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第 06 讲 介词
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航····························································································································2
02 知识导图·思维引航····························································································································3
03 考点突破·考法探究····························································································································4
【基础详单】
知识点1 介词概述、命题及解题方向······················································································4
知识点2 介词的句法功能···········································································································4
考点一 介词的基本用法
知识点1 介词形式的分类································································································5
知识点2 常用介词辨析·····································································································6
知识点3 重难易错常考其它介词·················································································10
考点二 介词和其它词类的搭配
知识点1 介词和名词的搭配·······································································································11
知识点2 介词和形容词的搭配··································································································12
知识点3 介词和其它词类的搭配······························································································14
04真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 ·································································································································15
2.命题演练 ·································································································································15
题型 年份 卷别 考点统计 考情分析
语法 新课标I卷 stands _63 .as 分析近年高考真题可知，介
2024
填空 新课标II卷 similar ... 5 9 . _ to 词三年仅在语法填空和短文改错全国甲卷 for ; straight后加 to（改错）
新课标I卷 60.by hand
新课标II卷 speak English 58.with
from 6 1 . to ; 删除with（改
全国乙卷
2023 错）
全国甲卷 68 . for ； 删除of（改错）
浙江1月 63.as capital ；
上海春招 28.as_an entrepreneur
新课标I卷 serve as . 64_
、 中就考查 18 处，可见其命题热
短文 was named officially 61 . by
全国乙卷 度。高考命题不局限于考查单个
改错
全国甲卷 69 . from Xi’an to Kashgar 介词，而是更加注重对介词基本
用法和固定搭配中的介词的考
浙江6月 42 . at age seven
2022
查。
北京卷 11 . _ in the evening
必考点：
1. 介词的基本意思和用法；
上海春招 26 . _against 2. 介词和其它词类搭配搭配；
复习目标：
1. 熟练掌握介词及介【基础详单】
知识点1 介词概述
介词是一种虚词。表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的词。介词在句中单独作成分，后面一般有名词、
代词或相当于名词的其他词、短语或从句作它的宾语。在句中充当定语、状语、表语或补语，表示人或事
物之间的关系。
命题方向：介词是语法填空的必考点和难点，学生应该熟练掌握：
1. 常见介词及短语的基本用法
2. 介词与动词、名词、形容词等的固定搭配。
3. 在复杂语境中考查介词或短语的简单意义和用法。【2024·新高考I卷stand as】
解题方向
1 . 如果名词或者代词在句子中不作主语、表语或者动词的宾语时 , 其前面一般是填介词。
2 . 高考通常考查介词与动词、形容词或者名词的搭配。
3. 做题时应该先 分析句子结构并根据上下文 句意推断出设空处的具体意思，然后根据熟记的短语 或介词本
身的意思 来确定要填的词。
知识点2 介词短语的句法功能
介词短语 示例
【2024·新高考 I 卷 D 篇】In the race to document the species on Earth before they go
extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.
作定语 在记录地球物种灭绝前的竞赛中，研究人员和公民科学家已经收集了数十亿份记录。
（作后置定语，修饰species）
【2024·全国甲卷完形填空】She did not have a chance to go to school.
We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）
He goes to work by bus every day.(方式状语)
They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）
What do you mean by doing such a thing?（表方法）
Nothing in the world could live without air or water.（表条件）
作状语 【2024·新高考 I卷七选五】For well over a hundred years the most influential English
dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.
一百多年来，最有影响力的英语词典是塞缪尔·约翰逊于1755年出版的词典。（表时
间）My glasses are on the desk. 我的眼镜在课桌上放着。
作表语
A few apples remain on the tree.树上还留有机关苹果。
I found the old building in a bad condition.我发现那栋旧建筑状况很差。
作补足语
They must keep their hands behind their backs.他们必须把手放在背后。
考点一 介词的基本用法
知识点1 介词形式的分类
时间介词：at, about, after, before, during, by, from, for, in, on,, until, since
方位介词：at, in, on, to, beneath, over, under, above, below, in front of / in the front of / behind,
between / among, over/across/through
原因介词：at, with, because of, for, owing to, on account of
方式介词：with, in, by
其它介词：about关于, on关于, of ......的, with与......一起，用， without没有, like像, except除了, besides
除了......之外还有, instead of而不是, but除了，from自从，despite, in spite of, regardless of等。
易错提醒：
1.当表示时间的词前有this, that时，其前面不用介词，如：this morning
2.当表示时间的词前有next时，其前面不用介词，如: next Sunday
3.当表示时间的词前有last时，其前面不用介词，如：last Sunday
4.当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时，其前面不用介词，如：You can come any day.
典例1.（2024年新高考 I卷阅读理解 C篇）The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when
experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to
ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
典例 1.（2024 年新高考 I 卷阅读理解 D 篇）With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make
observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,”
知识点2 常用介词辨析
1. 表示“时间”的介词at, on , in
at表示时刻、时间的某一点；at noon, at 7 o’clock, at dawn, at daybreak, at sunrise, at Christmas
on表示具体的某一天，某一天的上、下午或晚上；on October 1st, on a rainy day, on National Day
in表示月、季节、年，泛指上午、下午、晚上（在一段时间内）; in Ming Dynasty, in September, in
the morning
before表示“在……之前”；after表示“在……之后”。
I will be back before lunch.午饭之前我赶回来。
The nights start after half past five in winter.冬天的夜晚在5点半之后开始。
by, until/till, by, until
by表示“在……之前，截止到……”；
until/till表示“直到……为止”；
by表示到什么时候为止动作已经完成;
until表示动作持续到什么时候，在终止性动词的否定式中，二者通用。
Can you repair my bike by Friday?你能在星期五之前修好我的自行车吗？
You can stay on the bus until London.你可以不用下车，一直坐到伦敦。
We didn’t begin to watch TV until/till 7:00.直到7点我们才开始看电视。
The work won’t be finished by/until tomorrow.这项工作明天才能完成。
for, during, through
for表示“达……之久”，指经过多长时间，常和完成时连用；
during表示“在……期间或某项活动中”；
through表示“一直……”，指从开始到结束。
They have lived here for five years.他们已经在这里生活了5年。
She learned Japanese during her stay in Shanghai.她在上海逗留期间学会了日语。
They played cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。
from, since
from表示“从……起”；
since表示“自从……以来（表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续）”
The meeting will be held from seven to nine.这个会议将从7点开到9点。
I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。
I have been studying medicine since 2021.自从2021年以来我一直在学习医学。
in, within
in表示“在……后（未来时间）”；
within表示“不超过……的范围”。
He will be back in three hours.他3小时后回来。
You must finish the test within an hour.你必须在一小时之内完成这项测试。
2. 表示动向和位置的介词at, in,
at表示“在某地（较狭窄的场所）”；
in表示“在某地（较宽敞的场所）”。
at home在家
at a factory在一家工厂
in Beijing在北京
in the world在世界上
on, above, over和below, under, beneath
on表示“在……上面（有接触面）”；above表示“在……上方”；over表示“在……正上方”；
under表示“在……正下方”；below表示“在……下方”。
on the wall在墙上
above the clouds在云端
over the sea在海上
under the chair在椅子下
below the surface of the water在水面下
by, near
by表示“在……旁边”；
near表示“在……附近”。
by me在我旁边
near the house在房子附近
between, among, around
between表示“在两者之间”；
among表示“在三者（以上）之中”；
around表示“环绕（四周）”。
between A and B在A和B之间
among the trees在树林中
around the table围在桌边
in front of, opposite, behind
in front of表示“在……前面/正面”；
behind表示“在……后面”；
opposite表示“在……对面”。
in front of the classroom在教室前面
behind my house在我家房子后面
opposite me在我对面
in, into, out of , up
in表示“在……之内”，into表示“进入”；
out of表示“从……到外面”；
up表示“向上移动”。
be in the classroom在教室里
ran into the classroom跑进教室
rush out of the room冲出房间
climb up the tree爬上树
along, across, past, through
along表示“沿着”；
across表示“横穿（平面）”；
past表示“经过”；
through表示“通过（内部空间）”其含义与in有关，。
along the river/railway沿着河边/铁路
across the river横渡过河
past the city hall经过市政厅
through the city/forest穿过城市/森林
to, for, from
to表示“到达……目的地或目标”；
for表示“向……（目的地）”；
from表示“从……（地点）起”。
get to the airport到达机场
leave for动身去
from Beijing to Shanghai从北京到上海
3. 表示原因的介词
常见的表示“原因、理由”的介词有for, at, from, with, by, because of , owing to, due to, on account of,
thanks to, out of, through等。
for, because of, at, out of
for:多=与表示感情的抽象名词或动词及reason, famous等词连用。
I must apologize for calling you so late.和抱歉我这么晚来找你。
at:常表示某种表情的起因，常和表示听、看或喜、怒、吃惊等词连用。
You didn’t looked very surprised at the news of his failure.听到他失败的消息，你看上去并不是很吃惊。
He got angry at her words他因她所说的话而生气。
from:常接抽象名词表示自然或间接原因
Lots of people suffered from hunger in those days.在那些日子里,许多人都遭受到了饥饿之苦。
of:多用于自身的原因,如死因、病因等。
I'm ashamed of myself for being so stupid.我为自己这么笨而感到羞愧 He died of cancer.他死于癌症。with:多用于表示情绪的形容词或身体动作或状态的动词之后，表示某种心理或心理状况的原因。
Her face went white with anger.她气得脸都白了。
by:表示“由于,成为……结果”,不与冠词连用。
by chance/accident意外，偶然地, by nature天生
because of:意为“由于,因为”,在句中仅作状语，修饰句中的一部分，与其他成分不用逗号隔开。
He didn't go to work because of his illness.由于生病他没去上班。
owing to:与because of 一样,也强调因果关系,作状语修饰整个句子，可放在句首或句末,用逗号隔开。
They decided to postpone the trip, owing to the change of the weather.
由于天气变化，他们决定推迟旅行。
due to:引出造成后果的原因,在句中作表语、状语和定语。作状语时与owing to同义,一般不用逗号与其他
成分隔开,且不放于句首。
The team's success was largely due to her efforts.该队的成功很大程度上是由于她的努力。
on account of:与because of，owing to同义,但语气较为正式。可作状语、表语，但不作定语。
That was on account of lack of exercise.那是由于缺乏锻炼。
thanks to:只能用作状语,可以表示正面的意思“幸亏”，也可以用在讽刺口吻中(近于讽刺口吻的“感谢”)。
The play succeeded thanks to fine acting by all the cast.
由于全体演员的出色表演 那出戏剧才获得成功。
4. 表示除.....之外的介词
besides表示“除了……外，还有……”，表示累加关系，指包括介词宾语在内；
except表示“除……以外”，表示排除关系，指从整体中除去一部分；
but表示“除……以外”，与except同义，但是比except的语气更强烈。
I like English and maths besides Chinese.除了语文，我还喜欢英语和数学。
Everyone is here except Miss Ye.除了叶老师外，所有人都在这里。
There is nothing in the basket but three eggs.篮子里除了3个鸡蛋外，什么也没有。
5. 表示“支持或反对”的介词
against:意为“反对”,指在观点或张方面与某人采取立的态度。
He is against your opinion.他反对你的观点。
【2021·浙江卷·阅读理解】It turns out, it’s just math working against you; chances are, the other
line really is faster.
原来，这只是你的数学问题；很可能，另一个队伍真的更快。
for:指在观点或主张等方面与某人采取一致的态度，思是“支持，赞成”，与in favor of同义。
Are you for the plan or against it?你支持还是反对这个计划?
6. 表示方式的介词
in, with, by
in表示“用材料、语言”。
Can you say it in English?
with表示“用工具、某物”如: with a pen。by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”。
He prefers traveling by car.
他更喜欢乘汽车出行。
知识点3 重难易错常考介词
一 for与of表示不定式复合结构的逻辑主语
1. It is +adj. +of sb to do sth =sb. +be + adj. + to do sth当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特性时，用
of。常见的形容词有 kind，good，nice，clever,stupid,foolish, con siderate，polite,impolite,cruel 等。
It was kind of you to help us.=You are kind to help us.
你好心帮助我们，真是太好了。
It was silly of you to trust such a man.=You are silly to trust such a man.你太愚蠢了，竟然相信这样一个人。
2. It is + adj. + for sb to do sth当形容词说明不定式的性质时，用for。常见的形容词有 important，
necessary，possible，impossible等。
It won't be easy for you to find a job.对你来说，找一份工作很难。
It's important for us to learn English.学英语对我们来说很重要。
二 不可遗漏的后置介词
1. 在被动语态中,谓语部分的介词和主语构成介宾关系,介词不能遗漏。
The child has been taken good care of in the nursery.
这个孩子在幼儿园里一直受到很好的照顾。
2. 在非谓语动词表示被动意义时,相关介词也不可省略。
The problem is well worth paying attention to.这个问题很值得关注。
3. 在定语从句中,当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语动词为不及物动词时。
I don’t know the girl you referred to at the meeting.我不认识你在会上提到的那个女孩。
4. 作定语的非谓语动词和它修饰的名词构成动宾或介宾关系且相关介词后置时。
We have many new models to choose from.
我们有许多新模型可以选择。
三 to与表示情感的名词连用,指某种行动后产生的感觉。
如： to one's delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret = to the delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret of
sb,这种表达法表示结果,在句中作状语,位于句前、句中、句尾皆可。为了强调,可在前面加 much,意为“使
某人……的是”。
Much to my surprise ( = To my great surprise),they offered me the job.
使我非常惊奇的是,他们把那份工作给了我。
Much to our regret, we will be absent from the party.
非常遗憾,我们将缺席这场晚会。
典例1.（2024年江西省景德镇市三模试题）To breathe new life into Qiang embroidery, Chen has continued to
keep an open mind, introducing new products personal accessories(配饰), notebooks and bags in
addition to the traditional clothes.典例 2. （2024年浙江杭州四中模拟）But now, women enjoy equal rights with men on the stage, and more
women are appearing on the Opera stage ever before.
A. A pop star. B. An old song. C. A radio program.
变式训练1.Covering an area of 3.6 square kilometers, Huangyao has a history of nearly 1,000 years ___ its
origins dating back to the Song Dynasty.
变式训练 2.As a student, I get so many assignments every day. I have to stay up late in order to finish all my
homework. I used to complain about all this pressure ________ school with my classmates.
考点二 介词和其它词类的搭配
知识点1 介词和名词的搭配
① at+n. 表示状态
at peace 处于和平中 at ease 安心自在,不拘束 at drill 在操练
at random随意地,胡乱地 at work 在工作 at play 在玩耍
② by+n. 表示方式
by hand 手工的 by mistake 错误的 by chance/accident 偶然
by design 故意地 by turns 轮流地,交替地 by surprise 突然(冷不防,出其不意地)
③ in+n.表示方式
in shape 在外形上 in cash 用现金付的 in brief 简言之
in detail 详细地 in general 一般说来 in person 亲自 in tum 轮流，依次
in advance 事先提前 in vain 白费，徒劳
④ in+n 表示状态
in debt 负债 in order 整齐 in condition健康
in doubt 怀疑 in danger 处于危险中 in surprise惊奇地
in public 公开的 in shame 由于害羞 in comfort舒适地
⑤ of +n. 表示特征
of value 有价值 of importance重要 of use 有用
of help 有帮助 of interest有兴趣 of ability 有能力
⑥ on +n. 表示状态on guard 值班，警戒 on show/display展览 on business 因公出差
on strike在罢工 on duty 值班 on leave/sick leave 在度假/休病假
⑦ out of +n 表示状态
out of sight 看不到 out of mind 发狂 out of danger脱离危险
out of trouble摆脱困难 out of office 在野，不执政 out of business 失业
out of fashion 不流行 out of order 出故障 out of debt 不欠债
out of control不受控制 out of question 毫无疑问 out of breath 气喘吁吁
out of condition 身体不佳 out of date 过时
⑧ under+n.表示被动
under discussion/treatment/control/attack/consideration在讨论中/治疗中/控制中/被攻击/在考虑中
⑨ with+n. 表示方式
with pleasure愉快地 with delight 高兴地 with fear 吓得
with satisfaction 满意地 with difficulty困难地 with ease 轻而易举地
易错提醒: 考生容易死记硬背短语搭配，例如遇到 stand只想到自己最熟悉的短语，但有的动词可以搭配
较多介词，分别引用有不同的语境，需要瞻前顾后，分析句子结构，理清句意才能得出正确答案。
典例1.（2024年江苏南通高三期末）Looking forward, we should invest in new technologies and innovative
thinking that open the door a whole new world where we decrease reliance on fossil fuels.
典例2.（2024年江苏高三开学考试）I hold the firm belief that I am equal the job as a volunteer for
the fair.
变式训练1.We were arguing what gift we should send to our teacher when Tom came up a good idea．
变式训练2.It was compiled in the early Warring States Period, over 70 years after the death of Confucius, from
the notes that his disciples took according to the answers their questions.
知识点2 介词和形容词的搭配
① adj. + about
be anxious about 为……而忧虑 be certain/sure about 对……有把握
be doubtful about 对……怀疑 be enthusiastic about 对……热情的/热心的
be hopeful about 对……抱有希望 be incredulous about 对……不相信
② adj.+ at
be quick at 做……敏捷 be slow at 对……反应慢 be surprised at 对……吃惊
be bad at 不擅长 be terrified at 受到……恐吓 be shocked at ……震惊
③ adj. + from
be absent from 缺席 be free from 不受……影响
be safe from 安全 be different from 与……不同④ adj. + for
be anxious for 渴望 be hungry for渴望 be eager for 渴望
be fit for 适合 be unfit for不适合 be thankful for 因……而感激
be famous for 因……而著名 be ready for为……作好准备 be responsible for 对……负责
⑤ adj. + in
be weak in不擅长…… be strict in 对……严格 be rich in 含有丰富的……
be dressed in 穿着…… be successful in 在……上成功 be absorbed in 专心于
be disappointed in 对……失望 be experienced in 对……有经验 be expert in 在……方面熟练
be fortunate in 有幸
⑥ adj. + of
be ashamed of 羞耻 be aware of 知道 be guilty of 有罪的
be proud of 骄傲 be short of 缺乏 be sick of 厌烦
be tired of 厌倦 be worthy of值得 be free of 免于
be shy of 对……感到害羞
⑦ adj. + to
be contrary to 与……相反 be determined to 决定…… be equal to 等于
be familiar to 对……所熟悉 be favourable to 对……有利 be harmful to 对……有害
be different to 不同于 be similar to 相似,相似 be polite to 对……有礼貌
be rude to 对……无礼 be determined to 决定… be equal to 等于
be familiar to对……所熟悉 be favourable to对……有利 be harmful to对……有害
be similar to 相似，相似 be polite to对……有礼貌 be suitable to 适合
be rude to对……无礼 be married to 与……结婚
⑧ adj. + with
be popular with 受……欢迎 be patient with 对……有耐心 be sick with 患病
be pleased with 对……喜欢 be crowded with 充满…… be content with 对……满
足 be annoyed with 对……烦恼 be familiar with 精通,熟悉 be friendly with 与……
友好 be nervous with 对……紧张 be satisfied with 对……满意
⑨ adj. + on
be dependant on 依靠 be keen on 热衷于…… be severe on对……严格/严
厉
知识点3 介词和其它词的搭配
n.+prep. +n.
① n. +by+n.
side by side 肩并肩
step by step 一步一步地 one by one 一个接一个地
little by little一点一点地 day by day 一天一天地② n. + after +n.
day after day日复一日地 year after year 复一年地
③ n. +in+n.
arm in arm 手挽手地 hand in hand手牵手地 heart in ones mouth 提心吊胆
④ n. + to + n.
day to day 日常的 heart to heart互相交心地 face to face 面对面地
back to back 背靠背地 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地
⑤ in +n. +of
in fear of 害怕 in charge of负责 in honor of 为纪念,为庆祝
in memory of 为纪念 in need/want/demand of需要 in place of 代替
in possession of 拥有 in search of 寻找 in case of 以防,万一
in control of 管理 in danger of处于……的危险中 in terms of就......而言
in respect of关于，涉及 in spite of尽管，虽然 in praise of表扬
典例1.（2024年广东惠州高三一模）In addition to “Happy Loong”, the Gansu Provincial Museum offers stuffed
toys inspired the flying apsaras (飞天) of the Mogao Grottoes and the bronze galloping horse from the
Easter Han Dynasty (25-220), all of which combine rich history with Gen-Z appeal.
典例2.（2024届河南省濮阳市高三二模）A birthday surprise is not easy to come by for 90-year-old Wong,
having lived through the majority of the length and breadth of human experience, but dressing up in traditional
Chinese hanfu this year came a welcome treat.
变式训练1. An amateur naturalist came across a new species of orchid ______ other flowers in Tokyo.
变式训练2In contrast ____ the opening ceremony, during the closing ceremony, athletes from all delegations
(代表团) entered the stadium together, mingling (交际) without regard to nationality.
一、 真题实战
1. （2024年新高考II卷） I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in
some ways ______ Romeo and Juliet.”
2.（2024年全国甲卷）What should be done with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area,
with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ________all people of the nation to enjoy
—as a national park.
3.（2023年新高考II卷） And who do they speak English ______?4.（2022年全国乙卷）May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially
________the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
5.（2019年高考英语浙江卷）The answer ______ this question is not clear.
二、 命题演练
1.（2024年湖南衡阳模拟预测）The annual CCTV Spring Festival gala was broadcast live on Feb 9, Lunar
New Year’s Eve, attracting 679 million viewers, a year-on-year increase of 12.69 percent.
2.（2024年四川省攀枝花市高三统考）The Internet is filled AI text generators that can write essays that
look authentic enough to fool examiners.
3.（2024年河南省开封市高三三模）The No. 2 shipwreck dates the rule of Emperor Hongzhi and
measures about 21 meters long and 8 meters wide.
4.（2024届内蒙古呼和浩特市高三二模考试） Its surface is covered in panels that contain algae (藻类). The
panels capture heat the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building. The algae grow faster in
bright sunshine and provide shade.
5.（2024年湖北荆州模拟预测）Zhangjiakou is becoming part of a comprehensive international trade corridor
following the opening of the railway route Europe and Central Asia.
6.（2024年湖北黄冈模拟预测）The canyon is about 30 kilometers length, with the valley floor being
3 to 4 hundred meters at its widest, while the narrowest part is only two or three meters.
7.（2024 年重庆高三三模试题）“Digital education in Zibo has just begun and there are still many new
situations, problems and challenges to deal .
8.（2024年四川成都模拟预测） the numerous bronze statues there, this giant standing bronze figure,
measuring 260.8 centimeters in height, is the “highest” ruler.
9.（2024江西省高三开学考试）Gui then pursued postdoctoral research overseas and published about 20 SCI
academic papers in top international journals. After returning to China, he received Beihang’s invitation to
teach_________ an associate professor.
10.（2024年江苏镇江三模试题）“Hopefully, I can be of some help in inspiring more young people to find their
lifelong passion cultural heritage preservation,” said Song.
