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2018 年北京市高考英语试卷 8. In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help
you need.
（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分）
A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days.
第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）
A. are trapping B. have been trapped
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将
C. were trapping D. had been trapped
该项涂黑。
10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _________, we last met more than thirty years ago.
A. used B. to use C. using D. use
A. What’s more B. That’s to say
11. Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.
C. In other words D. Believe it or not
A. how B. when C. where D. why
答案是D.
12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.
1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around?
A. need B. should C. can D. must
—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.
13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. start B. have started C. started D. had started
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
2. _________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
14. —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
A. Although B. While C. If D. Until
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.
3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. for B. on C. in D. at
A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled
15. This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her
A. how B. which C. that D. what
last year. 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在
5. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit. 答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A. which B. who C.as D. that
The Homeless Hero
6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source（来源）of
moon and enjoy moon cakes. temptation（诱惑）. But the 16 would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with
A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared
little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 17 more
7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
remarkable.
A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown
第1页（共6页）After spotting a 18 on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard 21. A. discover B. collect C. check D. believe
in the rain for about two hours waiting for the 19 to return. 22. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing
After hours in the cold and wet, he 20 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find 23. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked
some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver, only to 21 it contained £400 in notes, with 24. A. safe B. missing C. found D. seen
another £50 in spare change beside it. 25. A. service B. support C. kindness D. encouragement
He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 22 a note behind to let the owner 26. A. when B. if C. where D. because
know it was safe. When the car’s owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the 27. A. rather B. yet C. already D. just
car—which was itself worth £35, 000—in Glasgow city centre, they were 23 to find two 28. A. too B. though C. again D. instead
policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was 29. A. honest B. polite C. rich D. generous
24 . 30. A. gave B. paid C. cast D. drew
The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his 25 . 31. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard
Mr. Anderson said: “I couldn’t believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on 32. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn
the streets tonight 26 he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has 33. A. of B. at C. for D. in
nothing and 27 he didn’t take the wallet for himself；he thought about others 28 . It’s 34. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications
unbelievable. It just proves there are 29 guys out there.” 35. A. lesson B. adventure C. chance D. challenge
Mr. Smith’s act 30 much of the public’s attention. He also won praise from social media 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，40分)
users after Mr. Anderson 31 about the act of kindness on Facebook. 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to 32 money for Mr. Smith and other 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该
homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received £8,000. “I think the faith that everyone has 项涂黑。
shown 33 him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; he’s had job A
34 and all sorts,” Mr. Anderson commented. My First Marathon（马拉松）
For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing 35 . The story once again tells us that one good A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two
turn deserves another. weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.
16. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps
17. A. still B. even C. ever D. once and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was “not athletic”.
18. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I
19. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was
20. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!
第2页（共6页）The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating C. Failure is the mother of success.
and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself. D. One is never too old to learn.
Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not B
the start I wanted! Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(航空) Center
At mile 3, I passed a sign: “GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!” If you’re looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be.
By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.
the course walking a bit and then running again. More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering,
By mile 21, I was starving! aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what
minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running. they’re studying in the classroom.
I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges (荣誉徽章). At Space
medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had. Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about
Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call space tasks and try simulated (模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation
myself a “marathon winner”. Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of
36. A month before the marathon, the author ____________. flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit (驾驶舱) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also
A. was well trained B. felt scared get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water- and land-survival through
C. made up his mind to run D. lost hope designed tasks and their search and rescue of “downed” pilot.
37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year? With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part
A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher. of a bigger task.
B. To amuse the readers with a funny story. All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family
C. To show he was not talented in sports. Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.
D. To share a precious memory. Stay an hour or stay a week — there is something here for everyone!
38. How was the author’s first marathon? For more details, please visit us online at www.oursac.com.
A. He made it. B. He quit halfway. 40. Why do people come to SAC?
C. He got the first prize. D. He walked to the end. A. To experience adventures. B. To look for jobs in aviation.
39. What does the story mainly tell us? C. To get a degree in engineering. D. To learn more about medicine.
A. A man owes his success to his family support. 41. To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to .
B. A winner is one with a great effort of will. A. fly to space B. get an Aviation badge first
第3页（共6页）C. study the principles of flight D. build and fire model rockets
42. What is the most important for trainees?
A. Leadership. B. Team spirit.
C. Task planning. D. Survival skills.
C
Plastic-Eating Worms
43. What can we learn about the worms in the study?
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in
A. They take plastics as their everyday food.
landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get
B. They are newly evolved creatures.
rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
C. They can consume plastics.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break
D. They wind up in landfills.
down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial
44. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .
polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams,
A. identify other means of the breakdown
or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene
B. find out the source of the enzyme
breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours
C. confirm the research findings
later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’
D. increase the breakdown speed
stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .
Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday
A. help to raise worms
food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic
B. help make plastic bags
bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,” she explains, “The wax worm evolved a
C. be used to clean the oceans
method or system to break this bond.”
D. be produced in factories in future
Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the
46. What is the main purpose of the passage?
study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous
A. To explain a study method on worms.
studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to
B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.
identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut
C. To present a way to break down plastics.
microbes(肠道微生物)?
D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break
down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not
simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”
第4页（共6页）D could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The
materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation
Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just
state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate have to plan for it.
driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been 47. According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.
testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be A. help deal with transportation-related problems
everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our B. provide better services to customers
transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is C. cause damage to our environment
regulated. D. make some people lose jobs
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), 48. As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?
policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut A. Safety. B. Side effects. C. Affordability. D. Management.
emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles 49. What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared. A. Employed. B. Replaced. C. Shared. D. Reduced.
Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future 50. What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?
where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic.
work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余
circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the 选项。
dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public Why Do We Get Angry?
transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services. Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are
cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. 51
transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages.
2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical
driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving pain, and much more. ____52____ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not
technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.
第5页（共6页）Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality Dear Jim,
traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. 53 _____________________________________________________________________________________
Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state _____________________________________________________________________________________
before a triggering event has occurred. _____________________________________________________________________________________
54 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. _____________________________________________________________________________________
Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger. __________________________________________________________________________
55 However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to _____________________________________________________________________
appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of Yours,
anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings. Li Hua
A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well. 第二节(20分)
B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it. 们上周接待外国学生，带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程。
D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry. 注意：词数不少于60。
E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your
mind.
F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a
critical eye.
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may
not trigger another.
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，35分)
第一节 (15分)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴
趣，计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括：
1. 表示欢迎；
2. 推荐他上哪所大学；
3. 建议他做哪些准备工作。
注意：1. 词数不少于50；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
第6页（共6页）
