可知，尽管作者身体疼痛，但作者仍然认为比赛是成功的，
因为他已经竭尽全力，故推断作者在比赛结束后是十分满意的。故选B。
C
A species can be termed temporarily “lost” after not being sighted for a decade, but researchers still hope to find
it again eventually. In 2023, that hope led to the rediscovery of Attenborough’s echidna, unseen for half a century.
Inspired, Thomas Evans and his team have created a database of 856 lost and 424 rediscovered species.
The database keeps growing faster than explorers can keep up with, despite increasingly advanced technologies
for tracing unseen creatures reaching an expertise level. The study indicates many rediscovered species appear to
follow a rather similar trend: they are big, appealing mammals or birds tending to live near humans and in more-
developed countries. Thus, Evans says if an animal is up to snuff but continues to be out of researchers’ sight after
long searches, it’s probably gone forever. On the contrary, animals that don’t exhibit the pattern for easy rediscovery
are very much alive out there. “Because they are generally difficult to come across and are therefore met with less
exploratory attention, in most cases, small, unattractive species are more likely to be seemingly extinct but still alive,”
Evans says.
Evans hopes such details will help conservationists like Christina Biggs, who has been drawing upon a list of
25 “most wanted” species for Texas-based charity Re: wild since 2017. “Currenuly, Re: wild is finalizing its 2024
search lists, using the study’s results. We have to make hard decisions on where to put our money, and Evans’s
research helps to direct us,” says Biggs.
But is it always in a lost species’ best interest to be found? After a rediscovery, it can take months to secure an
area from hunters or tourists. “In publicizing something you’ve rediscovered, you’re publicizing a food source for
hunters,” says biologist James Kempton. Biggs notes, however, rediscoveries often strengthen protection efforts.
When a species is rediscovered, protected areas will be made possible. Biggs adds that for some hard- to-find species,researchers could use Evans’s study to decide if a creature is likely still alive — and then draw broad protected areas
around its general region, where other endangered species also live, rather than send possibly fruitless explorers to
the area to prove the animal’s existence.
Beyond the scientific gains, searching for lost species plays a crucial role in understanding and protecting our
world. Once, the Yongsu Sapari community used Attenborough’s echidnas as a peace tool to settle arguments. “If
brothers fought, they had to find an Attenborough’s echidna, a solution that is increasingly difficult,” Biggs says. “So,
everything is connected. Every species behaves in an ecosystem and fulfills a purpose.”
28. What does the underlined phrase “is up to snuff” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Fits the profile. B. Adapts well.
C. Breaks the habit. D. Grows mature.
29. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Technology has reduced the number of missing species.
B. Publicizing rediscovery secures the future of lost species.
C. Larger animals face a higher extinction risk than smaller ones.
D. Animals neighboring humans receive more attention in searches.
30. What might Christina Biggs agree with?
.
A The number of echidnas will increase after its rediscovery.
B. Exploratory missions matter more than habitat preservation.
C. Extinct species come with both ecological and cultural losses.
D. Thomas Evans has instructed Re: wild to identify the 25 species.
【答案】28. A 29. D 30. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员如何通过创建数据库来追踪和重新发现“失联”物
种，并讨论了重新发现物种对保护工作的影响以及公众宣传的双刃剑效应。
【
28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前“The study indicates many rediscovered species appear to follow a rather
similar trend: they are big, appealing mammals or birds tending to live near humans and in more-developed
countries.(研究表明，许多重新发现的物种表现出相似的趋势：它们通常是生活在人类附近的大型、吸引人
的哺乳动物或鸟类，且多生活在较发达国家)”及划线词后“but continues to be out of researchers’ sight after
long searches, it’s probably gone forever.(但在长时间搜索后仍然不见踪影，那么它可能已经永远消失了)”可
知，如果一个动物符合重新被发现的标准，即体型大、有吸引力、生活在人类附近或更发达的国家，但在长时间的搜寻后仍未被找到，那么它可能已经永远消失了。故划线词“is up to snuff”与A项“符合标准”
意义相近。故选A。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The study indicates many rediscovered species appear to follow a rather similar
trend: they are big, appealing mammals or birds tending to live near humans and in more-developed countries.
Thus, Evans says if an animal is up to snuff but continues to be out of researchers’ sight after long searches, it’s
probably gone forever. On the contrary, animals that don’t exhibit the pattern for easy rediscovery are very much
alive out there. “Because they are generally difficult to come across and are therefore met with less exploratory
attention, in most cases, small, unattractive species are more likely to be seemingly extinct but still alive,” Evans
says.(研究表明，许多重新发现的物种表现出相似的趋势：它们通常是生活在人类附近的大型、吸引人的哺
乳动物或鸟类，且多生活在较发达国家。因此，埃文斯说，如果一种动物符合标准，但在长时间搜索后仍
然不见踪影，那么它可能已经永远消失了。相反，不符合容易重新发现模式的动物很可能仍然活着。“因
为它们通常难以遇见，因此得到的探索关注较少，大多数情况下，小型、不吸引人的物种看起来已经灭绝，
但实际上仍然活着，”埃文斯说)”可知，人类相邻的动物由于更容易被注意到和重新发现，因此它们受到
的关注更多。故选D。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Beyond the scientific gains, searching for lost species plays a crucial role in
understanding and protecting our world. Once, the Yongsu Sapari community used Attenborough’s echidnas as a
peace tool to settle arguments. “If brothers fought, they had to find an Attenborough’s echidna, a solution that is
increasingly difficult,” Biggs says. “So, everything is connected. Every species behaves in an ecosystem and fulfills
a purpose.(除了科学上的收获，寻找失联物种在理解和保护我们的世界中发挥着关键作用。曾经，Yongsu
Sapari社区使用爱登堡针鼹作为一种和平工具来解决争端。“如果兄弟们争吵，他们必须找到一只爱登堡
针鼹，但这种情况越来越难，”比格斯说。“所以，一切都是相互关联的。每个物种在生态系统中都有其
行为和作用)”可知，比格斯会同意的观点是：灭绝的物种不仅带来生态上的损失，还有文化上的损失。故
选C。
D
Over the summer, the neuroscientist Christ of Koch accepted defeat on his 25-year bet with the philosopher
David Chalmers, a lost wager that the science of consciousness would be all wrapped up by now. Despite decades of
research, there’s little sign of shared understanding on consciousness, with several competing theories still being
debated.In my new book entitled Why? , I take head-on the question of why it’s so hard to make progress on
consciousness. The core difficulty is that consciousness cannot be easily observed. You can’t look inside someone’s
brain and see their feelings and experiences. Science does deal with things that can’t be observed, such as fundamental
particles (粒子), quantum wave functions (量子波函数), and maybe even other universes. But consciousness poses
an important difference: in all of these other cases, we theorize about things we can’t observe in order to explain what
we can observe. Uniquely with consciousness, the thing we are trying to explain cannot be publicly observed.
How then can we investigate consciousness? I argue that we can account for the evolution of consciousness only
if we reject reductionism (简化论) about it. Most consciousness researchers employ a reductionist view of the
universe, where physics is running the show. Thus, insofar as there are some future possibilities left open by the
arrangements of particles in our brains, they are settled by nothing more than the random chanciness implicit (含蓄
的) in quantum mechanics.
Some challenges have emerged lately to this reductionist model. The neuroscientist Kevin Mitchell argues that
the free will of conscious organisms plays a role in determining what will happen in the brain, over and above what
is settled by the laws of physics. Evolution offers one of the strongest challenges. Natural selection only cares about
behavior, as it’s only behavior that matters for survival. Rapid progress in AI and robotics has made it clear, however,
that extremely complex behaviour can exist in a system that entirely lacks conscious experience. For any adaptive
behaviour associated with consciousness, there could be a nonconscious mechanism that inspires the same behaviour.
Given this, it is a deep mystery why consciousness evolved at all. But suppose the emergence of biological
consciousness brings into existence radically new forms of behavior, over and above what physics alone could
produce. Perhaps organisms that have conscious awareness of the world around them, and thereby freely respond
based on that awareness, behave very differently than mere mechanisms. Consequently, they survive much better.
With these assumptions, we can make sense of natural selection’s preference for conscious organisms.
As a philosopher, in Why? , I develop a radical form — the view that consciousness goes right down to the
fundamental building blocks of reality — aimed at addressing the philosophical challenges of consciousness, as well
as providing a framework for scientists to make progress on the scientific issues. It is a pincer movement (钳形运
动) of science and philosophy that will, ultimately, crack the mystery of consciousness.
31. What can we learn about consciousness from this passage?
A. Consciousness evolves from behavior.
B. Scientists theorize consciousness to observe it.
C. Consciousness lacks observable phenomena to study.D. Quantum wave functions help explain consciousness.
32. As for Kevin Mitchell’s argument, the author is .
A. supportive. B. disapproving. C. neutral. D. uncertain.
33. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Physicists’ researches reject reductionism.
B. Brain works independently of the physics principles.
C. The nature of consciousness requires further investigation.
D. Natural selection proves reductionist views of consciousness.
34. What is the best title of the passage?
A. A Debate over the Nature of Consciousness.
B. Consciousness and Behavior: A Philosophical Perspective.
C. The Role of Natural Selection in Consciousness Development.
D. Beyond Reductionism: Exploring the Evolution of Consciousness.
【答案】31. C 32. A 33. C 34. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍当前意识研究领域面临的困境、挑战和新的探索方向，提出超越简化
论来解释意识进化的新方向。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The core difficulty is that consciousness cannot be easily observed. You can’t
look inside someone’s brain and see their feelings and experiences.（核心困难在于意识不容易被观察。你无法
看到某人的大脑内部，无法看到他们的情感和体验。）”可知，意识在人脑内部，不易被观察，因此选项
C“意识缺乏可观察的现象用以研究”符合题意。故选C项。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The neuroscientist Kevin Mitchell argues that the free will of conscious
organisms plays a role in determining what will happen in the brain, over and above what is settled by the laws of
physics.（神经科学家Kevin Mitchell认为，有意识生物体的自由意志在决定大脑中将发生什么方面起着作
用，这超出了物理定律所决定的范围。）”以及接下来的内容“Given this, it is a deep mystery why
consciousness evolved at all. But suppose the emergence of biological consciousness brings into existence radically
new forms of behavior, over and above what physics alone could produce.（鉴于此，意识为何会进化仍然是一
个深奥的谜团。但假设生物意识出现却带来了物理定律单独作用之外的全新行为模式。）”，可以看出作
者对于Kevin Mitchell的观点是支持的。因此，选项A“支持的”符合题意。故选A项。【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章整体内容，特别是第一段“Despite decades of research, there’s little sign of shared
understanding on consciousness, with several competing theories still being debated.（尽管经历了几十年的研究，
但对意识的理解几乎没有达成共识的迹象，几个相互对立的理论仍在争论中。）”和最后一段“It is a
pincer movement (钳形运动) of science and philosophy that will, ultimately, crack the mystery of consciousness.
（科学和哲学的钳形运动，最终将揭开意识的神秘面纱。）”可知，从文中可推断出的是选项C的“意识
的本质需进一步研究”。故选C项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第四段“How then can we investigate consciousness? I argue that we can
account for the evolution of consciousness only if we reject reductionism (简化论) about it. （那么我们如何研究
意识呢？我认为，只有当我们拒绝关于意识的简化论时，我们才能解释意识的进化。）”可知，文章主要
讨论了关于意识的研究和进化，特别是反对简化论的观点，并提出了一个关于意识进化的新框架。因此，
最合适本文的标题应是选项D的“超越简化论：探索意识的进化”。故选D项。
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项
涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Considering they are the world’s most numerous areas of water, it is surprising that ponds are poorly understood.
There are millions — possibly billions — of them. ____35____
This neglect might not have mattered if it were not for increasing evidence that ponds are extremely important
habitats for wildlife as they have rich, diverse and distinctive communities with varied rare and endangered species.
Across many landscapes, they are being shown to support far greater variation of species than rivers and streams.
____36____ It allows them to have a wider range of conditions compared with rivers and streams where flowing
water tends to homogenise (同质化) water chemistry.
So why have we failed to notice such a vital part of the natural world? A key reason appears to be what freshwater
scientist John Downing has called “a saliency error”: the misjudgment where we humans naturally assume that if
something is small, it can’t be all that important. ____37____ We don’t realise that these waters have a deeply
ancient origin and have existed on Earth as long as there has been land and water.
These misunderstandings within freshwater science have had a big impact on our ability to protect their wildlife.
In Europe, for example, the Water Framework Directive mostly excludes any bodies of water smaller than 50
hectares.____38____ Last year, the Ramsar Convention, an international agreement, introduced a resolution on small
wetlands, including ponds, giving crucial recognition to them. And the European Union-funded PONDERFUL project
is gathering data on Europe’s ponds. However, there remains much to do. As the effects of climate change deepen,
plants and animals will increasingly need to move across the landscape to survive. ____39____ They are easy to
make and they colonize rapidly, which can help freshwater species adapt over short timescales.
A. Viewpoints are changing, fortunately, to the benefit of ponds.
B. This biodiversity seems to be partly due to the small size of ponds.
C. A study shows they make up much of the global water environment.
D. Yet for a century or so, scientists have paid them very little attention.
E. We can create ponds in considerable numbers as one of the few habitats.
F. There is increasing evidence of the importance of ponds for biodiversity.
.
G Most of us also devalued ponds because we regard them as artificial habitats.
【答案】35. D 36. B 37. G 38. A 39. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了池塘在生物多样性中的重要性及其长期以来被忽视的原因。
【35题详解】
上文“Considering they are the world’s most numerous areas of water, it is surprising that ponds are poorly
understood. There are millions — possibly billions — of them.(考虑到池塘是世界上数量最多的水域，令人惊
讶的是，人们对池塘知之甚少。池塘有数百万甚至数十亿个)”讲述了池塘的数量非常多，但人们对它们了
解不多，下文“This neglect might not have mattered if it were not for increasing evidence that ponds are
extremely important habitats for wildlife as they have rich, diverse and distinctive communities with varied rare
and endangered species.(如果不是因为越来越多的证据表明池塘是极其重要的野生动物栖息地，这种忽视可
能无关紧要)”表明科学家经常忽视池塘的重要性，D项“然而，大约一个世纪以来，科学家们很少关注它
们。”承上启下，paid them very little attention与下文This neglect相呼应，符合语境。故选D项。
【36题详解】
上文“Across many landscapes, they are being shown to support far greater variation of species than rivers and
streams.(在许多景观中，它们被证明支持的物种变异远大于河流和溪流)”表明池塘对生物多样性的重要性，
下文“It allows them to have a wider range of conditions compared with rivers and streams where flowing water
tends to homogenise water chemistry.(这使得它们能够拥有比河流和溪流更广泛的变化条件，因为在河流和溪
流中，流动的水往往会使得水质化学变得同质化)”解释了池塘能够支持多样性的原因。B项“这种生物多
样性部分归因于池塘的小尺寸。”说明了池塘的小尺寸是其生物多样性的一个重要原因，承上启下，下文的It指代the small size of ponds，符合语境。故选B项。
【37题详解】
上文“So why have we failed to notice such a vital part of the natural world? A key reason appears to be what
freshwater scientist John Downing has called “a saliency error”: the misjudgment where we humans naturally
assume that if something is small, it can’t be all that important.(那么，为什么我们未能注意到自然世界如此重
要的一部分呢？一个关键原因似乎是淡水科学家约翰·唐宁所说的“显著性错误”：人类自然地假设，如
果某物很小，就不会那么重要)”讲述了人们忽视池塘的原因，下文“We don’t realise that these waters have
a deeply ancient origin and have existed on Earth as long as there has been land and water.(我们没有意识到这些
水域有着悠久的历史，自地球上有了陆地和水以来就一直存在)”进一步解释了人们对池塘的误解，G项
“我们大多数人也因为认为池塘是人工栖息地而低估了它们的价值。”提到了人们低估池塘价值的另一个
原因，与上文是并列关系，且引出下文，符合语境。故选G项。
【38题详解】
下文“Last year, the Ramsar Convention, an international agreement, introduced a resolution on small wetlands,
including ponds, giving crucial recognition to them. And the European Union-funded PONDERFUL project is
gathering data on Europe’s ponds.(去年，国际湿地公约引入了一项关于小湿地(包括池塘)的决议，给予它们
至关重要的认可。欧盟资助的PONDERFUL项目正在收集有关欧洲池塘的数据)”讲述了国际上对池塘的
认识和支持，A项“幸运的是，人们的观点正在向对池塘有益的方向改变。”概述人们对池塘的看法正在
改变，下文是具体的措施，符合语境。故选A项。
【39题详解】
上文“However, there remains much to do. As the effects of climate change deepen, plants and animals will
increasingly need to move across the landscape to survive.(然而，还有很多工作要做。随着气候变化的影响加
深，植物和动物将越来越需要在景观中移动以生存)”表明建造池塘的必要性，下文“They are easy to make
and they colonize rapidly, which can help freshwater species adapt over short timescales.(池塘很容易建造，且迅
速被生物占据，这可以帮助淡水物种在短时间内适应)”讲述了池塘在应对气候变化中的作用。E项“我们
可以建造大量的池塘，作为为数不多的栖息地之一。”说明了池塘作为一种栖息地的潜力，承上启下，符
合语境。故选E项。
第三部分 书面表达 (共两节，32分)
第一节 (共4小题; 第40、41题各2分, 第42题3分, 第43题5分, 共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
We all love to criticize, but unfortunately, we also hate being criticized. We freely post and comment on others,but feel annoyed at the way others assess us, both online and in person. The world seems unlikely to change anytime
soon. Fortunately, though, each of us can change how we give and take criticism, which will make us less likely to
harm others, more resistant to being angry, and better able to benefit from feedback — even when it is negative.
Criticism is defined as judgment of the merits (优点) and faults of something or someone in written or spoken
form. Technically, criticism can include praise, but that isn’t what concerns us here. What annoys us is criticism of
the negative variety, even when well-intentioned — so-called constructive criticism, which means to provide guidance
so we can improve. Worst of all is destructive criticism, which aims to cause hurt or damage.
The culture of criticism isn’t going away. The only way to flourish (繁荣) in it, and despite it, is to adopt new
habits of getting and giving critical feedback. One rule is to assume that criticism, even when it seems personal, is
not actually about you personally. When we receive criticism, we make it personal in two ways. First, we may
naturally analyze the critic rather than the criticism. Second, we tend to consider the criticism a judgment on our
natural abilities, rather than on our performance. Interestingly, even among young children, research shows that
viewing criticism as a judgment on one’s abilities can lead to lower self-worth, lower positive mood, and less
persistence at tasks.
If taking criticism is particularly hard for you, you are not alone. However, taking criticism badly is more
embarrassing, ultimately, than the criticism itself. If we do the work to learn to accept negative feedback, we will be
much better off.
40. What will be the results of changing the way we give and take criticism?
____________________________________________________________________________________
41. What is the difference between constructive and destructive criticism?
____________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Children who receive criticism have lower self-worth because they take criticism as a judgment on their
performance.
____________________________________________________________________________________
43. What benefit(s) would you gain from learning to accept negative feedback? (In about 40 words)
____________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. We will be less likely to harm others, more resistant to being angry, and better able to benefit from
feedback— even when it is negative.
41. Constructive criticism means to provide guidance so we can improve, while destructive criticism aims to cause
hurt or damage.42. Children who receive criticism have lower self-worth because they take criticism as a judgment on their
performance.
They take criticism as a judgment on their abilities.
43. Learning to accept negative feedback can help us resist anger more easily and criticize more correctly. In addition,
accepting negative feedback can help us put our shortcomings in perspective, correct our mistakes and improve
ourselves.
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，说明了批评对我们的影响及我们应如何正确地对待批评。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Fortunately, though, each of us can change how we give and take criticism,
which will make us less likely to harm others, more resistant to being angry, and better able to benefit from
feedback— even when it is negative.(幸运的是，我们每个人都可以改变我们给予和接受批评的方式，这将使
我们不太可能伤害别人，更抵制愤怒，并能更好地从反馈中获益——即使是消极的反馈)”可知，改变我们
给予和接受批评的方式会使我们不太可能伤害别人，更抵制愤怒，并能更好地从反馈中获益——即使是消
极的反馈。故答案为We will be less likely to harm others, more resistant to being angry, and better able to benefit
from feedback — even when it is negative.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“What annoys us is criticism of the negative variety, even when well-
intentioned — so-called constructive criticism, which means to provide guidance so we can improve. Worst of all is
destructive criticism, which aims to cause hurt or damage.(让我们烦恼的是负面的批评，即使是善意的所谓建
设性的批评，也意味着提供指导，让我们提高。最糟糕的是破坏性的批评，它的目的是造成伤害或破坏)”
可知，建设性的批评是指提供指导，使我们能够改进，而破坏性的批评旨在造成伤害或损害。故答案为
Constructive criticism means to provide guidance so we can improve, while destructive criticism aims to cause hurt
or damage.
【42题详解】
考查推理判断。根据文章倒数第二段“Second, we tend to consider the criticism a judgment on our natural
abilities, rather than on our performance. Interestingly, even among young children, research shows that viewing
criticism as a judgment on one’s abilities can lead to lower self-worth, lower positive mood, and less persistence at
tasks.(第二，我们倾向于认为批评是对我们天生能力的判断，而不是对我们的表现的判断。有趣的是，研
究表明，即使是在年幼的孩子中，将批评视为对一个人能力的判断，也会导致自我价值降低、积极情绪降
低、任务坚持度降低)”可推知，接受批评的孩子自我价值较低，因为他们把批评当成对自己能力的评判，而不是表现得判断。故答案为Children who receive criticism have lower self-worth because they take criticism
as a judgment on their performance./They take criticism as a judgment on their abilities.
【43题详解】
开放性试题。根据文章最后一段“If we do the work to learn to accept negative feedback, we will be much better
off.(如果我们努力学习接受负面反馈，我们就会变得更好)”可知，学习接受负面反馈能帮助我们更容易抵
制愤怒，同时更正确地进行批评。此外，接受负面反馈还能帮助我们正确地看待自己的不足，纠正错误并
提高自己。故答案为Learning to accept negative feedback can help us resist anger more easily and criticize more
correctly. In addition, accepting negative feedback can help us put our shortcomings in perspective, correct our
mistakes and improve ourselves.
第二节 (20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim在社交媒体上看到了含有流行语“Beijing, city or
not city, ah?”的短视频。这些短视频生动展现了北京的独特活力。Jim对此很感兴趣，发来邮件询问相关情
况。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1. 介绍北京的活力；
2. 简要说明理由。
注意：1. 词数100 左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词: 有活力的 vibrant
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’ve also noticed that videos using the catchphrase “Beijing, city or not city, ah?” have gone viral on social
media, and I’d like to share more about how vibrant Beijing is.
I think Nanluoguxiang perfectly embodies the vitality of Beijing. As you stroll through its narrow alleys, you’ll
be greeted by a wide variety of cafés, bookstores, bars and boutique shops, each providing its own lively atmosphere.The buzz of conversation, the smell of freshly brewed coffee, and the laughter from people enjoying their time out
make Nanluoguxiang a popular destination for both locals and visitors.
This hutong is not just a place to shop or dine, it’s a vibrant community where people immerse themselves in
the rich cultural heritage of Beijing.
Come experience it!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。外国好友Jim在社交媒体上看到了含有流行语“Beijing, city or not city,
ah?”的短视频。这些短视频生动展现了北京的独特活力，Jim对此很感兴趣，发来邮件询问相关情况，要
求考生李华给其回信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
注意到：see→ notice
体现：reflect → embody
欢迎，迎接：welcome →greet
使沉浸（于）：bury→ immerse
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Come experience it!
拓展句：I hope you can come and experience it!
【点睛】【高分句型1】As you stroll through its narrow alleys, you’ll be greeted by a wide variety of cafés,
bookstores, bars and boutique shops, each providing its own lively atmosphere（运用了as引导的时间状语从
句）
【高分句型2】 I’d like to share more about how vibrant Beijing is.（运用了how引导的宾语从句）
