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2021 年北京市高考真题英语试卷 第二节（共 10小题；每小题 1.5分，共 15分）
A
北京卷·英语
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用
本试卷共 11页，共 100分．考试时长 90分钟． 括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效． Why do we dream？Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse____11____ (idea)．Dreams might be a
side effect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything ____12____ happened during the
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．
day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.As it ____13____ (connect) things，your brain tums them into a
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
story,and you get a dream．
第一节（共 10小题；每小题 1.5分，共 15分）
B
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用
卡上将该项涂黑．
括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Recently，I took a trip home by train．I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes，who Sam is an in-real-life streamer（播主），and he live streams himself just going about his day．While riding his bike
kept____1____a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap．The woman's eye fell on the man's face， home ____14____ a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself．The
and she immediately looked down and____2____her scarf． poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ____15____ she lived．Sam walked her to a nearby
As the night wore on，people began to close their eyes，but the seats were so uncomfortable that only a very heavy convenience store so that she could ____16____（safe） wait for the police to take her home．
sleeper could manage to get any____3____．The woman looked over at the man．He was still staring at her．She C
looked back at him with fire in her eyes．I was beginning to get____4____，too． 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用
The train moved on．The little boy was ____5____ awake on his mother's lap，but the woman dropped off to 括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
sleep．A moment later，he began to____6____the half-open window—one leg went over it．The man jumped up and There ____17____(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20
____7____the child just before he fell out． years,____18____(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. From
The____8____ woke up the woman．She seemed to be in____9____，and then reality dawned （显现）．“Your 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world,____19____(result) in USD 2,970 billion in
child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window，”the man said as he gave the child back to economic loss．Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need ____20____
her. ．“So I have been watching the whole time．”The woman was _____10_____，and so was I． (invest) in disaster prevention.
1. A. guiding B. bothering C. watching D. monitoring 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
2. A. adjusted B. changed C. packed D. waved
第一节（共 14小题；每小题 2分，共 28分）
3. A. air B. joy C. space D. rest
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂
4. A. nervous B. embarrassed C. angry D. disappointed
5. A. almost B. still C. hardly D. even 黑．
6 A. drag B. climb C. knock D. push
. A
7. A. grabbed B. rocked C. touched D. picked If you are planning to start a career in the field of education，science，or culture，then an internship（实习） at
8. A. alarm B. quarrel C. risk D. noise UNESCO will be ideal for you．
9. A. sorrow B. relief C. panic D. pain Who can apply？
10. A. astonished B. confused C. concerned D. inspired
You have completed your full-time university studies；or． You are studying in a graduate program for a master's degree． B
Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institution． I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester（学期） project of
What are the requirements？ volunteering at a non-profit organization．When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our
You must be at least 20 years old． help，my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children （OIC）．My first impression of the organization was that it was not
You should have a good command （掌握） of either English or French． going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind．
You must have an excellent knowledge of office-related software． Then，an OIC representative gave us some details，which somewhat interested me．After doing some research，
You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environment． I believed that we could really do something for those kids．When I went online to the OIC website，I saw pictures of
You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skills． the Iraqi children．Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝望） and need that I joined
What do you need to prepare？ this project without hesitation．We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible，and make them into kits——
Visa：You should obtain the necessary visas． one kit，one child．
Travel：You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your The most rewarding day for our group was project day，when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally
internship． came together．When I saw the various supplies we had collected，it hit me that every kit we were to build that day
Medical insurance：You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid（有效的）in the target would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child．Over the past four months，I had never imagined how I would feel
country for the entire period of the internship．UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30,000 for once our project was completed．While making the kits，I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it．I
the internship period． had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on．When the kits
Medical certificate：You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work． were completed，and ready to be sent overseas，the warm feeling I had was one I would never forget．
Motivation letter：You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form． In the beginning，I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person．Now that our project is over，I
Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six months．We do not realize that I have affected not only one life，but ten．With our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to
respond to every candidate．If selected，you will be contacted by a manager．If you do not receive any update within further their education．
six months，it means that your application has not been successful． 24. How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning？
21. According to this passage，applicants are required to________． A. It would affect his/her initial plans．
A. hold a master's degree in science B. It would involve traveling overseas．
B. have international work experience C. It would not bring him/her a good grade．
C. be fluent in either English or French
D It would not live up to his/her expectations．
.
D. present a letter from a technical institution
22. What will UNESCO provide for the internship period？ 25. What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project？
A. Limited medical insurance coverage． A. Images of Iraqi children． B. Research by his/her classmates．
B. Training in communication skills． C. A teacher's introduction． D. A representative's comments．
C. A medical certificate for work． 26. The author's OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to________．.
D. Financial support for travel． A. become OIC volunteers B. further their education
23. What should applicants do before filling out the application form？ C. study in foreign countries D. influence other children
A. Contact UNESCO managers． B. Get access to the database． 27. What can we conclude from this passage？
C. Keep a motivation letter at hand． D. Work in a team for six months． A. One's potential cannot always be underrated．B. First impression cannot always be trusted． A. The signatories may change the biophysical limits.
C. Actions speak louder than words． B. The author agrees with the message of the poem.
D. He who hesitates is lost． C. The issue of collapse is being prioritized.
C D. The global collapse is well underway.
Hundreds of scientists, writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last D
December: Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse. Researchers in many Early fifth-century philosopher St．Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked
areas have projected the widespread collapse as “a credible scenario(情景) this century”.
him．Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure
A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events, food insecurity, and freshwater shortages might create
it．Today's state-of-the-art atomic（原子的） clocks have proven Einstein right．Even advanced physics can't
global collapse. Of course, if you are a non-human species, collapse is well underway.
decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking．
The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled
Forget about time as an absolute．What if，instead of considering time in terms of astronomy,we related time to
pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations. Not very long ago, it was also
ecology？What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo（节奏） of human life？We're increasingly
unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in
aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone，and realizing that we need to moderate（调
flexibility.
The international scholars’ warning letter doesn't say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen. 节）our actions if we hope to live in balance．What if our definition of time reflected that？
Collapseology, the study of collapse, is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday Recently，I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet，
civilization. Among the signatories(签署者) of the warning was Bob Johnson, the originator of the “ecological footprint” conditions that might change as a result of global warming．We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that
concept, which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle. With the current reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive to local and global environmental
footprint of humanity, “it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form, possibly within a decade, certainly
changes．We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate．If the
within this century,” Johnson said in an email.
rivers run faster in the future on average，the clock will get ahead of standard time．If they run slower，you'll see the
“Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits ” the December warning letter says, “can we have
,
opposite effect．
the hope to reduce their speed, severity and harm”. And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be
The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics．It's a sort of observatory
ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine. As a poet wrote,
that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame（时间框架），and allows us to witness those
Man is a victim of dope(麻醉品)
changes on our smartwatches or phones．Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with
In the incurable form of hope.
the planet．Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be
The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent(执着) on quieting hope that ignores preparedness. “Let's
motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies．
look directly into the issue of collapse,” they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the
Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars，early agricultural societies also connected time to
best of a troubling future.”
natural phenomena．In pre-Classical Greece，for instance，people“corrected”official calendars by shifting dates
28. What does the underlined word “germane” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
forward or backward to reflect the change of season．Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their
A. Scientific. B. Credible.
survival．Likewise，river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental
C. Original. D. Relevant.
awareness．
29. As for the public awareness of global collapse, the author is________.
When St．Augustine admitted his inability to define time， he highlighted one of time 's most noticeable
A. worried B. puzzled
qualities：Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context．Any timekeeping system is valid，and each is as
C. surprised D. scared
praiseworthy as its purpose．
30. What can we learn from this passage?31. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？ that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers
A. Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature． monitored their heart rates and blood pressure．____38____ On the other hand，when the music slowed，the
B. Everyone can define time on their own terms． participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit．
C. The qualities of time vary with how you measure it． ____39____But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which
D. Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists． is what makes music so valuable．
32. The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to________． A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems．
A. present an assumption B. evaluate an argument B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud．
C. highlight an experiment D. introduce an approach C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing．
33. What can we learn from this passage？
D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep．
A. Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life．
E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive．
B. New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems．
F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety．
C. Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower．
G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were．
D. Modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame．
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
34. What can we infer from this passage？
第一节（共 4小题；第 40、41题各 2分，第 42题 3分，第 43题 5分，共 12分）
A. It is crucial to improve the definition of time．
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
B. A fixed frame will make time meaningless．
Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced
C. We should live in harmony with nature．
or almost completely erased．Thus，it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends， family members，or
D. History is a mirror reflecting reality．
classmates rather than holding them back．
第二节（共 5小题；每小题 2分，共 10分）
There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂
and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．You can engage in an argument respectfully without
黑．选项中有两项为多余选项．
stirring up（激起） anger．Fighting，however，usually involves personal attacks，raising of voices， and storming
Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people． ____35____ The mental health out．Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health．In a
benefits from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the study，2.000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row．When people had an
scenes． argument that they considered resolved， they had half the reactivity （情绪反应） of those who avoided an
____36____However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting （分 argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions．In other words，resolving
心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course，can lead to an argument cuts your negative feelings by half．One day later， people who had a resolved argument reported no
less pain． increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument． This means that resolving an argument
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed．____37____While the validity of the idea can feel like you have reached a state of resolution——and you are less likely to be annoyed．
is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to researchers， Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be
listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between what
stress and anxiety． matters and what does not．
When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the tempo It is easier to avoid a discussion，but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome．40 According to this passage，what is arguing？
.
41. Why is it that“the older you are， the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”？
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why．
Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of
you getting angry．
43. In addition to improving emotional health，what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument？
（In about 40 words）
第二节（20分）
44. 【北京卷】假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你和英国好友Jim原定本周末一起外出，你因故不能赴约。请
你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.表达歉意并说明原因；
2.提出建议并给出理由。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Yours
,
Li Hua
