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单元提升卷 05 Unit 4 Natural Disasters
单元基础知识巩固
拓展词汇变形
1. rescue n．&vt. 营救；救援→rescuer n. 营救人员；救援人员
2. survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过→survivor n. 幸存者；生还者→survival n. 幸存；生还
3. death n. 死；死亡→die vi. 死；死亡→dead adj. 死的；无生命的→dying adj. 垂死的；临终的
4. shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊→shocked adj. 震惊的→shocking adj. 令人震惊的
5. breathe vi.&vt. 呼吸→breath n．呼吸
6. revive vt.&vi. 复活；(使)苏醒→revival n. 振兴；复苏
7. suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n. 痛苦；苦难→sufferer n. 受苦者
8. wisdom n. 智慧；才智→wise adj. 明智的；有智慧的→wisely adv. 明智地；有智慧地
9. sweep vt.&vi. 打扫；清扫→(过去式)swept→(过去分词)swept
10. strike vi.&vt. 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击→(过去式)struck→(过去分词)struck/stricken
11. power n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerful adj. 强大的；强有力的→powerless adj. 无力的；没
有能力的；无权力的
12. erupt vi.&vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n. 爆发
13. calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静→calmly adv. 镇静地；沉着地
14. deliver vt.&vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表→delivery n. 递送；传达
15. effect n. 影响；结果；效果→effective adj. 有效的
16. length n. 长；长度→long adj. 长的→lengthen vt. 加长
核心短语互译
1. refer to 指的是；参考，查阅；提到 14. in the open air 露天；在户外
2. used to 过去常常 15. on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
3. set up 建立 16. stay/keep calm 保持平静
4. at least 至少 17. stay away from 远离
5. as if 似乎；好像；仿佛 18. make sure 确保
6. in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 19. fight the fire 扑火
7. in shock 震惊；吃惊 20. floodhit area 洪灾地区
8. blow away 吹走；刮走 21. rescue worker 营救人员
9. come to an end 结束 22. hundreds of 成百上千的
10. fall down 倒塌 23. nothing but 只有；仅仅
11. cut across 穿过；贯穿；抄近路 24. dig out 挖出
12. as usual 和往常一样 25. the number of …… 的数量
13. sweep away 消灭；彻底消除一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．I often recall the happy days we spent together during our summer holiday.
2．The scientist spent years alone in the forest, (survive) only by eating wild fruits.
3．Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national (emerge).
4．The government has taken (effect) measures to reduce the damage caused by the landslide.
5．The lift suddenly broke down and I (trap) inside.
6．The Internet (affect) our daily life greatly.
7．I am sure that he has the power (finish) the task on time.
8．Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library was newly open.
9．I remember seeing a family (rescue) by the team.
10．There were loud (crash) of glass breaking and things falling to the ground, but the students
remained still and waited calmly and quietly.
11．The athlete was out of (breathe) after finishing the marathon.
12．When he gets anxious, he often breathes deeply to calm (he) down.
13．On 26 December 2004, a tsunami caused by the (powerful) earthquake in the past 40 years
crashed into coastlines across Asia.
14．His failure in the match was a (shock) piece of news for his fans.
15．The book serves as a bridge between ancient (wise) and modern science.
16．Through all the (effort), the city began to breathe again.
17． (wise) is knowing what to do next.
18．The old man feared what would happen after his (die)
19． (strike) by the beauty of Mount Tai, we decided to stay another day.
20．Huge (wave) were breaking on the shore.
21．Though he has been power for two years, he hasn't found an effective solution to the country's
economic problems.
22．I don’t know whether they are supplied enough food in the area.
23．The kind of trees is under threat and ten percent (destroy)in huge wildfires last summer.
24．All the (suffer) will pass and we should be positive about future.
25．Nowadays family members are often found (bury) in their own smartphones.
26．They are repairing the houses which (damage) in the flood.
27．In the UK, too many people in charge still insist on somehow (revive) traditional shops.
答案第2页，共2页28．Traditional culture has a great on us, so in my opinion, some measures should be taken
to protect it . (effect)
29．The Internet has now become the first place the majority of people turn to for information.
30．Bitter memories came (flood) back when he drove by the bridge.
1．that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我经常回忆起我们暑假一起度过的日子。此处引导定语从句，先行词为
the happy days，指物，在从句中作spent的宾语，故应用that/which引导定语从句，故填that/which。
2．surviving
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家子森林里独自待了几年，靠吃野果子为生。此处作状语，
survive与主语the scientist之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语，故填surviving。
3．emergency
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们这一代人曾在国家紧急时刻携手并肩，坚定立场。根据空格前的形容词
national可知，形容词应该修饰名词，所以空格处用提示词的形容词形式emergency作介词of的宾语，表
示“紧急时刻”。故填emergency。
4．effective
【详解】考查形容词。句意：政府已采取有效措施减少滑坡造成的损失。根据空格后的名词measures可
知，此处用提示词的形容词形式effective作定语，表示“有效的”措施。故填effective。
5．was trapped
【详解】考查动词的时态语态。句意：电梯突然出了故障，我被困在了里面。空处是第二个句子的谓语
动词，根据第一句的谓语动词broke down可知，事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，且动词trap“困住，
使陷入困境”和主语I之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为I，be动词用was。故填
was trapped。
6．affects
【详解】考查时态。句意：网络极大地影响着我们的日常生活。此处作谓语动词，主语为The Internet，
与affect之间为主动关系，且此处陈述客观事实，故应用一般现在时，故填affects。
7．to finish
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：我确信他有按时完成任务的能力。这里考查非谓语，由句意可知，此空应
填不定式作后置定语，修饰前面名词power。故填to finish。
8．which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我给你看看我从新开的图书管里借的小说。此处引导定语从句，先行词
为the library，指物，在定语从句中充当主语，且前文已经有了that引导的定语从句修饰the novel，故此
处用which引导，故填which。9．rescued
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我记得看到一家人被救援队救了。a family与rescue之间是逻辑上的动
宾关系，表示被动，设空处应填过去分词做宾补，rescue过去分词为rescued。故填rescued。
10．crashes
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：玻璃破碎的声音很响，东西掉在地上，但学生们仍然静静地等待着。
分析句子结构可知，形容词修饰名词，由谓语动词were可知，用复数，故填crashes。
11．breath
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：运动员跑完马拉松后上气不接下气。此处使用名词breath，固定搭配out
of breath“喘不过气来，上气不接下气”。故填breath。
12．himself
【详解】考查代词。句意：当他焦虑时，他经常深呼吸使自己平静下来。固定搭配calm oneself down“冷
静下来”，根据主语he可知，此处使用代词himself“他自己”作宾语。故填himself。
13．most powerful
【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：2004年12月26日，一场由40年来最强烈的地震引起的海啸席卷了
整个亚洲的海岸线。根据earthquake in the past 40 years可知，此处表达“最强烈的”，应用形容词最高级
most powerful。故填most powerful。
14．shocking
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他在比赛中的失败对他的球迷来说是一个令人震惊的消息。此处使用形容
词shocking“令人震惊的”，作前置定语，修饰piece of news。故填shocking。
15．wisdom
【详解】考查名词。句意：这本书是古代智慧和现代科学之间的一座桥梁。提示词作介词宾语，与
modern science并列，用名词wisdom，意为“智慧”，不可数名词。故填wisdom。
16．efforts
【详解】考查名词。句意：经过所有的努力，这座城市又开始复苏了。effort为名词“努力”，该名词可
数。根据空前的all可知，空处需要该名词的复数形式。故填efforts。
17．Wisdom
【详解】考查名词。句意：智慧就是知道接下来该做什么。空处需要名词作主语。wise的名词形式为
wisdom“智慧”。该名词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Wisdom。
18．death
【详解】考查名词。句意：老人担心死后会发生什么事。此处使用名词death“死亡”，作after的宾语。
答案第4页，共2页故填death。
19．Struck
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被泰山的美景所震撼，我们决定多待一天。空处需要非谓语动词作状
语。该动词和其逻辑主语we之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。该词位于句首，首字母大写。故
填Struck。
20．waves
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：巨浪拍击着海岸。根据空后的were可知，此处使用名词wave“海浪”的
复数形式，作主语。故填waves。
21．in
【详解】考查介词。句意：尽管他已经掌权两年了，但他还没有找到解决国家经济问题的有效办法。“in
power”是一个固定搭配，意为“执政；掌权”，此处为介词短语作表语。故填in。
22．with
【详解】考查介词。句意：我不知道该地区是否为他们提供了足够的食物。固定搭配supply sb with sth，
表“为某人提供某物”，其被动形式为be supplied with。故填with。
23．were destroyed
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这种树木正受到威胁，去年夏天在大规模野火中有百分之十被摧毁。and
连接两个并列的句子，空处为后一句话的谓语。根据时间状语“last summer”可知，本句话为一般过去时
态。主语和该动词之间为被动关系，所以用一般过去时态的被动语态，主语为复数。故填were
destroyed。
24．suffering(s)
【详解】考查名词。句意：所有的痛苦都会过去，我们应该对未来持积极态度。作主语，应用名词
suffering，可用单数可用复数。故填sufferings/suffering。
25．buried
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，家庭成员常常发现自己沉迷于各自的智能手机中。“be buried
in”这是一个固定搭配，表示“专心于，沉浸在……之中”，空处需要非谓语动词作主语补足语，所以去
掉be，剩下过去分词作主补。故填buried。
26．were damaged
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：他们正在修理在洪水中受损的房屋。空处为定语从句的谓语动词。which
指代先行词the houses，在定语从句中主语，所以定语从句的主语和该动词之间为被动关系。从句描述过
去的事实，用一般过去时态。故填were damaged。
27．reviving
【详解】考查动名词。句意：在英国，太多的负责人仍然坚持以某种方式复兴传统商店。根据空格前的insist on可知，此处用提示词的动名词形式作宾语构成insist on doing sth表示“坚持做某事”。故填
reviving。
28． effect effective effectively
【详解】考查名词、形容词和副词。句意：传统文化对我们有很大的影响，所以在我看来，应该采取一
些有效的措施来有效地保护它。第一空作has的宾语，应用名词effect，意为“影响”，且空前有a，
effect应用单数形式，短语have a great effect on意为“对……有很大的影响”；第二空作修饰measures的
定语，形容词effective符合题意，意为“有效的”；第三空作修饰protect的状语，副词effectively符合题
意，意为“有效地”。故填①effect；②effective；③effectively。
29．that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：互联网现在已经成为大多数人获取信息的首选之地。空处引导定语从句，
先行词是place，关系词在从句中作宾语，且先行词前有序数词修饰，应用关系代词that，故填that。
30．flooding
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他开车经过那座桥时，痛苦的回忆涌上心头。分析句子结构可知
flood应用非谓语动词形式，且memories和flood之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填flooding。
二、单词拼写
31．Because of the earthquake, the electricity (供应) was cut off.
32．Eating too much roast food makes it more likely for us to (遭受)from heat inside our bodies.
33．Although smoking (影响) people’s health, China has the largest number of people that are
smoking.
34．Heavy rainfalls (淹没) the village.
35．The fire badly (破坏，损害) the town hall.
36．After the accident, only two passengers (幸存).
37．I find it difficult to write a (概要) of about 60 words in length.
38．The driver lost control of the car by accident and (碰撞) into a tree.
39．The crazy fans (吹口哨) as their favourite player came into the field.
40．They set out to (拯救) three young climbers.
31．supply
【详解】考查名词。句意：由于地震，电力供应被切断了。根据汉语提示可知应用名词supply，作主语。
故填supply。
32．suffer
【详解】考查动词。句意：吃太多的烤食品会使我们更容易受到体内热量的影响。根据句意和中文提示
答案第6页，共2页可知，表示“遭受”应用suffer，为动词，与前面to构成不定式，在本句中作逻辑宾语。故填suffer。
33．affects/influences/impacts
【详解】考查动词。句意：虽然吸烟影响人们的健康，但中国是吸烟人数最多的国家。此处应填动词，
根据词义“影响”可知，为affect或influence或impact，从句描述的事实情况，使用一般现在时，动名词
smoking作主语，谓语动词用单数，故填affects或influences或impacts。
34．flooded
【详解】考查时态。句意：大雨淹没了村庄。事情已发生，谓语动词flood (淹没)时态用一般过去时。故
填flooded。
35．damaged
【详解】考查动词。句意：大火严重烧毁了市政厅。此处为谓语动词，表示“损坏”应为damage，事情
已发生，时态用一般过去时。故填damaged。
36．survived
【详解】考查时态。句意：事故发生后，只有两名乘客幸存。事情已发生，谓语动词survive (幸存)用一
般过去时。故填survived。
37．summary
【详解】考查名词。句意：我发现很难写一个大约60字左右的摘要。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要名词
summary“概要，总结”，在句中作宾语。根据空前的a可知，空处的名词用单数。故填summary。
38．crashed
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：司机意外地失去了对汽车的控制，撞到了一棵树上。根据汉语提示可
知，表示“碰撞”可用动词crash，再根据上文的lost可知，本句的时态为一般过去时，所以此处用动词
的过去式形式。故填crashed。
39．whistled
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：疯狂的球迷们在他们最喜欢的球员上场时吹起了口哨。“吹口哨”作
主句谓语，用动词whistle，与主语The crazy fans之间是主动关系，结合从句时间时态可知，讲述过去的
事情用一般过去时态。故填whistled。
40．rescue/save
【详解】考查动词。句意：他们出发去救三个年轻的登山者。表示“拯救”应用动词rescue或save。set
out to do意为“出发做某事”，此处应用to do不定式。故填rescue/save。
高考能力提升
三、阅读理解
There is a strong smell that comes off Ratna Raju’s farm in the southeastern Andhra Pradesh state of India.
The smell comes from a mixture of natural materials, like cow waste and untreated sugar. The natural materialshelp grow and protect crops in an area often hit by extreme weather and heat.
Farmers like Raju say natural materials protect their crops from climate change because the soil can hold
more water. And they stress the crops’ stronger roots help plants deal with strong winds. Supporters say natural
farming is successful in the state because of government support. Now, these methods should be spread across
India’s agricultural lands. Without government support for natural farming, most Indian farmers still use farm
chemicals and fertilizers. That puts them at risk when extreme weather hits. Many farmers are calling for greater
state investment to help them deal with climate change.
Last December, a storm brought heavy rainfall across India’s southeastern coast. It flooded towns and
fields. Early studies showed more than 240,000 hectares of crops were destroyed in Andhra Pradesh state.
Raju said the rainwater on their farms flowed into the ground in one day. The soil can take in more water
because it is less solid than soil with farm chemicals. Soil with farm chemicals is dry. He added that planting
different crops throughout the year helped keep the soil healthy. However, Raju’s neighbor, Srikanth Kanapala,
said his farm was flooded for four days after the storm. Kanapala often uses farm chemicals and fertilizers on his
farm. And he said seeing Raju’s crops held strong while his crops failed made him want to learn about other
farming methods.
Kanapala expected a potential financial hemorrhage of up to $600 as a consequence of the storm, a sum
that constituted a significant economic burden for a farmer in India. “For the next planting season, I plan to learn
from other farmers to give up farm chemicals,” he said.
41．What drives the expansion of natural farming in India?
A．The limited farms. B．The climate impact on crops.
C．The increased use of chemicals. D．The reduction of fertilizers.
42．What can be inferred about farm chemicals from paragraph 4?
A．They help crops grow strong roots.
B．They enhance soil’s water absorption.
C．They ensure soil remains consistently wet.
D．They make crops less resistant to the storm.
43．What does the underlined word “hemorrhage” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Loss. B．Increase. C．Benefit. D．Aid.
44．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Chemicals: Harming Indian Farms
答案第8页，共2页B．Storms: a Threat to Indian Farmers
C．Natural Farming: an Answer to Extreme Weather
D．Indian Agriculture: Facing the Effect of Climate Change
If the crust (外壳) of the earth were not pretty solid (坚固的), it would be shaking about and moving up
and down frequently. However, there are places in the rocks of the earth’s crust where it isn’t strongly held
together — where faults exist. Along the faults, one rock might push against another with great force. The energy
is changed to vibration in the rocks, so they begin to shake and we have an earthquake!
The most famous one in North America was the San Francisco Earthquake of 1906. Seven hundred people
died and property (财产) damage amounted to about $425,000,000. The greatest destruction came from the fires
that followed the quake.
One of the most famous earthquakes in Europe took place in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1755. The city was
destroyed and at least thirty thousand people were killed. In 1908, in Calabria and Sicily, a quake killed about
seventy-five thousand people. In 1915, in central Italy, hundreds of towns and villages were damaged and thirty
thousand people were killed.
Two great earthquakes that caused great damage in Asia took place in Tokyo, Japan, and in Gansu Province
in China. The Tokyo quake of 1923 killed more than one hundred thousand people and destroyed the city and the
city of Yokohama, too. The Chinese quake in 1920 covered more than three hundred square miles and killed about
two hundred thousand people.
45．The underlined word “vibration” in the first paragraph probably means “________”.
A．shaking B．force C．energy D．losing
46．Which of the following is the correct order of the years when the earthquakes happened?
①the San Francisco Earthquake ②the earthquake in Lisbon, Portugal
③the earthquake in Calabria and Sicily ④the earthquake in central Italy
⑤the earthquake in Gansu Province ⑥the Tokyo quake
A．③④⑤⑥②① B．⑤⑥②①③④ C．②①③④⑤⑥ D．①③④②⑤⑥
47．According to the passage, the earthquake that killed the most people happened in ________.
A．Portugal B．Italy C．Japan D．China
48．We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．the earth’s crust in Europe is weaker than that in other places
B．the fires following the San Francisco Earthquake caused more damage than the earthquake did
C．there were 75,000 people killed in the San Francisco earthquakeD．the city of Yokohama was not greatly influenced by the Tokyo quake
41．B 42．D 43．A 44．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自然农业中的一种天然材料可以保护农民的作物免受气候变
化的影响。
41．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Farmers like Raju say natural materials protect their crops from climate
change because the soil can hold more water. And they stress the crops’ stronger roots help plants deal with strong
winds. Supporters say natural farming is successful in the state because of government support. Now, these
methods should be spread across India’s agricultural lands.(像拉朱这样的农民说，天然材料可以保护他们的作
物免受气候变化的影响，因为土壤可以容纳更多的水。他们还强调，作物结实的根系有助于植物应对强
风。支持者表示，由于政府的支持，自然农业在该州取得了成功。)”可知，气候对农作物的影响推动了印
度自然农业的发展。故选B项。
42．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Soil with farm chemicals is dry. He added that planting different crops
throughout the year helped keep the soil healthy. However, Raju’s neighbor, Srikanth Kanapala, said his farm was
flooded for four days after the storm. Kanapala often uses farm chemicals and fertilizers on his farm.(施用农药的
土壤是干燥的。他补充说，全年种植不同的作物有助于保持土壤健康。然而，Raju的邻居Srikanth
Kanapala说，风暴过后，他的农场被洪水淹没了四天。Kanapala经常在他的农场使用农药和化肥。)”可知，
农药会使作物对暴风雨的抵抗力降低。故选D项。
43．词句猜测题。划线词句后文“a sum that constituted a significant economic burden for a farmer in India(对
印度的一个农民来说，这是一笔巨大的经济负担。)”说明农民的经济损失巨大，从而推知划线词句
“Kanapala expected a potential financial hemorrhage of up to $600 as a consequence of the storm(Kanapala预
计，这场风暴可能造成高达600美元的经济hemorrhage)”其中划线词应为“损失”的意思，与A项同义。
故选A项。
44．主旨大意题。根据第一段“There is a strong smell that comes off Ratna Raju’s farm in the southeastern
Andhra Pradesh state of India. The smell comes from a mixture of natural materials, like cow waste and untreated
sugar. The natural materials help grow and protect crops in an area often hit by extreme weather and heat.(在印度
东南部安得拉邦， Ratna Raju的农场散发出一股强烈的气味。这种气味来自天然物质的混合物，比如牛
粪和未经处理的糖。这种天然材料有助于在一个经常遭受极端天气和高温袭击的地区种植和保护作物。)”
可知，本文主要介绍了自然农业中的一种天然材料可以保护农民的作物免受气候变化的影响。C项“自然
农业：应对极端天气”能概括文章主旨，为最佳标题。故选C项。
答案第10页，共2页45．A 46．C 47．D 48．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了地震是怎么发生的，以及国内外发生的地震。
45．词句猜测题。根据第一段“However, there are places in the rocks of the earth’s crust where it isn’t
strongly held together — where faults exist. Along the faults, one rock might push against another with great
force. The energy is changed to vibration in the rocks, so they begin to shake and we have an earthquake!(然而，
地壳岩石中有一些地方没有牢固地结合在一起——那里存在断层。沿着断层，一块岩石可能会用力推压
另一块岩石。能量在岩石中转化为vibration，所以它们开始摇晃，我们发生了地震！)”可知，岩石推压另
一块岩石，产生的能量会转化为震动，所以岩石开始摇晃，推测划线单词表示“震动，颤抖”，与
shaking意义相近。故选A。
46．细节理解题。根据第二段“The most famous one in North America was the San Francisco Earthquake of
1906.(北美最著名的地震是1906年旧金山大地震)”、“One of the most famous earthquakes in Europe took
place in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1755.(1755年，葡萄牙里斯本发生了欧洲最著名的地震之一)”、“In 1908, in
Calabria and Sicily, a quake killed about seventy-five thousand people. In 1915, in central Italy, hundreds of towns
and villages were damaged and thirty thousand people were killed.(1908年，在卡拉布里亚和西西里岛，一场
地震造成约7.5万人死亡。1915年，在意大利中部，数百个城镇和村庄遭到破坏，3万人死亡)”以及第三
段“Two great earthquakes that caused great damage in Asia took place in Tokyo, Japan, and in Gansu Province
in China. The Tokyo quake of 1923 killed more than one hundred thousand people and destroyed the city and the
city of Yokohama, too. The Chinese quake in 1920 covered more than three hundred square miles and killed about
two hundred thousand people.(日本东京和中国甘肃省发生了两次在亚洲造成巨大破坏的大地震。1923年的
东京地震造成10多万人死亡，并摧毁了这座城市和横滨市。1920年的中国地震覆盖了300多平方英里，
造成约20万人死亡)”可知，旧金山地震发生在1906年，葡萄牙里斯本地震发生在1755年，卡拉布里亚
和西西里岛地震发生在1908年，意大利中部地震发生在1915年，甘肃地震发生在1920年，东京地震发
生在1923年，按照地震发生年份排序为②①③④⑤⑥。故选C。
47．细节理解题。根据第二段“One of the most famous earthquakes in Europe took place in Lisbon, Portugal,
in 1755. The city was destroyed and at least thirty thousand people were killed. In 1908, in Calabria and Sicily, a
quake killed about seventy-five thousand people. In 1915, in central Italy, hundreds of towns and villages were
damaged and thirty thousand people were killed.(1755年，葡萄牙里斯本发生了欧洲最著名的地震之一。这
座城市被摧毁，至少有三万人死亡。1908年，在卡拉布里亚和西西里岛，一场地震造成约7.5万人死亡。
1915年，在意大利中部，数百个城镇和村庄遭到破坏，3万人死亡)”以及第三段“Two great earthquakes
that caused great damage in Asia took place in Tokyo, Japan, and in Gansu Province in China. The Tokyo quake of1923 killed more than one hundred thousand people and destroyed the city and the city of Yokohama, too. The
Chinese quake in 1920 covered more than three hundred square miles and killed about two hundred thousand
people.(日本东京和中国甘肃省发生了两次在亚洲造成巨大破坏的大地震。1923年的东京地震造成10多万
人死亡，并摧毁了这座城市和横滨市。1920年的中国地震覆盖了300多平方英里，造成约20万人死亡)”
可知，造成最多人死亡的地震发生在中国甘肃。故选D。
48．细节理解题。根据第二段“The most famous one in North America was the San Francisco Earthquake of
1906. Seven hundred people died and property (财产) damage amounted to about $425,000,000. The greatest
destruction came from the fires that followed the quake.(北美最著名的地震是1906年旧金山大地震。700人死
亡，财产损失约4.25亿美元。地震后的大火造成了最大的破坏)”可知，旧金山地震后的大火造成的损失
比地震造成的损失更大。故选B。
四、完形填空
Thomas became a hero at 61. One night, his family had already gone to 49 . In the house next to
Thomas’ lived a mom, a little boy and a little girl. The mom had been preparing dinner. Feeling 50 , she
forgot about the food and fell asleep on a sofa. When she 51 , the house was full of fire and smoke.
52 the girl and her mom ran out, but the boy was left inside. The mom 53 knocking on
Thomas’ door. He got up quickly and went to answer the door. The woman 54 and asked Thomas to help
her son, who was in the 55 . Thomas told his wife to call 911, and quickly went to 56 .
Thomas 57 rushed into the house to save the boy. He was crawling (爬行) on his 58 and
knees, trying to find the boy. It was 59 with no electricity, and the wood panels were burning and
making his hands blister (起水疱). At this point, he didn’t care; his 60 was to save the boy. Finally, he
found the boy 61 in the hallway unconscious (昏迷的). He picked up the boy and ran out. When they
finally got outside, Thomas performed CPR on the boy and made him come back to life.
Thomas was later 62 the Government Award for his bravery. He was also awarded the Carnegie
Medal for his act of heroism. Thomas’s story is a great example of someone being 63 .
49．A．hospital B．work C．church D．bed
50．A．annoyed B．disappointed C．frightened D．tired
51．A．came over B．walked around C．woke up D．looked down
52．A．Luckily B．Accidentally C．Gradually D．Actually
53．A．stopped B．kept C．forgot D．enjoyed
答案第12页，共2页54．A．waved B．argued C．cried D．promised
55．A．water B．fire C．kitchen D．library
56．A．paint B．sleep C．help D．play
57．A．hesitantly B．lately C．sadly D．bravely
58．A．hands B．eyes C．ears D．feet
59．A．strange B．new C．dark D．clean
60．A．focus B．dream C．plan D．ambition
61．A．reading B．lying C．drinking D．sitting
62．A．recorded B．calmed C．awarded D．prized
63．A．normal B．useless C．important D．selfless
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Strange things appeared before the Tangshan earthquake happened. For three days the water in the village
wells 64 (rise) and fell. The well walls had deep cracks in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks.
Some animals including fish, 65 (mouse) behaved strangely. Other strange things also happened in the
city, 66 people thought little of these events and they slept as usual.
Finally 67 terrible earthquake hit the city of Tangshan on July 28, 1976, in which more than
240,000 people died and many 68 (injure). Many houses fell down and sand filled the wells instead of
water. People were greatly shocked. All the electricity in the city was cut off and people began to wonder how
long the disaster would last. The whole city was completely destroyed and the world seemed to be at an end. It
was one of the most 69 (destroy) earthquakes ever, which shocked the whole nation.
However, the people of Tangshan didn’t lose hope because 150,000 soldiers were sent 70 (help)
the rescue workers. The soldiers tried their best to dig out those 71 were trapped. They also built
shelters for the 72 (survive). Fresh water was taken to the city by every means. 73 (slow),
the city began to come back to life.
49．D 50．D 51．C 52．A 53．B 54．C 55．B 56．C 57．D 58．A
59．C 60．A 61．B 62．C 63．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了61岁的Thomas不顾个人安慰，勇敢营救火灾中的小男孩的故事。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，他的家人已经上床睡觉了。A. hospital医院；B. work工作；
C. church教堂；D. bed床。根据前文“One night”和后文“He got up quickly and went to answer the door.”可
知，晚上他已经上床睡觉，后来被叫醒，立马起床。故选D项。50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她觉得很累，就忘了食物，在沙发上睡着了。A. annoyed恼怒的；B.
disappointed失望的；C. frightened害怕的；D. tired疲劳的。根据后文“she forgot about the food and fell
asleep on a sofa”可知，她很累，在沙发上睡着了。故选D项。
51．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当她醒来时，屋子里充满了火和烟。A. came over过来；B. walked
around四处走动；C. woke up醒来；D. looked down往下看。根据前文“fell asleep on a sofa”和后文“the
house was full of fire and smoke”可知，她醒来发现屋子着火了。故选C项。
52．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，女孩和她妈妈跑了出去，但男孩被留在了里面。A. Luckily幸
运地；B. Accidentally偶然地；C. Gradually逐渐地；D. Actually事实上。根据后文“the girl and her mom
ran out”可知，着火了，女孩和妈妈跑出去了，这是幸运的。故选A项。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那位妈妈不停地敲Thomas的门。A. stopped停止；B. kept保持，继续；
C. forgot忘记；D. enjoyed欣赏。根据上文“the house was full of fire and smoke”、“but the boy was left
inside”和后文“asked Thomas to help her son”可知，因为房子着火但是还有孩子留在屋内，因此那位妈妈
一直敲Thomas的门，向他求助。故选B项。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个女人哭着请求Thomas帮助她在火里的儿子。A. waved挥动；B.
argued争论；C. cried哭喊；D. promised承诺。根据前文“but the boy was left inside”可知，男孩还在火中，
妈妈哭喊着请人去营救。故选C项。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. water水；B. fire火；C. kitchen厨房；D. library图书馆。根据语
境和前文“but the boy was left inside”可知，男孩还在火中。故选B项。
56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Thomas告诉他的妻子打911，并迅速去帮忙。A. paint用染料画；B. sleep
睡觉；C. help帮助；D. play玩。根据前文“asked Thomas to help her son”和后文“Thomas ___9___ rushed
into the house to save the boy.”可知，妈妈请求去帮忙，Thomas迅速去帮忙。故选C项。
57．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Thomas勇敢地冲进房子去救那个男孩。A. hesitantly犹豫地；B. lately最
近；C. sadly伤心地；D. bravely勇敢地。根据后文“rushed into the house to save the boy”可知，Thomas冲
进房子去救那个男孩，表现非常勇敢。故选D项。
58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他用手和膝盖爬着，试图找到那个男孩。A. hands手；B. eyes眼；C. ears
耳朵；D. feet脚。根据前文“He was crawling(爬行)”可知，他用手和膝在地上爬行。故选A项。
59．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：屋里很黑，没有电，木板在燃烧，他的手都起了水泡。A. strange奇怪
的；B. new新的；C. dark黑暗的；D. clean干净的。根据后文“with no electricity”可知，没有电，屋里很
黑。故选C项。
60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这一点上，他不在乎；他的重点是救那个男孩。A. focus焦点，重点；
答案第14页，共2页B. dream梦想；C. plan计划；D. ambition雄心。根据前文“At this point, he didn’t care”和后文“to save the
boy”可知，他不在乎自己的处境，重点是救人。故选A项。
61．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，他发现那个男孩躺在走廊里不省人事。A. reading读；B. lying躺；
C. drinking喝；D. sitting坐着。根据后文“in the hallway unconscious(昏迷的)”可知，男孩躺在那里不省人
事。故选B项。
62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Thomas后来因为他的勇敢被授予政府奖。A. recorded记录；B. calmed使
镇静；C. awarded授予；D. prized珍视。根据后文“the Government Award for his bravery”以及“He was
also awarded the Carnegie Medal for his act of heroism.”可知，Thomas因为他的勇敢被授予政府奖。故选C
项。
63．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Thomas的故事是无私的一个很好的例子。A. normal正常的；B. useless
无用的；C. important重要的；D. selfless自私的。根据前文“At this point, he didn’t care; his___12___ was
to save the boy.”可知，Thomas不顾个人安危，勇敢救人，所以说他是无私的。故选D项。
64．rose 65．mice 66．but 67．a 68．were injured 69．destructive 70．to help
71．who 72．survivors 73．Slowly
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章描述了唐山地震发生前的迹象以及地震带来的灾害情况。
64．考查时态。句意：三天来，村里井里的水升升降降。设空处与fell并列作谓语，根据后文fell可知为
一般过去时。故填rose。
65．考查名词的数。句意：包括鱼、老鼠在内的一些动物表现得很奇怪。mouse为可数名词，此处不止一
个应用复数形式mice。故填mice。
66．考查连词。句意：城里还发生了其他奇怪的事情，但人们很少把这些事放在心上，他们像往常一样
睡觉。由语境可知空处前后两个句子之间为转折关系，故用but表示转折。故填but。
67．考查冠词。句意：最后，1976年7月28日，一场可怕的地震袭击了唐山市，24万多人死亡，许多人
受伤。earthquake为泛指，且terrible是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
68．考查时态语态。句意：最后，1976年7月28日，一场可怕的地震袭击了唐山市，24万多人死亡，许
多人受伤。设空处作谓语，主语many (people)与动词injure之间为被动关系，陈述过去事情用一般过去时
态，谓语动词用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为many，谓语用复数。故填were injured。
69．考查形容词。句意：这是有史以来最具破坏性的地震之一，震惊了整个国家。修饰名词earthquakes
应用形容词destructive作定语，故填destructive。
70．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，唐山人民并没有失去希望，因为15万士兵被派去帮助救援人员。短
语be sent to do sth.表示“被派去做某事”。故填to help。71．考查定语从句。句意：士兵们尽力把被困的人挖出来。引导定语从句，先行词those指人，从句缺主
语，应用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。
72．考查名词复数。句意：他们为幸存者建造了避难所。此处应用名词survivor“幸存者”作介词for的宾
语，结合语境，表示泛指，用可数名词的复数形式。故填survivors。
73．考查副词。句意：慢慢地，这座城市开始恢复生机。修饰后文句子应用副词slowly，首字母大写。故
填Slowly。
五、书信写作
74．假定你是李华，请你给某英文报刊“人与自然”专栏写一篇与自然灾害有关的短文。内容包括：
1. 描述自然灾害的现象和后果；
2. 分析自然灾害频发的原因；
3. 发出号召。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
74．One possible version:
As we all know, natural disasters, such as the earthquakes, sandstorms, floods and so on, do much damage
to human. Thus, countless houses are in ruins, numerous fields are destroyed, and millions of people suffer great
economical loss.
There are several reasons for these disasters. The quick population growth has a bad effect on nature, since
it means higher demands for supplies. What’s more, people lack the consciousness of environmental protection,
making them lose the ability to deal with emergencies.
In my opinion, we are supposed to make every effort to keep the balance between human and nature. Only
in this way can we humans survive.
答案第16页，共2页【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生按照要求给某英文报刊“人与自然”专栏写一篇与自然灾
害有关的短文。
【详解】1.词汇积累
因此：thus→ therefore
无数的：countless→ innumerable
很多的：numerous→ a lot of
几个：several→ a few
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：As we all know, natural disasters, such as the earthquakes, sandstorms, floods and so on, do much damage
to human.
拓展句：It is known to all that natural disasters, such as the earthquakes, sandstorms, floods and so on, do much
damage to human.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As we all know, natural disasters, such as the earthquakes, sandstorms, floods and so
on, do much damage to human. （运用了As引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】What’s more, people lack the consciousness of environmental protection, making them lose the
ability to deal with emergencies.（运用了现在分词making作状语）
