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专题 03 介词和介词短语
目录
一、考情解读............................................................................................................................................1
二、命题分析预测....................................................................................................................................1
三、考点必备知识通关............................................................................................................................1
四、难点突破..........................................................................................................................................17
五、考法解题能力提升..........................................................................................................................20
六、精选考点题型专练..........................................................................................................................21
一、考情解读
1.掌握介词的常见用法及易混介词的辨析。
2.掌握介词与其他词类所构成的一些固定搭配。
3.掌握定语从句中介词的用法。
二、命题分析预测
1.介词通常是高考的必考点,一般每套试卷中都会设置1道题。主要考查介词的基本用法和
习惯搭配。
2.高考对介词的基本用法的考查主要涉及常规介词的常用含义。
3.高考对习惯搭配的考查主要涉及介词与动词、形容词、名词构成的固定搭配。
三、考点必备知识通关
考点1 介词
知识1 表示"时间"的介词
1.at, on, in
介词 用法 例句
at 表示在某一时刻 at 2 o'clock在两点钟
表示在进餐时间 at breakfast/lunch/supper 在吃早饭/午饭/晚饭
表示在一天中的某个时间点 at midnight在午夜;at dawn在
黎明;at sunset在日落时;at
nightfall在傍晚
on 表示在特定的某一天 on Tuesday在周二;on New
Year's Day在元旦;on the
tenth of May在5月10日
表示在某一天的早晨、中午 on a cold night在一个寒冷的
或晚上 夜晚;on the morning of July
15 在7月15日上午
用于"on+动词-ing/动作名 On arriving/On his arrival at
词"结构 the hotel, he was greeted by
the president. 他一到达宾馆
就受到总统的欢迎。
in 表示在某段时间内,如:年、 in the 20th century在20世
月、日、周、季节、上午、 纪;in 1999 在1999年;in
下午等 winter在冬季;in September
在9月;in the evening 在晚上
特别提醒 时间名词前有last, next, this, that, every等修饰时,其前通常不用介词,如:last
night,every morning。
______ November 2017, Marshall saw a person lying in the street after being hit by a car.
【解析】 此处表示"在2017年的11月",在月份前,介词用in,且该空位于句首,注意首字母
要大写,故此处填 In。
2.for, from, since
介词 用法 例句
for 表示"长达……(时间)",后接 She has been ill for two days.
时间段,常与完成时连用 她已经病两天了。
from 表示"从……开始",后接时间 You can come anytime from
点,多用于"from…to/till…"结 Monday to Friday.从周一至周
构 五你任何时间来都行。
since 表示"自……以来",后接时间 We have known each other
点,常与完成时连用 since 2008.自2008年以来,我
们彼此就认识了。
_______ mid-March to mid-April every year, it is the best time to enjoy the beautiful cherry
blossoms.
【解析】 句意:每年的三月中旬到四月中旬,是观赏漂亮樱花的最好时节。from...to...表示"从……到……",符合句意。该空位于句首,注意首字母要大写,故填From。
3.before, by, until(till)
介词 用法 例句
before 表示"在……之前",与after相 Please come before ten
对 o'clock. 请在10点以前来。
by 表示"不迟于,在……之前" I'll have it done by tomorrow.
我将于明天之前让人做完这
件事。
until (till) 表示"直到……为止",在肯 You must wait until/till
定句中常与延续性动词连用, tomorrow. 你必须等到明
在否定句中常与非延续性动 天。I didn't go to bed until 12
词连用 o'clock. 直到12点我才上床
睡觉。
4. in, after, within
介词 用法 例句
in 表示"在……之后","in+时间 I'll come to see you again in a
段"常与将来时连用 few days.过几天我会再来看
你。
after 表示"在……之后","after+时 We'll leave after lunch.我们将
间点/时间段"可用于过去时 在午饭后动身。
和将来时
They arrived after 5.他们5点
之后到的。
within 表示"在……之内",强调事情 I can finish it within an hour.
发生的全过程不超出某一段 我能在一个小时之内把它做
时间 完。
5.during, through, over
介词 用法 例句
during 表示"在……期间",指整个时 What did she say during/in my
间段或一段时间内的某个时 absence? 我不在时她说了什
候,有时可与in互换 么?
through 表示"自始至终",指整个时间 They worked through the
段 night. 他们通宵工作。
表示"边做……的时候",强调 We had a pleasant chat over a
间隙 cup of tea.我们一边喝茶一边
over
愉快地聊天。
表示"在……期间",可与 Will you be home over/during
during互换 the summer vacation?暑假期
间你在家吗?
特别提醒 during和in表示一段时间时,有时可以互换,但二者也有区别。during强调动作的持续性,指"在整个过程中",时间较长。若表示持续性的或习惯性的动作,或指一项活动,在与
visit, meal, concert, voyage, stay等名词连用时,一般只用during。若表示一时的动作或短暂性
动作,强调某事具体发生的时间,通常用in。试比较:
知识2 表示"地点或方位"的介词
1.at, on, to, in, off
介词 用法 例句
at 其后一般接小地方,接地名时, He arrived at the famous town
常将此地视为空间的一点 in Jiangsu at dusk.他黄昏时到
达江苏的那座著名小镇。
on 表示两地接壤
to 表示两地的相对位置,不接壤
Guangdong is on the east of
Guangxi; Fujian lies to the
in 其后一般接大地方或表示在
south of Jiangsu and all of
某个范围之内
them are in China.广东在广西
的东边,福建在江苏南边,它们
都在中国。
off 表示"(时空上)离,距" He lives on an island off the
coast.他住在海岸附近的岛
上。
2.on, above, over
介词 用法 例句
on 表示"在……之上",强调两个 There is a glass on the table, a
物体相接触,反义词是 map of the world on the wall,
underneath and a clock above this map.桌
子上有一个玻璃杯,墙上有一
above 仅表示位置高于某物,但不一
幅世界地图,这幅地图的上方
定在正上方,反义词是below
有一个钟。
over 表示"在某物的正上方",反义 There is a lamp hanging over
词是under the desk.书桌正上方吊着一
盏灯。
3.along, through, across, by/past
介词 用法 例句
along 表示"沿着"某一路径行进 I saw them running along the
road.我看见他们沿着马路
跑。
through 意为"穿过",表示从内部空间 They walked across the通过 square, and then through the
dark forest.他们走过广场,然
across 表示"横穿",强调从某一物体
后穿过阴暗的森林。
的表面通过
表示"在……对面" My house is just across the
street.我的房子就在街对面。
by/past 意为"经过",表示从某人/某物 He walked by/past me without
的旁边经过 speaking.他一言不发地从我
身边走过。
The new railway winds its way to Jieyang, over mountains, tunnels and _______
rivers.
【解析】 句意:这条新铁路越过群山,穿过隧道,跨过河流,蜿蜒到揭阳。through表示从物
体内部通过,across表示从物体表面横过。故第一空填through,表示"从隧道里面穿过";第二
空填across,表示"横穿河面"。
4.between, among
介词 用法 例句
between 在……之间(指两者),常和 I sat down between Jo and
and连用;也可指三者或三者 Diana. 我在乔和黛安娜中间
以上的每两者之间 坐下。
among 在……之间(指三者或三者以 I found the letter among his
上,或笼统的一群人或一些物 papers. 我在他的文件中找到
之间) 了这封信。
特别提醒
1.如果表示地理上明显的、准确的位置,用between指处于三者或三者以上之间,不用
among。
►Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Austria and Italy.瑞士位于法国、德国、奥地利和
意大利之间。
2.涉及人或事物之间的区别或关系时,常用between。
知识3 表示"工具或手段"的介词
介词 用法 例句
by 表示"靠……手段,用……方 We can realize our dream by
法,凭借……",后可接名词、 working hard. 通过努力我们
代词或动词-ing 可以实现梦想。
"by+表示交通工具的名词"表 by bike/bus(train/plane/ship)
示交通方式。此时名词前不 骑自行车/乘公交车(火车、
加冠词 飞机、船)
"by+水、陆、空等名词"表示 by water/sea/land经水路/海交通方式 路/陆路;by air乘飞机
with 表示"用,使用(某种工具、物 We see with our eyes, hear
品或材料等)"。所接名词前 with our ears, and walk with
应加冠词或形容词性物主代 our legs.我们用眼睛看,用耳
词 朵听,用腿走路。
介词 用法 例句
in 表示"使用(某种语言、材料 The book was written in
等)" Chinese.这本书是用中文写
的。
on 表示"通过,使用,借助于" She learns English on the
radio/on TV.她通过收音机/电
视学英语。
特别提醒
1."in(on)+表示交通工具的名词"也可表示交通方式。此时名词前要有冠词、名词所有格或
形容词性物主代词等。
►I went there in a car/on my bike.我乘小汽车/骑自行车去了那里。
2.不同介词表达 "用这种方式/方法" 的不同搭配:
in this way by this means with this method
In India, for example, most people traditionally eat _______ their hands.
【解析】 此处指用手吃饭,故填with。
知识4 表示"关于"的介词
介词 用法 例句
of 表示"关于"人或事物的存在 He spoke of the film the other
day.他前几天提到了这部影
片。
about 表示"关于"某人或某事物的 I happened to know about him.
一般情况 我碰巧了解到他的情况。
on 表示"关于"学术性的或严肃 It's a textbook on the history of
的、供专门研究用的对象 China.它是一本有关中国历
史的教科书。
According to Miao, policies _______ promoting the development of digital economy will also be
published in the country.
【解析】 此处表示"关于促进数字经济发展的政策",故填介词on,表示"关于"。
知识5 表示"原因或理由"的介词
介词 用法 例句for 常与表示闻名、奖罚等意义 Xi'an is famous for its long
的形容词或动词连用,如 history.西安因历史悠久而著
famous,known,praise,punish 名。
等
at 常与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等 He was surprised at the news.
的形容词(如 听到这个消息他很惊讶。
happy,pleased,angry,delighted
等)连用,表示产生这种情感
的原因
with 常与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等 He shouted loudly with anger.
的抽象名词连用,强调随着心 他气得大喊大叫。
理变化而产生的情感变化
from 常接抽象名词,表示自然或间 She felt sick from tiredness.她
接原因 累得浑身不对劲。
of 多用于表示自身的原因;也常 Her friend died of cancer.她的
用于某些与情感相关的形容 朋友死于癌症。
词后
His father is proud of him.他
父亲为他感到骄傲。
知识6 表示"标准或单位"的介词
介词 用法 例句
at 表示"以……速度,以……价 He drove at a speed of 80
格",表示单价或按……出 miles per hour.他以每小时80
售/买进时,at后可接具体的钱 英里的速度开车。
数或抽象的价格(如a
I sold my car at a high price.我
high/fair/good price)
高价出售了我的汽车。
for 表示"以……为交换,以…… He sold his car for 500 dollars.
价钱",for后可接具体的钱数 他以500美元的价格把车卖
或其他名词,但不能是price 了。
by 表示"以……计",与the连用, They paid him by the month.
后跟时间或量度单位 他们按月给他计酬。
知识7 表示"刻度(温度、气压、深度、海拔等)"的介词
介词 用法 例句
at 表示在某一刻度 at the depth of fifty meters在
五十米深处
above 表示高于某一刻度 By mid-morning, the
temperature was already above
37℃.到早上10点钟,温度已
经超过37摄氏度了。
below 表示低于某一刻度 The temperatures remained
below freezing all day.气温一
整天都保持在冰点以下。
考点1 介词
知识1 常见的介词短语1.at构成的短语
at first起先,首先 at last 最后
at length详细地;最后 at rest静止,不动
at once立刻 at peace和平地
at work在上班 at sea茫然;在海上
at table在吃饭 at the age of在……岁时
at the end of在……末尾 at the foot of在……脚下
at the same time同时at a loss困惑,不知所措
at random随意,随机 at war交战
Many English people, travelling away from home, feel ______ a loss if their favourite tea
bags are not available.
【解析】 at a loss意为"困惑,不知所措",是固定搭配,故用介词at。
2.by构成的短语
by accident偶然 by chance碰巧
by design故意地 by degrees逐渐地
by force用武力 by hand手工
by mistake错误地;无意中 by the way顺便说
by nature天生 by oneself单独地,独自地
3.beyond构成的短语
beyond description难以言表beyond control无法控制
beyond doubt无疑 beyond one's reach够不着
beyond dispute无可争议 beyond repair无法修复
beyond one's understanding无法理解
4.in构成的短语
in advance事先,预先 in case如果,万一
in charge主管,掌管 in common共有,共同
in comfort舒适地 in conclusion最后
in demand需求大 in despair绝望地
in detail详细地,详尽地 in doubt不确定
in effect实际上;有效 in fact事实上in fashion流行 in general 大体上,总体上
in need在贫困中,在危难中 in order按顺序;有序地
in no time立刻,马上 in no way绝不
in return作为回报 in place在正确位置;准备妥当
in short 简言之 in sight看得见
in turn依次;转而 in vain徒劳
The book described_______detail the process of planting tea bushes, harvesting tea leaves, and
preparing for the making of tea.
【解析】 句意:这本书详细介绍了种植茶树、采摘茶叶、准备泡茶的过程。in detail"详细
地",为固定短语,符合语境,故填in。
5.on构成的短语
on display陈列,展出 on foot步行
on guard在值勤 on holiday在度假
on leave在休假 on loan借出
on purpose 故意地 on sale出售;减价出售
on time准时 on average平均
on (the) air正在播送 on the move在移动中
on strike在罢工 on trial受审
on account of由于 on behalf of代表
on the contrary与此相反 on the point of正要……
6.under构成的短语
under consideration在考虑中 under construction在建设中
under development在发展中 under examination在审查中
under observation在观察中 under repair在修理中
under test在测试中 under pressure承受压力
In this fast-changing and competitive world, many people are _______ heavy pressure.
【解析】 语境表示"很多人都承受着巨大的压力",under pressure表示"承受压力"。故填
under。7.out of构成的短语
out of balance失去平衡out of breath上气不接下气
out of control失去控制 out of date过时的
out of order出故障 out of patience不耐烦
out of place不适当,不得体 out of the question不可能
out of reach够不着out of shape变形
out of sight看不见 out of style过时,不时髦
out of touch失去联系 out of work失业
8."in+名词+of"结构
in advance of在……之前,预先,事先
in case of如果 in celebration of 庆祝……
in charge of 负责,管理 in course of在……的过程中
in danger of有……的危险 in front of 在……前面
in favour of 赞同,支持 in fear of担心,害怕
in memory of为纪念…… in need of 需要
in place of代替 in possession of 拥有
in praise of 称赞 in pursuit of 追寻
in respect of 关于,就……而言 in search of寻找
in spite of 不管,尽管 in support of支持
in terms of就……而言 in view of 鉴于,考虑到
in consequence of 作为……的结果,由于
in defense of为了保卫……,为……辩护
in honour of为纪念……,为向……表示敬意
易混辨析 "in+名词+of"与"in+the+名词+of"
1.主动与被动的差别:in charge of(负责,掌管),in the charge of(由……掌
管);in control of(控制,管理),in the control of(由……控制,由……管理);in possession of(占有,拥
有), in the possession of(为……所有,被……占有)。
2.范围差别:in front of("在……前面",强调外部),in the front of("在……前面",强调内部)。
9."in+名词+for"结构
in exchange for 作为……的交换 in preparation for 为……做准备
in return for 作为对……的回报 in reward for 作为……的报酬10."in+名词+to"结构
in addition to 除……之外 in answer to 回答,响应
in response to 回答,响应 in reference/regard to 关于
in contrast to与……形成对比
in opposition to 对比,对照;强烈反对
in reply to 作为……的回答(答复)
11."in+名词+with"结构
in contact with与……有联系 in harmony with 与……协调
in line with与……一致/相符 in touch with 和……接触,和……有联系
12."其他词+of"结构
because of 因为 instead of 代替,而不是
inside of 在……的内部 regardless of 不顾,不管
outside of 在……的外面;除……以外
ahead of 在……的前面,领先于……
13."其他词+to"结构
according to 根据 as to 至于,关于
contrary to 与……相反 due to/owing to 由于
next to 紧挨着 thanks to 幸亏,由于
易混辨析 表示"原因"的介词短语
介词短语 用法 例句
because of 一般作状语,不作表语,位于句 Because of illness,the boy did
首或句中 not go to school.这个男孩因
为生病没去上学。
owing to 通常作状语,一般不作表语 The flight was delayed owing
to technical reasons. 本次航
班由于技术原因被推迟。
due to 通常作表语或状语,一般不位 The failure is due to his
于句首 carelessness.失败是由他的粗
心造成的。
thanks to 只能作状语,多表示正面意义, Thanks to you, everyone
有时也表示讽刺含义 knows about it now! 多亏了
你, 现在大家都知道这件事
了!
Thanks _______ Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, the tea has earned a high reputation.【解析】 句意:茶享有盛誉,这多亏清朝的乾隆皇帝。这里应用短语Thanks to,表示"因为,
多亏",故填介词to。
14.from…to…结构的短语
from beginning to end从头到尾 from day to day一天又一天
from head to foot/toe从头到脚 from morning to night从早到晚
from time to time不时地 from place to place到处
from door to door挨家挨户 from top to bottom从上到下,彻底地
from generation to generation 一代一代地
15.with构成的短语
with regard to关于 with respect to关于,就……而言
with the help of在……的帮助下
16.其他介词短语
along with与……一起 apart from除……之外
as a result of由于,因为 but for 要不是
for fear of唯恐 for lack of由于缺少
for life一生,终身 together with连同
for the good of 为了……的利益 for the sake of 为了……起见
to the point 简洁中肯,简明恰当 up to 直到;由……决定
by means of 借助……手段;依靠……方法
on condition that 假如, 在……的条件下
易混辨析 表示"范围"的介词(短语)
介词(短语) 用法 例句
besides "除……之外(还有)" ,除去的 There are three more visitors
部分也包括在整体之内 besides me.除我之外,还有三
位访客。
except "除……之外",除去的部分不 You can take any of the apples
包括在整体之内 except this one.除了这个,你可
以拿走这些苹果中的任何一
个。
except for "除……之外",用于引出细节 The roads were empty except
以修正或补充句子的主要意 for a few cars.除了几辆小汽
思 车,马路上空荡荡的。
apart from 具有多重意义,既可代替 Apart from(=Except for) the
besides,也可代替except for kitchen, the house is very nice.
这座房子除了厨房,哪儿都
好。知识2 动词/名词/形容词与介词的常见搭配
1."动词+介词"类
搭配 动词
动词+about care, dream, talk, think, worry等
动词+at aim, glare, glance, knock, laugh, look, point,
shout, stare等
动词+for call, care, hunt, long, look, pay, search, stand,
wait等
动词+from benefit, date, differ, hear, recover, result, suffer
等
动词+in believe, hand, join, lie, participate, result等
动词+of approve, complain, consist, die, dream, think等
动词+on call, carry, concentrate, depend, focus, insist,
rely等
动词+to appeal, attend, belong, contribute, devote, lead,
refer, respond等
2."名词+介词"类
搭配 名词
名词+for desire, reason, sympathy等
名词+in faith, interest, confidence等
名词+on congratulations, effect, impact, influence等
名词+to access, answer, approach, attitude, devotion,
key, solution等
3."形容词+介词"类
搭配 形容词
形容词+about anxious, careful, curious, particular, serious,
sorry, worried等
形容词+at angry, good/bad, disappointed, surprised等
形容词+in absorbed, experienced, interested, involved等
形容词+for eager, famous, fit, prepared, ready, responsible,
sorry, thankful等
形容词+from absent, different等
形容词+of afraid, ashamed, aware, fond, proud, short,
tired, worthy等
We found that singing as part of a group contributes ______ people's recovery from mental healthproblems.
【解析】 句意:我们发现合唱有助于人们精神健康问题的康复。contribute to 是固定搭配,
在此表示"有助于",故填to。
搭配 形容词
形容词+to close, contrary, equal, familiar, opposite, polite,
relative, similar等
形容词+with busy, content, patient, pleased, popular,
satisfied等
四、难点突破
1.for
含义 例句
就……而言 She's tall for her age.从她这个年龄看,她个子
算是高的。
因为,由于 Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢
谢你帮我学习英语。
支持,拥护 Are you for or against this plan? 你是支持还
是反对这个计划?
表示对象、用途、目的 There is a letter for you.有你的一封信。
This knife is for cutting bread.这把刀是切面包
用的。
表示时间、距离 I usually run for an hour in the morning. 早晨
我通常跑步一小时。
We drove on for a few miles.我们继续往前开
了几英里。
表示去向 The train for Paris is leaving.开往巴黎的火车
就要开了。
【注意】 for还常用在一些固定搭配中,如:for example/instance(比如), for certain(确定,无疑)。
Holmwood, who translated A Hero Born, told China Daily, "It's a big moment _______ Chinese
fiction abroad."
【解析】 句意:翻译《英雄诞生》(《射雕英雄传》第1卷)的Holmwood告诉《中国日
报》:"对中国小说在国外来说,这是一个重大时刻。"此处表示对象,故应用介词for。
2.off
含义 例句
从(某处)落下 I fell off my bike.我从自行车上摔了下来。
从……分离 Let's take the picture off the wall.咱们把那幅画从墙上取下来吧。
Keep off the grass. 勿践踏草坪。
(时空上)离…… The island is about 100 miles off the coast.这座
岛离海岸大约100英里。
离开;偏离 The ship was blown off the course.那艘船被风
吹得偏离了航线。
不想,戒除 He is off cigarettes.他戒烟了。
下班,休息 She comes off duty at 5 o'clock.她五点钟下
班。
She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went _______ the road.
【解析】 句意:她开车开得太快了,在拐弯处汽车几乎偏离了公路。此处用介词off,表
示"偏离"。
3.against
含义 例句
反对,违反 Many people have been against the idea from
the start.许多人从一开始就反对这个主意。
碰,撞,倚,紧靠 Rain beats against the window. 雨打在窗户
上。
His desk is against the wall. 他的书桌紧靠着
墙。
迎着,逆着 We sailed against the wind.我们逆风航行。
与……比赛/竞争 We are playing against the league champions
next week. 下周我们要和联赛冠军队比赛。
衬托,以……为背景 The little red house looks so beautiful against
the green woods. 那座红色的小屋在绿林中
显得那么美。
以防 They took precautions against fire.他们采取了
防火措施。
4.beyond
含义 例句
表示位置,意为"在……的那边;在更远处" The sea is beyond the hill.大海在山的那边。
表示时间,意为"迟于;晚于" Some shops keep open beyond midnight.有些
商店营业到午夜以后。
表示范围、水平、限度、能力等,意为"超出; The apple is beyond my reach.我够不着那个
为……所不能及" 苹果。They succeeded beyond our hopes.他们
成功了,这超出了我们的期望。
意为"除……之外" She's got nothing beyond her state pension.除
了政府发的养老金外,她什么都没有。5.with
含义 例句
和,同,和……在一起 She lives with her parents. 她和父母住在一
起。
有,具有,带有 She is a woman with a sense of humor. 她是
一位有幽默感的女士。
随着 People tend to grow more patient with age. 人
随着年龄的增长往往会越来越有耐心。
表示覆盖有或装有 Fill the bowl with sugar.把这个碗装满糖。
顺着,与……方向一致 We sailed with the wind.我们顺风航行。
用于"with+宾语+宾补"结构 With the sun shining brightly, let's go for a
swim. 阳光明媚,咱们去游泳吧。
At the end of the trip, I came home _______ a great sense of fulfillment.
【解析】 with在此表示"具有,带有",with a great sense of fulfillment表示"带着一种极大
的满足感"。故填with。
In my opinion, wine improves _______ age, and it is the same with friendship.
【解析】 句意:依我看,年份越久远酒香越醇厚,友谊也一样。with"随着……"符合句意。
故填
五、考法解题能力提升
命题透视介词短语以及动词、名词、形容词等与介词的搭配,是高考考查的热点和难点。语
法填空常考查固定搭配中介词的选用。
方法点拨 分析语境,注意常用搭配
从具体语境出发,理清命题意图。考生除了牢记一些固定的介词短语外,还要注意一些动词、
名词或形容词与介词常见的搭配,尤其是当某一单词与不同介词搭配表达不同含义时,选用介
词要结合所给文段的具体语境。
After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get adegree _______ engineering or architecture.
【解析】 degree与介词in搭配,表示某专业的学位。故填in。
Most of us are more focused_______our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
【解析】 句意:我们中的大多数人早上会比我们一天中的晚些时候更加专注于我们的工
作。be focused on 意为"专注于……"。故填on。
命题透视介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一,同一个介词可有不同的意思,相同的意思又可用不
同的介词表达,这样就为高考命题提供了广阔的空间。高考常设置特定语境来考查热点介词
的用法:常用于表示时间、方式、方位等。
方法点拨 广积介词用法,注意"一介多义"
在平时学习中,考生要学会归纳积累,掌握每个介词的主要用法,弄清易混介词用法的异同,
根据语境灵活选用介词。重点掌握常见介词的常见用法:against(与……相反,违反,逆着);
for(因为,就……而言);with(随着)等。也要注意常见介词的不常见用法:but(除了);on/upon
(一……就);in(穿着); against(紧靠)等。
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your
mum's home _______ dinner,get a few cooking tips from her.
【解析】 句意:如果你不想被这个问题所困,那么我建议,下次你去你妈妈家吃晚饭时,从
她那儿获得一些有关烹饪的窍门儿。空格后的名词dinner是"go to your mum's home"的目的,
故用介词for表示目的。
考法总结 此题考查的是介词for表示"目的",属于其基本含义。for的其他常考用法
有:①(表示去向)往,向,如leave for(动身去……) ②表示对象、用途 ③表示一段时间,如for
two years (两年) ④因为,由于 ⑤就……而言。
六、精选考点题型专练
1. The city museum closes ________7 o’clock in the evening.
A. at B. from C. on D. of
2. Humans can not make progress _______ dreams.
A. with B. without C. through D. about3. Cao Yuan, a 22-year-old Chinese scientist, was regarded ________ one of the 10 top people by
Nature in 2019.
A. as B. for C. in D. at
4. —Su Bingtian is the winner of the IAAF World Indoor Tour(国际田联室内巡回赛).
— ________, he is a talented runner.
A. Without doubt B. For example C. Once in a while D. All of a sudden
5. —Excuse me. Where is the nearest bookstore?
—Go ____Center Street and you’ll find it.
A. for B. along C. with
6. He drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went ______ the road.
A. off B. on C. along D. behind
7.—Could you tell me how I can improve my English?
—Sure. _______, you could speak it as much as possible.
A. After all B. In the end C. By the way D. First of all
8. A recent study in Australia shows that parents are _______ the top five world’s hardest
jobs.
A. between B. among C. from D. above
9. John often takes a walk _______ his grandpa after dinner.
A. to B. for C. along D. with
10. The People’s Republic of China was founded October, 1st, 1949. We’ll celebrate
its70th anniversary this year.
A. in B. on C. at
11.—Is Mr. Green at home?
—Sorry, I don’t know. But you can call him _______ 340-5261.
A. in B. with C. by D. at
12. —New China was set up in 1949.
—Every Chinese knows her 70th birthday is October 1, 2019.
A. in B. at C. on D. by
13. Light comes in ______ the window.
A. across B. cross C. through
14.I want to learn a second foreign language ______ English.
A.except B.beside C.besides D.except for15. I’m going out. I’ll be back ________ an hour.
A. at B. on C. in D. from
6. In the world, more than 30% of schools do not provide safe drinking water _________ about
570 million children.
A. with B. for C. towards
17. —Do you have this T— shirt in a different color?
—I’m afraid not. It only comes ________ red.
A. of B. in C. for
18. I enjoy talking with my classmates _____ our way to school.
A. on B. at C. in D. under
19. —I want to watch TV the whole day after the long journey.
—You shouldn’t watch TV too much. It’s bad _______ your eyes.
A. on B. in C. for D. with
20. —Hi, Bob. You don’t look well. What’s the matter_______ you?
—I talked too much and didn’t have any water last night. I have a sore throat now.
A. in B. of C.with
21. Let’s take a walk _______ the river after dinner, shall we?
A. along B. through C. upon D. over
22. Amarathon was held in Yancheng _________ 21st April, which drew 12,000 runners.
A. on B. in C. at D. by
23. Change the information you read into a mind map_______, you can remember it well and
think of it later easily.
A. In this way B. At the same time. C. On the other hand
24. —When did Neil Armstrong walk on the moon?
—_______ July 20th, 1969.
A. In B. At C. For D. On
25.. —Is that your headmaster?
—You mean the man _______ blue?
A. on B. with C. in
26. Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily ______ the windows.
A. against B. across C. above D. below
27. He wrote his phone number ______ a piece of paper.A. on B. for C. in D. from
28. ________ the help of modern technology, scientists got a photo of a black hole.
A. At B. In C. On D. With
29.Stephen Hawking was famous a scientist, he made a great contribution to the world,
and he died March 14th,2018.
A. for; on B. as; in C. as; on
30. —Do you agree ______ my plan?
—Yes, it is wonderful.
A. in B. with C. of
31.—What do you like to do in your spare time？
—I like collecting train tickets, and I have a collection of 100 now
A. in common B. in total C. in danger D. in silence
32.Dragon Boat Festival fell June 18th this year.
A. in B. to C. on D. from
33.（2020皖南八校联考,67）One artist showed us how to paint the facial mask on our face, and
the other taught us the typical moves step step.
34.（2020辽宁五校协作体联考,66）In the Song dynasty, teahouses existed all over cities and
villages, a rate comparable with that of restaurants.
35.（2020河南洛阳第一次联考,65）Hu He, one of China Daily’s website editors currently
working in New York, gave me and other colleagues each a supply goji berries.
36.（2020全国Ⅱ,64）Oranges: Orange trees are more decoration; they are a symbol
of good fortune and wealth.
37.（2020 全国 Ш,70）The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist
earth, Mother Nature.
38.（2020浙江1月,59）This aging of the population is driven two factors.
39.（2020浙江,58）Farming produced more food per person hunting and gathering, so
people were able to raise more children.
40.（2020北京,6）Over time, the bags fall apart countless tiny pieces, and fish can
accidentally eat some of them.
41.（2019 全国 Ι,63）Modern methods tracking polar bear populations have been
employed only since the mid-1980s...42.（2019北京,5）First celebrated 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190
countries and regions(地区).
43.（2018全国Ι,65）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is
more effective at lengthening life walking, cycling or swimming.
44.（2018北京,14）—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment next Wednesday afternoon.
45.（2018 全国Ⅱ,65）Corn uses less water rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥)
runoff.
46.（2017甲卷(全国Ⅱ),62）It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid
terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and work.
47.（2017北京,35）Many people who live along the coast make a living the fishing
industry.
48.（2017天津,12）When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be
trees that are over 1,000 years old.
49.（2017江苏,33）—What does the stuff on your T-shirt mean?
—It’s nothing. Just something the top of my head.
50.（2017江苏,32）Determining where we are relation to our surroundings remains
an essential skill for our survival.
51.（2017天津,13）We offer an excellent education to our students. return, we expect
students to work hard.
52（2016浙江,7）The study suggests that the cultures we grow up influence the basic
processes by which we see the world around us.
A专项语篇型填空(介词和介词短语)
As we know, water is very important 1 man. However, when my classmates and I went
to town together 2_ _ bike one Saturday, we found many car washes on both sides of the road.
Now towns are badly short 3 fresh water. We should save every drop of water 4 our
daily life. Water, especially fresh water, is very important to us. We should be clear 5 the
fact and I hope the government can take measures to solve the problem as soon as possible. Do
you agree __ 6 me on this point?
As students, we should do our part 7 protecting water. Firstly, we should get into a
habit of saving water, electricity and paper. Moreover, recycle whatever we can, 8 the waterthat has been used. Last but not least, don’t forget to influence those 9 you to follow, and
raise their awareness of saving water! If we don’t act now to protect water, it will run out one day,
which will be a threat 1 0 the survival of us human beings.
B语法填空
（2020湖南六校联考）When HarmonyOS, the Chinese self-developed operating system
for Huawei mobile devices, __1 (release) on Aug. 9, it quickly became a hot topic on social
media. Many believe it not only represents the rise of the country 2 a high-tech power, but
also shows representations of classical Chinese culture by 3 (name) the system "Hongmeng"
in Chinese.
Besides "Hongmeng", Huawei has also registered many of its 4 (product) under the
name of legendary creatures from Chinese mythology. For example, the company’s server chip is
called "Kunpeng", a mythical creature 5 changed from a fish into a giant bird.
6 (actual), Huawei is not alone in using traditional culture for modern enterprises. 7
(base) on the well-known work of classical Chinese mythology, a movie shows Nezha as a
rebellious underdog, who has to overcome hardship and argue with his fate to become a hero, 8
(like) his attractive heroic image in previous cinematic works.
As Global Times put 9 , "Ancient mythology has the power to stimulate contemporary
imagination in young people." After all, imagination is 1 0 beginning of creation.
