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绝密★启用前
2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（二）
（科目代码：204）
☆考生注意事项^
1. 答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指
定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。
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考生自负。
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书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在
草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。
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写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5. 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。
（以下信息考生必须认真填写）
考生编号
考生姓名Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and
mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any
significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can
sometimes hurt more than it 2
As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from
being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale.
That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of
muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my
training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.
I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of
the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks
to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your
training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level,
strength and inches lost.
For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a
bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less
important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week
allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me
whether I need to 13 my training program.
I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as
well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I'm constantly 15 and
dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.
The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my
overall health, fitness and well-being. I'm experiencing increased zeal for
working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in.
I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals,
19 I'm training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.
Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel,
how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.
英语（二）试题.1.（共15页）1. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Besides
2. A. cares B. warns C. reduces D. helps
3. A. solely B. occasionally C. formally D. initially
4. A. lowering B. explaining C. accepting D. recording
5. A. set B. review C.reach D. modify
6. A. depiction B. distribution C. prediction D. definition
7. A. regardless of B. aside from C. along with D. due to
8. A. rigid B. precise C. immediate D. orderly
9. A. judgments B. reasons C. methods D. claims
10. A. though B. again C.indeed D. instead
11. A. track B. overlook C. conceal D. report
12. A. approve of B. hold onto C. account for D. depend on
13. A. share B. adjust C. confirm D. prepare
14. A. features B. rules C. tests D. results
15. A. anxious B. hungry C. sick D. bored
16. A. secret B. belief C. sign D. principle
17. A. necessity B. decision C. wish D. request
18. A. surprising B. restricting C. consuming D. disappointing
19. A. because B. unless C. until D. if
20. A. dominating B. puzzling C. triumphing D. obsessing
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing
A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
英语（二）试题.2.（共15页）Text 1
Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt
emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child9s growing grasp of social and
moral norms. Children aren't bom knowing how to say "I'm sorry" ； rather, they
learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends一and their own
consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in
the right amount, to be a good thing.
In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply
uncomfortable—it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with
stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. "There has been a kind of revival or a
rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,n says Amrisha
Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this
revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren't binary—feelings that
may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and
anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too
much happiness can be destructive.
And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can
encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other
words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.
Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a
psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may
compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others
have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to
cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for
that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses.
And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.
In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver
assessments and the children's self-observations, she rated each child's overall
sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral
transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to
share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they
shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone
ones shared more, even though they hadn't magically become more sympathetic
to the other child's deprivation.
“That's good news," Malti says. "We can be prosocial because we caused
harm and we feel regret."
英语（二）试题.3.（共15页）21. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help.
A. regulate a child's basic emotions
B. improve a child9s intellectual ability
C. foster a child9s moral development
D. intensify a child5 s positive feelings
22. According to Paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be.
A. deceptive
B. burdensome
C. addictive
D. inexcusable
23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness
that.
A. emotions are context-independent
B. emotions are socially constructive
C. emotional stability can benefit health
D. an emotion can play opposing roles
24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing.
A. may help correct emotional deficiencies
B. can result from either sympathy or guilt
C. can bring about emotional satisfaction
D. may be the outcome of impulsive acts
25. The word u transgressions(Para. 5) is closest in meaning to.
A. teachings
B. discussions
C. restrictions
D. wrongdoings
英语（二）试题.4.（共15页）Text 2
Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight
against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good
share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so.
The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit
more carbon than they absorb.
Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap—but it involves striking a subtle
balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable ucarbon sinks” long into the future
may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. California is leading
the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.
The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out
young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-
carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available
moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon
from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape
is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are
consumed.
The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010,
drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them
in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.
California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000
by 2030—financed from the proceeds of the state's emissions-permit auctions.
That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a
million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or
drought.
The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from
the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in
vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation
biofuels is already under way.
State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally
they've focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only
recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing
carbon. California's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next
year, should serve as a model.
英语（二）试题.5.（共15页）26. By saying "one of the harder challenges,the author implies that
A. global climate change may get out of control
B. forests may become a potential threat
C. people may misunderstand global warming
D. extreme weather conditions may arise
27. To maintain forests as valuable ucarbon sinks," we may need to
A. preserve the diversity of species in them
B. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity
C. accelerate the growth of young trees
D. strike a balance among different plants
28. California's Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to.
A. restore its forests quickly after wildfires
B. cultivate more drought-resistant trees
C. find more effective ways to kill insects
D. reduce the density of some of its forests
29. What is essential to California9s plan according to Paragraph 5?
A. To obtain enough financial support.
B. To carry it out before the year of 2020.
C. To handle the areas in serious danger first.
D. To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.
30. The author5s attitude to California's plan can best be described as
A. supportive
B. ambiguous
C. tolerant
D. cautious
英语（二）试题.6.（共15页）Text 3
American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several
years. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration
rules for farm workers.
Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for
agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U. S. and
change jobs within the industry. If this doesn't change, American businesses,
communities, and consumers will be the losers.
Perhaps half of U. S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer
such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce
are changing. Today5s farm laborers, while still predominantly bom in Mexico,
are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married
than single. They're also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of
crop workers were over the age of 35. Now more than half are. And picking
crops is hard on older bodies. One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage
remains as implausible as it's been all along: Native U. S. workers won't be
returning to the farm.
Mechanization isn't the answer, either一not yet, at least. Production of
com, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many
high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy
farms, where robots do a small share of milking, have a long way to go before
they're automated.
As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest
workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Starting around
2012, requests for the visas rose sharply ； from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas
issued more than doubled.
The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for
nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employers
complain they aren't given all the workers they need. The process is
cumbersome, expensive, and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic
delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job 22 days late. The
shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some
workers and drive others underground.
In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and almost 80 percent of
raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western farmers
have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998 to 2000, 14. 5
percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade
later, the share of imports was 25. 8 percent.
In effect, the U. S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.
英语（二）试题.7.（共15页）31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?
A. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U. S.
B. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.
C. Flaws in U. S. immigration rules for farm workers.
D. Decline of job opportunities in U. S. agriculture.
32. One trouble with U. S. agricultural workforce is.
A. the rising number of illegal immigrants
B. the high mobility of crop workers
C. the lack of experienced laborers
D. the aging of immigrant farm workers
33. What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U. S. farming?
A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.
B. To get native U. S. workers back to farming.
C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.
D. To strengthen financial support for farmers.
34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its.
A. slow granting procedures
B. limit on duration of stay
C. tightened requirements
D. control of annual admissions
35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?
A. U. S. Agriculture in Decline?
B. Import Food or Labor?
C. America Saved by Mexico?
D. Manpower vs. Automation?
英语（二）试题.8.（共15页）Text 4
Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for
you: It's easy to beat plastic. They're part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a
new video for World Environment Day—encouraging you, the consumer, to
swap out your single-use plastic staples to combat the plastics crisis.
The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day
do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics.
But the overarching message is directed at individuals.
My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited
sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the
grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and
require very little of us. They could even be harmful, satisfying a need to have
udone our bit" without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective
actions—a kind of u moral licensingthat eases our concerns and stops us doing
more and asking more of those in charge.
While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward
it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of
power that implies that as “consumers" we must shop sustainably, rather than as
“citizens" hold our governments and industries to account to push for real
systemic change.
Ifs important to acknowledge that the environment isn't everyone's
priority—or even most people's. We shouldn't expect it to be. In her latest book,
Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things, Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues
that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is
for the change to be structural.
This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to
environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether.
India has just announced it will " eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by
2022. " There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental
choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.
DeSombre isn't saying people should stop caring about the environment. It's
just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even
primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.
None of this is about writing off the individual. It's just about putting things
into perspective. We don't have time to wait. We need progressive policies that
shape collective action, alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.
英语（二）试题.9.（共15页）36. Some celebrities star in a new video to.
A. demand new laws on the use of plastics
B. urge consumers to cut the use of plastics
C. invite public opinion on the plastics crisis
D. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis
37. The author is concerned that "moral licensing,, may.
A. mislead us into doing worthless things
B. prevent us from making further efforts
C. weaken our sense of accomplishment
D. suppress our desire for success
38. By pointing out our identity as "citizens,” the author indicates that
A. our focus should be shifted to community welfare
B. our relationship with local industries is improving
C. we have been actively exercising our civil rights
D. we should press our governments to lead the combat
39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be
A. a win-win arrangement
B. a self-driven mechanism
C. a cost-effective approach
D. a top-down process
40. The author concludes that individual efforts.
A. can be too aggressive
B. can be too inconsistent
C. are far from sufficient
D. are far from rational
英语（二）试题.10.（共15页）Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column
to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices
in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
How seriously should parents take kids，opinions when searching for a home?
In choosing a new home, Camille McClain's kids have a single demand: a
backyard.
McClain5s little ones aren't the only kids who have an opinion when it comes
to housing, and in many cases youngsters9 views weigh heavily on parents9 real
estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S.
adults.
While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the
dark about real estate decisions, realty agents and psychologists have mixed views
about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids' opinions may have.
The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can
help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming
process, said Ryan Hooper, a clinical psychologist in Chicago.
u Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves,
especially if it removes them from their current school or support system," he
said.
Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate broker with Gagliardo Realty Associates,
said he's not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home—but
their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social
activities, if possible.
Younger children should feel like they're choosing their home—without
actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, a real estate attorney
英语（二）试题.11.（共15页）based in New York.
Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential
home will make them feel like they're being included in the decision-making
process, Bailey said.
Many of the aspects of homebuying aren't a consideration for children, said
Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing
too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.
"Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise,
but I wouldn't base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions,Hampson
said.
The other issue is that many children—especially older ones—may base their
real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in
Riverside, Calif.
“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us," he said.
“HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It's not shelter, it's a
lifestyle. With that mindset change come some serious money consequences."
Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them
personally, Norris said.
Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change
over time, said Julie Gumer, a real estate analyst with FitSmallBusiness. com.
uTheir opinions can change tomorrow,Gumer said. "Harsh as it may be
to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child9s opinions,
but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their
needs best—and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it
their own."
This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents
want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.
英语（二）试题.12.（共15页）A. notes that aspects like children's friends and social
activities should be considered upon homebuying.
B. believes that homebuying decisions should be based
41. Ryan Hooper
on children's needs rather than their opinions.
C. assumes that many children's views on real estate are
42. Adam Bailey
influenced by the media.
D. remarks that significant moves may pose challenges
43. Tracey Hampson
to children.
E. says that it is wise to leave kids in the dark about real
44. Aaron Norris
estate decisions.
F. advises that home purchases should not be based only
45. Julie Gumer
on children's opinions.
G. thinks that children should be given a sense of
involvement in homebuying decisions.
Section IH Translation
46. Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the
ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He had such a
pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How
many times have I heard people say, “I could write a book. I just haven't the
time. " Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular
opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, uhaving a go at the
writing game”. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final,
polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practising,
re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many
disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more
determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way
and his success in the literary field was no exception.
英语（二）试题.13.（共15页）Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city
traffic. Write him an email to
1) suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and
2) tell him about your arrangements.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming" instead. (10 points)
Part B
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
80.0%
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
某高校2013年和2018年本科毕业生去向统计
英语（二）试题.14.（共15页）2019年考研英语（二）真题答案速查表
1 ~ 5 CDAAC 6~10 ADCBD 11 〜15 ACBDB
16 〜20 CBDAD 21 ~25 CBDBD 26 〜30 BBDCA
31 ~35 CDBAB 36 ~40 BBDDC 41 〜45 DGFCB
Section IH Translation
英国作家吉米-哈利很容易被人低估。他的作品风格欢快且通俗易懂，让人觉得谁都可
以模仿。我曾无数次听到有人说:“我也能写书，只是没时间而已。”说起来容易,但做起来难。
与大众观点相反,用吉米-哈利的话说，他在“尝试写作游戏”的初期,觉得写作并非易事。显
然，吉米-哈利天赋异禀，但他最终展现给世人的精湛作品都是多年苦练、修改和审阅的成
果。像大多数作家一样,他这一路走来也曾饱尝沮丧和被拒的滋味，但这些更加坚定了他取
得成功的决心。他一生中所有的成就都来之不易，在文学领域的成功也不例外。
英语（二）试题.15.（共15页）
