文档内容
专题 15 阅读理解之六选四
上海高考六选四是高考新题型，由原来的任务型阅读改革而来，分值 8分，语法难度较任务型阅读有
所降低，要求根据短文内容，从所给六个句子中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
但理解难度提高。一般来说，给出一篇缺少四个句子的短文和六个选项，进行六选四。每句出版篇章的某
一段落，要求学生找出与每句相匹配的段落。这一种阅读新题型固然有着不同于传统阅读解题方法的种种
方面，但同时也具备一些可以为学生所利用的新特点。考生需要从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的
联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，
并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试。分析篇章
结构，把握全篇文脉，是解答这一题型的关键。
短文长度一般为300词左右，题材为记叙文、说明文和议论文为主。设空类型：1.主旨句：标题类、
主题句类；2.过渡性句子:文章结构；3.细节注释性句子：上下文逻辑意义。值得注意的是文中不同的地方
挖空，考査的能力要求也会有所不同。
题型归纳
题型01 主旨句题
【题型诠释】
在某段第一句设空的内容通常是该段落主旨句，学生需要通过认真研读该段的内容，然后从选项中
查找下文的同义词或其他相关词或句的方法，从而确定答案；有时则需反复读设空处后面一两句或更多内
容，确定关键信息词，然后在各个选项中查找关联词和信息句。
学生做这类题时，注意一般正确答案选项与所设空后的第一句在意义上是紧密衔接的，因此正确
选项和原文的内容是连贯且符合逻辑的。
【典例1】(2023·上海·上海中学校考模拟预测)
Changing Someone’s Mind at the Dinner Table
Family gatherings can bring up topics we prefer to avoid. With the festive season in full swing, it might be
hard to stay away from some annoying relatives. At some point, you know they will say something like:
“Genetically modified foods are not safe to eat” or “Climate change is a conspiracy”. (Surely, all these statements
are untrue.)
67 “Is it worth making an effort to correct people?” says Jason Reifler at the University of Exeter, UK,who studies ways of challenging misperceptions. I think so. 6 8
Obviously, it is far more difficult to prove false beliefs wrong than to spread them.
Take a classic: “The climate has always changed, it’s nothing to do with humans.” To fight this, you need to
explain how the world is now warming at an alarming rate, when otherwise it would be cooling slightly were it not
for our carbon dioxide emissions.
69 “Parallel” arguments can often highlight logical errors very effectively, says John Cook of George
Mason University, Virginia. For instance, the “climate is always changing” myth is like claiming that because
people have always stolen from each other, leaving your house unlocked won’t increase the risk of burglary (入室
抢劫).
But you need to be aware of the backfire (适得其反的) effect. 70 This was discouraging news for the
fight against false beliefs. “The last thing you want to do when debunking (驳斥) misinformation is make matters
worse,” wrote Cook and Stephan Lewandowsky at the University of Bristol, UK, in The Debunking Handbook, a
short guide published in2011. However, more recent studies are far more encouraging. It’s not as common as we
initially thought,“ says Lewandowsky.
A. This is the idea that trying to change someone’s false belief can make them believe it more strongly.
B. However, more recent studies are far more encouraging.
C. Anyone can spread a lie, but it usually takes a bit of time and knowledge to explain why a statement is wrong.
D. But sometimes there are shortcuts to make your point convincing.
E. If you are not sure of the facts, do some web browsing on your phone rather than trying to wing it.
F. If this happens, you don’t have to just sit there quiet.
【答案】67. F 68. C 69. D 70. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何在餐桌上改变某人的想法。
67. 根据后文““Is it worth making an effort to correct people?” says Jason Reifler at the University of Exeter,
UK, who studies ways of challenging misperceptions. I think so.(“值得努力去纠正别人吗？”英国埃克塞特大
学的Jason Reifler说，他研究的是如何挑战误解。我想是的。)”可知，后文提到Jason Reifler纠正别人是值
得的，所以针对第一段发生的情况，不必只是坐在那里。故F选项“如果发生这种情况，你不必只是安静
地坐在那里”符合语境，故选F。
68. 根据上文““Is it worth making an effort to correct people?” says Jason Reifler at the University of Exeter,
UK, who studies ways of challenging misperceptions. I think so.(“值得努力去纠正别人吗？”英国埃克塞特大
学的Jason Reifler说，他研究的是如何挑战误解。我想是的。)”可知，上文提到Jason Reifler研究的是如何
挑战误解，且鼓励人们去澄清误解，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续说明如何来解释一个陈述是错误的情况。故C选项“任何人都可以散布谎言，但通常需要一些时间和知识来解释为什么一个陈述是错误
的”符合语境，故选C。
69. 根据后文““Parallel” arguments can often highlight logical errors very effectively, says John Cook of
George Mason University, Virginia. For instance, the “climate is always changing” myth is like claiming that
because people have always stolen from each other, leaving your house unlocked won’t increase the risk of
burglary (入室抢劫).(弗吉尼亚州乔治梅森大学的约翰·库克说，“平行”论证常常能非常有效地突出逻辑错
误。例如，“气候总是在变化”的神话就像是声称因为人们总是互相偷东西，所以不锁房子不会增加入室
盗窃的风险)”可知，后文提到“平行”论证常常能非常有效地突出逻辑错误，即有其它方法可以让自己的
观点更令人信服。故D选项“但是有时候有捷径可以让你的观点令人信服”符合语境，故选D。
70. 根据上文“But you need to be aware of the backfire (适得其反的) effect.(但你需要注意适得其反的效果)”
以及后文“This was discouraging news for the fight against false beliefs.(对于打击错误信念的斗争来说，这是
一个令人沮丧的消息)”可知，本句进一步论述会产生何种适得其反的效果：试图改变一个人的错误信念可
以让他们更坚定地相信它。故A选项“这个观点认为，试图改变一个人的错误信念可以让他们更坚定地相
信它”符合语境，故选A。
题型02 承上启下句题
【题型诠释】
在某段第一句设空的内容也有可能为承上启下的句子，这就需要学生做到瞻前顾后，既熟悉上一段结
尾的内容，又结合下一段的内容，分析所选的答案是否能够将两段内容连贯起来。还有可能这一空是引出
下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认
真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否能与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。
解决此类题型，可以根据逻辑关系来判断。它包括：因果关系、转折关系、并列关系、递进关
系、例证关系。
【典例2】(2023上·上海·高三格致中学校考阶段练习)
The Bitter Truth Behind Vanilla
Vanilla is one of the world’s most popular spices and an important ingredient in products ranging from
chocolate to perfume. However, the wholesale price of vanilla has reached up to $600 per kilogram, when just a
few years ago it fetched a tenth of that. What is happening?
Madagascar supplies more than 80 percent of the world’s natural vanilla. In the 19th century, the French
introduced Bourbon vanilla to their African island colony. Today, vanilla represents 20 percent of Madagascan
exports, worth around $600 million at current prices. However, it is a difficult crop to grow. A vine takes three tofour years to mature. 67 Nine months later, the green beans must be hand-picked when perfectly ripe to
optimize their vanillin content (the compound that gives vanilla its flavor). Months of blanching (焯水),
sweathing (焖煮) and gradual drying in the sun are then necessary to produce the aromatic (芳香的) spice. Six
hundred hand-pollinated blossoms yield about six kilos of green beans, which convert to one kilo of dried beans.
The price of Madagascan vanilla was once set by the government. 68 Madagascar’s government was
eventually forced to end its price-fixing regime (体制). Food giants such as Unilever and Nestlé also increased
their use of synthetic vanillin, which can be produced from reliable sources, adding to the pressure. For 30 years,
Madagascar’s vanilla farmers earned just a pittance, and many ended up leaving the business. But even with fewer
producers, the price of natural vanilla stayed low.
It was not until public tastes started shifting towards all things natural that farmers’ fortunes revived. From
around 2011, some manufacturers began focusing once more on natural vanilla. In 2015, Nestlé announced plans to
use only natural ingredients in five years, and Hershey’s followed suit. 69 Extreme weather, weak crop-
security, and exporters who hoard inventory (囤货) and speculate (做投机买卖) on further rises have also kept
prices high.
70 To prevent theft of their now rather valuable crops, farmers have taken to harvesting the beans early,
thereby reducing the overall quality of the crop. That forces the government to make greater efforts to enforce
penalties (处罚). If it manages this, Madagascar could yet savor the benefits of its near monopoly (垄断).
A. It’s expensive because it’s both labor-intensive and time-consuming to grow.
B. Demand has therefore surged, and with it prices - in part because natural supplies are insufficient.
C. If pollination (授粉) is successful, it will take another eight to nine months until the plant matures.
D. This rise has not been without its challenges.
E. The flowers open for just one day a year, so pollination is done completely by hand.
F. But such were the prices it demanded for vanilla that in the 1980s buyers turned their attention to the cheaper,
poor-quality version available elsewhere, in particular Indonesia.
【答案】67. E 68. F 69. B 70. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文，香草是世界上最受欢迎的香料之一，其批发价格高达每公斤600美元，然而就
在几年前，它的价格只有这个价格的十分之一，文章讲述了其中的原因。
67. 根据上文“A vine takes three to four years to mature.(藤蔓需要三到四年才能成熟)”及下文“Nine months
later, the green beans must be hand-picked when perfectly ripe to optimize their vanillin content (the compound
that gives vanilla its flavor).(9个月后，青豆必须在完全成熟时手工采摘，以优化它们的香草素含量（香草的味道来自于这种化合物）”可知，此处是描述香草种植的艰难之处，E项“这种花一年只开放一天，所以
授粉完全靠手工完成”符合语境。故选E。
68. 根据上文“The price of Madagascan vanilla was once set by the government.(马达加斯加香草的价格曾经
由政府确定)”可知，马达加斯加的香草的价格曾经由政府确定，下文“Madagascar’s government was
eventually forced to end its price-fixing regime (体制).(马达加斯加政府最终被迫结束了价格操纵制度)”提到
马达加斯加政府最终被迫结束了价格操纵制度，所以空处应是提及其他可以购买香草的地方，F项“但由
于对香草的价格要求太高，20世纪80年代，买家将注意力转向了其他可以买到更便宜、质量较差的香草
的地方，尤其是印度尼西亚”符合语境。故选F。
69. 根据上文“In 2015, Nestlé announced plans to use only natural ingredients in five years, and Hershey’s
followed suit.(2015年，Nestlé宣布计划在五年内只使用天然原料，Hershey’s也紧随其后)”可知，制造商再
次关注香草，因此空处应是提及香草的需求量增大，B项“因此，需求激增，价格也随之飙升——部分原
因是自然供应不足”符合语境，故选B。
70. 上文“Extreme weather, weak crop-security, and exporters who hoard inventory(囤货) and speculate(做投机
买卖) on further rises have also kept prices high.(极端的天气，脆弱的农作物安全，以及囤积库存并投机价格
进一步上涨的出口商也使得价格居高不下)”提到一系列原因使得香草价格居高不下，下文“To prevent theft
of their now rather valuable crops, farmers have taken to harvesting the beans early, thereby reducing the overall
quality of the crop. That forces the government to make greater efforts to enforce penalties (处罚).(为了防止现在
价值颇高的作物被盗，农民们开始提前收割咖啡豆，从而降低了作物的整体质量。这迫使政府在执行处罚
方面付出更大努力)”描述了价格上涨导致的问题，D项“这种上涨并非没有挑战”承上启下，符合语境，
故选D。
题型03 总结、概括句题
【题型诠释】
如果第一段的段尾是空格，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，
如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。
做题时一要注意空格前的一句或两句；二是注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结的信号词，
如to conclude, in a word, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, therefore, as a result等词语；三是要注意与前
文的逻辑关系，找到关键的线索词句，如表示转折、对比、并列或排比的关系。
【典例3】(2023下·上海·高三上海市建平中学校考开学考试)Within the last decade, music festivals have grown into a major moneymaker in a competitive industry that
sees hundreds of such events each year in the U. S. There are the big ones with big ticket prices, multiple stages,
camping options and nearly endless lists of performers. 6 7
The origins of music festivals date back to ancient Greece, where such events often involved competitions in
music, arts and sports. Modern music festival in the U. S. grew out of the establishment of Woodstock. Though it
was not the first event of its kind, the 1969 event holds a mythical place within American pop-cultural history.
68 Coachella, one of the most popular festivals in the country, grossed $ 114. 6 million in 2017, setting a major
record by earning more than $ 100 million.
The mechanics that drove music festivals to becoming top earners have a lot to do with the effects of modern
life, says Chirinos, a professor of clinical music and global health at New York University. 69 He says,
arguing that sharing a clip from a Billie Eilish or Cardi B performance with one’s Instagram followers is more
satisfying than buying something expensive. A 2019 Deloitte survey of millennials — a group that makes up at
45% of the 32 million people who attend music festivals — finds that most value experiences: 57% of them said
they prefer travel and seeing the world over owning a home.
70 As streaming becomes one of the most popular ways to listen to music, sales of tickets and products
make up a large part of fans’ expenditures on music. Because listening to music has become practically free, the
access is unprecedented and makes live music much more special, according to Chirinos. “Audiences are keen to
connect to the artist and,” he says.
On the other hand, for artists, appearing at music festivals is an easier way to make money than depending on
record sales or long tours. As record sales saw a sharp decline in the early-to-mid-2000s thanks to the growth of
digital music, artists began depending on touring to earn money.
A. Music itself has changed as well, making festivals a bigger attraction for listeners.
B. Streaming pop stars’ performance makes music even more popular.
C. And alongside their rise in popularity, hundreds of smaller festivals have flourished.
D. People are more likely now to spend money on experiences over material goods.
E. Festivals have since grown into mainstream businesses that reap profits and embrace corporate sponsorships.
F. The first musical festival was said to be held in Coachella.
【答案】67. C 68. E 69. D 70. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了音乐会的起源、发展历史以及变化。
67. 根据上文“Within the last decade, music festivals have grown into a major moneymaker in a competitive
industry that sees hundreds of such events each year in the U. S. There are the big ones with big ticket prices,multiple stages, camping options and nearly endless lists of performers.(在过去的十年里，音乐节在竞争激烈的
行业中已经成长为一个主要的赚钱渠道，美国每年都有数百个这样的活动，其中有大型音乐节，票价很高，
有多个舞台，有露营的选择，表演者的名单几乎无穷无尽)”可知，上文提到了音乐节有很多，说明越来越
受欢迎，在蓬勃发展。故C选项“随着它们越来越受欢迎，数百个较小的节日也蓬勃发展”符合语境，故
选C。
68. 根据上文“The origins of music festivals date back to ancient Greece, where such events often involved
competitions in music, arts and sports. Modern music festival in the U. S. grew out of the establishment of
Woodstock. Though it was not the first event of its kind, the 1969 event holds a mythical place within American
pop-cultural history.(音乐节的起源可以追溯到古希腊，这些活动通常包括音乐、艺术和体育比赛。现代音
乐节在美国是随着伍德斯托克音乐节的建立而发展起来的。虽然这不是第一次这样的活动，1969年的活动
在美国流行文化史上有着神秘的地位)”以及后文“Coachella, one of the most popular festivals in the country,
grossed $ 114. 6 million in 2017, setting a major record by earning more than $ 100 million.(科切拉音乐节是该国
最受欢迎的节日之一，总票房为114美元。2017年为600万美元，收入超过1亿美元，创下了一项重大记
录)”可知，本段主要讲述了音乐节的起源和发展，后文提到了科切拉音乐节是该国最受欢迎的节日之一并
创下收益记录，由此推知，说明本句是在说明这些音乐节发展以及获得大量收益的原因。故 E选项“节日
后来发展成为主流业务，获得利润并接受企业赞助”符合语境，故选E。
69. 根据上文“The mechanics that drove music festivals to becoming top earners have a lot to do with the effects
of modern life, says Chirinos, a professor of clinical music and global health at New York University.(奇里诺斯是
纽约大学临床音乐和全球健康教授，他说，推动音乐节成为高收入人群的机制与现代生活的影响有很大关
系)”以及后文“he says, arguing that sharing a clip from a Billie Eilish or Cardi B performance with one’s
Instagram followers is more satisfying than buying something expensive. A 2019 Deloitte survey of millennials —
a group that makes up at 45% of the 32 million people who attend music festivals — finds that most value
experiences: 57% of them said they prefer travel and seeing the world over owning a home.(他认为，与Instagram
上的粉丝分享Billie Eilish或Cardi B的表演片段比买昂贵的东西更令人满意。Deloitte在2019年对千禧一
代的一项调查发现，大多数有价值的体验：57%的千禧一代表示，他们更喜欢旅行和看世界，而不是拥有
房子。千禧一代在参加音乐节的3200万人中占45%)”可知，本句承接上文说明音乐节成为高收入人群的机
制与现代生活的影响之间的关系。故D选项“人们现在更有可能把钱花在体验上，而不是物质产品上”符
合语境，故选D。
70. 根据后文“As streaming becomes one of the most popular ways to listen to music, sales of tickets and
products make up a large part of fans’ expenditures on music. Because listening to music has become practicallyfree, the access is unprecedented and makes live music much more special, according to Chirinos. “Audiences are
keen to connect to the artist and,” he says.(随着流媒体成为最受欢迎的听音乐方式之一，门票和产品的销售在
粉丝的音乐支出中占据了很大一部分。奇里诺斯说，因为听音乐几乎是免费的，这种访问是前所未有的，
使现场音乐变得更加特别。他说:“观众渴望与艺术家建立联系。”)”可知，上文提到“听音乐几乎是免费
的，这种访问是前所未有的”，即产生了变化，也提到了“观众渴望与艺术家建立联系”，说明音乐对听
众具有吸引力。故A选项“音乐本身也发生了变化，音乐节对听众的吸引力更大了”符合语境，故选A。
题型04 归纳推理题
【题型诠释】
段中设空即主题句或展开句。尤其注意分析空前后的逻辑关系和行文逻辑及内容的连贯性，注意句间
的衔接手段。其特点主要以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充前文具体
的事实、事例和说明。从行文逻辑上判断有：1.例证关系：前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。
例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。2.转折关系：主要指
英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间有 however (然而)，nevertheless (然而，
不过)，still (还，仍然)，though (可是，不过，然而)，yet (然而)，on the contrary (正相反)，in contrast (与此
相反，相比之下)，in comparison (比较起来，与……比较)，by comparison (相比之下)等连接词，则表明前
后两句话是逻辑上的逆转，空格处很有可能表示转折。3.因果关系：做题时最重要的是要在读懂空格前后
的句子的基础上，依据彼此的关系来确认答案。有时，前后的句子之间出现 as a result (结果)，
thus/therefore (因此)，so (such)...that (如此……以至于)等标志性词语，表明前后句有着原因和结果之间的关
系，说明前因后果或者前果后因等情况。4.递进关系：主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。
如果空格前后两句话之间有also (也，而且)，further (进一步地，而且)，furthermore (而且，此外)，likewise
(同样地，也)，similarly (相同地，类似地)，moreover (而且，此外)，in addition (另外，加之)，what’s more
(更重要的是)，not only...but also (不但……而且)等连接词或词组，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的递进关系，
空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。5.并列关系：如果空格前后两句话之间有first (ly) (首先，第一)，second
(ly) (第二)，third (ly) (第三)；first (第一)，next (其次)，then (那么，然后)；in the first place (第一，首先)，
in the second place (第二，其次)；for one thing (首先，一则)，for another (其次)；to begin with (首先，第一)，
to conclude (最后)等连接词或词组，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的并列关系，空格处很有可能是个并列的句
子。
学生做这类题时，第一步需要依据信息词将选项进行排除之后，把剩下的几个可能正确的选项依
次代入设空处，最终判断和确定一个选项和空白处前后内容能达到语意连贯，逻辑关系清晰，于是得
出了正确答案。
【典例4】(2023上·上海·高三上海市育才中学校考阶段练习)A San Francisco Museum Tackles Art’s Instagram Dilemma
A woman held tightly her phone to her heart, the way a missionary might hold a Bible. She was anxious to
take a picture of a stunning bouquet of flowers that sat not 10 ft away, but first she had to get through a crowd of
others who were doing the same.
67 For the 34th year, florists were asked to create bouquets that respond to pieces of art on display, from
ancient carvings to contemporary sculptures. A tower of baby’s breath imitates a waterfall in a nearby painting by
Gustav Grunewald. Red flamingo flowers and neon blue sticks echo a surreal portrait of a woman by Salvador Dali.
It’s amazing and also extremely Instagrammable, to the point that it has become a problem. 68
Institutions of fine art around the world face similar problems as the desire to take photographs becomes a huge
draw for museums as well as something that upsets some of their sponsors.
So the de Young responded with a kind of agreement: carving out “photo free” hours during the exhibition’s
six-day run.
One common complaint in the ongoing debates over the effect of social media on museum culture is that
people seem to be missing out on experiences because they are so busy collecting evidence of them. A study
published in the journal Psychological Science suggests there is truth to this. It found that people who took photos
of an exhibit rather than simply observing it had a harder time remembering what they saw.
6 9 Linda Butler, the de Young’s head of marketing, communications and visitor experience, acknowledges
that not everyone wants a museum to be “a selfie playland”. Yet a lot of other people do, and her take is that the de
Young is in no position to claim that one motivation for buying a $28 ticket is more valid than another.
If we removed social media and photography, she says, “we should risk becoming irrelevant”. 70 On
this visit to the museum, most people seemed to treat the photo craze as the new normal. Many politely waited their
turn and got out of other people’s shots,even as visitors bumped into each other in crowded galleries.
A. If this is a battle, signs indicate that the pro-phone crowd has already won.
B. But rather than expressing frustration about this awkwardness, she said she felt guilty, as if she were the one
challenging convention.
C. In recent years, the de Young received more than a thousand complaints from people who felt that cell phones
had spoiled their experience of the exhibit.
D. The cause of this recent craze was Bouquets to Art, one of the most popular annual events at the de Young
Museum in San Francisco.
E. The truth is people like selfies more than the exhibits way beyond researchers' imagination.
F. But the issue is complicated for the professionals running museums.【答案】67. D 68. C 69. F 70. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了由于一项名为“花束与艺术”的活动，旧金山的德扬博物馆里
拿着手机拍照的人络绎不绝，这造成了一些问题。文章从不同人的角度说明了他们对此的看法。
67. 根据上一段中“She was anxious to take a picture of a stunning bouquet of flowers that sat not 10 ft away, but
first she had to get through a crowd of others who were doing the same. (她迫不及待地想要在不到10英尺远的
地方拍下一束漂亮的鲜花，但首先她得穿过一群同样做着同样事情的人)”以及后文“For the 34th year,
florists were asked to create bouquets that respond to pieces of art on display, from ancient carvings to
contemporary sculptures. (这是第34年，花商被要求根据展出的艺术品创作花束，从古代雕刻到当代雕塑)”
可知，本句承接上文解释了女子想要拍摄花束这一行为的原因，根据后文内容可知起因是一项与花有关的
活动，故D选项“最近这股热潮的起因是‘从花束到艺术’，这是旧金山德杨博物馆最受欢迎的年度活动
之一。”符合语境，故选D。
68. 根据上文“It’s amazing and also extremely Instagrammable, to the point that it has become a problem.( 这很
神奇，也非常适合在instagram上分享，以至于这已经成为了一个问题)”以及后文“Institutions of fine art
around the world face similar problems as the desire to take photographs becomes a huge draw for museums as
well as something that upsets some of their sponsors.(世界各地的艺术机构都面临着类似的问题，渴望去博物
馆拍照成为了博物馆的巨大吸引力，同时也让一些赞助商感到不安)”可知，本段主要是在说明这一活动给
博物馆或是艺术机构带来的问题，故C选项“近年来，德扬博物馆收到了上千条投诉，人们认为手机破坏
了他们的展览体验”符合语境，故选C。
69. 根据后文“Linda Butler, the de Young’s head of marketing, communications and visitor experience,
acknowledges that not everyone wants a museum to be ‘a selfie playland’. (德扬博物馆的市场营销、沟通和游客
体验主管琳达•巴特勒承认，并非所有人都希望博物馆成为‘自拍乐园’)”可知，后文提到了德扬博物馆的
主管对此的看法，说明本段主要是从博物馆经营者的角度来说明对这一问题的看法。F 选项中 the
professionals running museums对应后文中Linda Butler, the de Young’s head of marketing。故F选项“但对于
经营博物馆的专业人士来说，这个问题很复杂”符合语境，故选F。
70. 根据后文“On this visit to the museum, most people seemed to treat the photo craze as the new normal. Many
politely waited their turn and got out of other people’s shots,even as visitors bumped into each other in crowded
galleries.(在这次参观博物馆的过程中，大多数人似乎都将拍照热视为新常态。尽管游客们在拥挤的画廊里
互相撞来撞去，但许多人还是礼貌地排队等候，避开了其他人的镜头)”可知，后文中提到的大多数人将拍
照热视为新常态，且许多人还是能礼貌排队等候，说明人们还是支持手机拍照的。故A选项“如果这是一
场战斗，有迹象表明，支持手机的那群人已经赢了”符合语境，故选A。高考练场
题型01 主旨句题
(2021年6月高考真题)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used
once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A. Another popular belief is that red wine, like other drinks, may be harmful to you if consumed too much.
B. Apart from that, many people believe drinking red wine is especially good for your heart
C. Eggs are high in cholesterol and fat despite the fact that they are a nutritious source of energy
D. There are many other myths common is our society about food and health.
E. This is because the body can deal with the extra cholesterol by reducing the amount it produces
F. With such a steady stream of information, it’s understandable that a few popular myths about food and health
are floating around.
Food & Health Myths
Every day there is new information about food and health products. Newspapers regularly have articles that
discuss how certain foods or drinks are good or bad for you, Some television shows often deal with new stories
about how consuming certain substances can affect your body 6 7
One myth about food and health is that eggs are bad for your heart. Although they are indeed high in
cholesterol (胆固醇) and fat, it’s not true that eating eggs every day will damage your heart. 6 8 As far as fat
goes, it’s the yellow part of the egg that contains all the fat. So if you’re worried about the fat content of eggs, go
ahead and just eat the whites. You might also choose to buy certain kinds of eggs that have less fat content
depending on the diet of the animal. Check your local supermarket for more information.
69 Although it was once thought to have unique properties, other types of alcohol can have the same
effects. A study conducted recently revealed that people who drank red wine did not live any longer than those who
drank other kinds of spirits, such as beer or white wine. it seems that the alcohol itself improves an individual's
health by raising the levels of good cholesterol and decreasing bad cholesterol. The alcohol also serves to increase
blood flow and assist in blood clotting (凝结).
70 Consumers who are especially concerned about their health should think carefully about new
information they read about or see on television.
题型02 承上启下句题(2022年1月高考真题)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used
once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A. However, this is not the case when libraries lend e-books.
B. This may not be a big issue now, for e-books are minor in publishing.
C. Also, publishers assume get more profits from libraries where readers pay them more.
D. Publishing contracts often don’t specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-
lending.
E. Extension alone would do little if the current funds under the schemes were merely re-distributed from books
to e-books.
F. For this reason, authors and publishers have been talking the Government into extending the Lending Rights
Schemes to e-books.
Should Writers Be Paid for Their E-books Lent by Libraries?
When libraries lend books to the public, authors and publishers receive remuneration from the Government
under the Lending Rights schemes. 6 7 Is this fair?
This year, the government has distributed almost a $ 22 million under these Public Lending Rights and
Educational Lending Rights Schemes. For each book in public library collections creators receive $ 2.1l and
publishers receive $ 0.52.
The amount that each claimant receives is often not very significant, with the majority of authors receiving
between S 100-500 annually, Still, a previous study has revealed that this remuneration constitutes the second most
important source of income for creators from their creative work..
E-books, however, are not covered by these Lending Rights schemes. 68 But e-book lending is
increasing and, according to the Australian Library and Information Association, e-books are likely to reach 20% of
library holdings by 2020. Also, most, if not all, self-published titles are done so in digital format only. Such self-
published titles, if lent by libraries, would not qualify for any remuneration.
69 Although the Book Industry Collaborative Council made such proposal already in a report of 2013,
nothing has happened of yet.
One of the main reasons why e-books are not covered is that e-book lending is quite different from print book
lending. In case of print books, authors and publishers are arguably losing on customers and revenues when
libraries loan their books for free. Creators only receive $ 2.11 and publishers receive $ 0.52 for each book in
public library collections.
At present, in the case of e-books, many publishers chose not to sell these books to libraries. 7 0
While publishers charge libraries high prices for e-books, writers complain that these amounts do not reachthem. Publishing contracts often don’t specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-
lending.
题型03 总结、概括句题
(2020年6月高考真题)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used
once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A. The higher the price of film ticket is, the more popular it is among youngsters.
B. Imagine if you could instead pay less to see films that are not in high demand?
C. One of the first cinema chains to take up this initiative is Dendy. More will follow.
D. Dynamic ticket pricing relies on the quality and trend of the film, varying from one to another.
E. Dynamic ticket pricing gives the consumer the ability to purchase film tickets at a wider range of prices.
F. Dynamic pricing benefits cinemas by optimizing the price mix for every screening of every film.
Coming soon to a cinema near you? Ticket prices shaped by demand
Chances are that if you see just one film this year, you probably saw it already. The period between Christmas
and Australia Day is typically the busiest and most competitive in our film calendar. But even when you arrive at a
ticket counter at a quieter time of year you will usually pay the same price to see a film irrespective of its
popularity, quality or budget size. 6 7
A new smart application means this will soon be a reality for some Australian consumers. Melbourne-based
start up Choovie will launch a service offering demand-based ticket pricing to filmgoers at the end of March, with
over 100 screens across metropolitan and regional venues in Victoria, NSW and ACT. 6 8
Choovie’s app will allow consumers to decide, within parameters set by the cinemas, what price they pay to
see a film. For example, if you don’t want to pay more than $10 to see a particular title and are prepared to
compromise on where and when you see it, the app will locate a suitable session for you.
The emergence of apps such as Choovie is likely to shake up the film industry by fundamentally changing our
experience of going to the movies.
Dynamic (or demand) ticket pricing aims to change this.
So how does dynamic pricing work?
6 9 This depends on a number of demand variables, such as movie life cycle, time of day, day of the week,
film title, venue, size of screen, actual bookings and so on. The number of seats in each price category for every
film is based on demand conditions at the time of purchase.
It works by using “pricing bots”, which adjust prices in real time according to rules set by the exhibitor and onthe basis of information gathered about consumer preferences. Uber’s “surge pricing” is one example of dynamic
pricing. Airline tickets are another.
The idea is that instead of offering customers a limited number of ticket categories, the cinema sells each seat
based on the individual customer’s willingness to pay. Patrons can choose screenings by specifying things such as
the amount they are prepared to spend (say, under $10), the location of the cinema (no more than 10 km from
home), the time of day (any time after 2pm) and so on. Conversely, cinemagoers should also be prepared to pay
higher prices for films that are close to selling out in popular sessions.
70 It gives them the flexibility to respond to unexpected fluctuations in demand and encouraging their
patrons to pre-purchase seats. And it benefits customers by simplifying the process of finding cheaper cinema
tickets and guaranteeing them a reserved seat.
题型04 归纳推理题
(2021年1月高考真题)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used
once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A. So why do these movies fail?
B. The film, in contrast, failed to bring its audience along for the ride.
C. Game adaptations’ issues seem not to be due to a lack of resources.
D. But the return on investment is not encouraging, with a number failing to recoup costs.
E. The potential to appeal to a devoted fan base makes these movies an attractive prospect.
F. However, a common criticism was that it was “full of boring exposition and mostly uninteresting characters”.
Too Big, Too Expensive and Too Silly - Why Video Game Movies Fail
Film adaptations of video games have fallen on the unsuspecting viewing public like a Drop Bear. At first
they look harmless enough, but they often leave viewers bruised and regretful.
These movies are plentiful. 67 Yet despite big budgets and quality talent both in front of and behind the
camera, most video game movies are commercial and critical failures.
68 The answer comes down to a complex mix of conflicting audience demands and commercial
realities. Video game movies often assume that the audience wants, or is interested in, the game’s legend and
background. In fairness, this is out of fear that fans will criticise legend changes, alienating a key demographic.
But games reveal legend progressively over tens of hours of gameplay, whereas movies have a small portion of
that time. This tension risks creating boring exposition and complex story lines. For example, Warcraft details the
origins of conflict between humans and ores (兽), the central conflict in the game’s world. 6 9Additionally, excessive adherence to the source material extends to using silly plot device: without spending
enough time establishing proper reasons for their existence. In games, the these can work due to the “unspoken but
commonly understood logic of ‘this is a video game’”. In a game, people accept inconsistent narrative devices
because they facilitate interesting interaction and are the quickest route towards allowing gamers to, say, shoot hell-
monsters on Mars.
The game series became increasingly complex, as the player-controlled protagonist (主角) parkoured his way
through time periods like Renaissance Italy and Revolutionary America. The incredibility of the narrative world
paled beside the fun of vaulting from rooftop to rooftop in15th-century Florence.
70 The plot--an original story which retains the key elements of the games---was criticized as “scattered
and fractured”, “hastily explained” and “disorienting”. Vanity Fair pointed out that “it’s not clear why any of this
is happening” and Roger Ebert. com summed it up as: Characters talking in quiet whispers about the complex
methods they use to realize their poorly-hidden agendas.
名校模拟
(1)
(2023上·上海·高三复旦附中校考期中)
Could a New Battery Solve Our Energy Problem?
Researchers in the US have made headlines worldwide by developing a new type of battery that charges far
faster and holds way more charge than today’s lithium cells (锂电池). It’s not just a terrific technology story, either.
The team behind it is led by tech legend Prof John Goodenough of the University of Texas, Austin—the co-inventor
of the original lithium-ion battery, and still doing brilliant work at the age of 94.
1 That’s why we’re still using 21st-Century gadgetry with one eye on battery, wondering if we can get to
a charger before our device goes completely dead.
This depressing state of affairs is more than simply inconvenient. If we’re to make the most of renewable
energy, we need ways of coping with those times when the wind drops or there’s no sunshine. 2
Elon Musk, the billionaire boss of electric car company Tesla, certainly thinks so. He’s already created a 20
megawatt battery ‘farm’ in California, and is willing to put his money where his batteries are. 3 For example,
one wind farm in Hawaii had three fires in its battery ‘farm’ within a year of opening.
But now Goodenough and his team may have found the answer, by switching from lithium to sodium (钠).The lithium batteries that made Goodenough’s reputation contain a liquid electrolyte (电解质) which doesn’t
respond well to rapid charging. One of Goodenough’s colleagues, Maria Braga, decided that the answer lay in
switching to solid electrolytes. The team has now managed to get a solid glass electrolyte to work with sodium,
which is similar to lithium but far more common. 4 The battery has triple the charge of its lithium equivalent,
it charges in minutes rather than hours, and it has a longer lifespan.
Advances in energy storage are vital if renewable are going to reach their potential. The boundless energy of
Goodenough—the Li-ion King himself—may just have found the solution just in time.
A. Batteries that store energy for those times is one pretty obvious solution.
B. No one seriously questions the need for wind and solar power to be part of global energy strategy.
C. The result is transformational.
D. Yet not everyone is convinced current battery technology is up to the job.
E. While computing power famously doubles every two years, battery performance has barely doubled in 20.
F. Commercialisation may take a decade, though it could happen faster.
(2)
(2023上·上海·高三上海交大附中校考期中)
Nobel economics prize goes to professor for research on the workplace gender gap
The Nobel economics prize was awarded Monday to Harvard University professor Claudia Goldin for
research that has advanced the understanding of the gender gap in the labor market. 1 Goldin is just the third
woman to win the prize out of 93 economics laureates.
Claudia Goldin has studied 200 years of women’s participation in the workplace, showing that despite
continued economic growth, women’s pay did not continuously catch up to men’s and a divide still exists despite
women gaining higher levels of education than men.
“ 2 But when I look at the numbers, I think something has happened in America, that we, in the 1990s,
our labor force participation rate for women was the highest in the world, and now it isn’t the highest in the world,”
Goldin told The Associated Press. “We have to step back and ask questions about piecing together the family, the
home, together with the marketplace and employment,” she said.
Goldin’s research does not offer solutions, but it allows policymakers to tackle the entrenched problem, said
economist Randi Hjalmarsson, a member of the Nobel committee. “ 3 And therefore, there is no single
policy,” Hjalmarsson said. “It’s a complicated policy question because if you don’t know the underlying reason, a
certain policy won’t work.” However, “by finally understanding the problem and calling it by the right name, wewill be able to pave a better route forward,” Hjalmarsson said.
Goldin said that what happens in people’s homes reflects what happens in the workplace, with women often
taking jobs that allow them to be on call at home work that often pays less. “Ways in which we can even things out
or to create more couple equity also leads to more gender equality,” she said.
Goldin had to become a data “detective” as she sought to fill in missing data for her research. 4 “So
how did Claudia Goldin overcome this missing data challenge? She had to be a detective to dig through the
archives to find novel data sources and creative ways to use them to measure these unknowns,” Hjalmarsson added.
A. She explains the source of the gap, and how it’s changed over time and how it varies with the stage of
development.
B. The Nobel committee credits Goldin with finding missing data to better explain continuing differences between
both the pay and work involvement, or participation, of men and women.
C. I’ve always been an optimist.
D. I looked at women whose jobs went uncounted, such as those who worked on farms alongside their husbands or
made clothing at home.
E. The announcement went a tiny step to closing the Nobel committee’s own gender gap.
F. For parts of history, systematic labor market records did not exist, and, if they did, information about women
was missing.
(3)
(2023上·上海·高三上海中学校考期中)
E-sports: the world’s biggest performance you’ve never heard of
Whoever said you’re wasting your life away playing video games obviously had no idea how big e-sports
were going to get.
E-sports has become huge business over the past five years, with professional video gaming tournaments
offering more prize money than some of sport’s biggest events. 1 The League of Legends championship last
year was watched by more than 27 million people when broadcast on ESPN, eclipsing the audiences for last year’s
baseball World Series (23.5 million viewers) and NBA Finals (18 million). With big popularity and big money
involved these days, more and more people across the world are considering professional gaming as a genuine
career.
While some gamers have been making a living off their skills since the late 1990s, it wasn’t until 2010’s Star-
craft II that things really changed. One of the first games built with e-sports squarely as its focus, Star-craft Iibecame a true spectator sport. 2 “We knew we were building an e-sport and the competitive nature
combined with streaming coming into its own really helped catch viewership in Europe and North America.” the
game’s executive producer Chris Sigaty told an Australian news agency.
3 In Australia, the biggest challenge is basic facilities. Countries like South Korea and the USA have
high-speed broadband that allows competitors to play and practice without the limitations of Australia’s relatively
slow connection speeds. As more money is brought into the sport, it’s hoped traditional media companies and
sponsors will invest money to help bring world class facilities to Australia’s shores.
But even if that does happen - will e-sports be able to truly claim it is a “sport”?
Fans argue that e-sports have all the excitement, skill and competition of a basketball game. On top of that, e-
sports have teams, star players, sponsors and millions of dedicated fans across the world. 4 But e-sports
cannot escape the argument that it lacks the athletic aspects of other professional sports.
A. Mr Sigaty was also the first to admit there was lots of work to be done to ensure the sport continued to grow.
B. The popularity of e-sports is surprising.
C. Organized competitive gaming has become a billion-dollar industry.
D. Even the US government grants professional athlete visas to top e-sports players.
E. E-sports doesn’t fit neatly into any of the existing definitions of a sport.
F. With the launch of video streaming services, e-sports became the mainstream.
(4)
(2023上·上海·高三同济大学第一附属中学校考阶段练习)
Fear is good; in emergencies, it enables us to fight or flee. But often we get scared at the wrong time - when
we step onto the field for a big soccer game or up to the microphone at a large town meeting. Professional athletes
and actors say some nervousness help them concentrate better. But, when performance anxiety is too powerful, it
undermines our efforts; a violinist cannot find the correct notes, a manager in a meeting forgets all the talking
points. 1
The human anxiety reaction begins almost automatically and includes clear physiological symptoms; a racing
heart, sweating, stomach pains. Some people have trouble breathing or feel faint. Thus alarmed, victims may
withdraw into themselves or shock others around them with aggressive outbursts. If the need to perform is a regular
requirement, they may suffer from nightmares or fall into depression. 2 Studies reveal that anxiety-plagued
executives are less able to apply logical intelligence on standard tests than calmer colleagues
3 Yet psychologist Douglas H. Powell of Harvard Medical School is convinced that severe stage fright isa phenomenon unto itself, given that it appears in only certain well-defined situations. Sociophobes (社恐的人) , in
contrast, suffer merely when others are present. Whereas people with social phobias fear the negative feelings of
others, those with performance anxiety are their own harshest critics. They are perfectionists and would rather
cancel an appearance — or avoid it —than not meet their own standards and, by extension, not be able to
demonstrate how good they are.
This destructive style of thinking often arises from a lack of self-esteem. 4 Previous bad experiences can
be a trigger —an embarrassing experience in a school play or a single failed test can sometimes arouse such strong
feelings of shame in youngsters that as adults they will avoid any remotely similar undertaking.
A. Some therapists utilize techniques that act against the physical symptoms of fear.
B. Survival may not hang in the balance, but social, professional or financial success can seem to be in grave
danger.
C. All these symptoms eat away at the very resources needed to rise to the occasion: steady hands, clear memory
and a cool head.
D. The individual begins by imagining failure, works himself or herself into a state and then criticizes his or her
own abilities.
E. At Harvard, Powell found that facing anxiety can be a hard task, but many times the fear arises from completely
controllable preconditions.
F. Because performance anxiety arises when other people are present, many psychologists believe that the
condition is a sub-category of social anxiety.
(5)
(2023上·上海·高三上海市行知中学校考期中)
Too Big, Too Expensive and Too Silly — Why Video Game Movies Fail
Film adaptations of video games have fallen on the unsuspecting viewing public like a Drop Bear. At first they
look harmless enough, but they often leave viewers bruised and regretful.
These movies are plentiful. 1 Yet despite big budgets and quality talent both in front of and behind the
camera, most video game movies are commercial and critical failures.
2 The answer comes down to a complex mix of conflicting audience demands and commercial realities.
Video game movies often assume that the audience wants, or is interested in, the game’s legend and background. In
fairness, this is out of fear that fans will? Criticise legend changes, alienating a key demographic. But games reveal
legend progressively over tens of hours of gameplay, whereas movies have a small portion of that time. Thistension risks creating boring exposition and complex story lines. For example, Warcraft details the origins of
conflict between humans and orcs (兽), the central conflict in the game’s world. 3
Additionally, excessive adherence to the source material extends to using silly plot devices without spending
enough time establishing proper reasons for their existence. In games, these can work due to the “unspoken but
commonly understood logic of ‘this is a video game’”. In a game, people accept inconsistent narrative devices
because they facilitate interesting interaction and are the quickest route towards allowing gamers to, say, shoot hell-
monsters on Mars.
The game series became increasingly complex , as the player-controlled protagonist (主角) parkoured his way
through time periods like Renaissance Italy and Revolutionary America. The incredibility of the narrative world
paled beside the fun of vaulting from rooftop to rooftop in15th-century Florence.
4 The plot — an original story which retains the key elements of the games —was criticized as
“scattered and fractured”, “hastily explained” and “disorienting”. Vanity Fair pointed out that. It’s not clear why
any of this is happening and RogerEbert.com summed it up as: Characters [talking] in quiet whispers about the
complex methods they use to realize their poorly-hidden agendas.
A. So why do these movies fail?
B. The film, in contrast, failed to bring its audience along for the ride.
C. Game adaptations issues seem not to be due to a lack of resources.
D. But the return on investment is not encouraging, with a number failing to recoup costs.
E. The potential to appeal to a devoted fan base makes these movies an attractive prospect.
F. However, a common criticism was that it was full of boring exposition and mostly uninteresting characters.
