文档内容
专题 01 阅读理解
目 录
01 挑战真题·查知识漏洞
02 回顾教材·补知识漏洞
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
易混易错归纳
03 知识通关演练
Passage1
（2023年全国统一高考英语试卷（新高考Ⅰ）When John Todd was a child，he loved to
explore the woods around his house，observing how nature solved problems.A dirty stream，for
example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures
lived.When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the
messes people were making.
After studying agriculture，medicine，and fisheries in college，John went back to observing
nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria（细菌）？Which kinds
of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals？With the right combination of animals and plants，he
figured，maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would
later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge （ 污泥）.First，he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other.Then he went
around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He placed them in
the tanks and waited.Little by little，these different kinds of life got used to one another and
formed their own ecosystem.After a few weeks，John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food
and began to eat it!Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that
treated sewage （污水）from 1，600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-
machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou，a city in southeast China. "Ecological design"is the
name John gives to what he does."Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the
inventor，"he says."You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening.Then
you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair."
1.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs？ ______
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
2.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks？ ______
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
3.What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou？ ______
A. To review John's research plans.
B. To show an application of John's idea.
C. To compare John's different jobs.
D. To erase doubts about John's invention.
4.What is the basis for John's work？ ______
A. Nature can repair itself.
B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse.
D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.Passage2
（2023年全国统一高考英语试卷（新高考Ⅰ）The goal of this book is to make the case for
digital minimalism，including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works，and then
to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.
To do so，I divided the book into two parts.In part one，I describe the philosophical foundations
of digital minimalism，starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many
people's digital lives increasingly intolerable，before moving on to a detailed discussion of the
digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy：the digital
declutter.This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.At
the end of the thirty days，you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online
activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one，I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.In
doing so.I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform
a digital declutter.You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for
them，and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate a
sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle.In these chapters ， I examine issues such as the
importance of solitude and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time
most now spend on mindless device use.Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices，
which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.You can view these practices as
a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular
circumstances.
5.What is the book aimed at？ ______
A. Teaching critical thinking skills.
B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Solving philosophical problems.
D. Promoting the use of a digital device.6.What does the underlined word" declutter"in paragraph 3 mean？ ______
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
7.What is presented in the final chapter of part one？ ______
A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods.
C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses.
8.What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two？ ______
A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends.
C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them.
回顾知识体系回顾核心考点
阅读理解做题步骤 题文同序
1. 先看题干；确定关键词
2. 带着关键词，去文中准确定位；
3. 结合题干问题，对比文本和选项；
4. 细节理解题，同义替换是答案。
英语阅读，明明每个单词都认识，每个小短句也熟悉，就是连起来不知道什么意思；
每个选项都像是对的，最后的生死二选一总是出错，完美避开正确答案，到底是哪一步出
现了问题？
考点一：例证题1.当题干中出现example,case,illustrate,illustration,exemplify时。
2.返回原文，找出该例证所在的位置，既给该例子定位。
3.搜索该例证周围的区域，90%向上，10%向下，找出该例证支持的观点。例子周围具有概
括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。
▶▶注意：举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。举例后马上问这个例子说
明了什么问题?不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。
4.找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。
例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是：就事论事。即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去
选。(╳)
▶▶要求：在阅读中，遇到长的例子，立即给这个例子定位，即找出起始点，从哪开始
到哪结束。
考点二指代题
1.返回原文，找出出题的指代词。
2.向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，
一般答案不会离得太远)。
3.将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。
4.将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。
考点三词汇题
“搜索代入”法
①返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。
②确定该词汇的词性
③从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找不到就再往
上往下找)，代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适
④找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相，即答案
▶▶注意：
a.如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。
b.高考阅读不是考察字认识不认识，而是考察是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。
c.词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。注意不能靠单词词义直接往下推。d.寻找时要注意同位语、特殊标点(比如分号，分号前后两句话的逻辑关系不是形式上的并
列就是语义上的并列，也就是两句话的意思相同，所以可用其中一句话的意思来推测另一
句话的意思从而推出所给词汇含义)、定语从句、前后缀，特别要注意寻找时的同性原则。
比如：让猜一个名词词组(动词词组)的意思，我们就向上向下搜索名词词组(动词词组)。
隐蔽型词汇题
题干与原文的某句完全重合，只有一两个词被替换掉。隐蔽型词汇题的做法跟词汇题的做
法几乎一样，往上往下找。
四、句子理解题
1.返回原文找到原句。
2.对原句进行语法和词义的精确分析(找主干)，应该重点抓原句的字面含义。若该句的字面
含义不能确定，则依据上下文进行判断。注意：局部含义是由整体决定的。
3.一般来说，选项中的正确答案与原句意思完全相同，只不过用其他英语词汇换种表达而
已。
4.句子理解题的错误选项干扰项特征：推得过远。做题时应把握住推的度。
▶▶思路：对句子微观分析?不行就依据上下文?选择时不要推得过远。
五、推理题
“最近原则”
1.标志：learn,infer,imply,inform
2.看是否可以通过题干返回原文或依据选项返回原文。一般要围绕文中的一两个重点进行
推理。推理题无论通过题干能不能定位，我们都要把它固化到文章的一两点上。
3.依据原文的意思进行三错一对的判断。先不要进行推理，若有一个选项跟原文的意思一
模一样，则该选项必然是正确答案。
推理题不是考察我们的想象力，它实际是考察我们原文中的某几个点如一个、两个点所涉
及的问题我们读透了没有。因此，不推的比推的好;推的近的比推的远的要好。
4.推理题的最近答案原则：不推的要比推的好，推的近的要比推的远的好，直接推出的
要比间接推的好。(原文的某句话变个说法)
▶▶注意：做题时不能想得太多，推得过远。是否把原文读懂才是关键。六、主旨题
“串线摘帽”
即在自然段少的时候串串线，串线法解不出来时，大帽子、小帽子摘一下。
1.主旨题的标志：mainly about,mainly discuss,the best title
2.串线法：抓首段和其余各段的第一句话，把其意思连接成一个整体。要注意总结性的提
示词和转折词，特别要注意中心句。(主要针对自然段少的文章;针对自然段多的文章，主
旨题最好联系中心句。找一个和中心句最贴近的
3.小心首段陷阱。
4.主旨题错误选项的干扰特征经常是：
①局部信息，即选项的内容小于文章的内容;
②范围过宽，即选项的内容大于文章的内容。
5.逆向思维法、快速作文法：在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，
想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有那些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的
即为正确选项。
七、作者态度题
1.标志：attitude
2.应精确理解四个选项的含义
3.不要掺杂自己的观点。
4.可以寻找文中一些具有感情色彩的词。如：fortunately,excessively,too many
5.举例的方式。
6.抓论述的主线。把第一段读透，把其他各段的段首段尾句拉出来，看整个文章的谋篇结
构。
7.做作者态度题时特别注意：首先看清楚是谁对谁的态度。
八、判断题
1.看可否通过四个选项具体化到文中一点或者根据自然段原则定位。
2.每个选项都应返回原文，不能凭主观印象进行判断。
3.要重点抓是“三错一对”还是“三对一错”的关系(做题是要看清题目)。
九、细节题看完题目回到原文，重叠原文，得出答案
重点题型中的几个问题
词汇题：字面意思不是答案，要根据上下文推测其深刻含义
句子理解题：一般不要求推理，只看句子本身。
推理题：答案很大程度上是原文的重现，不一定非要经过逻辑推理从原文中得出。
正确答案的特征
1.正确答案经常与中心思想有关。
2.正确答案的位置，最常见的三个位置是：段首段尾处、转折处、因果处。
3.正确答案经常运用的原则是：①原文原词。用原文原词作为正确选项。
②同义替换。常见方法有：对原文中的关键词进行同义替换，如把 use up换成run out of;
把原文中的一些词变换词性，如把修饰语important变换成of importance;改变原文句子的
语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换。
③信息归纳。用精炼的语言概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确选项。。
4.从语气角度来看，正确答案中经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的用词。如：
can,may,might,possible,not necessarily,some.
5.正确答案经常具有概括性、深刻性，不能只见树木不见森林。
错误答案的特征
1.文不对题。是原文信息，但不是与题目对应的内容。
2.张冠李戴。细节与原文一致，但把本来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”。
3.无中生有。符合常识，但原文未提及。
4.偷梁换柱。与原文信息极其相似，但在关键信息处改变了或所指对象等从而改变具体内
涵
5.扩缩范围。如原文用almost,all,nearly,more than,normally,转换。usually等词对信息加以限
制，干扰选项则改变了限定范围。
6.颠倒是非。与原文信息大相径庭甚至完全相反。
7.正误参半。内容部分正确，部分错误。
易混易错归纳【易错题01】 细节理解题
1. （2022全国甲卷）After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began
to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in
Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the
islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided
I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just
wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world,
eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered
she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del
Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she
says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I
wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
29. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?
A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation.
【答案】 C
【错误分析】 首先，抓不住题干细节，不能迅速定位到文中对应段落进行有效精准翻译，
同时对文中长难句翻译时不会有效断句和提取主干。
【解题思路】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get
last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego. (正是在
智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知，
是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。
【易错题02】 推理判断题
1.（ 2022新高考I卷 ）Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is
late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments
not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence
will be accepted.
23.What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade.
C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it.
【答案】 A
【错误分析】 根据已给信息进行综合归纳计算能力欠缺，只注重字面单一意思，不能有效
运算推理。
【解题思路】推理判断题。根据“Late Work”部分“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after
the due date, it will earn a zero. (如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分)”可知，
如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。故选A项。
【易错题03】 主旨大意题
1. Asking for help is a sign of strength rather than weakness. In American culture, the independent
individual is seen as their ideal. As the University of Missouri at St. Louis states on its website
under the heading Key American Values, “Americans have been trained since very early in their
lives to consider themselves as separate individuals who are responsible for their own situations in
life and their own destinies.” The value also makes them think they can do everything themselves,
and makes them feel badly about asking for help when they need it.
What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．What key American values are.
B．Why Americans refuse to ask for help.
C．Asking for help is a sign of strength.
D．Americans are responsible for their life.
【答案】 B
【错误分析】 不会正确分析文章结构，主旨句通常位于段首，无法对上下文进行长难句划
分并合理翻译。
【解题思路】段落大意题。本段第一句指出了本文的主旨大意，但是接着话锋一转，讲到
在美国，由于受到传统文化的影响，人们一般都不愿求助于人，本段主要解释了“美国人
为什么一般都不愿求助于人”这个问题。Passage1
(2024年青海省百所名校高考英语二模试卷)People may form inaccurate impressions about us
from our social media posts，finds new Cornell University research that is the first to examine
perceptions（认知） of our personalities based on online posts.
An annlysis of online status updates found great difference between how viewers saw the authors
across a range of personality traits，and the authors' self-perceptions.
Viewers rated the Internet users on average as having lower self-esteem and being more self-
revealing，for example.than the users rated themselves.Status updates containing photos，videos
or links in addition to text facilitated more accurate assessments than those with just text.the
researchers found.
Overall，they said，the study sheds light on the dynamic process by which a cyber audience tries
to make sense of who we are from isolated fragments （碎片） of shared information，jointly
constructing our digital identity.
"The impression people form about us on social media based on what we post can differ from the
way we view ourselves."said Qi Wang，professor of psychology and director of the Culture
&Cognition Lab."A mismatch between who we are and how people perceive us could influence
our ability to feel connected online and the benefits of engaging in social media interaction."
The Cornell researchers believe their study is the first to investigate audience perceptions of social
media users through their posts.On platforms，users often share fragmentary personal narratives
while interacting with"friends"they may know only a little or sometimes not at all.
Interestingly，the study found that online status updates generated perceptions of users that were
consistent with cultural standards in offline contexts concerning gender and ethnicity—even
though viewers were blind to their identities.Wang said the findings could help developers design interfaces that allow people to express
themselves most authentically.
"If people's view of us is very different from who we actually are，or how we would like to be
perceived，"Wang said，"it could harm our social life and well-being."
1.What may your online posts lead to？ ______
A. Authentic digital identity. B. Viewer's misjudgment of you.
C. Less social media interaction. D. Making more online friends.
2.Which of the following will least reveal your personality？ ______
A. A link with text. B. A pure video post.
C. A plain text post. D. A text post with photos.
3.Who will be most interested in these findings？ ______
A. Online web viewers. B. Internet bloggers.
C. Computer repairmen. D. Social media developers.
4.What does Wang think of the result of the research？ ______
A. Profitable. B. Meaningless. C. Useful. D. Unpractical.
Passage2
(2024 年青海省百所名校高考英语二模试卷)First established in 2000 to help thousands of
working donkeys in Israel and the Palestinian Territories，the charity Safe Haven for Donkeys
has begun working with an Egyptian partner organisation，the Bridge Foundation，to provide
care to the donkeys in the ElSaf region of Egypt.
Thousands of donkeys and mules work in the brick kilns（砖窑） in Egypt，of which there are
approximately 1.000，carrying 1.4 to 1.6 tonnes of bricks and moving at an intense pace to
prevent unfired bricks from cracking in the heat.Due to a lack of expert veterinary（兽医）care，
many of these animals are suffering intense pain from harness wounds，beatings，teeth and hoof
issues and parasitic diseases spread by flies.
Now a collaboration between UK charity Safe Haven for Donkeys and Egyptian community
development charity the Bridge Foundation is providing much-needed relief to these animals.The
project includes a mobile veterinary clinic which treats common injuries and infections and trains
owners on how to best look after their donkeys and mules.Safe Haven for Donkeys CEO Andy Foxcroft said，"Currently，no other animal welfare charity
provides veterinary interventions in these particular kilns，hence the need for Safe Haven's
expertise，on the ground.treating sick and injured animals and providing training for owners and
local professionals（vets and farriers）.This first year is vital as we hope to make a lasting impact
by reducing the unnecessary suffering of working animals.which sadly.is all too common a feature
in the brick kilns."
Safe Haven for Donkeys' work，which helps an estimated 10.000 animals a year.is made possible
by charitable donations that fund the treatment and training that they offer.You can donate at
safehavenAdonkeys.org.
5.What causes the sufferings of the donkeys？ ______
A. The needs of kilns and their owners' cruelty.
B. Lack of expert advice and food shortage.
C. Heavy work and shortage of proper care.
D. Water shortage and the heat of brick kilns.
6.How will Safe Haven for Donkeys help the working donkeys？ ______
A. Offering relief to them. B. Providing training for them.
C. Rescuing them from hard work. D. Monitoring those brick kilns.
7.What does Andy Foxcroft expect Safe Haven for Donkeys to do？ ______
A. Bring about more professional vets.
B. Treat sick and injured animals well.
C. Provide professional training for owners.
D. Shift working animals' situation lastingly.
8.What is the purpose of the last paragraph？ ______
A. To call for donations. B. To summarize the article.
C. To introduce Safe Haven. D. To praise the work of Safe Haven.
Passage3
（2024 年江苏省宿迁市高考英语一模试卷） Countless stories have portrayed the deep
connection between humans and horses，such as classic literary works Black Beauty and The
Chronicles of Narnia.However，the extent to which horses comprehend their human companions
remains a mystery.Recent research has shown that horses can distinguish between humanexpressions of happiness and sadness conveyed through facial movements or vocal tones.
The researchers brought 28 horses into a room one by one，each wearing heart rate monitors as
their actions were recorded.The horse faced two screens playing two different videos ：one
showed a happy person and the other a sad person.A voice was played at the same time，
sounding happy or sad.
When the picture and voice didn't match—for example，if the voice was sad but the picture
showed a happy person—the horse seemed puzzled and looked for a longer time，compared to
the one that did match，as if it knew something didn't make sense. "You could imagine that they
have a particular box in their mind labeled 'human sadness' containing the characteristics of both a
sad face and a sad voice，and that when we are sad，they expect what we say to match how we
look，" said Doctoral Researcher Oceane Liehrmann of the University of Turku，in Finland.
The researchers also saw that horses were more attentive to the screen displaying the happy
face.They looked at it more often and for a longer time and their heart rates increased when they
heard a happy voice and decreased when they heard a sad voice as well.
It is possible that the horses might have associated happy human expressions with positive
memories from their past.Another theory is that seeing a happy person could actually make a
horse feel happier—a process known as emotional contagion. "We don't know whether horses
themselves understand what it is to be sad.It is possible that they learn it means something for a
human，" said Liehrmann.
9.How did the researchers carry out the experiment？ ______
A. By comparing different horses' expressions.
B. By monitoring horses' odd behavior in the lab.
C. By summarizing the characteristics of the horses.
D. By observing horses' reaction to human emotions.
10.What can we learn from the result of the research？ ______
A. Horses had a preference for happy people.
B. Horses were too nervous about the videos.
C. Horses recognized people's identity quickly.
D. Horses looked excited at a voice of sadness.
11.What does the underlined word "contagion" probably mean in the last paragraph？ ______A. Support. B. Influence. C. Outbreak. D. Control.
12.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？ ______
A. Humans Impact Horses Hugely
B. Horses Dislike Sorrowful People
C. Humans and Horses Interact Closely
D. Horses Know When You are Happy
Passage4
（2024年河北省保定市高考英语一模试卷）At every wedding I attended this past year，the
event space has been decorated with family portraits-black-and-white photos of grandparents，
parents in 1970s hairstyles and family heirlooms （传家宝） passed down from generations.
As a child，I used to cry when looking at those reminders.When my husband suggested making a
slideshow of our family photos for our wedding，I realized we barely had any.It was at that time
that I understood just why these kinds of items inspired so many complicated feelings.
My grandparents immigrated from Poland to Cuba in the 1930s.During the Cuban Revolution，
their business and home were shut down.The family came to the United States in 1968，leaving
everything but a few pieces of clothing behind.My grandparents and mother responded to the pain
they had experienced by holding on to things.
Today，when my mother comes to visit，she still brings bags full of useful items even if we have
plenty of food.A full cupboard，a house stocked with usable objects，is the ultimate expression
of love.
Like many who are privileged （幸运） enough not to have to worry about having basic
things，I tended to admire the opposite —the empty spaces of yoga studios，the delightful
feeling of sorting through a pile of stuff that I could abandon.
Now that my brother and I have come of age，my parents have both expressed a desire to
downsize our possessions.I went through the things that mattered most to me：the books I loved
as a child；the CDs made by friends；the college textbooks I never remembered to return.They
say that we can appreciate the objects we used to love deeply just by saying goodbye to them.But I
didn't want to give any of them up because they filled with memories of a person I once was，and
a person that part of me always will be.13.The author realized the meaning of family old items when ______ .
A. she was attending a friend's wedding
B. she was preparing for her own wedding
C. her family came to the United States in 1968
D. her mother came to visit，bringing bags full of useful items
14.What does the author want to show us by sharing her grandparents' story？ ______
A. In the old days，the elders suffered a lot.
B. The Cuban Revolution brought people much pain.
C. Some old items represent one's precious memories.
D. The young should treasure today's happy life.
15.Why didn't the author want to give up her previous objects？ ______
A. They were the symbols of love.
B. They gave her a sense of identity.
C. They reminded her of the old days.
D. They were no longer available anywhere.
16.What can we infer from this text？ ______
A. Lost time won't return any longer.
B. A picture is worth a thousand words.
C. Some sort of stuff is worth keeping.
D. It's never too late to make a change.
Passage5
（2024年广东省湛江市高考英语二模试卷）Lexi is just a little girl from Canada who found
herself in a heart-stopping situation.It started off as a normal car trip.Angela Shymanski，Lexi's
mom，was at the wheel，navigating the tricky roads of the Rockies with her daughter Lexi and
her baby Peter in the car.An unexpected animal ran into the road.Angela swerved （突然转向）
to avoid the animal.Unfortunately，their car was off the road，falling down a steep embankment
（路堤）.
The crash was nothing short of terrifying.Angela ended up with a broken back.She was
unconscious，and unable to help her babies.Meanwhile ，baby Peter's cries echoed in thechaos.But Lexi，only five years old，didn't freeze.Instead，she showed courage that would leave
many grown-ups in awe.
She quickly jumped into action.The little girl，without even shoes on her feet，wrestled free
from her seatbelt and climbed the 40-foot embankment.Once she reached the top，Lexi did
everything she could to flag down a passing car in order to get help for her mom and brother.
Lexi's insistence finally paid off.A car stopped，and the people inside didn't hesitate to help her
call for emergency services.When the paramedics （护理人员） arrived，they found Angela in
a severe state，and her heart had stopped.Thankfully，they managed to bring her back.
Lexi's dad，reflecting on the incident，couldn't help but be amazed by his daughter's bravery.He
stressed how important it is for kids to be prepared for emergencies，shocked at how Lexi
remembered and acted on what she had been taught.It's a powerful reminder of what kids can do
when push comes to shove.
And Lexi's heroism didn't go unnoticed.She was awarded a Bronze Medal for Bravery by the
police.But for the Shymanskis，the real prize was being back in each other's arms，safe and
sound.
17.What caused the accident？ ______
A. The tough road. B. The children's noise.
C. A car that suddenly swerved. D. An animal appearing suddenly.
18.What was Lexi's first move after the accident？ ______
A. Putting on her shoes. B. Managing to get out of the car.
C. Flagging down a passing car. D. Scaling the 40-foot embankment.
19.What can we learn about Lexi from paragraph 5？ ______
A. Her heroic action deserved recognition.
B. Her dad knew her daughter well enough.
C. She had learned how to deal with emergencies.
D. It was important for her to face some emergencies.
20.Which of the following can best describe Lexi？ ______
A. Brave and honest. B. Calm and courageous.
C. Thoughtful but stubborn. D. Caring but naughty.
Passage6（2024年陕西省渭南市高考英语一模试卷）Courage is a huge theme in my life，a quality I
constantly seek，appreciate，and analyze.The root of"courage"is "cor，"the Latin word for
heart.Originally，courage meant"to speak one's mind by telling all one's heart."While courage is
often associated with heroism nowadays，I believe true courage lies in being open and honest
about who we are and how we feel.
I recently witnessed an example of true courage.During a mountain-climbing trip with my 15-
year-old daughter and some college students，I noticed her struggling to keep up with the
group.Despite my suggestions to rest，she persisted until she couldn't breathe properly.
Panicked，I called out to the front for help，but there was no response，and we had no cellphone
signal.Fortunately，two students just came back to check out on us.They offered assistance and
calmed us down.As we continued at a slower pace，they shared their own experiences，from
starting out as beginners like my daughter to becoming consistently among the first to reach the
peak.
"You know，"one of them said，looking at my daughter，"I was just like you when I started.But
with practice and proper pace，you'll get there too."
"Yeah，don't let your lack of experience stop you，"the other added."It's okay to admit when
you're struggling or not feeling alright.In fact，it's important to speak up and ask for help when
you need it.That's how we improve and grow."
Reaching the mountain top was a huge relief for both my daughter and me.However，the two
students addressed the celebrating group directly，emphasizing the importance of staying together
in tough environments.Their words led the group to apologize to us for overlooking our struggle.
I was totally amazed at their bravery，and my daughter learned that it's okay to be the least
experienced in a group.Courage，I've come to realize，has a ripple effect.Each time we choose
courage，we inspire those around us to be a little brave r and make the world a little better.
21.Why does the author mention the original meaning of courage？ ______
A. To argue for the true essence of courage.
B. To question the common belief of courage.
C. To show the changing meaning of courage.
D. To compare different interpretations of courage.
22.What did the two students suggest the daughter do？ ______A. Challenge her own limits. B. Seek help whenever possible.
C. Keep to a suitable pace. D. Stick with experienced climbers.
23.Which action in the mountain-climbing story is an example of true courage？ ______
A. The mother asked the girl to rest.
B. The girl tried hard not to fall behind.
C. The group celebrated the reach of the top.
D. The two students pointed out the group's fault.
24.What does the author intend to tell us？ ______
A. Kindness connects us all.
B. Being a beginner takes courage.
C. With courage，everyone can be perfect.
D. We don't have to be a hero to be brave.
Passage7
（2024 年广东省广州市高考英语二模试卷）Renewable energy sources can help combat
climate change，but dietary choices also play a significant role.Opting for plant-based diets or
lab-grown food can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the food system.We highlight the
potential of dietary changes and the importance of providing choices instead of mandates （命
令）.
Research shows that a global shift towards vegetarian（素食的） diets could cut emissions from
food system by over half.Even small changes towards plant-based diets can have a meaningful
impact.Substituting conventional food with lab-grown alternatives could prevent 1 degree of
future warming.These findings demonstrate the power of dietary changes in addressing climate
challenges.
Dietary choices are influenced by factors like culture，religion，and economics.It is unrealistic to
expect everyone to become vegetarian immediately.Respecting individual choices is crucial in
promoting sustainable diets.By offering information and raising awareness，individuals can make
choices according to their needs and values while contributing to collective efforts.
Transforming industrial food production is necessary ， but individual choices are stillvital.Education and awareness campaigns can inform people about the environmental impact of
different dietary choices and empower them to make informed decisions.Combining individual
actions with systematic changes can create a powerful force for human health and the planet，
Rather than expecting immediate vegetarianism，acknowledging the impact of small changes is
important.Gradual shifts towards more sustainable dietary choices，like reducing animal product
consumption and increasing vegetable intake，can result in significant environmental benefits
when multiplied across populations.
In conclusion，addressing climate change requires multiple approaches，with dietary choices
playing a crucial role.Offering choices while recognizing the challenges associated with dietary
shifts is essential.By combining personal dietary changes with broader efforts to reshape the food
system，we can make substantial progress towards a healthier planet while respecting individual
preferences.
25.Which is a dietary choice to reduce greenhouse gas emissions？ ______
A. Choosing plant-based diets.
B. Choosing renewable energy sources.
C. Giving the command for dietary changes.
D. Increasing consumption of processed food.
26.How does the author show the effects of dietary changes in paragraph 2？ ______
A. By answering questions. B. By listing a figure.
C. By analyzing the reasons. D. By using a quotation.
27.What's the author's attitude towards small dietary changes？ ______
A. Indifferent. B. Skeptical. C. Favorable. D. Objective.
28.What is the best title for the text？ ______
A. Small changes in life choices can make big impacts
B. Renewable energy sources can reduce gas emissions
C. Lab-grown nutritional food could prevent future warming
D. The power of dietary choices in fighting climate change
