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外研版 选择性必修第二册 Unit 3 Times change！
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．virus n．病毒
2．cafeteria n．自助餐厅
3．emoji n．表情符号
4．pictorial adj.图画的
5．comic n．连环漫画 adj.滑稽的
6．typewriter n．打字机
7．costume n．戏装
8．revolution n．革命
9．humble adj.谦虚的；没有特别之处的
10．tablet n．平板电脑
11．laptop n．笔记本电脑；便携式电脑
12．organic adj.有机的，绿色的
13．mathematics n．[math/maths]数学
14．mature adj.成熟的；(果实)熟的
15．element n．元素；要素，基本部分
16．electronic adj.电子的，电子器件的
17．analytical adj.善于分析的；分析(性)的
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．solid adj.坚实的
2．soul n．精神
3．elderly adj.年老的
4．era n．时代，年代5．arise vi.(arose；arisen)出现；发生
6．multiply v．(使)大大增加，(使)倍增
7．decade n．十年，十年期
8．update vt.更新 n．(软件的)更新；最新消息
9．journalist n．新闻工作者；新闻记者
10．therefore adv.因此
11．trend n．趋势 vi.趋向，伸向 vt.使……趋向
12．mobile adj.移动的；流动的 n．移动电话；手机
13．artificial adj.人造的；人工的；虚假的；假装的
14．network n．网状系统；关系网；广播网；电视网；互联网
15．facial adj.面部的
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．occur vi.(occurred；occurred)发生；出现；存在→occurrence n．发生；出现
2．emphasize vt.强调→emphasis n．强调；重要性
3．maintain vt.保持，维持→maintenance n．维护，保养；维持，保持
4．sympathy n．同情；同情心→sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的
5．reality n．真实；事实；现实→real adj.真实的→really adv.真实地
6．convince vt.使确信；使信服→convinced adj.确信的；信服的→convincing adj.有说服力
的；令人信服的
7．occupy vt.占领；(使)忙于→occupation n．占用；占领；职业→occupied adj.忙于……的；
使用中的；被占领的
8．advance n．进步，进展 v．前进；发展→advanced adj.高级的；先进的
9．mercy n．仁慈；怜悯；宽恕→merciful adj.仁慈的；怜悯的→merciless adj.残忍的；无
慈悲心的
10．construction n．建造；建设；建筑→reconstruction n．重建；修复→construct vt.建造；
创建→constructive adj.建设性的
11．educate vt.教育；培养；训练→education n．教育→educator n．教育家→educated adj.
受过教育的
12．operator n．(电脑)操作员；接线员→operate v．操作；做手术→operation n．操作；手
术
13．estimate vt.& n．估计，估算→underestimate vt.低估；对……认识不足
14．compete vi.参加比赛；竞争→competition n．比赛；竞争→competitor n．参赛者
→competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争力的
15．civilize vt.(使)开化；使文明→civilization n．开化；教化；文明→civilized adj.文明的；
开化的；有礼貌的16．access n．通道；(使用、查阅、接近或面见的)机会 vt.进入；使用；获取→accessible
adj.可以进入的；可以使用的
17．technology n．工艺；科技；技术→technological adj.科技的
1．category n．类别
2．integral adj.不可缺少的；完整的
3．pictograph n．图画文字；统计图表
4．exterior n．外部，外观
5．legendary adj.大名鼎鼎的；传奇的
6．tendency n．趋向，倾向
7．imagination n．想象；设想
8．facilitate vt.促进；使便利
9．simplicity n．容易(性)，简单(性)
10．emotionally adv.情绪上；有感染力地
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．a bunch of一群；一束
2．as a result结果
3．by oneself独立地
4．in a way在某种程度上
5．watch over看守；监视
6．pop up突然出现，冒出来
7．in the history of在……的历史上
8．with the help of在……的帮助下
9．deal with处理；安排；对付
10．pave the way铺平道路；创造条件
11．reform and opening-up改革开放
12．make a breakthrough取得重大突破(进展)
13．arouse one’s interest 激发某人的兴趣
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．as引导状语从句
As time goes by，human society has stepped into the 21st century.
时代变迁，人类社会已步入21世纪。
2．so...that...如此……以至于……The society has been developing so rapidly during the last few years that everything in
people’s daily life becomes very convenient.
过去几年里社会发展得如此之快，人们生活中的一切都变得非常便利。
3．“by＋过去的时间”与过去完成时连用
By the time he was 14，he had studied advanced math on his own.That was why he could
answer the difficult math problem.
在他14岁的时候，他已经自学了高等数学。这就是他能解答这道数学难题的原因。
4．there is an urgent need to do...迫切需要做……
From a scientific point of view，there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to
understand climate change and its effects.
从科学的角度看，为了了解气候变化及其影响，急需研究北极。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分)
1．comic n．连环漫画 adj.滑稽的
2．revolution n．革命
3．electronic adj.电子的，电子器件的
4．humble adj.谦虚的；没有特别之处的
5．laptop n．笔记本电脑；便携式电脑
6．analytical adj. 善于分析的；分析 ( 性 ) 的
7．organic adj.有机的，绿色的
8．tablet n．平板电脑
9．mature adj. 成熟的； ( 果实 ) 熟的
10．element n．元素；要素，基本部分
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共10分)
1．solid adj.坚实的
2．facial adj.面部的
3．artificial adj.人造的；人工的；虚假的；假装的
4．elderly adj.年老的
5．arise vi.出现；发生
6．decade n．十年，十年期
7．therefore adv.因此
8．era n．时代，年代
9．trend n．趋势 vi.趋向，伸向 vt.使……趋向
10．update vt.更新 n．(软件的)更新；最新消息Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题1.5分，共12分)
1．emphasize vt.强调→emphasis n．强调；重要性
2．occur vi.发生；出现；存在→occurrence n．发生；出现
3．estimate vt.& n．估计，估算→underestimate vt.低估；对……认识不足
4．technology n．工艺；科技；技术→technological adj.科技的
5．mercy n．仁慈；怜悯；宽恕→merciful adj.仁慈的；怜悯的→merciless adj.残忍的；无
慈悲心的
6．civilize vt.(使)开化；使文明→civilization n．开化；教化；文明→civilized adj.文明的；
开化的；有礼貌的
7．construction n．建造；建设；建筑→reconstruction n．重建；修复→construct vt.建造；
创建→constructive adj.建设性的
8．sympathy n．同情；同情心→sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的
Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．category n．类别
2．simplicity n． 容易 ( 性 ) ，简单 ( 性 )
3．tendency n．趋向，倾向
4．imagination n．想象；设想
5．legendary adj.大名鼎鼎的；传奇的
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题1.5分，共12分)
1．a bunch of 一群；一束
2．pop up 突然出现，冒出来
3．pave the way 铺平道路；创造条件
4．by oneself 独立地
5．reform and opening-up 改革开放
6．in a way 在某种程度上
7．in the history of 在……的历史上
8．deal with 处理；安排；对付
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2.5分，共20分)
1．What really shocks us is that he is able to make the flying car a reality.(real)
2．An emergency line operator must always stay calm to ensure the safe operation of the smoke
detector.(operate)
3．With the help of the advanced technology，we can complete the task in advance.(advance)
4．I am occupied with my occupation，which occupies most of my time every day.(occupy)
5．More than 10,000 competitors from different countries came to Beijing and competed witheach other in the competitive games for medals.(compete)
6．There is convincing evidence that skin cancer is linked to exposure to the sun and I am firmly
convinced that the risk of skin cancer will be reduced with our great efforts.(convince)
7．The website is not accessible to all people；only those who know the password have access
to it.(access)
8．As educators often say，the educated can likely hunt for a better job and teenagers should
receive further education for their future.(educate)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分)
1．To our delight，scientists have made a breakthrough in the treatment of that disease.
2．With the help of the new update，users will never be upset about the network speed.
3．History is an essential part of human civilization.You will find something here that will arouse
your interest and get you thinking about the significance of history.
4．What makes me surprised is that they use specially trained dogs to watch over their sheep at
night.
5．So important is the lecture that I can’t afford my absence from it.As a result，I have to cancel
my visit to you.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题4分，共16分)
1．我们有陪伴机器人，随着时间的推移，它们可能会在我们的生活中变得更重要。(as引导
状语从句)
We have companion robots，and as time goes by，they may grow more important in our lives.
2．北京发展得如此之快，你根本想象不出明年会是什么样子。(so...that...)
Beijing is developing so fast that you can never imagine what it will be like next year.
3．迫切需要扩大医疗和社会保障网络，特别是在发展中国家。(There is an urgent need to
do...)There is an urgent need to expand health-care and social security networks，particularly in
developing countries.
4．到20世纪90年代，计算机已经在全世界流行，它们变得更便宜、更容易使用。(“by＋
过去的时间”与过去完成时连用)
By the 1990s，computers had become popular all over the world and they became cheaper and
easier to use.
The history of the computer began in France in 1642.It was first built only as 1.a calculating
machine，and later as an analytical machine that could “think” 2.logically(logical) and
produce an answer quicker than any person.Later，the “universal machine” was built to solve
mathematical problems，3.which made the computer huge ！As time 4.went(go) by，the
computer was made smaller，quicker and 5.cleverer/more clever(clever)．Till now，computers6.have been connected(connect) by network and brought into common people’s homes to deal
with information and help with 7.communication(communicate) between people around the
world.Since 8.its(it) birth，the computer has always been designed 9.to serve(serve) the human
race.It is human being’s intelligence and hard work 10.that enable us to make a breakthrough
in technology.
convince vt.使确信；使相信；使信服；说服；劝说(convincing adj.令人信服的
convinced adj.确信的；信服的)
·convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事
convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
·be convinced of/that...相信……
(1)Jack has been ill throughout the week and his mother is trying to convince him to see(see) a
doctor.Obviously，her words are very convincing(convince) and she soon convinces him of her
concern.
(2)我相信，只有在一个国家的内外部条件都足够成熟的时候，革命才会发生。
I ’ m convinced that revolution can only occur at a time when both internal and external conditions
of a country are ripe enough.
advance v．前进；促进；预付；提前；提出(想法、理论、计划) n．前进；进步
(advanced adj.先进的；高级的)
·advance on/towards sb/sth 向某人/某物前进
·in advance(＝ahead of time/schedule)预先；事先
in advance of (时间上)提前于……
make an advance/advances in在……方面取得进步
(1)She decided to go back to college to advance on/towards better career.
(2)China has made great advances in science and technology in the past decade.
(3)Very small drones with advanced(advance) sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train
could guide it like a co-pilot.(2022·全国乙)
(4)如果你能提前告知我你是否有空，我将不胜感激。我期待早日收到你的来信。(应用文写
作之邀请信)
I’d appreciate it if you could let me know whether you are available or not in advance/ahead of
time/schedule.I’m looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠(merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的 merciless adj.残忍
的；无慈悲心的)
show mercy to对……怜悯/宽恕
have mercy on/upon对……怜悯/宽恕
without mercy残忍地；毫无同情地
at the mercy of...任由……摆布
(1)The leader is such a merciful man and always has mercy on/upon those poor people but
sometimes he can be merciless to bad persons.(用合适的词或mercy的适当形式填空)
(2)Protect the environment，or else we will be at the mercy of severe natural disasters.
(3)午间酷热的阳光无情地蒸烤着他们，但他们并没有放弃。(读后续写之场景描写)
The blistering noonday sun beat down on them without mercy but they didn’t give up.
as a result(＝as a consequence)结果
·as a result/consequence of由于；作为……的结果
·result from由……引起
result in导致；造成
(1)As a result of my hard work，I earned enough money，bought my mother a gift and realized
my dream.
(2)随着高等教育体制改革的推进，高等教育毕业生的规模急剧扩大。因此，本科生面临着
激烈的竞争和挑战。
With the higher education system reform moving forward，the scale of higher education graduates
is expanding rapidly.As a result/consequence，the undergraduates are facing fierce competition
and challenge.
(3)实际上，这个操作人员工作不够努力，导致了他的失败。
①In reality，the operator’s not working hard enough resulted in his failure.
②In reality，the operator’s failure resulted from his not working hard enough.
用法点拨 表示“因为，由于”的短语还有because of，thanks to，due to，owing to等。
in a way 从某种意义上讲；从某方面来说；在某种程度上
all the way一路上；自始至终，一直；完全地
by way of经由；途经
on the/one’s way (to...)在(去……的)路上；在(去……的)途中
in the way挡路；碍事
in no way决不，一点也不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)in this way用这种方法
(1)Though she thought she was helping her mother，she was only in the way.
(2)这个善良的人抱起受伤的男孩，把他放到车里，匆忙把他送到医院，忽视了一路上的美
丽风景。(读后续写之动作链描写)
The kind man lifted up the injured boy，placed him in the car and rushed him to the hospital，
ignoring the beautiful scenery all the way.
(3)从某种意义上说，在线学习在我们的学习中发挥着越来越重要的作用。但是我们决不应
该沉溺于在线游戏。
In a way，online learning plays an increasingly significant role in our studies.But in no way
should we be addicted to online games.
(4)只有用这种方式他们才能长大独立、真正成功。(only开头的倒装句)
Only in this way can they grow up to be independent and become truly successful.
as引导状语从句 As time goes by，human society has stepped into the 21st century.时
代变迁，人类社会已步入21世纪。
as作连词，有以下用法：
·“当……时候；一边……一边……；随着”，引导时间状语从句。
·“按照……的方式(办法)；如同……”，引导方式状语从句。
·“因为；既然”，引导原因状语从句。
·“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。
·引导比较状语从句，常用于as...as...结构，意为“像……一样……”(第一个as是副词，第
二个as是连词)。
(1)写出下列句子中as的汉语意思
①As time went by，I grew increasingly interested in articles concerning Mars.随着
②Just as an old saying goes，do in Rome as the Romans do.正如；按照
③Tired and exhausted as they were，they managed to make it to the finish line.尽管
④I support your traveling with the three teammates，as you can learn a lot from them.因为
(2)在你的业余时间读尽可能多的书，不知不觉间你将会提高自己。(应用文写作之建议信)
Read as many books as you can in your spare time，and you will improve yourself before you
know it.
(3)随着我们生活水平的提高，我们发现越来越多的时间被用于娱乐。
As our living standard improves/With the improvement of our living standard/With our living
standard improving，we find more and more time is spent on entertainment.(4)尽管我们又累又饿，但是我们从这次五公里越野赛跑中受益匪浅。(2020·新课标Ⅰ，应用
文写作)
Exhausted and hungry as we were，we benefited a lot from the five-kilometer cross-country
running race.
用法点拨 (1)当as引导让步状语从句时，从句使用部分倒装，即将形容词、副词、名词等
放在as前面；单数可数名词提前时应该省掉冠词。
(2)with意为“随着”时，是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词等构成with短语或用with复合
结构。
so...that... The society has been developing so rapidly during the last few years that
everything in people’s daily life becomes very convenient.过去几年里社会发展得如此之快，
人们生活中的一切都变得非常便利。
so/such...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。
·so...that...句型的常见形式：
so＋adj./adv.＋that...
so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋that...
so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.＋that...
·such...that...句型的常见形式：
such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.＋that...
such＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...
·当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。
(1)For one thing，the overall development over the past decades has been so striking that they feel
eager to familiarize themselves with what is going on in China.(2020·江苏)
(2)这个小镇发展得如此之快，以至于每年都吸引成千上万的游客前来参观。
①The small town is developing so fast that it attracts thousands of tourists to visit it every year.
②So fast is the small town developing that it attracts thousands of tourists to visit it every year.(倒
装句)
(3)It was so cold a day that there was nobody in the street.
→It was such a cold day that there was nobody in the street.(用such...that...改写)
→So cold a day was it that there was nobody in the street.(用倒装句改写)
Ⅰ.一词多义/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．deal with(1)The coach is used to dealing with all kinds of people in her job. A
(2)The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life.(2023·全国
甲) D
(3)How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest？
(2023·全国乙) B
(4)Most travel agents do not deal directly with these companies. C
2．arise
(1)Seeing his mother return home，the boy arose from his chair immediately. A
(2)New problems will arise one after another in the future. B
(3)They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park. C
(4)Can we begin by discussing matters arising from the technology revolution？ D
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和汉语意思
(1)There is solid evidence to show he wasn’t there when the crime took place.adj.可靠的
(2)She occupied herself with routine office tasks.vt.使忙于
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．A perfect idea occurred to us that we could give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming
Teachers’ Day.
2．If we are blind to our own faults，we will not be very merciful(mercy) towards others.
3．As can be seen from the picture，a boy is burdened with such heavy homework that it seems
as if he can hardly bear it any more.
4．The book is worthy of being read and as a result，I decide to purchase it online.
5．One of the problems arising from the present economic situation is that the price is rising
sharply.
6 ． Learning is very important for each of us because we have to acquire new and
advanced(advance) knowledge every day.
7．China will further enhance education and training in order to better deal with climate change.
8．As technology develops，we can have access to the information swiftly.
9．It means that athletes must compete against each other for medals in championships or events
in Olympics to win honour and glory for their country.
10．Early on，I could concentrate on what the teachers had laid emphasis(emphasize) on in
online classes and take accurate notes so that I could study in an efficient way.2021·全国乙改编
你校将举办英语演讲比赛。请你以Be smart online learners为题写一篇发言稿参赛，内
容包括：
1.分析优势与不足； 2.提出学习建议。
完成句子
1．在过去的几十年里，随着先进技术的发展，在线学习已经成为一种重要的学习方式。
(advanced technology；decade)
2．在某种程度上，它可以帮助我们更有效地学习，因为它可以让我们随时随地学习。(in a
way)
3．然而，一些学生沉迷于网络，整天盯着屏幕，阅读各种信息，伤害了眼睛。(so...that...)
4．因此，我建议我们应该远离网络上的负面信息，减少上网时间。(therefore)
5．我相信，只有成为聪明的在线学习者，我们才能真正享受现代技术的好处。(I’m
convinced that...)
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
参考范文
Be smart online learners
With the development of advanced technology，online learning has become an important way
to learn in the past decades.However，online learning has both advantages and disadvantages.
In a way ，it helps us learn more efficiently ，for it allows us to learn anytime and
anywhere.However，some students are so addicted to the Internet that they stare at the screen all
day long and read all kinds of information，harming their eyes.Therefore，I recommend that we
should keep ourselves away from the negative information on the Internet and reduce the time we
spend online.
I’m convinced that only by being smart online learners can we truly enjoy the benefits of
modern technology.语料积累 动作细节描写：动“肩膀”
sb’s shoulders shake 某人的肩膀颤抖着 look over one’s shoulder 回头看
词块 shrug one’s shoulders 耸肩 tap/pat sb on the shoulder 拍某人的肩膀
shoulder one’s way挤出去 stand shoulder to shoulder肩并肩站着
1.My shoulders dropped with relief.我的肩膀松弛了下来。
2.The child sat on his father’s shoulders to watch the parade go by.
这个小孩坐在他父亲的肩膀上看着游行队伍经过。
3.He shouldered the door open.他用肩膀顶开了门。
4.I just looked over my shoulder and shrugged my shoulders，ignoring what
he said.(动作描写)
我只是回头看了看，耸了耸肩，没有理会他说的话。
句型 5.She shouldered her way through the crowd.她从人群中挤了出来。
6.They fell into step，walking shoulder to shoulder with their heads bent
against the rain.
他们步伐一致，肩并肩低着头冒雨走着。
7.The article touched my soul so much that my shoulders shook with my eyes
in a mist of tears.
这篇文章深深地触动了我的灵魂，我的肩膀颤抖着，泪眼蒙眬。
8.Jane snuggled up against his shoulder.简依偎在他的肩膀上。
语料运用 My husband tapped me on the shoulder，begging me not to look through the posts any
longer on Facebook，but I just ①looked over my shoulder and shrugged my shoulders(动作描写)，
ignoring what he said.One day when I looked through my Facebook feed，② a friend ’ s post
popped up.She wrote，“Let go of anything unrealistic and all activities that do not mirror your
brightest intentions for yourself.” The post ③touched my soul so much that my shoulders shook
with my eyes in a mist of tears.My husband sat next to me and I ④snuggled up against his
shoulder，muttering，“I will focus on real life instead of the virtual world from now on.” With
my husband’s comfort，⑤my shoulders dropped with relief.
我丈夫拍了拍我的肩膀，乞求我不要再在Facebook上浏览帖子了，但我只是回头看了看，
耸了耸肩，没有理睬他说的话。有一天，当我浏览我的Facebook动态时，一个朋友的帖子
弹出。她写道：“放弃任何不现实的事情，放弃所有不能反映你最光明的愿望的活动。”这
个帖子深深地触动了我的灵魂，我的肩膀颤抖着，泪眼蒙眬。我丈夫坐在我旁边，我依偎在
他的肩膀上，喃喃自语道：“从现在开始，我将把注意力集中在现实生活上，而不是虚拟世
界。”在丈夫的安慰下，我的肩膀松弛了下来。高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2022·全国甲，D)
Sometime in the early 1960s，a significant thing happened in Sydney，Australia.The city
discovered its harbor.Then，one after another，Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort
of there—broad parks，superb beaches，and a culturally diverse population.But it is the harbor
that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds，a cheerful fellow in his early 30s，pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living.I
spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor.After our third run Andrew shut
down the engine，and we went our separate ways—he for a lunch break，I to explore the city.
“I’ll miss these old boats，” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean？” I asked.
“Oh，they’re replacing them with catamarans.Catamarans are faster，but they’re not so
elegant，and they’re not fun to pilot.But that’s progress，I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days，change and progress are the watchwords(口号)，and
traditions are increasingly rare.Shirley Fitzgerald，the city’s official historian，told me that in its
rush to modernity in the 1970s，Sydney swept aside much of its past，including many of its finest
buildings.“Sydney is confused about itself，” she said.“We can’t seem to make up our minds
whether we want a modern city or a traditional one.It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any
better at resolving(解决)．”
On the other hand，being young and old at the same time has its attractions.I considered this
when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony.“Many people say that we lack
culture in this country，” he told me.“What people forget is that the Italians，when they came
to Australia，brought 2,000 years of their culture，the Greeks some 3,000 years，and the Chinese
more still.We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a
young country.It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right，but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
语篇解读 本文是夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者和悉尼人士的交流介绍了悉尼在发展中面临的
问题。
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．Sydney’s striking architecture.
B．The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C．The key to Sydney’s development.D．Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.
答案 C
解析 段落大意题。根据第一段中的“Sometime in the early...discovered its harbor.”以及
“But it is the harbor that makes the city.”可知，本段主要介绍了悉尼发展的关键是港口。
2．What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds?
A．He goes to work by boat.
B．He looks forward to a new life.
C．He pilots catamarans well.
D．He is attached to the old ferries.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Andrew Reynolds，a cheerful fellow in his early 30s，
pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living.”，第三段中的“I’ll miss these old boats”以及第五段中
的“Catamarans are faster，but they’re not so elegant，and they’re not fun to pilot.”可推知，
渡轮领航员Andrew Reynolds非常喜欢老式渡船。
3．What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?
A．It is losing its traditions.
B．It should speed up its progress.
C．It should expand its population.
D．It is becoming more international.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“...traditions are increasingly rare...Sydney swept
aside much of its past，including many of its finest buildings.”可推知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为
悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。
4．Which statement will the author probably agree with?
A．A city can be young and old at the same time.
B．A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C．Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D．Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“On the other hand，being young and old at the
same time has its attractions.”以及最后一段中的“He is right”可推知，作者赞同Anthony的
观点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。
B
Researchers at North Carolina State University are proposing an additional white traffic light
that will act as a sign to human drivers and passengers that they should follow the lead of self-driving vehicles moving through intersections(十字路口)．
Driving is fundamentally changing.In the future，human drivers will be sharing the road with
autonomous vehicles.The transition to autonomous vehicles is progressing with each passing year
and humans are no longer the only ones sitting behind an automobile’s steering wheel.This makes
it urgent for traffic lights with a fourth color to become a reality.
The white traffic light would be equipped with wireless Bluetooth technology and would
engage when the number of autonomous vehicles driving on the road at any given time exceeds a
certain threshold(阈值)．Autonomous vehicles would be in communication with each other and
with the traffic lights at intersections，within a certain range.Any human drivers in the mix would
be informed to follow the lead of the vehicle in front of them via the white light: stop if it stops，
continue if it continues.
In simulation models，autonomous vehicles were shown to improve traffic flow on their
own.The higher the percentage of autonomous vehicles at an intersection，the faster the traffic
moved ， with improvements of about 40 to 99 percent in terms of total delay reductions
possible.“The white light can be used to coordinate (协调) traffic in any situation involving
autonomous vehicles and tell human drivers what’s going on，so that they know what they are
supposed to do as they approach the intersection，” says civil engineer Ali Hajbabaie.
As an example，most recently，Tesla’s problematic full-self-driving vehicles have been at
the forefront of public criticism after a car crashed into a fire truck.Consequently，the potential
risks linked to autonomous driving are what made North Carolina State University researchers
suggest adding a fourth color to traffic lights in the coming years.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着驾驶正在发生根本性变化，研究人员提
出设立一个额外的白色交通信号灯，它将作为一个标志，告诉人类司机和乘客，他们应该跟
随自动驾驶汽车通过十字路口。
5．What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Strict traffic rules.
B．The upgrade of road system.
C．Increasing autonomous vehicles.
D．The high cost of self-driving technology.
答案 C
解析 代词指代题。根据画线单词上文“Driving is...In the future，human drivers...The
transition to autonomous vehicles is progressing...”可知，代词“This”指代的是上文提到的驾
驶发生的变化，在未来，人类驾驶员将与自动驾驶汽车共享道路，道路上会不断增加自动驾
驶汽车。故选C。
6．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the white traffic light?A．Its signal meaning.
B．Its working principle.
C．Its complex database.
D．Its potential applications.
答案 B
解析 段落大意题。根据文章第三段“The white traffic light would be equipped with wireless
Bluetooth technology and would engage...”可知，第三段主要介绍了白色交通灯运行的原理，
故选B。
7．What does Ali Hajbabaie convey in his words?
A．The white traffic light can help improve the flow of traffic.
B．Autonomous vehicles are potential threats to road safety.
C．It is difficult for elderly drivers to adapt to white traffic lights.
D．People had to be trained before driving on the roads with white traffic lights.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“The white light can be used to coordinate(协调)
traffic in any situation involving autonomous vehicles...”可知，Ali Hajbabaie认为白色交通灯
可以帮助协调交通，从而使交通更顺畅。故选A。
8．Why does the author mention the example of Tesla in the last paragraph?
A．To stress the popularity of driverless vehicles.
B．To prove the necessity of adding white traffic lights.
C．To call on the public to pay close attention to road safety.
D．To present the hidden dangers of using white traffic lights.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Consequently，the potential risks linked to
autonomous driving are...”可知，文章举特斯拉的例子是为了证明增加白色交通信号灯来降
低自动驾驶车辆的潜在风险的必要性。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
In some parts of Central China’s Henan Province，daughters will 1 wild goose-shaped
cakes for their parents before the leap month(闰月) comes，wishing for auspiciousness.There is a
2 surrounding the tradition.
Long ago，there was a girl living at the southern foot of the Songshan Mountain in Henan，
who was very 3 .In a year which had a leap month，the married girl 4 of her parents，
who never had enough food to eat and might suffer from hunger due to the 5 month.So，she
collected some leftover millet (小米) and headed toward her parents’ home.On the mountainous
road，she 6 fell down and when she woke up，the millet was already 7 up by
birds.Seeing this and thinking of her parents，she cried loudly and slowly fell asleep again.Then she heard some weak voice and woke up again，seeing a couple of wild geese were
staying in her bag and not willing to leave，so she took them with her.When she arrived at her
parents’ home，the village was 8 famine and plague，and her parents were on the verge
of 9 .She hurriedly boiled the wild geese and fed them to her parents，and her parents
recovered soon.She then gave the leftover food to the neighbors and the 10 miraculously
disappeared the next day.
After that，before each leap month，daughters began to visit their 11 and bring gifts.As
wild goose is a(n) 12 bird，people use dough to make wild goose-shaped cakes in 13 of
the actual bird for their parents，wishing them healthy and hoping to banish any plagues.
In some parts of East China’s Shandong Province，the married daughters will send dough-
made fish and toad to their parents，which 14 “wealth” and “health” respectively. 15
，it is said that the dough fish is for a mother and the dough toad is for a father.
1．A.bury B．send
C．prepare D．decorate
答案 C
解析 bury埋；send寄；prepare准备；decorate装饰。根据“for their parents before the leap
month(闰月) comes”以及下文倒数第二段中的“make wild goose-shaped cakes...for their
parents”可知，女儿们会在闰月前为父母准备大雁形状的糕点。故选C项。
2．A.book B．song
C．title D．legend
答案 D
解析 book书；song歌曲；title标题；legend传说。根据下文“Long ago”可知，关于第一
段描述的习俗有一个传说。故选D项。
3．A.beautiful B．filial
C．brave D．smart
答案 B
解析 beautiful美丽的；filial孝顺的；brave勇敢的；smart聪明的。根据下文“So，she
collected some leftover millet(小米) and headed toward her parents’ home.”可知，女孩非常
孝顺，想到父母的处境，给父母送小米。故选B项。
4．A.thought B．warned
C．heard D．reminded
答案 A
解析 think想起；warn警告；hear听到；remind提醒。根据“who never had enough food to
eat and might suffer from hunger”可知，女孩想到了自己的父母。故选A项。
5．A.repetitive B．relevantC．representative D．respective
答案 A
解析 repetitive重复的；relevant相关的；representative有代表性的；respective各自的。根
据“In a year which had a leap month”可知，此处指因为闰月，也就是重复的月份而挨饿。
故选A项。
6．A.eventually B．accidentally
C．hurriedly D．mysteriously
答案 B
解析 eventually最终；accidentally意外地，不小心地；hurriedly匆忙地；mysteriously神秘
地。根据“when she woke up”可知，走山路时，女孩不小心跌倒了，昏了过去。故选B项。
7．A.taken B．made
C．eaten D．set
答案 C
解析 take带；make制作；eat吃；set设置。根据“by birds”可知，当她醒来时，小米被
鸟儿吃掉了。故选C项。
8．A.suffering from B．learning from
C．taking from D．recovering from
答案 A
解析 suffer from遭受；learn from从……中学习；take from从……中获取；recover from
从……中恢复。根据上文中的“her parents，who...and might suffer from hunger”以及空后的
“famine and plague”可知，村子正遭受饥荒和瘟疫。故选A项。
9．A.delight B．death
C．penalty D．performance
答案 B
解析 delight快乐；death死亡；penalty处罚，刑罚；performance表现。根据上文中的
“her parents，who never had enough food to eat and...”可推知，女孩的父母在死亡的边缘。
故选B项。
10．A.neighbors B．plague
C．food D．village
答案 B
解析 neighbor邻居；plague瘟疫；food食物；village村庄。根据前文“famine and plague”
及空后的“miraculously disappeared”可知，第二天瘟疫奇迹般地消失了。故选B项。
11．A.friends B．relatives
C．parents D．classmates
答案 C解析 friend 朋友；relative 亲戚；parent 父亲(或母亲)；classmate 同班同学。根据上文
“So，she collected some leftover millet(小米) and headed toward her parents’ home.”可知，
由于这个女孩拜访父母，救了村子的人，后来女儿们都会在闰月前看望父母。故选C项。
12．A.delicate B．abnormal
C．outstanding D．rare
答案 D
解析 delicate柔和的，脆弱的；abnormal不正常的；outstanding杰出的；rare罕见的。根据
“people use dough to make wild goose-shaped cakes”可知，由于真的大雁是稀有的，女孩们
不得不用面团做大雁形状的糕点。故选D项。
13．A.pursuit B．point
C．place D．praise
答案 C
解析 pursuit 追求；point意义；place地方；praise 表扬。根据“use dough to make wild
goose-shaped cakes”可知，女孩们用大雁糕点代替真正的大雁。in place of“代替”。故选C
项。
14．A.symbolize B．suspect
C．simplify D．state
答案 A
解析 symbolize象征；suspect怀疑；simplify简化；state陈述。根据“the married daughters
will send dough-made fish and toad to their parents”及“‘wealth’ and ‘health’”可知，
面鱼和面蟾蜍分别象征着“财富”和“健康”。故选A项。
15．A.However B．Therefore
C．Otherwise D．Besides
答案 D
解析 however然而；therefore因此；otherwise否则；besides此外。根据“...it is said that the
dough fish is for a mother and the dough toad is for a father.”可知，这是补充说明，空处缺少
“此外”。故选D项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2023·全国乙)
Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern.From Buddhist temples to museums，
narrow hutong 1. royal palaces，it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious
history even down to its layout，with the city keeping its carefully 2. (build) system
of ring roads.
But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place 3. welcomes the fast-
paced development of modern life，with 21st-century architectural 4. (wonder)standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
It is a distinct visual contrast(反差) that shouldn’t work,5. somehow these
two very different worlds make a good combination.6. (visit) several times over the
last 10 years，I 7. (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new，and how a city was
able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing.As a photographer，I have spent
the last two years 8. (record) everything I discovered.
The 9. (remark) development of this city，which is consciously designed to
protect the past while stepping into the modern world,10. (mean) there is always
something new to discover here，and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京这座城市的古老建筑和现代化发展之间的独
特结合，同时探讨了城市如何在不断发展的同时保护其丰富的遗产。作者作为一名摄影师，
记录了这座城市的变化，并表示将来还会继续拍摄北京的风貌。
1．答案 to
解析 考查介词。空白处所在部分与其前面的“From Buddhist temples to museums”结构并
列，均由from...to...连接(narrow前省略了from)，故空白处应填介词to。故填to。
2．答案 built
解析 考查非谓语动词。这里为非谓语动词作定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词
“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。
3．答案 which/that
解析 考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中作主
语，指物，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
4．答案 wonders
解析 考查名词的复数。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“historical
buildings of the past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。
5．答案 but/yet
解析 考查连词。空前“It is a distinct visual contrast(反差) that shouldn’t work”和空后
“somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination”之间存在转折关系，用
but/yet。故填but/yet。
6．答案 Having visited
解析 考查非谓语动词。这里为非谓语动词充当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；
根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用现在完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词
的完成式；置于句首，首字母应大写。故填Having visited。
7．答案 was amazed
解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。这里为本句的谓语动词，根据下文“how a citywas able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing”可知本句用一般过去时，
I和amaze为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填was amazed。
8．答案 recording
解析 考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词作宾
语，用动名词形式。故填recording。
9．答案 remarkable
解析 考查形容词。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词作定语修饰名词“development”。
故填remarkable。
10．答案 means
解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。这里为本句的谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为
一般现在时；主语development为单数名词，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填
means。
