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专题 10 阅读回答问题
（北京天津用）
阅读表达题要求学生阅读一篇300词左右的短文，并按照题目要求用英语组织语言回答问题要求考生
能够捕捉并理解文章中出现的具体信息，并结合文中的具体要求进行回答。命题通常有细节表达题，词义
猜测题，推断表达题，主旨表达题和开放题。
In 2016, Wanda Dench was trying to let her grandkids know about the family’s upcoming plans for the holiday
and tried to send a text message to her grandson. But Jamal Hinton, who was a 17-year-old high school student and
complete stranger to Dench at the time, received the text instead.
Once the two Arizona natives realized the mistake, Hinton asked if he could “still get a plate,” according to
screenshots he posted on Twitter. Dench replied, “Of course, you can. That’s what grandmas do...feed everyone.”
Hinton shared the sweet conversation on social media and the story quickly went viral (疯传). They have
celebrated Thanksgiving together every year since, always snapping photos and taking videos, much to the delight
of many following their story.
This year, a very important person is missing from the annual tradition — Dench’s husband, Lonnie. He died
from the coronavirus this spring. Wanda was able to be with him during his final moments.
Dench and Hinton thought about the risks of holding a Thanksgiving celebration amid the pandemic (疫情期
间), weighing if they could figure out a way to get together the day before gathering with their own individual
families. But, they eventually concluded the risk was too high.
In honor of Lonnie, the friends instead held a small gathering on Friday. Dench, her actual grandson, her
daughter, Hinton and his girlfriend, Mikaela, got together for an early Thanksgiving meal. The event was a sharp
contrast from the larger celebrations of years past.
“I didn’t want to miss Thanksgiving with Jamal,” Dench said. “This year is definitely different than all the
years in the past.”
To honor Lonnie, an empty seat and lit candle were placed at the head of the table. The beloved husband
would always say grace before the holiday meal, so this year, Dench led the prayer.“Thank you for all the blessings, and thank you so much for having Lonnie in my life,” Dench said as
everyone sat around the table. “I miss him, but I know he’s in a good place. So to everybody here, I love you and
have a wonderful Thanksgiving.”
1．What was the relationship between Dench and Hinton at the beginning of the story? (no more than 3 words)
2．How do you understand the underlined part in Paragraph 2? (no more than 6 words)
3．Why was this year’s gathering a sharp contrast from the larger celebrations of years past? (no more than 15
words)
4．Why did Dench lead the prayer this year? (no more than 10 words)
5．What do you think of Dench and Hinton's story? And give your reasons. (no more than 20 words)
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了丹齐将发给自己孙子的短信误发给了一个叫欣顿的小伙，
因为这一次“错误”，欣顿收获了几位“家人”，并参与了他们的感恩节聚会。
1．They were strangers. Or: Strangers.
【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段“In 2016, Wanda Dench was trying to let her grandkids know about the
family's upcoming plans for the holiday and tried to send a text message to her grandson. But Jamal Hinton, who
was a 17-year-old high school student and complete stranger to Dench at the time, received the text instead. (2016
年，万达·丹奇试图让她的孙子知道家庭即将到来的假期计划，并试图给她的孙子发短信。但当时对丹奇完
全陌生的17岁高中生贾马尔·辛顿却收到了这条短信)”可知万达·丹奇和贾马尔·辛顿是两个相互不认识的陌
生人。故答案为They were strangers. / Strangers.
2．Still join their family’s Thanksgiving.Or: Celebrate Thanksgiving together with her family.
【解析】考查词句猜测。根据第二段的最后一句“Dench replied, “Of course you can. That’s what grandmas
do...feed everyone.”(丹奇回答说：“你当然可以。这就是奶奶该做的……养活每个人。”)”及第六段的第二
句“Dench, her actual grandson, her daughter, Hinton and his girlfriend, Mikaela, got together for an early
Thanksgiving meal.(丹奇，她的孙子，她的女儿，欣顿和他的女朋友，米凯拉，一起提前吃感恩节晚餐)”，
再结合第一段丹齐错发短信给欣顿的细节可知划线词所在的句子可以理解为欣顿询问：他是否依然可以参
加丹奇家的感恩节晚宴。故划线词可以理解为Still join their family’s Thanksgiving.
3．Because the risk of holding a Thanksgiving celebration amid the pandemic was too high.
【解析】考查细节理解。根据第五段“Dench and Hinton thought about the risks of holding a Thanksgiving
celebration amid the pandemic (疫情期间), weighing if they could figure out a way to get together the day before
gathering with their own individual families. But, they eventually concluded the risk was too high.(丹齐和辛顿想
举行感恩节庆典，在疫情期间，他们考虑是否能找到一个办法在与各自家人聚会的前一天能够聚在一起。但是，他们最终得出的结论是，风险太高了)”及第六段的首句“In honor of Lonnie, the friends instead held a
small gathering on Friday.(为了纪念朗尼，朋友们在周五举行了一个小型聚会)”及尾句“The event was a
sharp contrast from the larger celebrations of years past.(此次活动与以往的大型庆祝活动形成了鲜明对比)”可
知，此次感恩节活动与以往活动形成鲜明对比的原因是在疫情期间举行活动风险太高了。故答案为
Because the risk of holding a Thanksgiving celebration amid the pandemic was too high.
4．Because Lonnie was dead.
【解析】考查细节理解。根据第四段的第二句“He died from the coronavirus this spring.(今年春天，他死于
冠状病毒)”及倒数第二段“To honor Lonnie, an empty seat and lit candle were placed at the head of the table.
The beloved husband would always say grace before the holiday meal, so this year, Dench led the prayer.(为了向
朗尼表示敬意，在桌子的上首放置了一个空位子和点燃的蜡烛。这位心爱的丈夫总是在节日饭前做祈祷，
所以今年，丹奇主持祈祷)”可知，今年由丹齐主持祈祷是因为她的丈夫朗尼去世了。故答案为Because
Lonnie was dead.
5．Open. (I think their story is fantastic. Because one wrong text message brought strangers together and kept them
together for years, which is incredible.)
【解析】开放性试题。言之有理即可，注意词数限制。根据文章的主要内容及叙事情节（丹齐将发给自己
孙子的短信误发给了一个叫欣顿的小伙，因为这一次“错误”，欣顿收获了几位“家人”，并参与了他们
的感恩节聚会。）及第三段“Hinton shared the sweet conversation on social media and the story quickly went
viral (疯传). They have celebrated Thanksgiving together every year since, always snapping photos and taking
videos, much to the delight of many following their story.(辛顿在社交媒体上分享了这段甜蜜的对话，这个故事
迅速走红。从那以后，他们每年都一起庆祝感恩节，总是拍照和拍视频，让很多关注他们故事的人很高
兴)”可推知，这个故事非常的不可思议，因为发送的错误信息让两个毫不相干的人能够认识并多年保持联
系。故答案为Open. (I think their story is fantastic. Because one wrong text message brought strangers together
and kept them together for years, which is incredible.)
1、细节理解题：首先要仔细审题，然后根据题干中出现的关键词快速、准确地在文章中定位相应的语句
结合该语句（或其上下句）的内容，用正确的格式进行回答，答案内容往往是固定的、唯一的。
2、主旨表达题：善于归纳文章、语段的主旨大意；善于查找文章中的主题段、主题句、关键词和核心词
解该类题时，注意一要紧扣能够体现文章或段落主旨的关键词，二要计言简练。
3、推断表达题：
①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的线索。
②要对文字的表面信息进行由表及里的挖掘加工，不能断章取义，以偏概全。③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知。
④不能主观臆想，也不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
⑤了解语篇结构，重视文章的主旨，体会文章基调，所写答案的内容一定要立足于语篇内容和主旨。
⑥把握句子间和段落间的逻辑关系，把握逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音，揣摩出作者的态度。
⑦回答要紧扣题目，语言既要完整，又要简洁，不要超过规定词数。
4、猜测表达题：结合文章主旨大意、整合上下文语境信息进行猜测，还要利用同义或者反义关系、构词
法及语篇文脉关系等理解猜测其含义，有些题目需要对较大的上下文范围进行理解，甚至通过理解整个语
篇进行猜测判断。
解题方法总结：
1、首尾段结合出主旨，然后主旨在心去做题。
2、在文章中找到能答题的句子，然后将句子改成符合答题要求的句、词、或短语进行做答，不要照抄文
章原句。
3、注意合理合法的去答题，合理指的是依据文章，答即所问，合法指的是符合语法规范。
4、猜词的题，尽量在文章中找有无近义词替换词，如果没有再依据主旨和上下文语境自己找词答，注意
保持完全一致性。即词性、形式、单复数等。
5、开放题，两个问题用两句答，依据主旨进行做答，不要偏离主题。
Almost every community in the world has some form of rules and some way of carrying them out. A
community is a group of people who are united by a number of factors, including geography, language, and values.
So why do we have rules, and what makes people follow them? Studies have suggested that the reason we don’t
like cheating and rule-breaking is that fairness is programmed into our brains. They have found that the brain reacts
in a particular way when we feel we are being treated unfairly. The findings concluded that fairness is a basic
human need along with food and social contact.
Our sense of fairness depends on the influences in our culture, the immediate situation we are in, and our own
self-interest. Arriving at a feeling of fairness means considering different, often conflicting, points of view.
Regardless of the disagreement, people almost always need to compromise. But it can be difficult to arrive at a
compromise (妥协) when there are conflicting interests. This is why communities have rules that everyone must
follow.
Social controls are an important factor in setting and following rules. They influence the way we behave and
can be internal or external. Internal controls come from within and are based on our values and fears. Most of us
don’t steal, for example, because we believe that theft is unfair and wrong. In other words, our internal controls
keep us from behaving in ways that cause conflict.
External controls include rewards and punishments. They do not come from within but are implemented by an
authority — this could be the government, the police, a teacher or parents, depending on the situation. Rewards,such as job promotions, awards, and praise, are designed to encourage people to behave and act in the interest of
the whole community. Punishments, such as public embarrassment, fines, and even imprisonment can prevent
people from acting against the community’s best interests.
People need their communities to function smoothly. Because of this, humans most often behave in orderly,
fair, and predictable ways. If there were no rules, the majority of people would probably continue to interact
positively. However, there would always be a minority who would not, with serious consequences. This is why a
society without rules is unlikely to become a reality any time soon — at least not in the real world. (390 words)
1．Why do we have rules and follow them?
2．How do social controls influence our behavior?
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then change it and explain why.
Our internal control comes from rewards and punishments from an authority like our school.
4．If you could change a rule at your school/home/community, which one would you like to change? Why? (In
about 40 words)
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述一项研究表明，人们生活的社区和社会都需要有规则来促进公
平，没有规则，社会就无法运行。
1．To promote fairness.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Our sense of fairness depends on the influences in our culture, the
immediate situation we are in, and our own self-interest. Arriving at a feeling of fairness means considering
different, often conflicting, points of view. Regardless of the disagreement, people almost always need to
compromise. But it can be difficult to arrive at a compromise (妥协) when there are conflicting interests. This is
why communities have rules that everyone must follow.”(我们的公平感取决于我们文化的影响，我们当前的处
境，以及我们自身的利益。达到一种公平的感觉意味着考虑不同的，经常是相互矛盾的观点。不管有什么
分歧，人们几乎总是需要妥协。但当利益冲突时，可能很难达成妥协。这就是为什么社区有每个人都必须
遵守的规则。)可知，我们每个人之所以要遵守规则，原因在于要实现公平。故答案为To promote
fairness。
2．Social controls influence the way we behave and can be internal or external.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Social controls are an important factor in setting and following rules. They
influence the way we behave and can be internal or external.”(社会控制是制定和遵守规则的一个重要因素。它
们影响我们的行为方式，可以是内在的，也可以是外在的。)可知，社会控制从内在和外在影响我们的行为
方式。故答案为Social controls influence the way we behave and can be internal or external.3．Our external controls comes from rewards and punishments from an authority like our school.
Because external controls include rewards and punishments. They do not come from within but are implemented by
an authority—this could be the government, the police, a teacher or parents, depending on the situation.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Internal controls come from within and are based on our values and
fears.”(内部控制来自内部，基于我们的价值观和恐惧。)和第四段“External controls include rewards and
punishments. They do not come from within but are implemented by an authority — this could be the government,
the police, a teacher or parents, depending on the situation.”(外部控制包括奖励和惩罚。它们不是来自内部，而
是由一个权威机构执行——这可能是政府、警察、教师或家长，具体取决于具体情况。)可知，内部控制来
自内部，基于我们的价值观和恐惧；而外部控制是来自像学校这样的权威机构执行的奖励和惩罚。所以，
这句话“Our internal control comes from rewards and punishments from an authority like our school.”(我
们的内部控制来自于像我们学校这样的权威机构的奖励和惩罚。)是错误的，主语internal control应该改成
external control。故答案为Our external controls comes from rewards and punishments from an authority like our
school.Because external controls include rewards and punishments. They do not come from within but are
implemented by an authority—this could be the government, the police, a teacher or parents, depending on the
situation.
4．In my home, all housework is done by my mom, which I think should be changed. Because it is unfair to do all
the housework by my mom. We should do it with her to show fairness, our love and share of responsibility.
【解析】开放性试题，答案不唯一，言之有理即可。题干问的是：如果您可以更改学校/家庭/社区的规则，
您希望更改哪一条？为什么？可以自选一条更改，注意字数。参考答案为In my home, all housework is done
by my mom, which I think should be changed. Because it is unfair to do all the housework by my mom. We should
do it with her to show fairness, our love and share of responsibility.
一、
（2023·天津河东·统考一模）
When I was eight or nine years old, I wrote my first poem. My mother read the little poem and began to cry.
“Buddy, you didn’t really write this beautiful, beautiful poem!”
Shyly, proud-bursting, I stammered that I had. She poured out her praise. Why, this poem was nothing shortof genius! I glowed.
I spent the best part of that afternoon preparing for the arrival of my father. But he did not return until an hour
late for dinner. “Ben, a beautiful thing has happened,” my mother began. “Buddy has written his first poem! And
it’s beautiful, absolutely amazing.”
“If you don’t mind, I’d like to decide that for myself,” Father said.
That poem was only ten lines. But it seemed to take hours. I could hear my father breathing. “I think it’s
lousy,” my father said.
“Ben, these are the first lines of poetry he’s ever written,” my mother was saying. “He needs encouragement.”
They quarreled over it. I couldn’t stand it another second. I ran from the dinning room bawling.
Up in my room I threw myself on the bed and sobbed.
A few years later I took a second look at that first poem; it was a pretty lousy poem. But it wasn’t until years
later that the true meaning of that painful “first poem” experience dawned on me. As I became a professional writer,
it became clearer and clearer to me how fortunate I had been. I had a mother who said, “Buddy, did you really write
this? I think it’s wonderful!” and a father who shook his head no and drove me to tears with “I think it’s lousy.” A
writer — in fact every one of us in life — needs that loving-mother force from which all creation flows; and yet
alone it is incomplete, even misleading, finally destructive, without the father force to caution, “Watch. Listen.
Review. Improve.”
1．How do you understand the underlined part in Paragraph 2?(no more than 8 words )
_________________________________________________________________
2．Why did the writer’s parents quarrel at dinner?(no more than 10 words )
_________________________________________________________________
3．What did the writer think of his first poem when he grew older?(no more than 8 words )
_________________________________________________________________
4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?(no more than 15 words )
_________________________________________________________________
5．What kind of parents do you need in life?(no more than 20 words )
_________________________________________________________________
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍的是作者父母对作者在七八岁时写的第一首诗歌的不同评
价让作者认识到一个作家的成长既需要母亲的鼓励，也需要父亲的鞭策。
1．This poem was well-done./This poem was the same work of genius./This poem was almost
wonderful/excellent.【解析】考查词句猜测。根据第一段中的“My mother read the little poem and began to cry. ‘Buddy, you didn’t
really write this beautiful, beautiful poem!’(母亲读了这首小诗，哭了起来。“伙计，你不会真的写了这首非
常非常漂亮的诗吧!”)”可知，母亲表扬作者的诗歌写的很好，第二段中的“Shyly, proud-bursting, I
stammered that I had. She poured out her praise.( 我羞涩地，骄傲地，结结巴巴地说是我。她倾吐她的赞美之
词。)”可知，作者听到母亲对诗歌的赞美之词感到非常的高兴，由此可推断，划线句子的意思是对作者诗
歌的赞美。故答案为This poem was well-done./This poem was the same work of genius./This poem was almost
wonderful/excellent.。
2．Because they had different attitude towards the poem./Because they had different opinions about the poem.
【解析】考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“That poem was only ten lines. But it seemed to take hours. I could
hear my father breathing. ‘I think it’s lousy,’ my father said.( 那首诗只有十行。但这似乎要花好几个小时。我
能听到父亲的呼吸声。“我觉得很糟糕，”父亲说。)”可知，父亲对作者写的诗歌并不满意，结合第三段
中的“‘Ben, a beautiful thing has happened,’ my mother began. ‘Buddy has written his first poem! And it’s
beautiful, absolutely amazing.’(“本，一件美好的事情发生了，”我妈妈开始说。“巴迪写了他的第一首诗!
它很美，绝对令人惊叹。”)”可知，母亲认为作者写的是个很精彩，由此可以推断，父母两人吵架是因为
他们的观点不一致。故答案是Because they had different attitude towards the poem./Because they had different
opinions about the poem.。
3．It was lousy./It was very bad./It was a pretty lousy poem.
【解析】考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“A few years later I took a second look at that first poem; it was a
pretty lousy poem.(几年后，我重新审视了那首诗；这是一首非常糟糕的诗。)”可知，几年后，作者在看到
自己写的第一首诗歌后，感觉这首诗歌真的很糟糕。故答案是It was lousy./ It was very bad. /It was a pretty
lousy poem.。
4．Everyone needs a loving mother and a strict father.
【解析】考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“A writer — in fact every one of us in life — needs that loving-
mother force from which all creation flows; and yet alone it is incomplete, even misleading, finally destructive,
without the father force to caution, “Watch. Listen. Review. Improve.”(一个作家——实际上是生活中的每一个
人——都需要那种慈母般的力量，所有的创作都源自这种力量；然而，如果没有父亲的告诫，它是不完整
的，甚至是误导的，最终是毁灭性的，“观察、倾听、审查、改善。”)”可知，作者认为生活中的每一个
人只有一个爱自己的母亲是不完美的，还需要一个严厉的父亲才能让自己不断的进步，所以最后一段主要
阐述的是人人都需要一位慈母和一位严父。故答案是Everyone needs a loving mother and a strict father.。
5．I need a mother who can encourage me and a father who can caution me. /I need parents who both love me./Ineed parents who always encourage me.
【解析】开放性题目。根据介绍的作者的写的第一首诗歌的经历以及最后一段中的“A writer—in fact every
one of us in life—needs that loving-mother force from which all creation flows; and yet alone it is incomplete, even
misleading, finally destructive, without the father force to caution, “Watch. Listen. Review. Improve.”(一个作家
——实际上是生活中的每一个人——都需要那种慈母般的力量，所有的创作都源自这种力量；然而，如果
没有父亲的告诫，它是不完整的，甚至是误导的，最终是毁灭性的，“观察、倾听、审查、改善。”)”可
知，人们都需要一个鼓励自己，爱护自己的而母亲，也需要一位客观公正的父亲，所以在生活中，我需要
的也是一位如同作者一样的父母，即我需要一位鼓励我的母亲和一位鞭策我的父亲。故答案是I need a
mother who can encourage me and a father who can caution me. /I need parents who both love me. /I need parents
who always encourage me.。
二、
（2023·天津和平·统考一模）
Learning outside of a classroom may still be a new thing for many people but not for Kamer ·Meli·Veseli,
who’s completing his final year of high school that way. His family moved from Kosovo to Switzerland, so he’s
doing his coursework remotely and will take a big test with all of his teachers at the end of the year. It’s the ideal
arrangement for Meli since it allows him to manage his own schedule and pursue other interests in his free time.
That’s where Spark and online learning come in.
Meli has always been a serious gamer, but he’s not just looking to have fun. He likes examining the
technology behind his favorite games and is curious to understand how developers create the graphics, textures, and
special effects. He really wanted to make his own games and actually did develop a couple on Android but wasn’t
satisfied with the results.
Searching for online courses that could take his game to the next level, he found Spark, and it was “one of the
happiest days of my life.”
But gaming isn’t the extent of Meli’s interests. He’s also a hopeful singer who’d always lacked the confidence
to sing in public. Then he took courses on Spark and discovered exercises that could help him loosen and relax his
throat and release his voice “10 times better in 10 minutes.” Now he plans for Switzerland’s version of the TV show
“The Voice” in 2016! With Spark courses, Meli’s also brushing up on his drawing skills, which he picked up in his
childhood. He finally created a perfect portrait of his older brother.
Wherever Meli’s dreams take him, he knows he’ll be able to find relevant courses on Spark: “The variety is
unlimited — so many languages, all kinds of software, even things like meditation and cultural lessons. Whateveryou want to learn, you’ll find it on Spark.”
6．According to the first paragraph, how does Spark influence Meli’s life? (no more than 10 words)
________________
7．When did Meli find Spark? (no more than 15 words)
________________
8．What does the underlined phrase mean in paragraph 3?(no more than 1 word)
________________
9．What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about? (no more than 15 words)
________________
10．What do you think of online learning? Give your reason. (no more than 20 words)
________________
【语篇解读】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述卡梅尔·梅利·韦塞利利用Spark网络进行学习的经历告诉我
们，网络学习可以提供很多的资源，给人们带来了许多的便利。
6．He can manage his study and pursue other interests./He can balance his study and other interests.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Learning outside of a classroom may still be a new thing for many people
but not for Kamer ·Meli·Veseli, who’s completing his final year of high school that way. His family moved from
Kosovo to Switzerland, so he’s doing his coursework remotely and will take a big test with all of his teachers at the
end of the year. It’s the ideal arrangement for Meli since it allows him to manage his own schedule and pursue other
interests in his free time. That’s where Spark and online learning come in. (对于许多人来说，在教室外学习可能
仍然是一件新鲜事，但对于卡梅尔·梅利·韦塞利来说，这不是一件新鲜的事，他正以这种方式完成高中最
后一年的学业。他的家人从科索沃搬到了瑞士，因此他正在远程学习课程，并将在年底与所有老师一起参
加一场大型考试。这是梅利的理想安排，因为它允许他在空闲时间管理自己的日程并追求其他兴趣。这就
是Spark和在线学习的作用所在。)”可知，Spark可以让梅利远程学习，在空闲时间管理自己的日程并追求
其他兴趣。故答案为He can manage his study and pursue other interests.或He can balance his study and other
interests.
7．When he searched/was searching for online courses to improve his game.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Searching for online courses that could take his game to the next level, he
found Spark, and it was “one of the happiest days of my life.”(在寻找能让他的游戏更上一层楼的在线课程时，
他找到了Spark，这是“我一生中最快乐的日子之一”。)”可知，在梅利寻找能让他的游戏更上一层楼的
在线课程时，他找到了Spark。故答案为When he searched/was searching for online courses to improve hisgame.
8．Improving.
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第四段“He finally created a perfect portrait of his older brother. (他终于为哥哥画
了一幅完美的肖像)”可知，梅利通过学习Spark课程之后终于为哥哥画了一幅完美的肖像，所以他的绘画
技巧应该是得到了提高。brushing up on的意思是“提升，提高”。故答案为Improving.
9．How Spark helped Meli with singing and painting./Spark helped Meli become a good singer and painter.
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第四段“But gaming isn’t the extent of Meli’s interests. He’s also a hopeful singer
who’d always lacked the confidence to sing in public. Then he took courses on Spark and discovered exercises that
could help him loosen and relax his throat and release his voice “10 times better in 10 minutes.” Now he plans for
Switzerland’s version of the TV show “The Voice” in 2016! With Spark courses, Meli’s also brushing up on his
drawing skills, which he picked up in his childhood. He finally created a perfect portrait of his older brother. (但游
戏并不是Meli的兴趣范围。他也是一位充满希望的歌手，一直缺乏在公众场合唱歌的信心。然后，他参加
了Spark的课程，发现了可以帮助他放松和放松喉咙的练习，并“在10分钟内将声音提高10倍”。现在，
他计划在2016年参加瑞士版的电视节目“the voice”！通过Spark课程，Meli也在学习自己的绘画技巧，这
是他在童年时学到的。他终于为哥哥画了一幅完美的肖像)”可知，这一段主要讲述梅利提高Spark的课程
提升了自己的歌唱能力和绘画技巧。故答案为How Spark helped Meli with singing and painting.或Spark
helped Meli become a good singer and painter.
10．Online learning is very good. It can provide many recourses and bring much convenience to our daily life and
study.
【解析】开放性试题。根据第一段“Learning outside of a classroom may still be a new thing for many people
but not for Kamer ·Meli·Veseli, who’s completing his final year of high school that way. His family moved from
Kosovo to Switzerland, so he’s doing his coursework remotely and will take a big test with all of his teachers at the
end of the year. It’s the ideal arrangement for Meli since it allows him to manage his own schedule and pursue other
interests in his free time. That’s where Spark and online learning come in. (对于许多人来说，在教室外学习可能
仍然是一件新鲜事，但对于卡梅尔·梅利·韦塞利来说，这不是一件新鲜的事，他正以这种方式完成高中最
后一年的学业。他的家人从科索沃搬到了瑞士，因此他正在远程学习课程，并将在年底与所有老师一起参
加一场大型考试。这是梅利的理想安排，因为它允许他在空闲时间管理自己的日程并追求其他兴趣。这就
是Spark和在线学习的作用所在)”可知，Spark可以让梅利远程学习，在空闲时间管理自己的日程并追求其
他兴趣。和第四段“But gaming isn’t the extent of Meli’s interests. He’s also a hopeful singer who’d always
lacked the confidence to sing in public. Then he took courses on Spark and discovered exercises that could helphim loosen and relax his throat and release his voice “10 times better in 10 minutes.” Now he plans for
Switzerland’s version of the TV show “The Voice” in 2016! With Spark courses, Meli’s also brushing up on his
drawing skills, which he picked up in his childhood. He finally created a perfect portrait of his older brother. (但游
戏并不是Meli的兴趣范围。他也是一位充满希望的歌手，一直缺乏在公众场合唱歌的信心。然后，他参加
了Spark的课程，发现了可以帮助他放松和放松喉咙的练习，并“在10分钟内将声音提高10倍”。现在，
他计划在2016年参加瑞士版的电视节目“the voice”！通过Spark课程，Meli也在学习自己的绘画技巧，这
是他在童年时学到的。他终于为哥哥画了一幅完美的肖像)”可知，网络学习可以提供很多的资源，给人们
带来了许多的便利。故答案为Online learning is very good. It can provide many recourses and bring much
convenience to our daily life and study.
三、
（2022·天津南开·统考一模）
Why would human beings waste a third of their lives sleeping when they could be doing more important
things like looking after their families or working? Some scientists believe sleeping helps recharge the body. while
others think it is important for strengthening newly formed memories. Now, there is new evidence which suggests
that the purpose of sleep may be to forget some of the millions of new things we learn each day.
The neurons in the human brain consist of fibers called dendrites (树突). These grow as we learn new things
and connect the brain’s cells to each other at contact points called synapses (突触). The larger the dendrites become
and the more cells they connect, the more information we store.
In 2018. Giulio Tononi and Chiara Cirelli, both biologists at the University of Wisconsin Madison, suggested a
new idea: The things our brains learn each day result in so many synapses that things start to get a little messy.
Sleeping allows us to sort through (整理) the “noise” and dispense all the unnecessary information. leaving behind
only the most important memories.
Recently, the university’s research has provided direct evidence to support the theory. The experiment
involved analyzing 6. 920 synapses in the brain shavings from two groups of mice over a four-year period: one
group had been allowed to sleep, while the other had been kept awake and entertained with toys. The researchers
discovered that the brain shavings of the sleeping mice had nearly 20 percent fewer synapses than those that had
been kept awake and entertained.
It was also evident during the study that the brain does not shave every synapse. 20% of neurons remained
unchanged: these were most likely well established memories. Therefore. although we may be sleeping to forget
some of what we’ve learned, the brain “forgets” in a smart way.Most researchers believe clearing our brains is not the only purpose of sleep.
Resting our minds and bodies has also been found to help with other biological functions like strengthening
our immunity. Though scientists may never agree on a single reason. they are all sure of one thing — a good night’s
rest is essential for our health. So try and spend at least a third of your day sleeping!
11．What’s the purpose of sleeping according to the new discovery?(no more than 15 words)
_________________________________________________________
12．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?(no more than 10 words)
_________________________________________________________
13．What does the underlined word “dispense” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?(no more than 5 words)
_________________________________________________________
14．What agreement do all the scientists probably reach about sleeping according to the text?(no more than 10
words)
_________________________________________________________
15．Do you think a good night’s sleep will benefit your next-day study? Please explain in your own words. (no
more than 20 words)
_________________________________________________________
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了睡眠是为了帮助我们清理大脑里的一些无用信息，同时睡
眠也是为了帮助我们恢复身体疲劳，让我们能够更好的学习和生活。
11．To forget some of the millions of new things we learn each day.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Now, there is new evidence which suggests that the purpose of sleep may
be to forget some of the millions of new things we learn each day.(现在，有新的证据表明，睡眠的目的可能是
为了忘记我们每天学习的数百万新事物中的一些。)”可知，新的研究发现睡觉的目的是为了忘记我们每天
学习的数百万新事物中的一些。故答案为To forget some of the millions of new things we learn each day.
12．How the neurons in the human brain help store information.
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“The neurons in the human brain consist of fibers called dendrites (树突).(人
脑中的神经元由称为树突的纤维组成。)”以及后文主要说明了人类大脑中的神经元如何帮助储存信息可知，
第二段主旨大意是“人类大脑中的神经元如何帮助储存信息”。故答案为How the neurons in the human
brain help store information.
13．Get rid of./Do away with./Take out./Remove.
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Sleeping allows us to sort through (整理) the “noise”(睡觉可以让我们整
理“噪音”)”和“all the unnecessary information(所有不必要的信息)”可知，睡眠让我们能够对“噪音”进行分类，能让我们从“噪音”中筛选出所有不必要的信息，只留下最重要的记忆，因此划线单词意思为
“摆脱，删除”，即Get rid of./Do away with./Take out./Remove。故答案为Get rid of./Do away with./Take
out./Remove.
14．A good night’s rest is essential for our health.
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Though scientists may never agree on a single reason. they are all sure
of one thing — a good night’s rest is essential for our health.(尽管科学家们可能永远不会就一个原因达成一致。
他们都确信一件事-一个好的晚上休息对我们的健康是必不可少的。)”可知，所有的科学家一致同意晚上好
好休息对我们的健康很重要。故答案为A good night’s rest is essential for our health.
15．Yes. Because it helps us discard all the unnecessary information and leave only the most important memories.
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Sleeping allows us to sort through (整理) the “noise” and dispense all the
unnecessary information. leaving behind only the most important memories.(睡觉可以让我们整理“噪音”，丢
弃所有不必要的信息。只留下最重要的回忆。)”，我认为晚上睡个好觉对第二天的学习有好处，因为它帮
助我们丢弃所有不必要的信息，只留下最重要的回忆，因此对第二天的学习有帮助，故答案为Yes.
Because it helps us discard all the unnecessary information and leave only the most important memories.
四、
（2023·北京·一模）
One of the basic expectations the public have of doctors is honesty. But what would you think if I told you that
research has shown that 70 percent of doctors admitted to lying to their patients? It is inexcusable, surely?
Extremely unprofessional and uncaring; a clear break of the doctor-patient relationship. Some of the lies told
included reassuring patients that their wives or husbands were still alive, when in fact they were dead. This seems
unimaginable but, if I am honest, I have told exactly the same lie to several patients whose spouses had died. Mrs.
Walton was in her eighties and desperate to see her husband. She’d been in hospital after a fall and was in pain. She
called out for him frequently and couldn’t understand why he wasn’t there to comfort her. She was becoming more
and more distressed and would try to get up to find him, despite being at risk of falling again.
“He’s on his way, don’t worry,” the nurses would say and this would calm her down. I confess I said the same
thing to her. She’d smile and roll her eyes and say how he was always late for things and tell the same story about
him being late for their wedding nearly 60 years ago. But he wasn’t on his way. It was a lie. He’d died two years
ago. The truth, if I can use that word, is that it is a kindness to lie sometimes.
Part of the natural history of many of the dementias, in particular Alzheimer’s disease which is what Mrs.
Walton had, is that the sufferer loses their short-term memory and the memory of recent events, but retainsmemories from the distant past. Sufferers are trapped forever in a bewildering past that many realise bares little
connection to the present, but are at a loss to explain. It is very distressing and tormenting and many of the
behavioural difficulties that I have encountered in those with dementia relate to them feeling upset, scared and
confused that they are in a strange place, surrounded by strange people, even when they are in their own homes
surrounded by their family, because they have returned back to decades ago.
They look at their adult children confused and wonder who they could be because they think their children are
still toddlers. How does one deal with this? I have had countless families break down in tears in outpatient clinics
or on wards, not knowing what to say or how to react as their loved one moves further and further away from them
back into their distant past and they are left behind in the present. And how, as the doctor or nurse caring for these
patients, does one manage the anger and outbursts of distress that comes with having no knowledge of your life for
the past 10 or 20 years? The lies that doctors, nurses, carers and families tell these patients are not big, elaborate
lies — they are brief reassurances intended to calm and allow the subject to be swiftly changed.
Colluding (串通) with them about this false reality they find themselves flung into is not heartless or
unprofessional — it is, when done in the right way, kind and tender-hearted. That’s not to say that lying to patients
with dementia unnecessarily is right or defensible or that there are not times when of course they have the right to
know the truth. But what compassionate person would put another human being through the unimaginable pain of
learning, for the first time again and again, repeatedly throughout the day, that their beloved one has died. It would
be an unthinkable cruelness.
Sometimes, surely, honesty is simply not the best policy.
16．Write a title for this article.
17．Why do people with dementia feel upset, scared, and confused even when they are in their own homes
surrounded by their family?
18．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The public expect doctors to be honest with their patients and the author also believes that it is heartless and
unprofessional to lie to patients.
19．The author says sometimes, surely, honesty is simply not the best policy. Do you agree or disagree? Why? (In
about 40 words)
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过医生和护士对患有老年痴呆症的沃尔顿太太说谎的事例得出医生
和护士喜欢说谎的原因。
16．White lies don’t hurt .【解析】考查主旨大意。由第一段中的“Some of the lies told included reassuring patients that their wives or
husbands were still alive, when in fact they were dead. (一些谎言包括让患者放心，说他们的妻子或丈夫还活着，
而事实上他们已经死了)”，第二段中的“The truth, if I can use that word, is that it is a kindness to lie
sometimes. (事实上，如果我能用这个词的话，那就是有时候撒谎是一种善意)”和倒数第二段中的“The lies
that doctors, nurses, carers and families tell these patients are not big, elaborate lies—they are brief reassurances
intended to calm and allow the subject to be swiftly changed. (医生、护士、护理人员和家属对这些患者说的谎
话并不是什么大谎话，它们只是简单的保证，旨在让患者平静下来，并让话题迅速改变)”可知，有时候说
谎并不是为了欺骗，而是为了改变话题，让患者平静下来、放心，因此，从这篇文章，我们能学到“善意
的谎言无伤大雅”。故答案为：White lies don’t hurt
17．Because people with dementia have returned back to decades ago, they think they are in a strange place,
surrounded by strange people.
【解析】考查细节理解。由第三段中的“It is very distressing and tormenting and many of the behavioural
difficulties that I have encountered in those with dementia relate to them feeling upset, scared and confused that
they are in a strange place, surrounded by strange people, even when they are in their own homes surrounded by
their family, because they have returned back to decades ago. (这是非常痛苦和折磨的，我在痴呆症患者中遇到
的许多行为困难都与他们感到不安、害怕和困惑有关，因为他们在一个陌生的地方，被陌生的人包围，甚
至当他们在自己的家里，被家人包围时，因为他们回到了几十年前)”可知，痴呆症患者即使在自己的家里
被家人包围，也会感到不安、害怕和困惑，是因为痴呆症患者回到了几十年前，他们认为自己身处一个陌
生的地方，周围都是陌生的人。故答案为：Because people with dementia have returned back to decades ago,
they think they are in a strange place, surrounded by strange people.
18．The public expect doctors to be honest with their patients and the author also believes that it is heartless and
unprofessional to lie to patients.
Because lying to patients is kind and tender-hearted when done in the right way, not heartless or unprofessional.
【解析】考查细节理解。由最后一段中的“Colluding (串通) with them about this false reality they find
themselves flung into is not heartless or unprofessional — it is, when done in the right way, kind and tender-
hearted. (就他们陷入的虚假现实与他们串通（即说谎）并不是无情的或不专业的——当以正确的方式进行
时，它是善良和温柔的)”可知，当以正确的方式对患者撒谎时，它是善良和温柔的，而不是无情或不专业
的，“heartless and unprofessional”错误。故答案为：The public expect doctors to be honest with their patients
and the author also believes that it is heartless and unprofessional to lie to patients.
Because lying to patients is kind and tender-hearted when done in the right way, not heartless or unprofessional.19．Yes, I couldn’t agree more. Because sometimes being honest pays a price, the truth of which will hurt
someone who can’t accept the reality.
【解析】开放题，答案不唯一，言之有理即可。考生结合自身实际发表见解并说明原因。例如，考生同意
“诚实并不是最好的政策”此观点，因为有时候诚实是要付出代价的，真相会伤害那些不能接受现实的人。
故参考答案为：Yes, I couldn’t agree more. Because sometimes being honest pays a price, the truth of which will
hurt someone who can’t accept the reality.
五、
（2022·北京房山·统考二模）
Is it possible to improve your brain function? The answer is “yes”.
Information in your brain is collected, stored and recalled by neural pathways. These pathways are responsible
for your abilities to solve problems, remember familiar faces and tasks, without paying a ton of efforts. Millions of
these neural pathways begin developing from the time when you are growing into a baby. To keep our memory
healthy, we need to create new pathways continually.
As we age, our lifestyles often change, stopping those pathways from being developed. Two frequent changes
are a decrease in exercise and less attention to our diet, which have a negative effect on our brain and memory. Our
brain requires consistent stimulation, regardless of our age, and looking for ways to excite the production of new
pathways is critical. Just like your physical muscles need to be used in different ways to make them stronger, our
brain needs change to help challenge its abilities.
One simple way to stimulate the production of new pathways is trying something new.
Challenge your brain with puzzles, a new language or learning how to play an instrument. Anything different
and new can stimulate your brain and memory. The best activities are the ones outside of your comfort zone. They
push you as you develop new neural pathways. The effort involved in learning and committing to memory a new
skill, with new terms and language, is a great way to exercise your brain.
Another way to stimulate the production of new pathways is doing exercise. When you exercise your body,
you are also working out your mind, because regular activity helps to improve the chemicals in your brain and to
protect brain cells.
20．According to the passage, what can negatively affect our brain and memory?
21．Why are the best activities the ones outside of your comfort zone?
22．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The two ways mentioned in the passage to help create new pathways are trying something new and exercising yourbrain by challenging your brain with different tasks.
23．What else can you do to improve your brain function? (In about 40 words)
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章指出大脑的功能是可以主动提升的，并介绍了两种促进神经通路形成、
提升大脑功能的方法。
20．A decrease in exercise and less attention to the diet.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Two frequent changes are a decrease in exercise and less attention
to our diet, which have a negative effect on our brain and memory.(两种常见的改变有，体育锻炼的减少和对自
身饮食的不加注意，它们对我们的大脑和记忆力都有着消极的影响)”可知，体育锻炼减少和不注意自身饮
食会对大脑和记忆力产生负面影响。故答案为A decrease in exercise and less attention to the diet。
21．Because they can stimulate one’s brain and memory to develop new neutral pathways.
【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段中“The best activities are the ones outside of your comfort zone. They push
you as you develop new neural pathways. The effort involved in learning and committing to memory a new skill,
with new terms and language, is a great way to exercise your brain.(最好的活动是那些舒适区之外的活动。它们
会促使你发展新的神经通路。那些用于学习和致力于记住一项新技能、新术语或是语言所付出的努力，是
锻炼大脑的极佳方式)”可知，舒适区之外的活动，也就是新奇的活动和经历可以激励大脑和记忆力，使人
发展出新的神经通路，因此是最好的活动。故答案为Because they can stimulate one’s brain and memory to
develop new neutral pathways。
22．The two ways mentioned in the passage to help create new pathways are trying something new and exercising
your brain by challenging your brain with different tasks. Because the other way mentioned in the passage to
stimulate the production of new pathways is doing exercise。
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“One simple way to stimulate the production of new pathways is trying
something new.(一种简单的刺激新通路形成的方式是，尝试新鲜的事物)”和第七段中“Another way to
stimulate the production of new pathways is doing exercise.(另一个刺激新通路形成的方式是体育锻炼)”可知，
文中提到的两种促进新的神经通路形成的方式分别是尝试新鲜事物和增加体育锻炼，即所给句子中
“exercising your brain by challenging your brain with different tasks”部分有误，应画线，故答案（所述理
由）为The two ways mentioned in the passage to help create new pathways are trying something new and
exercising your brain by challenging your brain with different tasks. Because the other way mentioned in the
passage to stimulate the production of new pathways is doing exercise。
23．To improve brain function, we should pay more attention to the diet. And we should get enough mental
exercise like reading and doing math. In addition, mediation is a good way to improve memory and learning.【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Two frequent changes are a decrease in exercise and less attention
to our diet, which have a negative effect on our brain and memory.( 两种常见的改变有，体育锻炼的减少和对
自身饮食的不加注意，它们对我们的大脑和记忆力都有着消极的影响)”可知，不注意自身饮食会阻碍新的
神经通路形成，因此要避免这种行为，此外根据文中已经提到的提高大脑功能的方法还可联想到，适当地
进行一些头脑训练，比如阅读、做数学题、练习冥想等。故答案为To improve brain function, we should pay
more attention to the diet. And we should get enough mental exercise like reading and doing math. In addition,
mediation is a good way to improve memory and learning。
一、
（2022·天津·高考真题）
It was a dark and stormy night. The ferocious wind shook the windows wildly, as though someone outside
were beating on the glass. It was also New Year’s Eve. We were having our annual party and had a house full of
people just starting to celebrate.
Suddenly, we heard loud explosions. Looking outside and up into the hills, we saw sparks(火花) flying from
electrical transformers(变压器). One area after another went dark up in those hills. Then there was the loudest
explosion of them all and our house went dark too. I tried to find every candle we had and lit them. The candles
made everything look lovely. But we had problems. We had fifteen people standing around and we still had to cook
dinner. How would we do that without electricity?
The barbecue! Why not cook on the barbecue? We men went outside, some holding flashlights and others
cooking. We did a wonderful job. The women stayed inside and got the salads ready. Everything was delicious.
There were still a few hours to go before the beginning of the new year, so we all sat around the dining room table
and sang up until a few minutes before midnight. We couldn’t watch the ball drop in Times Square on television but
that wouldn’t stop us from celebrating. I stood on a chair and, with the help of someone’s watch to tell us the time,
we all counted down and I dropped a tennis ball! We all screamed Happy New Year. We didn’t need electricity for
that!
Nowadays, we still get together with the same group to celebrate the New Year and we still talk about that
special night. I don’t think we have ever laughed so much as we did on that New Year’s Eve.
1．What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 1? (1 word)____________________________________________________________
2．What made dinner preparation difficult according to Paragraph 2? (no more than 6 words)
____________________________________________________________
3．How did the people celebrate on New Year’s Eve according to the passage? (no more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________________
4．How does the author feel about that particular New Year’s Eve? (no more than 8 words)
____________________________________________________________
5．What do you think is the most necessary quality when dealing with an unexpected difficult situation? Please
explain why. (no more than 25words)
____________________________________________________________
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了作者经历过的一个突发事故，新年夜变压器爆炸，十五
个朋友面面相觑，没有电还需要做年夜饭，但作者和朋友一起努力，度过了一个美好的新年夜。
1．Fierce./ Strong./ Violent.
【解析】考查词义猜测。根据文章第一段“The ferocious wind shook the windows wildly, as though someone
outside were beating on the glass.(狂风猛烈地摇动着窗户，好像外面有人在敲打着玻璃。)”，结合常识可知，
风肯定很大才会像窗外有人敲打着玻璃；形容风特别大可以用形容词fierce“猛的”、strong“强的”或
violent“暴力的”。故答案为Fierce./ Strong./ Violent。
2．No electricity./ The power failure./ There was no electricity./ Electricity was gone.
【解析】考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“We had fifteen people standing around and we still had to cook
dinner. How would we do that without electricity?(我们有15个人站着，我们还得做晚饭。没有电，我们要怎
么办呢？)” 可知当时有15个人共同准备迎接新年，如何在断电的情况下准备这么多人的晚餐，变得很困
难。故答案为No electricity./ The power failure./ There was no electricity./ Electricity was gone.。
3．They cooked on the barbecue, sang, and counted down./ By cooking on the barbecue, singing, and counting
down.
【解析】考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Why not cook on the barbecue?(为什么不在烧烤架上做呢)”、
“so we all sat around the dining room table and sang up until a few minutes before midnight.(所以我们都坐在餐
厅的桌子旁，一直唱到午夜前几分钟。)”和“we all counted down and I dropped a tennis ball!(我们都开始倒
数，然后我掉了一个网球！)” 可知，大家在烧烤架上做了饭、唱了歌，也做了新年倒数。故答案为They
cooked on the barbecue, sang, and counted down./ By cooking on the barbecue, singing, and counting down.。
4．It was the most exciting one./ It was a night filled with laughter./ It was special./ Exciting./ Pleasant./Unforgettable./ Joyful./ Different./ Memorable./ Unique.
【解析】考查推理判断。根据文章第四段“Nowadays, we still get together with the same group to celebrate the
New Year and we still talk about that special night. I don’t think we have ever laughed so much as we did on that
New Year’s Eve. (现在，我们仍然聚在一起庆祝新年，我们仍然谈论那个特别的夜晚。我想我们从来没有像
那个新年前夜那样笑得那么开心过。)”可知，作者认为那一夜是特别的，是充满欢笑的。故答案为It was
the most exciting one./ It was a night filled with laughter./ It was special./ Exciting./ Pleasant./ Unforgettable./
Joyful./ Different./ Memorable./ Unique.。
5．It is courage, for it gives us strength, which enables us to deal with difficulties.
【解析】考查推理判断。本题要求考生基于对篇章整体内容的理解，对青年人面对突发事件应如何面对给
出自己的想法，为开放性试题。故参考答案为：It is courage, for it gives us strength, which enables us to deal
with difficulties.
二、
（2022·北京·高考真题）
Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread
consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to
innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused (浸泡) water.
Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing
his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun
Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my
mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.
The bottle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and
vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through.
Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-
year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy
alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation
(OHG).
Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice
he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know
from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.”
6．What did Tom witness at his own school?7．Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle?
8．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides
healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
9．Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why?(In about 40 words)
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述15岁的汤姆看到自己学校的学生喝含糖的饮料，随后发明了一种
适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料。
5．Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school.
【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者),
witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家
和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们大量消费含糖饮料）可知，作为15岁的发明家和创业者，汤姆在
学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料。故答案为Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks
by kids at his own school.
7．Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along
option.【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句中“Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions ”
（汤姆看着他的妈妈制作健康的水果饮料）第二句“ From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids
better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. ”（从观察他的母亲和他要给孩子们
更好的饮料选择的愿望，他想出了他的原始模型的Fun Bottle）可知，汤姆在观察母亲制作水果饮料的过
程中得到启发，才有了Fun Bottle的原始模型。故答案为Tom got the idea from observing his mum make
healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option.
8．Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy
alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG.
【解析】考查细节理解。根据第四段中“but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle
presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits
to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).”（但是这个15岁的孩子最感到自豪的是Fun Bottle带给
其他人的机会。它有助于对含糖饮料提供健康的替代品。而且汤姆还捐赠了部分利润为一个名为OHG的
组织）可知，汤姆把自己产品的部分利润，并非全部利润，捐给了OHG。所以错误在于“all the profits”，
应修改为“part of the profits”，故答案为Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to
others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to theOHG. Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG.
9．I think the quality of perspicacity will be important, because this insight can help us constantly find our own
shortcomings in our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.(31)
【解析】开放题，言之有理即可。根据第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者),
witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家
和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料）第二段中““I wanted to come up with a
healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off
sugary drinks,” Tom explains.”（“我想出一种健康、自然的方式，让人们在旅途中喝。我的一大任务就是
让所有年龄段的人都不再喝含糖饮料,”汤姆解释说）可知，汤姆在看到学生喝含糖的饮料时，他想到要发
明出一种适合所有年龄段都能喝的不含糖的饮料，可推知，汤姆是一个很有聪颖的，有洞察力的人。这种
洞察力在我们的生活中可以帮助我们不断发现自己的不足，进而帮助我们提升自己。故答案为：I think the
quality of perspicacity im is portant, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our
lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.(31)
三、
（2021·天津·高考真题）
Most of us associate learning with younger people—kids in school and college or recent graduates early in
their careers. But at Udemy, an open university offering online courses, Artist Anneke Camstra is engaged in the
pursuit of lifelong learning and displays her potential for teaching. She loves the experience of gaining new
knowledge and also loves sharing it with others. “I’m retired, but an artist never retires,” Anneke said. “The last
few years on the internet have been a great joy for me. I’ve taken so many Udemy courses, and ifs such a great
feeling to get my brain working again. I find just as much satisfaction in teaching animation(动画制作)too.”
She reaches countless people with her online courses and exposes them to what they can accomplish on their
own using animation software, such as GoAnimate and PowToon. Her motivation for teaching on Udemy is “to get
the tools to the people.”“You can go such a long way to make things that look professional but still have your own
voice,” she explained.
Most of Anneke’s students start out thinking they’re not creative and can’t draw. Anneke understands how fear
can get in the way of so many things people dream of doing. With her five-day challenge courses, she helps them
get over the fear. Anneke loves the impact she has on her students. What makes her more proud of them is that they
have gone from their first animation to creating their own works.
She encourages people of all ages, especially older people, tocultivatetheir curiosity for life. Grandparents, forexample, can learn to use GoAnimate and make animations together with their grandkids.
“Tm an older woman, teaching and having fun learning again,” Anneke said, and she wants others later in their
lives to catch up with her on this journey.
10．What does Anneke enjoy doing after her retirement? (no more than 10 words)
11．According to Para. 2, what does Anneke expect her students to do with animation software? (no more than 10
words)
12．What is the main idea of Para. 3? (no more than 15 words)
13．Please explain the meaning of the underlined word in Para. 4(1 word)
14．What do you suggest old people learn to do? Please give your reason(s). (no more than 20 words)
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了退休艺术家Anneke Camstra，人老心不老，积极对待生活，在线上
从事动画教学的故事。
10．Gaining new knowledge and sharing it with others.
Or: Taking Udemycourses and teaching animation.
【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段中“She loves the experience of gaining new knowledge and also loves
sharing it with others. (她喜欢获得新知识的经历，也喜欢与他人分享。)”以及她所说的话“I’ve taken so
many Udemy courses, and ifs such a great feeling to get my brain working again. I find just as much satisfaction in
teaching animation too. (我上了很多Udemy的课程，能让我的大脑重新工作真是太棒了。我在动画教学中也
发现了同样的满足感。)”可知，Anneke退休后获得新的知识并与人分享，她参加Udemy课程并教授动画。
故答案为Gaining new knowledge and sharing it with others. Or: Taking Udemycourses and teaching animation.
11．To make professional products and express themselves.
Or: To accomplish/complete professional and unique works.
Or: To achieve their goals/what they dream of.
【解析】考查推理判断。根据第二段中“Her motivation for teaching on Udemy is ‘to get the tools to the
people.’‘You can go such a long way to make things that look professional but still have your own voice,’ she
explained.(她教Udemy的动机是‘把工具带给人们’。她解释说：‘你可以走很长一段路，让事情看起来
很专业，但仍然有自己的声音。’)”可以推知，她希望学生制作动画有专业性，同时要表达自己的思想，
有自己的特色，实现自己的梦想。故答案为To make professional products and express themselves. Or: To
accomplish/complete professional and unique works. Or: To achieve their goals/what they dream of.
12．Anneke helps her students get over the fear and create their own animation works.
【解析】考查主旨大意。根据第三段中“Anneke understands how fear can get in the way of so many thingspeople dream of doing. With her five-day challenge courses, she helps them get over the fear. Anneke loves the
impact she has on her students. What makes her more proud of them is that they have gone from their first
animation to creating their own works.
(Anneke知道恐惧是如何阻碍人们梦想的事情。通过为期五天的挑战课程，她帮助他们克服恐惧。Anneke
喜欢她对学生的影响。更让她感到自豪的是，他们已经从第一部动画发展到创作自己的作品。)”可知，第
3段的主旨是Anneke帮助学生克服克服恐惧并创造他们自己的动画作品。故答案为Anneke helps her
students get over the fear and create their own animation works.
13．Develop.
【解析】考查词句猜测。划线词句后文“Grandparents, for example, can learn to use GoAnimate and make
animations together with their grandkids. (例如，祖父母可以学习使用GoAnimate和他们的孙辈们一起制作动
画。)”举例说明了Anneke主张让老年人和孙辈们一起制作动画，再根据划线词语“She encourages people
of all ages, especially older people, tocultivatetheir curiosity for life. (她鼓励所有年龄段的人，尤其是老年人，
cultivate 他们对生活的好奇心。)”可知，Anneke鼓励老年人，培养发展他们的好奇心。从而推知划线词语
cultivate 应为“培养；发展”的意思。故答案为Develop.
14．To learn to use social media, because it allows them to get to know the outside world better.
【解析】考查读后表达。通读全文，以Anneke Camstra的榜样，我建议应该让老年人学习使用社交媒体，
因为它使老年人能更好的了解外面的世界。故答案为To learn to use social media, because it allows them to
get to know the outside world better.
四、
（2021·北京·高考真题）
Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly
reduced or almost completely erased．Thus，it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends， family
members，or classmates rather than holding them back．
There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that you and your opponent present your
concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．You can engage in an argument respectfully
without stirring up（激起） anger．Fighting，however，usually involves personal attacks，raising of voices，
and storming out．Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your
emotional health．In a study，2.000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a
row．When people had an argument that they considered resolved， they had half the reactivity （情绪反应）
of those who avoided an argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positiveemotions．In other words，resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half．One day later， people
who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an
argument． This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution——and
you are less likely to be annoyed．
Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be
because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between
what matters and what does not．
It is easier to avoid a discussion，but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome．
15．According to this passage，what is arguing？
16．Why is it that“the older you are， the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”？
17．Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why．
Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the
chance of you getting angry．
18．In addition to improving emotional health，what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an
argument？ （In about 40 words）
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或
几乎完全消除。因此，向你的朋友、家人或同学提出问题可能是值得的，而不是阻止他们。
15．Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party．
【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段“Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss
the feelings and issues related to those concerns．”（争论是你和你的对手提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧
相关的感受和问题。）可知，争论是提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。故答案为
Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party．
16．It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life．
【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段“Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a
resolution after an argument．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．
You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not．”（而且，年纪越大，越有可能在
争吵后找到解决办法。这可能是因为更多的生活经历通常会导致更明确的优先事项。你更有可能区分什么
是重要的，什么是不重要的。）可知，更多的生活经验可以帮助人们更好地确定生活中的优先事项。故答
案填It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life．
17．Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reducesthe chance of you getting angry．Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity．
【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段“Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the
emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．”（最近的研究表明，如果一
个争论得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应就会显著减少或几乎完全消失。）可知，解决争吵可以改善你的情
绪健康，因为它增加你的反应，减少你生气的机会。解决争论有助于降低你的反应性，而不是增加你的反
应力。故答案为Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity
and reduces the chance of you getting angry．Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity．
18．Resolving arguments can solve specific problems, complex situations at very low cost, improve people's
logical thinking , resilience, is conducive to the formation of a good relationship so that you can make yourself
more confident and develop better .
【解析】考查开放思维。解决争吵也可以提高人们的逻辑思维能力和应变能力，使得相互之间的关系得到
升华。故可能答案版本一为Resolving arguments can solve specific problems, complex situations at very low
cost, improve people's logical thinking , resilience, is conducive to the formation of a good relationship so that
you can make yourself more confident and develop better .
五、
（2021·天津·高考真题）
I’ve always been creative since I was a little girl. My childhood was filled with arts, crafts (手工) and music,
and every day was an exciting adventure of creation.
Somewhere along the way, however, I lost touch with my creative self. At 21, I landed a job at a big insurance
company out of my business degree. I would go to the office, sit at my desk and repeat the same work five days a
week 9 to 5. The days were long and tedious. Working this way for one year was painful enough, let alone a
lifetime. Before long I decided to make a change.
One thing I had developed an interest in was sewing, so I took a sewing course at a community college. It was
only a five-week course but it awakened my interest and got my confidence up.
As I dreamt bigger, I began looking into college courses for Fashion Design and three months later I signed up
for a part-time design course. I attended classes two nights a week. Although exhausting, it gave me energy,
enthusiasm and happiness.
As it became clearer that fashion was what I wanted to do full time, the reality of my day-to-day work at the
insurance company became harder. I felt bored. No energy, no motivation and zero fulfilment (满足感).
I knew I needed to make a bigger change. After struggling for quite a while, I made a difficult decision—leaving my job and studying my design course full time. Two years later I got my diploma.
The last few years have been exciting because I’ve been following my heart to do what I love. Today I am
living a creative life as the designer of my own fashion brand.
Sometimes it’s hard to make a change, but I’m so glad I set the wheels of change in motion with that very
small first step because it has led me to where I am today.
19．What was the author interested in when she was a little girl? (no more than 10 words)
20．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean? (1 word)
21．How did the author feel when she was taking the part-time design course? (no more than 10 words)
22．What did the author do to get back to her creative life? Give two of the facts. (no more than 15 words)
23．Do you consider the author as your role model? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者坚持做自己真正喜欢做的事情，最后取得了成功。
19．She was interested in arts, crafts and music.
Or: She was interested in creative things.
【解析】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段内容“I’ve always been creative since I was a little girl. My childhood
was filled with arts, crafts (手工) and music, and every day was an exciting adventure of creation.（从我还是一个
小女孩的时候起，我就很有创造力。我的童年充满了艺术、手工艺和音乐，每一天都是令人兴奋的创作冒
险。）”可知，从作者还是一个小女孩的时候起，她就对有创意的东西感兴趣，对艺术、手工艺和音乐感
兴趣。故答案为She was interested in arts, crafts and music./ She was interested in creative things.
20．Boring./Dull./Uninteresting.
【解析】考查词义猜测。根据画线单词所在句后句“Working this way for one year was painful enough, let
alone a lifetime. Before long I decided to make a change.（这样工作一年已经够痛苦的了，更别说一辈子了。
不久我决定做出改变。）”可知，作者现在的工作让她感到痛苦，她并不喜欢这份工作。再根据第五段内
容“As it became clearer that fashion was what I wanted to do full time, the reality of my day-to-day work at the
insurance company became harder. I felt bored. No energy, no motivation and zero fulfilment (满足感). （当我越
来越清楚地意识到时尚是我全职想要做的事情时，我在保险公司的日常工作变得更加困难。我觉得无聊。
没有活力，没有动力，没有满足感。）”可知，作者真正喜欢的是和时尚相关的工作，保险公司的工作让
她感觉无聊。由此可知，画线单词所在句表示的是，在保险公司工作的日子漫长而乏味。故答案为
Boring./Dull./Uninteresting.
21．She felt/was energetic, enthusiastic and happy.
Or: She was filled with energy, enthusiasm and happiness.【解析】考查细节理解。根据文章第四段内容“As I dreamt bigger, I began looking into college courses for
Fashion Design and three months later I signed up for a part-time design course. I attended classes two nights a
week. Although exhausting, it gave me energy, enthusiasm and happiness.（当我的梦想更大的时候，我开始研
究时装设计的大学课程，三个月后我报名参加了一个兼职设计课程。我每周上两晚课。虽然很累，但它给
了我活力、热情和快乐。）”可知，在参加了兼职设计课程后，作者感觉充满了活力、热情和快乐。故答
案为She felt/was energetic, enthusiastic and happy./ She was filled with energy, enthusiasm and happiness.
22．She quit/quitted her job and took the fashion-design course.
Or: She attended a sewing class and took a part-time design course.
【解析】考查细节理解。根据文章第三段关键句“One thing I had developed an interest in was sewing, so I
took a sewing course at a community college.（我对缝纫产生了兴趣，所以我在一所社区大学上了缝纫
课。）”，第四段关键句“As I dreamt bigger, I began looking into college courses for Fashion Design and three
months later I signed up for a part-time design course.（当我的梦想更大的时候，我开始研究时装设计的大学
课程，三个月后我报名参加了一个兼职设计课程。）”和倒数第三段内容“I knew I needed to make a bigger
change. After struggling for quite a while, I made a difficult decision—leaving my job and studying my design
course full time. Two years later I got my diploma.（我知道我需要做出更大的改变。经过一段时间的挣扎，我
做出了一个艰难的决定，离开我的工作，并全职学习我的设计课程。两年后我拿到了毕业证书。）”可知，
作者为了恢复她有创造力的生活，她参加了一个缝纫班，并参加了一个兼职设计课程，辞去了工作，去上
时装设计课，根据题目要求，从中选出两点事实即可，不超过15个词。故答案为She quit/quitted her job
and took the fashion-design course./ She attended a sewing class and took a part-time design course.
23．Yes, (I do). She has the courage to follow her heart and do what she really likes.
Or: Yes, (I do). I’d like to live a creative life and make changes when necessary as she. Or: No, (I don’t). I don’t
like changes and I want to live a secure life.
【解析】开放题。题目询问“你认为作者是你的榜样吗？请解释一下原因。”本题为开放性试题，根据自
己的理解，言之有理，符合文章内容即可，不超过20个词，如果答案是肯定的，原因可以是“She has the
courage to follow her heart and do what she really likes.（她有勇气追随自己的心，做自己真正喜欢的
事。）”；如果答案是否定的，原因可以是“I don’t like changes and I want to live a secure life.（我不喜欢
变化，我想过安全的生活。）”。故答案为Yes, (I do). She has the courage to follow her heart and do what she
really likes./ Yes, (I do). I’d like to live a creative life and make changes when necessary as she./ No, (I don’t). I
don’t like changes and I want to live a secure life.
六、（2020·天津·高考真题）
I remember the day shyness took over my life. I was 14 and having a French lesson The teacher told us to
record ourselves speaking about a holiday. Perfect！ I recorded myself with confidence. Then, I pressed "play" to
listen back. All I heard was a little kid talking. My immediate reaction was to assume I was listening to someone
else's recording. But that was my voice. I realised there was something strange about me.
My little voice has made me feel really shy. And my shyness has caused me to avoid attending events, not
make important connections, and keep my ideas to myself. As a shy person, working from home, hiding behind my
computer was brilliant. But the more time I spent hidden away, the more my comfort zone shrank（缩小）.
Everyday interactions, like ordering a coffee, became increasingly awkward and uncomfortable.
And then, one day I was at a big conference and it suddenly hit me like lightning. All speakers were confident,
comfortable with being seen. There were no quieter voices. But the trouble is, if the loud voices are the only ones
you hear, we quiet people feel even more alienated（疏远的）。 The world needs a mixture of personalities.
Success is not just about who can shout the loudest. The world needs quieter people, too. That day I chose to stop
hiding and embrace my shyness. No more feeling like I needed to change who I am in order to succeed. No more
living a small life.
Then I created the Shy and Mighty Society, a space for shy people like me to shine, and in the process of
helping others, I could also push myself forward, bit by bit. Now, I'm happy to tell people I feel shy. I'm not
ashamed any more. And I know that I’m not alone.
24．Why did the author feel strange about herself after listening to the recording? （no more than 10 words）
25．What is the main idea of Para.2? （no more than 10 words
26．What does the underlined word in Para.3 mean? （1 word）
27．Why did the author create the Shy and Mighty Society? （no more than 10 words）
28．Suppose you are in charge of the Shy and Mighty Society, what will you do to help other shy people? And
why? （no more than 20 words）
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一个害羞的人，害差使作者不敢参加活动，并把自己封闭起来。
后来作者接受了自己的害怕，并创建了Shy and Mighty Society，给像自己一样害羞的人发光的空间，共同
提高。
24．Because her voice was different from what she had expected.
Or: Because all she heard was a little kid talking.
Or: Because of her little voice.【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“I pressed "play" to listen back. All I heard was a little kid talking. My
immediate reaction was to assume I was listening to someone else's recording. But that was my voice. I realised
there was something strange about me.”可知，作者录完音后，按下“播放”键来听，奇怪地听到一个小孩在
说话。作者的第一反应是以为在听别人的录音，但那是作者的声音。由此可知，作者感到奇怪是因为自己
的声音小，或听到一个小孩在说话，或是感觉听到的不是自己期望的。故答案为：Because her voice was
different from what she had expected. Or: Because all she heard was a little kid talking. Or: Because of her little
voice.
25．．Her shyness had a/an（bad） influence/effect/impact on her（life）
Or: Her shyness kept her hidden away.
Or: Her shyness kept her away from other people.
【解析】段落大意题。根据第二段“My little voice has made me feel really shy. And my shyness has caused me
to avoid attending events, not make important connections, and keep my ideas to myself. As a shy person, working
from home, hiding behind my computer was brilliant. But the more time I spent hidden away, the more my comfort
zone shrank（缩小）.” 可知作者的声音小，使作者害羞，害羞使作者不参加活动，不和别人交流。作者越
隐藏自己，舒适区就越小。这些都说明了害羞使作者隐藏，远离了别人，给作者带来了坏影响。故答案为：
Her shyness had a/an（bad） influence/effect/impact on her（life）. Or: Her shyness kept her hidden away. Or:
Her shyness kept her away from other people.
26．Accept.Or: Welcome.
【解析】词义猜测题。上句提到“The world needs a mixture of personalities. Success is not just about who
can shout the loudest. The world needs quieter people, too.”表明作者感悟到这个世界需个性。成功不只是谁喊
得声最大。世界也需要更安静的人。根据“That day I chose to stop hiding”可知作者选择不再躲藏，接受自
己的害羞。embrace原意是“拥抱”，此处指“接受，迎接”，故答案为：Accept. Or: Welcome.
27．To help shy people（to shine） and push herself forward.
Or: To help other shy people and herself.
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Then I created the Shy and Mighty Society, a space for shy people like
me to shine, and in the process of helping others, I could also push myself forward,”可知作者创建Shy and Mighty
Society是为了给像自己一样害羞的人发光的空间，在帮助别人的过程中，也可以推动自己一点点前进。故
答案为：To help shy people（to shine） and push herself forward. Or: To help other shy people and herself.
28．I will organize a speech contest so that they can walk out of their comfort zone and become more confident.
Or: I will share my experience with them, telling them how I handle my shyness.Or: I will encourage them to take part in various activities to improve their social skills.
【解析】推理判断题。作者创建Shy and Mighty Society是为了给像自己一样害羞的人发光的空间，所以作
为这个组织的负责人应该是组织活动或分享克服害羞的经验，用多种形式鼓励他人战胜害羞、增加自信、
提高社交技能。故答案可以是：I will organize a speech contest so that they can walk out of their comfort zone
and become more confident. Or: I will share my experience with them, telling them how I handle my shyness. Or: I
will encourage them to take part in various activities to improve their social skills.
