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2024 年高考英语一轮复习测试卷四（北京卷）
本试卷共100分。考试时长100分钟
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5份，共15份）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上
将该选项涂黑。
(2023门头沟区)
Family is the warmest place where members always help each other, especially in the most difficult times.
My husband and I went through tough times many years ago. However, we didn’t mention the difficulties to
our children. The only thing they knew clearly was that we had to ___1___many things. But we didn’t want to
___2___ them with a problem about which they could do nothing.
Our situation wasn’t improving, and we knew that we would have to look for outside help. Just as we reached
the point of ___3___, our community gave us an envelope that had been left in the committee’s offering box. The
committee said, “In our community, there has been a way of assisting those who have financial difficulties. In order
not to make the receivers feel ashamed, money is secretly dropped into an offering box with only the___4___name
on each envelope. Then the envelopes are___5___to those members without them knowing the givers’ names.”
You could imagine how overjoyed we were to receive it, which was enough to bring us through the desperate
time. We couldn’t help but ___6___ who had given such a generous gift. We were enormously grateful.
Later, our son applied for a student loan so that he could attend university. It was then that we ___7___his
saving account was almost empty. We’d trusted him to put the wages from his part-time job into the bank. We were
so___8___ that I asked him repeatedly to find out where the money had gone. He just stood there with firm eyes
but said nothing.
Finally, with great ___9___,my son eventually admitted that the year before he had put his savings in the
offering box for us. I stood there speechless, tears filling my eyes. He had spent several years saving that money
and had given it to us _____10_____without telling us what he had done.
1. A. make up for B. come up with C. cut back on D. look forward to2. A. bother B. harm C. encourage D. support
3. A. anger B. desperation C. hope D. relief
4. A. receiver’s B. giver’s C. organizer’s D. partner’s
5. A. related B. contributed C. distributed D. devoted
6. A. recall B. infer C. imagine D. wonder
7. A. discovered B. thought C. ensured D. admitted
8. A. pessimistic B. disappointed C. frightened D. guilty
9. A. interaction B. explanation C. expectation D. hesitation
10. A. obviously B. willingly C. gradually D. accidentally
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一家生活困难，在濒临绝望的时候，一个匿名的人给了他们一
个装有现金的信封帮他们度过了难关，最后发现这个人居然是他们的儿子。
1考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们唯一清楚的是，我们必须削减开支。A. make up for补偿；B. come up
with提出；C. cut back on消减；D. look forward to期待。根据上文“My husband and I went through tough
times (我和丈夫经历了艰难的时期)”可知他们需要消减开支，故选C项。
2考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们不想为他们无能为力帮忙的问题而困扰他们。A. bother打扰；烦扰；
B. harm伤害；C. encourage鼓励；D. support支持。根据下文“a problem about which they could do nothing
(他们无能为力帮忙的问题)”可知，这些问题他们无能为力，所以父母不希望烦扰他们，故选A项。
3考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在我们接近绝望的程度的时候，社区给了我们一个信封，这个信封放在了
居委会的募捐箱里。A. anger生气；B. desperation绝望；C. hope希望；D. relief解脱。根据下文“You
could imagine how overjoyed we were to receive it,which was enough to bring us through the desperate time. (你可
以想象，我们收到它是多么的高兴，这足以让我们度过绝望的时光)”可知，作者一家的经济情况达到了绝
望的程度，故选B项。
4考查名词所有格词义辨析。句意：为了不让接收者感到羞耻，人们偷偷地把钱放进一个募捐箱里，每个
信封上只有接收者的名字。A. receiver’s接收人的；B. giver’s赠予人的；C. organizer’s组织者的；D.
partner’s伙伴的。根据上文“our community gave us an envelope (社区给了我们一个信封)”可知，信封上面
写的是我们的名字，我们是接收者，故选A项。
5考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，信封被分发给这些人，而他们不知道赠予者的名字。A. related联系；
B. contributed贡献；C. distributed分发；D. devoted奉献。根据下文“without them knowing the givers’ names
(不知道赠予者的名字)”可知，这是分发信封的方式，故选C项。6考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不禁想知道是谁送了这么慷慨的礼物。A. recall回忆；B. infer推理；C.
imagine 想象；D. wonder 想知道。根据上文“Then the envelopes are distributed to those members without
them knowing the givers’ names (信封被分发给这些人，而他们不知道赠予者的名字)”以及下文“We were
enormously grateful(我们非常感激)”可知，我们得到了帮助，非常感激，但又不知道谁帮助了我们，想知道
这个人是谁，故选D项。
7考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，我们才发现他的储蓄账户几乎是空的。A. discovered发现；B.
thought思考；C. ensured确保；D. admitted承认。根据下文“his saving account was almost empty (他的储蓄
账户几乎是空的)”可知，他的账户是空的，这是我们发现的，故选A项。
8考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们非常失望，反复要求他说出钱去了哪里。A. pessimistic悲观的；B.
disappointed失望的；C. frightened害怕的；D. guilty内疚的。根据上文“we discover his saving account was
almost empty. We’d trusted him to put the wages from his part-time job into the bank. (我们发现他的储蓄账户几
乎是空的。我们原本相信他会把兼职工作的工资存入银行)”可知，我们对他很失望，故选B项。
9考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，在极大的犹豫之下，我儿子最终承认前一年是他为我们把积蓄放进了
募捐箱。A. interaction互动；B. explanation解释；C. expectation期待；D. hesitation犹豫。根据下文“my
son eventually admitted (我儿子最终承认)”可知，儿子是犹豫了很长时间才告知真相，故选D项。
10考查副词词义辨析。句意：他花了好几年时间存了这笔钱，并心甘情愿地把钱给了我们，却没有告诉我
们他做了什么。A. obviously显而易见地；B. willingly乐意地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. accidentally偶然
地。根据下文“without telling us what he had done (没有告诉我们他做了什么)”可知，他愿意这么做，故选
B项。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分）
(2022-2023学年北京市海淀区)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
I’ve loved photography since I was a teenager. My parents recorded many home videos of my siblings and me.
Cherished family moments ____11____(document). Revisiting them was like opening a treasure chest. I’m
grateful for these visual records ____12____ showed our youth and growth. Film had a big influence on me. I love
the emotions conveyed by the story on video. For a decade I worked as a freelance filmmaker and photographer. I
recorded a wide range of genres, therefore ____13____(collect) tens of thousands of images—both still and
moving.B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
“Conventional wisdom tells us that we can feel happier if we smile or that we can get ourselves ____14____
a more serious mood if we scowl(怒视),” said Nicholas Coles, a PhD at Utah University. His team combined data
from 138 studies testing more than 11,000 participants and found facial ____15____(express) do have impact on
feelings. For example, smiling makes people happier, scowling makes them feel angrier, and frowning makes them
____16____(sad). These finding are exciting because they provide a clue about how the mind and body interact
____17____(influence) our conscious experience of emotion.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
By drawing patterns such as bamboos on the surface of a cup of tea, Chabaixi, an ancient Chinese tea trick
____18____(go) viral recently. There are a dozen steps, from grinding tea for fine powder, to pouring boiled water,
stirring the mixture for thick froth(泡沫), and finally drawing patterns. Clear water it used to put into the cup. When
the water ____19____(touch) the surface of tea, it turns into a white color and disappears in 20 minutes. The
process before drawing is known as “diancha.” The quality of it is crucial to ____20____ the patterns can be
successfully produced later.
11．were documented 12．which/that 13．collecting
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的父母在童年为他和兄弟姐妹们录像对他成为一位电影制作人
和摄影师的影响。
11．考查动词时态语态。句意：珍贵的家庭时刻被记录下来。空处作谓语，和主语moments为被动关系，
需用被动语态，结合上文“recorded”可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语为复数名
词，谓语动词使用复数形式。故填were documented。
12．考查定语从句。句意：我很感激这些记录我们青春和成长的影像。空处引导定语从句，先行词
records，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
13．考查非谓语动词。句意：我录制的题材广泛，因此收集了数以万计的图像——有静止的，也有移动
的。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词recorded，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，I和collect为逻辑主谓关
系，需填现在分词形式。故填collecting。
14．in 15．expressions 16．sadder 17．to influence【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究发现面部表情对情绪有影响。
14．考查介词。句意：犹他大学的尼古拉斯·科尔斯博士说:“传统观念告诉我们，微笑会让我们感到更快
乐，皱眉会让我们的心情更严肃。”in a more serious mood为固定短语，意为“处于更严肃的情绪”。故
填in。
15．考查名词。句意：他的团队综合了对1.1万多名参与者进行的138项研究的数据，发现面部表情确实
对情绪有影响。分析句子可知，“facial 2 (express) do have impact on feelings”是宾语从句，提示词
是从句中主语，应用名词expression作主语，结合谓语中助动词do可知，主语是复数名词。故填
expressions。
16．考查形容词比较级。句意：例如，微笑让人更快乐，皱眉让人更生气，皱眉让人更悲伤。“make+宾
语+宾语补足语”为固定用法，且空处和happier，angrier并列，空处需填形容词比较级作宾语补足语。故
填sadder。
17．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些发现令人兴奋，因为它们提供了一个线索，说明大脑和身体是如何相互
作用，影响我们对情感的有意识体验的。空处需填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to influence。
18．has gone 19．touches 20．whether
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种古老的中国茶艺——茶百戏。
18．考查动词时态。句意：在一杯茶的表面画上竹子的图案，这是一种古老的中国茶艺，茶百戏，最近在
网上疯传。根据时间状语“recently”可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为an ancient Chinese tea trick，助动
词用has。故填has gone。
19．考查动词时态。句意：当水接触到茶的表面时，它会变成白色，并在20分钟内消失。when引导的时
间状语从句缺少谓语动词，主句谓语动词turns是一般现在时，从句也使用一般现在时，主语为the water，
谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填touches。
20．考查宾语从句。句意：它的质量对于以后是否能成功地制作出图案至关重要。空处引导宾语从句，作
介词to的宾语，从句不缺成分，连接词表示“是否”，需用whether引导。故填whether。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
（2022·北京·北京师大附中校考三模）
Want to explore new cultures, meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time? You can do allthe three with Global Development Association(GDA). Whatever stage of life you’re at, wherever you go and
whatever project you do in GDA, you’ll create positive changes in a poor and remote community(社区).
We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24. Now we need
volunteer managers aged 25-75. They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes.
We have such roles as project managers, mountain leaders, and communication officers.
Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase a community’s access to safe drinking water,
or help to protect valuable local cultures. You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers.
Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you’ll also learn new skills and increase
your cultural awareness. You may have chances to meet new people who’ll become your lifelong friends.
This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes:
Schedule
Country
4-week programmes 7-week programmes
Algeria 5 Jul. — 1 Aug. 20 Jun. — 7 Aug.
Egypt 24 Jul. — 20 Aug. 19 Jun. — 6 Aug.
Kenya 20 Jul. — 16 Aug. 18 Jun. — 5 Aug.
South Africa 2 Aug. — 29 Aug. 15 Jun. — 2 Aug.
GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is
needed. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.There is no other chance
like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the
communities.
Find out more about joining a GDA programme:
Website:www.glodeve.org
Email:humanresources@glodeve.org
21．What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers?
A．To seek local partners. B．To take in young volunteers.
C．To carry out programmes. D．To foster cultural awareness.
22．The programme beginning in August will operate in ________.
A．Egypt B．Algeria C．Kenya D．South Africa
23．The shared goal of GDA’s projects to ________.A．explore new cultures B．protect the environment
C．gain corporate benefit D．help communities in need
【答案】21．C 22．D 23．D
【导语】本文是一则广告。Global Development Association(GDA)致力于积极的改变贫穷和偏远的社区，在
这里能探索新的文化，结识新朋友，同时做一些有价值的事。文章为GDA招募志愿者并介绍了今年夏天
的具体项目。
21．细节理解题。题干问管理人员的主要职责是什么。根据第三段中Depending on which role you choose,
you could help to increase ...,or help to project....You might also design...可知，根据岗位不同，管理人员可以帮
助增加小区的饮用水，可以规划地方文化，可以设计挑战项目培训年轻的志愿者，从这些内容上可以判断
出其主要职责是执行项目计划。故选C。
22．细节理解题。题干问八月份开始的这个项目将在哪里开展。根据这个表格中4-week programmes中的
最后一个South Africa 2 Aug—29 Aug，可知八月在南非开始，答案选D。
23．细节理解题。题干问GDA的所有项目的共同目的是什么。根据第一段you’ll create positive changes in a
poor and remote community.和倒数第二段中All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote
communities可知，其目标就是促进偏远贫穷区域的发展，即帮助有需要的社区。故选D。
B
(2022-2023平谷区)
Andrea Speranza wanted to be a firefighter long before she had the right word for her wish. After one
childhood adventure at a construction site ended with an iron nail embedded (嵌入) in her leg and an emergency
call to the fire department, she found herself in awe. “As they gave me the medical treatment, I thought, they could
help everybody and do anything,” says the now 52-year-old.
In 2000, Speranza fulfilled her dream of becoming a firefighter. Her job was exactly as fulfilling as she
imagined it would be, except for one thing; she still hadn’t seen another woman in her role—not in a magazine, not
on television, not in real life. Speranza decided to help young women see that they, too, could have a career like
hers.
The result is Camp Courage, an immersive (沉浸式的) program for girls aged 15 to 19 who want to learn
more about firefighting, paramedicine and police work. In 2006, Speranza welcomed the first 17 participants. Over
the course, the girls discover the ins and outs of being first responders: learning how to put out fires, delivering first
aid and so on.
Camp Courage now nuns one session every year and is free to attend. To offset (抵消) costs, Speranzafundraises by holding everything from car washes to comedy nights. Campers must submit an essay describing how
they plan to help their community, or a specific individual in need. And they have to deliver on the plan—from
building a bench for a senior at a bus stop to launching a local chapter of the Kids Help Phone.
While Camp Courage is designed to help more women become first responders, Speranza also has another,
bigger objective in mind: building leaders. “If they can deliver a mechanical baby or climb a hundred-foot ladder,
they’re not going to have a problem going through a job interview,” says Speranza. “It’s a complete change in
mindset, and it works.”
Now hundreds of girls have passed through Camp Courage and some of them work as first responders now.
Speranza feels a sense of achievement. The opportunity to recruit other girls to save lives alongside her keeps her
going. It’s not even measurable.
24. What inspired Speranza to become a firefighter?
A. Her dream now. B. A childhood accident.
C. The lack of female firefighters. D. A firefighter’s encouragement.
25. Why did Speranza decide to start Camp Courage?
A. To train the girls to take the first aid course.
B. To complete an immersive program about firefighting.
C. To assist more females to take up some jobs like hers.
D. To motivate more females to stand on their own feet in the future.
26. What do campers have to do to pass through Camp Courage?
A. Raise money to pay off the cost.
B. Submit an essay and deliver a speech.
C Build a bench for the disabled at a bus stop.
D. Hand in a plan and then put it into action.
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了加拿大的一位女性消防员Andrea Speranza，由于自己所在的
领域女性很少，她创办了“勇气营”，帮助很多女性成为消防和急救人员。
24细节理解题。根据第一段中“After one childhood adventure at a construction site ended with an iron nail
embedded (嵌入) in her leg and an emergency call to the fire department, she found herself in awe. “As they gave
me the medical treatment, I thought, they could help everybody and do anything,” says the now 52-year-old. (童年
时，她在建筑工地经历了一次冒险，结果腿上嵌了一颗铁钉，她给消防部门打了紧急电话，这让她感到敬
畏。“当他们给我治疗时，我想，他们可以帮助所有人，做任何事情，”现年52岁的她说)”可知，童年的一次意外经历使她想成为一名消防员。故选B。
25细节理解题。根据第二段中“Speranza decided to help young women see that they, too, could have a career
like hers. (Speranza决定帮助年轻女性认识到，她们也可以拥有像她一样的事业)”以及第三段中“The result
is Camp Courage, an immersive(沉浸式的) program for girls aged 15 to 19 who want to learn more about
firefighting, paramedicine and police work. (其结果就是“勇气营”，这是一个面向15至19岁的女孩的沉浸
式项目，她们想要了解更多关于消防、医疗护理和警察工作的知识)”可知，Speranza创办“勇气营”是帮
助更多的女性从事像她这样的工作。故选C。
26细节理解题。根据第四段中“Campers must submit an essay describing how they plan to help their
community, or a specific individual in need. And they have to deliver on the plan—from building a bench for a
senior at a bus stop to launching a local chapter of the Kids Help Phone. (营员必须提交一篇短文，描述他们计划
如何帮助他们的社区，或有需要的特定个人。他们必须实现这个计划——从在公交车站为一位老人建一张
长椅，到在当地成立一个儿童帮助电话分会)”可知，营员们需要提交一份计划，然后付诸行动才能通过勇
气营。故选D。
C
(2023房山区)
Plants need sunlight for photosynthesis (光合作用), the process of absorbing energy from light to create their
own food from carbon dioxide and water. That’s why plants grow and thrive in the warmer months when there is
more daylight and are dormant in the colder months.
But this process isn’t particularly efficient and only one percent of the energy contained in sunlight actually
ends up in the plant, according to a news release from the University of California, Riverside. Now scientists at the
university have found a way to bypass the need for natural photosynthesis and to create food by using artificial
photosynthesis. This allows plants to grow in complete darkness. “With our approach we sought to identify a new
way of producing food that could break through the limits normally imposed by biological photosynthesis,”
corresponding author Robert Jinkerson, a UCR assistant professor of chemical and environmental engineering said
in the news release.
The researchers devoted to artificial photosynthesis used a two-step electrocatalytic (电催化) process to
convent CO2, water, and electricity into acetate (醋酸盐) — the main ingredient of vinegar — that the plant
organisms consumed to grow. The researchers adjusted the electrolyzer, a device that uses electricity to support the
growth of food producing organisms. to come up with the highest levels of acetate ever produced by this method.
The new artificial photosynthesis method could be up to 18 times more efficient than sunlight. Experimentsshowed that a large range of food producing organisms could be grown using this acetate. “We were able to grow
food producing organisms without any contributions from biological photosynthesis,” said Elizabeth Hann, a
doctoral candidate in the Jinkerson lab and co-lead author of the study. “This technology is a more efficient method
of turning solar energy into food, as compared to food production that relics on biological photosynthesis,” she
said.
By eliminating the need for sunlight, he potential of this method to increase food supply in regions with less -
than ideal growing conditions is almost endless, according to New Atlas.
Food will be able to be grown almost anywhere, including in space and on other planets. “Imagine someday
giant vessels growing tomato plants in the dark and on Mars — how much easier would that be for future
Martians?” co-author Martha Orozco-Cárdenas, director of the UCR Plant Transformation Research Center said.
While this may be years off, the potential to grow food using artificial photosynthesis has great value in
feeding a hungry place where the population is growing and arable land shrinking. This new method increases the
efficiency of food production using less land and minimizes the environmental impact on the planet.
27. What does the underlined word “dormant” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean?
A. Fresh. B. Resting. C. Healthy. D. Normal.
28. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The process of artificial photosynthesis.
B. The contribution of natural photosynthesis.
C. The efficiency of sunlight on plant organisms.
D. The wide range of applications of artificial photosynthesis.
29. According to Martha Orozco-Cárdenas, artificial photosynthesis is .
A. accurate B. dangerous C. promising D. impractical
30. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Biological photosynthesis can help produce higher quality food.
B. Biological photosynthesis is more efficient in turning solar energy into food.
C. Using artificial photosynthesis may decrease the efficiency of food production.
D. Using artificial photosynthesis to grow food can reduce environmental influence.
【答案】27. B 28. A 29. C 30. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工光合作用的过程以及积极效果。
27词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“That’s why plants grow and thrive in the warmer months when there is more
daylight (这就是为什么植物在温暖的月份生长和茁壮成长)”以及后文“in the colder months”结合常识，可知，植物在阳光充足的温暖月份生长茂盛，而在寒冷的月份休眠。故划线词意思是“休息的”。故选B。
28主旨大意题。根据第三段“The researchers devoted to artificial photosynthesis used a two-step
electrocatalytic (电催化) process to convent CO2, water, and electricity into acetate (醋酸盐) — the main
ingredient of vinegar — that the plant organisms consumed to grow. The researchers adjusted the electrolyzer, a
device that uses electricity to support the growth of food producing organisms. to come up with the highest levels
of acetate ever produced by this method.(致力于人工光合作用的研究人员使用两步电催化过程将二氧化碳、
水和电转化为醋酸盐——醋的主要成分——植物有机体消耗醋酸来生长。研究人员调整了电解槽，这是一
种利用电力来支持食物生产生物生长的设备。用这种方法生产出了最高水平的醋酸盐)”可知，第三段的主
要内容是人工光合作用的过程。故选A。
29推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Food will be able to be grown almost anywhere, including in space and on
other planets. “Imagine someday giant vessels growing tomato plants in the dark and on Mars — how much easier
would that be for future Martians?” co-author Martha Orozco-Cárdenas, director of the UCR Plant Transformation
Research Center said.(食物几乎可以在任何地方种植，包括在太空和其他星球上。“想象一下，有一天，巨
大的容器在黑暗中在火星上种植番茄——这对未来的火星人来说会容易多少？”UCR植物转化研究中心主
任Martha Orozco-Cárdenas说)”可知，Martha Orozco-Cárdenas认为人工光合作用是有希望的。故选C。
30细节理解题。根据最后一段“This new method increases the efficiency of food production using less land and
minimizes the environmental impact on the planet.(这种新方法使用更少的土地提高了粮食生产的效率，并最
大限度地减少了对地球环境的影响)”可知，利用人工光合作用种植食物可以减少对环境的影响。故选D。
D
（2022·北京·北京八十中校考三模）
When I give public lectures about the climate crisis, the most common question people pose is: “Are you an
optimist or a pessimist?”
My answer is yes. California has achieved dramatic emissions reductions in a thriving economy, which makes
me hopeful, yet in general the fossil-fuel industry is determined not to change. The second most common question
is: “What can I, personally, do?”
That’s a tough one. The major drivers of climate change are collective enterprises such as power grids,
industry, large-scale agriculture and transportation systems. Substantial emissions reductions in these settings most
likely will not come from personal actions; they will come from laws and policies such as carbon-pricing systems,
revised building codes and supports for green investment.
Some people have argued that calls for individual action actually distract us from corporate responsibility. Thatcould explain why the fossil-fuel industry is fond of such requests. Oil giant BP popularized and promoted the idea
of a carbon footprint, deflecting attention to its customers who, it suggests, should take personal responsibility by
lowering their carbon footprints. One study found that focusing on individual activity actually undermines support
for more effective policy initiatives such as a carbon tax. Another problem with personal behavior is that people do
not like to be told what to do.
Yet individual acts can grow into influential group activity. One effective act, and one that can be amplified, is
to eat less red meat. Cutting meat consumption is a powerful and personal thing most Americans can do to tackle
the climate crisis, and they can do it immediately. About 40 percent of greenhouse gases come from agriculture,
deforestation and other land-use changes. Meat — particularly beef — drives climate change in two ways: first,
through cows’ emission of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, and second, by destroying forests as they are
converted to grazing land to satisfy the global demand for beef. By eating less beef, we can start to decrease that
demand. You do not have to become a vegan to do this. If every person in the U.S. cut their meat consumption by
25 percent, it would reduce annual greenhouse gas emissions by 1 percent. That might not sound like a lot, but it
would help protect the rain forest, so the positive effects — including reduced water and fertilizer use, improved
biodiversity and safeguarded rights of indigenous peoples — would be amplified.
Perhaps most important, social action is contagious — in a good way. If lots of us begin to eat less meat and
if we talk about it constructively, we will likely influence others. Pretty soon the 1 percent reduction becomes 2
percent or more. Reduced demand for meat could motivate my local supermarket to carry better produce, making it
easier for me and my neighbors to prepare a few more satisfying meat-free meals. Ultimately changes in demand
will influence industry. Forty years ago few mainstream supermarkets carried organic products; now nearly all do.
Consumer demand did that.
Cutting back on red meat also has the added benefit of being good for your health. So while I wouldn’t advise
governments to order people to stop eating hamburgers, if anyone asks, “What can I do?” a simple and accurate
answer is: “Eat less meat. It’s in your control, and you can begin right now. It benefits both you and the planet.”
31．Which one plays the most decisive role in emissions reductions according to the passage?
A．Individual actions. B．Fossil-fuel industries.
C．The thriving economy. D．Effective laws and policies.
32．What do we learn from the passage?
A．Indigenous peoples turn forests into grazing land.
B．Meat is considered as the biggest driver of climate change.C．Small individual acts can make a big difference collectively.
D．Most Americans have to become vegans to tackle the climate crisis.
33．What does the underlined word “contagious” in Paragraph 6 mean?
A．Appealing. B．Poisonous. C．Harmonious. D．Spreading.
34．What is the purpose of the author writing this passage？
A．To explain ways to reduce carbon footprint.
B．To persuade people to cut meat consumption.
C．To evaluate the effects of healthy eating habits.
D．To argue against the emission policies of industries.
【答案】31．D 32．C 33．D 34．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了通过个人的努力，也可以为减少碳足迹贡献自己的力量。
31．细节理解题。根据第三段“they will come from laws and policies such as carbon-pricing systems, revised
building codes and supports for green investment.(它们将来自法律和政策，如碳定价体系、修订的建筑法规和
对绿色投资的支持。)”可知，有效的法律和政策在减排中起决定性作用。故选D。
32．推理判断题。根据第五段“Yet individual acts can grow into influential group activity. (然而，个人行为可
以发展成有影响力的群体活动。)”及下文所举少吃肉的例子可推断，小的个人行为可以产生大的影响。故
选C。
33．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Reduced demand for meat could motivate my local supermarket to carry
better produce, making it easier for me and my neighbors to prepare a few more satisfying meat-free meals. (如果
我们很多人开始少吃肉，如果我们建设性地谈论它，我们很可能会影响其他人。很快，1%的减少就变成了
2%或更多。)”可知，社会行动具有传染性。所以contagious为“感染性的；传播性的”之意。故选D。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“So while I wouldn’t advise governments to order people to stop eating
hamburgers, if anyone asks, “What can I do?” a simple and accurate answer is: “Eat less meat. It’s in your control,
and you can begin right now. It benefits both you and the planet.”(所以，虽然我不会建议政府下令人们停止吃
汉堡包，但如果有人问：“我能做什么?”一个简单而准确的回答是:“少吃肉。”一切都在你的掌控之中，
你现在就可以开始。这对你和地球都有好处。”)”及全文可推断，作者写这篇文章的目的是解释如何通过
个人努力减少碳足迹的方法。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。
(2022-2023平谷区)Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens of
biodiversity. Reefs occupy 0.1% of the oceans. ____35____
Corals are useful to people. Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves, low-lying islands
such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago, and a billion people would lose food or income. However, reefs
are under threat from rising sea temperatures. Heat causes the algae (海藻) with which corals are living together to
generate toxins (毒素) that force those coral to leave. ____36____
Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help, such as
identifying naturally heat-resistant corals and cross-breeding such corals to create a new type. ____37____ Without
carbon reduction and decline in local, coral-killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the century.
Doubters doubt humanity will get its act together in time to make much difference.
____38____ Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share
responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together. Scientific workarounds can also be found. Natural currents can
be applied to facilitate mass breeding. Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified
to maximize bang for buck.
____39____ It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems. Hard-core greens — those who think that all
habitats should be kept unspoiled — may not approve. But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction, the cost
of doing nothing is too great to bear.
A. This can cause a coral’s death.
B. But there are grounds for optimism.
C. And they host a quarter of marine species.
D. Coral’s global ecosystem services are worth up to $10trn a year.
E. This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important.
F. This research can also be brought to bear on trying to save entire ecosystems.
G. However, the assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm.
【答案】35. C 36. A 37. G 38. B 39. E
【解析】这是一篇说明文。珊瑚礁对海洋生态系统和人类至关重要，但是珊瑚礁正受到海水温度上升的威
胁，研究人员正在采用自然活动和人为干预相结合的措施进行保护。
35根据前文“Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales and are equally important
havens of biodiversity.(珊瑚礁是海洋中的热带雨林。它们规模庞大，同样是生物多样性的重要避风港。)”可
知，此处是讲珊瑚礁是海洋生物多样性的重要避风港，所以选项C“它们是四分之一海洋物种的家园。”切合文意。故选C。
36根据前文“Heat causes the algae (海藻) with which corals are living together to generate toxins (毒素) that
force those coral to leave.(高温会导致与珊瑚共生的藻类产生毒素，迫使珊瑚离开。)”可知，此处是指这种情
况会导致珊瑚死亡。所以选项A“这会导致珊瑚死亡。”切合文意。故选A。
37根据前文“Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help, such as
identifying naturally heat-resistant corals and cross-breeding such corals to create a new type. (世界各地的研究小
组正在制定行动计划，看看这是否会有所帮助，比如识别天然耐热珊瑚，并对这种珊瑚进行杂交，以创造
一种新的珊瑚。)”和后文“Without carbon reduction and decline in local, coral-killing pollution, even resistant
corals will not survive the century.(如果不减少碳排放，不减少对当地珊瑚造成伤害的污染，即使是有抵抗力
的珊瑚也无法在本世纪存活。)”可知，此处是指珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到普遍的支持，所以选项G“然
而，珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到普遍的支持。”切合文意。故选G。
38根据后文“Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share
responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together.(碳排放目标正在制定，海洋污染正在处理。对珊瑚礁负有
共同责任的国家开始共同行动。)”可知，此处是指情况也有好的趋势，所以选项B“但我们有理由感到乐
观。”切合文意。故选B。
39根据前文“Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share
responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together. Scientific workarounds can also be found. Natural currents can
be applied to facilitate mass breeding. Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified
to maximize bang for buck.(碳排放目标正在制定，海洋污染正在处理。对珊瑚礁负有共同责任的国家开始共
同行动。科学的变通方法也可以找到。自然水流可用于促进大规模繁殖。可以确定最具生态和经济重要性
的地点，以最大限度地降低成本。)”和后文“It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems.(它可以作为其
他生态系统的蓝图。)”可知，此处是指这种自然活动和人为干预的结合很有好处，所以选项E“这种自然活
动和人为干预的结合很重要。”切合文意。故选E。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
E-waste is a serious problem that isn’t going to get better on its own. Here are some do-it-yourself tips on how
to manage e-waste.
Maybe the biggest cause of our e-waste problem is the fact that we buy things that we just don’t need. Next
time you feel like you need a device or electronic item, stop yourself and ask if it is truly necessary. This is maybealso the easiest way we can manage e-waste. Organize your electronics. If you don’t keep your connectors, DVDs,
wires and gadgets organized, you won’t be aware of what you have. When we buy duplicate electronics because we
think we need them, we are contributing to our growing e-waste problem. “How to manage e-waste” becomes less
of an issue when we keep our own houses in order.
If you do not need a piece of equipment and it is in good enough condition to be reused, donate it as soon as
you can so that somebody else can use it. Donations are good for us because they are a useful way to get tax
deductions, and a lot of times that tax deduction will be close to the value of the item had you tried to sell it. Take
your electronics back to the store. Some stores offer trade-in programs, where you can drop off your old equipment
in return for gift cards.
There are also places to sell electronics that might be valuable to somebody else. Just be sure to sell them right
away, because they lose value very rapidly in our changing market.
If you are frequently receiving memory sticks and little gadgets, collect them into a good-e-bag. Whenever
you no longer need a USB stick or a small electronic device, toss it into the bag. You might be surprised at how
quickly it fills up. So be sure you are utilizing your materials and products thoughtfully. With these tips you can use
DIY solutions to learn how to manage e-waste. Your house will be cleaner, you will save money and you’ll be
doing a good thing.
40．What is the biggest cause of our e-waste problem?
_____________________________________________________________
41．How can people get tax deductions when managing e-waste?
__________________________________________________________
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Sell the electronics that you don 7 need right away because the earlier you sell them, the more gift cards you
can get.
________________________________________________________
43．Why do we need to manage our e-waste? (In about 40 words)
_________________________________________________________________
40．The biggest cause of our e-waste is (the fact) that we buy things that we just don’t need./ It is the fact that we
buy things that we just don’t need. /(The fact)That we buy things that we just don’t need. 41．They/People get
tax deductions by making donations. /Through donations./Donating is a useful way to get tax deductions./By
donating (their equipment when it is in good enough condition). 42．Sell the electronics that you don’t needright away because the earlier you sell them, the more gift cards you can get. According to the passage, sell the
electronics that you don’t need right away because they lose value very rapidly in our changing market./According
to the passage, because the electronics lose value very rapidly in our changing market, the earlier you sell them, the
more valuable they will remain. 43．Managing our e-waste can reduce the pressure on the environment. If we
don’t deal with the fast-growing e-waste properly, it will pollute our environment or even affect the food chain.
Plus, it can relieve the shortage of metal resources, because some metals in e-waste are reusable if they are
recycled.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了电子垃圾产生的原因以及危害。
40．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Maybe the biggest cause of our e-waste problem is the fact that we buy
things that we just don’t need.(也许电子垃圾问题的最大原因是我们买了我们根本不需要的东西)”可知，电子
垃圾的最大原因是我们买了我们根本不需要的东西。故答案为The biggest cause of our e-waste is (the fact)
that we buy things that we just don’t need./ It is the fact that we buy things that we just don’t need. /(The fact)That
we buy things that we just don’t need.
41．考查细节理解。根据第三段“If you do not need a piece of equipment and it is in good enough condition to
be reused, donate it as soon as you can so that somebody else can use it. Donations are good for us because they are
a useful way to get tax deductions, and a lot of times that tax deduction will be close to the value of the item had
you tried to sell it.(如果你不需要一件设备，而且它的状况足够好，可以重复使用，那么尽快把它捐赠出
去，让其他人可以使用。捐赠对我们有好处，因为它们是获得税收减免的有效方式，而且很多时候，税收
减免将接近你试图出售的物品的价值)”可知，人们通过捐款获得税收减免。故答案为They/People get tax
deductions by making donations. /Through donations./Donating is a useful way to get tax deductions./By donating
(their equipment when it is in good enough condition).
42．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“There are also places to sell electronics that might be valuable to
somebody else. Just be sure to sell them right away, because they lose value very rapidly in our changing market.
(还有一些地方出售对其他人来说可能有价值的电子产品。一定要马上把它们卖掉，因为它们在不断变化的
市场中很快就会贬值)”可知，根据这篇文章，卖掉你不需要的电子产品，因为它们在我们不断变化的市场
中很快就会失去价值。故错误的部分为“because the earlier you sell them, the more gift cards you can get.”。
故答案为Sell the electronics that you don’t need right away because the earlier you sell them, the more gift
cards you can get. According to the passage, sell the electronics that you don’t need right away because they lose
value very rapidly in our changing market./According to the passage, because the electronics lose value very
rapidly in our changing market, the earlier you sell them, the more valuable they will remain.43．开放题，言之有理即可，注意字数。题干：为什么我们需要管理电子垃圾？可回答：管理电子垃圾可
以减少对环境的压力。如果我们不妥善处理快速增长的电子垃圾，它将污染我们的环境，甚至影响食物
链。此外，它可以缓解金属资源的短缺，因为如果回收利用，电子垃圾中的一些金属是可重复使用的。故
答案为Managing our e-waste can reduce the pressure on the environment. If we don’t deal with the fast-growing
e-waste properly, it will pollute our environment or even affect the food chain. Plus, it can relieve the shortage of
metal resources, because some metals in e-waste are reusable if they are recycled.
第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分)
(2023门头沟区)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你校将组织参观中国载人航天工程成就展，你班的英国交换生Jim
对中国航天兴趣浓厚，请你写一封邮件邀请他参加，内容包括：
1．活动目的及时间安排；
2．活动内容；
3．询问对方意向。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：中国载人航天工程成就展 exhibition of achievements in China’s manned spaceflight program
Dear Jim.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How’s everything going?To advocate the spirit of innovation and devotion, our school will organize a trip to
the exhibition of achievements in China’s manned spaceflight program. Knowing you’re interested in China’s
spaceflight industry, I’m writing to invite you to join us.The activity will be held in National Museum at 8 a.m.this Sunday. First, we’ll see the models of the space
station and rockets to get deeper insights into China’s spaceflight. Then we’ll enjoy various pictures and videos shot
during the space missions, which will vividly show Chinese astronauts’ life in space. Besides, with instructions of
volunteers, we’ll know about the glorious stories behind the spaceflight program.
Would you like to come? Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的邀请信。要求考生给交换生 Jim写一封邮件邀请他参加学校组
织的中国载人航天工程成就展。
【详解】1.词汇积累
对……感兴趣：be interested in→ show interest in
首先：first→ first of all /initially
各种各样：various → a variety of
此外：besides → what’s more/moreover
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：First, we’ll see the models of the space station and rockets to get deeper insights into China’s spaceflight.
拓展句：First, we’ll see the models of the space station and rockets so that we can get deeper insights into China’s
spaceflight.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing you’re interested in China’s spaceflight industry, I’m writing to invite you to
join us.（运用了现在分词作状语和省略连接词that的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】Then we’ll enjoy various pictures and videos shot during the space missions, which will vividly
show Chinese astronauts’ life in space.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
