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必修第三册 Unit 2 Natural disasters(1)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024·江苏无锡期末)
Extreme heat often brings extreme wildfires ， and this year is no exception ， with
unprecedented heat waves fueling enormous outbreaks of fires in the western United States and
Canada，as well as across the Mediterranean and in Siberia.But paradoxically，the most intense
wildfires can have the opposite effect on temperatures，cooling Earth’s surface both regionally
and globally.
Thick wildfire smoke can temporarily block sunlight near the ground ，causing regional
temperatures to drop by several degrees.Wildfire smoke can also have global cooling effects by
making clouds in the lower atmosphere more reflective or blocking sunlight in the upper
atmosphere，similar to what a volcanic eruption does.
The effect is far too small to counteract humancaused global warming; researchers say it’s
too early to predict what it means for the broader climate system.But with fire seasons growing
more intense around the world and triggering a range of extreme fire weather in North America and
elsewhere，the search for answers is growing increasingly urgent.
Smoke particles act as seeds for water vapor to form clouds that are smaller and reflect more
sunlight.While smoke tends to rain out of clouds fairly quickly，the Australian bushfires raged for
months，pumping more and more cloudbrightening smoke into the atmosphere.“It’s not a big
effect，but when you integrate over the entire Southern Ocean，it adds up，” one of the
researchers says.
While this research highlights the cooling effects of smoke in the lower atmosphere，on
occasion，wildfire smoke can reach even higher altitudes into the stratosphere，the layer that
starts about 10 miles up.There，it can have additional effects on the climate.Smoke reaches the
stratosphere when heat from a powerful wildfire creates an updraft that combines with moisture in
the atmosphere to generate towering thunderclouds.
However，scientists have only recently begun studying these effects.“We might still be in
the infancy of understanding how large and how important the effects of these wildfires are，”
scientists say.
1．What probably causes extreme wildfires to cool the Earth globally?
A．Extreme wildfires can result in volcanic eruption.
B．Wildfire smoke covers sunlight above the ground forever.
C．The smoke blocks less sunlight in the higher atmosphere.D．The clouds in the lower atmosphere reflect more sunlight.
2．What does the underlined word “raged” probably mean in paragraph 4?
A．Spread. B．Stopped. C．Released. D．Strengthened.
3．What can we infer from the text?
A．Scientists need further studies of the effects of wildfires.
B．Extreme wildfires are the consequence of global warming.
C．Wildfire smoke means a lot to the climate system of the Earth.
D．Smoke at higher altitudes has the most impact on cooling Earth.
4．Where does the text probably come from?
A．A science fiction. B．A research report.
C．A geography textbook. D．A science magazine.
B
Some of the most attractive pictures to come out of the Alaska earthquake are the photos that
show slope(斜坡) failures，in which parts of formerly solid hills caved in，tore or let loose.And if
there happened to be a road or building on top of the slopes that failed，the result was horrible.
Slopes can fail without earthquakes，as the result of pouring rain or weathering.But the
shaking caused by a quake—particularly a large one like what occurred near Anchorage on Friday
—can either speed up the process or create entirely new failures that wouldn’t have otherwise
happened.
Several slope failures were documented in the Anchorage area in the hours after the
earthquake Friday，the most interesting of which was on Vine Road southwest of Wasilla.It’s as
if someone came along with a large destroying ball and dropped it on Vine Road，which wrinkled
like a broken egg.
Scientists seemed surprised at how many slope failures occurred as a result of the 7.0-
magnitude(震级) quake.The center of the quake was deep，at 27 miles below the surface—a key
reason why the damage in Anchorage was relatively light.Such an earthquake would be expected to
produce shaking over a large area ， but probably with reasonably modest top ground
accelerations，Friday’s earthquake would certainly be felt，but the surface of Earth wouldn’t
be moving badly enough to produce widespread landslides.
Photos from Alaska show a lot of lateral(横向的) spread，in which the ground tears
open.Whatever is on top of the ground at the place it tears in half is also torn in half afterwards，
like highways or buildings.The buildings surrounding the spread are also at risk of damage because
of the force of the ground spreading out away from the tear.There’s also documentation of block
spread，in which part of the ground breaks off a hill and slides away mostly perfect.
5．What do we know about slope failures?
A．They may cause earthquakes.
B．They usually happen with a road on top.C．They always happen with earthquakes.
D．They may pull parts of the hills apart.
6．What can we infer from paragraph 2?
A．Earthquakes have great effects on slope failures.
B．Most slope failures occur after the pouring rain.
C．Earthquakes result in slope failures immediately.
D．Slope failures occur mainly with large earthquakes.
7．What did the scientists think of the Alaska earthquake Friday?
A．It produced shaking over a large area.
B．It caused fewer slope failures than expected.
C．It wasn’t felt for its deep center.
D．It didn’t produce landslides.
8．In which circumstance can we find the ground slides down a hill almost unbroken?
A．Land slides. B．Slope failures. C．Lateral spread. D．Block spread.
Ⅱ.七选五
Hurricane season can be wild and unpredictable.__1__ Here are some ways you can beef up
your home security in hurricane weather，even if you need to move out.
__2__ That actually does nothing to ensure your safety in the powerful winds.Sticking to
hurricane shelters or plywood(胶合板) is the only way to go when it comes to protecting those
points of entry in hurricane conditions.Buy sheets of plywood，measure your windows and use
brackets(支架) to hold the plywood in place.
Sandbags are very useful.While sandbags won’t be able to help in the extreme storm，many
people will be able to prevent flooding and extensive damage to their belongings by placing
sandbags.__3__ Any storm water that is kept out of your home is storm water that won’t be able
to damage the belongings inside your home，so sandbags are well worth having at your doorways
during a hurricane.
It’s important to prepare the inside of your home for strong winds and rain.But you should
also keep an eye on the outside of your house，too.Trim(修剪) trees，especially dead branches，
to prevent anything else that could fly through a window and cause damage during a
hurricane.__4__
You should also take pictures of expensive items like electronics and keep notes of their serial
numbers.__5__ Also，there are always bad people out right after a storm.If the worst happens and
your home is broken into right after a bad storm，having pictures and detailed notes about what
was in your home prior to the hurricane will make it easier for police to track down stolen items.
A．You should have a camera at home.
B．It can be strong enough to resist the forceful winds.
C．Making sure nothing is loose in your yard is important.D．You may see people taping windows before a hurricane comes.
E．They will be able to effectively keep storm water out in many cases.
F．It will aid with your insurance company if anything needs to be replaced.
G．These dangerous storms can bring damage to your home and belongings.
Ⅲ.完形填空
Hurricane Ian hit Florida and brought with it flooding，winds and a record high storm.
Karen is 84 years old and relies on a wheelchair to __1__ because she is missing a leg.Her son
Johnny tried __2__ to get her to leave，but she refused again and again—she __3__ the intensity
of the storm.
Johnny lives four blocks away.When Karen reported the water in her house had reached her
waist，he knew he had to take __4__.
First，Johnny __5__ his kids were taken care of.He gave them food and opened the attic(阁
楼) so that they could __6__ through the roof if water continued to rise.Then，he jumped out of a
window and began to __7__.
Johnny was racing against the clock.He knew he only had a(n) __8__ period of time to get
there before the water rose above Karen’s __9__.It took him 40 minutes to swim four blocks.The
sound of Karen yelling was __10__ to his ears! She was still alive!
Everyone in Johnny’s family is now __11__ although they’ve lost everything they
owned.But they’re __12__ just to be here.
“I didn’t lose __13__.Life is like a computer，there’re two __14__：a reset and a power
—and we are blessed that it was just a reset button，not the power，that got __15__，” he said.
1．A.get around B．help out C．sit up D．work out
2．A.simply B．repeatedly C．obviously D．particularly
3．A.calculated B．identified C．experienced D．underestimated
4．A.care B．place C．action D．charge
5．A.proved B．ensured C．noticed D．admitted
6．A.expand B．assist C．escape D．dominate
7．A.run B．ride C．drive D．swim
8．A.short B．efficient C．ideal D．indefinite
9．A.waist B．ankles C．head D．knees
10．A.harm B．music C．advice D．news
11．A.responsible B．remarkable C．innocent D．safe
12．A.grateful B．sure C．concerned D．surprised
13．A.memory B．hope C．sight D．weight
14．A.screens B．keyboards C．buttons D．monitors
15．A.prepared B．separated C．injured D．hit
Ⅳ.语法填空Located in Guangxi，Chengyang Wind and Rain Bridge is a famous and special bridge in
China.A wind and rain bridge is a roofcovered bridge equipped with benches and pavilions(亭子)
1.____________(shape) like palaces.It can shelter people from the wind and rain and allow them
2.____________(meet) and rest.
The Chengyang Wind and Rain Bridge,3.____________ design makes it an outstanding
example of its type，has three floor levels,4.____________(contain) five pavilions and a platform
at either end.The bridge is supported by stone piers(石墩)．It’s over 60 meters long,3 meters
wide and the 5.____________(high) above the river is about 10 meters.The upper structure is
carefully designed with towers standing on each stone pier.It’s made almost
6.____________(entire) of wood and the long and wide roof is covered with beautiful materials.
The bridge，also known as Chengyang Yongji Bridge,7.____________(construct) by the
talented local workmen in 8.____________ early 1900s to link local villages across the river.The
workmen enabled the many wooden pieces to be joined closely together without using nails.And
they’d decorated the very 9.____________(value) bridge with brightlycolored lifelike carvings
10.____________ paintings.
Ⅴ.应用文微写作
你校英语报正在举办题为“How to Relax in Spare Time”的英语作文比赛。请你写一篇
短文参赛，内容包括：
1．常见的课余放松方式；
2．你的课余放松方式及其对你的影响。
范文补全
How to Relax in Spare Time
It’s known to all that as students at high school,1._______________________________(我
们的压力很大)．So we should choose some ways to get the best out of relaxing in our spare
time.Some common ways include exercise ， meditation and
reading,2._____________________(它们有助于之后更好地工作)．
As for me,3.____________________________________(我最喜爱的放松方式是听音乐)．
Surprisingly，when I am lost in the music，I feel a sense of pleasure and peace.Music does
stimulate my thinking ability and refresh my memory.4.________________________________(因
此，我能学得更高效更有信心)．
