文档内容
Period 3 Grammar
设计者 邵宁宁
Teaching aims
1．Students will be able to recognize the infinitives and know the exact meanings of them.
2．Students will be able to use these structures correctly.
Teaching procedures
Step 1 Revision
Ask several students to retell Marty's story.Show Marty's mini biography on the PowerPoint.
My mini biography
Name Marty Fielding
Status High school student
Developed a muscle disease at the age of 10，very weak，cannot do things like
Health
normal people
·Enjoying writing and computer programming
Interests and ·Going to the movies and football matches with friends
Hobbies ·Spending a lot of time with my pets—two rabbits，a parrot，a tank full of fish
and a tortoise
Ambition To work for a firm that develops computer software
Motto Live one day at a time
Step 2 Discovering useful structures
1．基本概念
不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，而且不能单独用作谓语，但仍
旧有动词的特点，即可有自己的宾语和状语，构成不定式短语，使用频率较高。是一个考试经
常考查的语法点。
2．基本形式
主动形式 被动形式
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
进行式 to be doing /
完成进行式 to have been doing /
否定形式 not to do not to be done
疑问词＋不定式 wh－ to do wh－ to be done
复合结构 sb.to do/for sb.to do /
3.句法功能
不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和
补足语，还可以有自己的逻辑主语，即for sb.to do sth.。
It is good to_help_others.(subject)
It is my ambition to_make_sure_that_the_disabled_people_in_our_neighbourhood_have_
access_to_all_public_buildings.(subject)
My ambition is_to_work_in the computer industry when I grow up.(predicative)
I don't have time to_sit_around feeling sorry for myself.(attributive)
1I am the only student in my class to_have_a_pet_snake.(attributive)
A big company has decided to_buy_it_from_me.(object)
My fellow students have begun to_accept_me_for_who_I_am.(object)
I have had to work hard_to_live_a_normal_life.(adverbial)
Some days I am too tired to_get_out_of_bed.(adverbial)
We must call on local government_to_give_financial_assistance_to_disabled_people. (object
complement)
4．不定式的时态与语态
根据需要，不定式可以有一般式(to do)，完成式(to have done)，完成进行式(to have been
doing)，进行式(to be doing)等时态形式以及被动形式to be done和to have been done。
He didn't allow us to go home early.
他不允许我们早回家。
He seemed to have seen the film.
他好像看过这部电影。
She is said to have been living in the city for six years.
据说她住在该城市六年了。
The boy pretended to be reading when his mother came in.
当他母亲进来的时候，小男孩假装在读书。
He is said to have studied abroad a few years ago.
据说他几年前在国外学习过。
The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
据说此书已被译成了多种语言。
[注意]
1．The following verbs are usually followed by the infinitive.
afford，agree，appear，arrange，ask，attempt，care，choose，claim，come，consent，dare，
decide，demand，deserve，determine，elect，endeavor，expect，fail，get，guarantee，hate，help，
hesitate，hope，hurry，intend，learn，long，manage，mean，need，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，
promise，refuse，say，seem，tend，threaten，want，wish
For example：
I can't afford to_go to the pub.
He agreed to_practice_more.
You should learn to_express_yourself.
They managed_to_fix_the_problem.
2．Explanation of the gerund and the infinitive
Some words can be followed by either the infinitive or the －ing form.Please pay attention
when there is no difference in meaning and when there is difference.
(1)The gerund and the infinitive (no difference in meaning)
We use the gerund or the infinitive after the following verbs：
He began talking.
begin
He began to talk.
They continue smoking.
continue
They continue to smoke.
Do you hate working on Saturdays？
hate
Do you hate to work on Saturdays？
I like swimming.
like
I like to swim.
2She loves painting.
love
She loves to paint.
Pat prefers walking home.
prefer
Pat prefers to walk home.
They start singing.
start
They start to sing.
We use the gerund or the infinitive after the following verbs.There are two
possible structures after these verbs.Gerund：verb＋－ing
Infinitive：verb＋person＋to－infinitive
They advise walking_to town.
advise
They advise us_to_walk to town.
They do not allow smoking here.
allow
They do not allow_us_to_smoke_here.
They encourage_doing_the test.
encourage
They encourage us_to_do_the test.
They do not permit smoking here.
permit
They do not permit us_to_smoke here.
We use the following structures after the word recommend：
They recommend walking_to town.
recommend
They recommend that_we_(should)_walk_to_town.
(2)Some verbs or verb phrases have different meanings when used with the gerund or
the infinitive.
GERUND INFINITIVE
He'll never forget spending_so much
Don't forget to_spend money on the
money on his first computer. 他永远
forget tickets.
不会忘记在第一台电脑上花费了这
不要忘记用钱去买票。
么多钱。
Go on reading the text. Go on to_read_the text.
go on
继续读这篇文章。(继续做同一件事) 继续读这篇文章。(继续做另一件事)
You have forgotten your homework
I meant to_phone your mother，but my
again.That means phoning_your
mobile didn't work.
mean mother.
我本打算打电话给你妈妈，但是我的
你又忘记做家庭作业了，这意味着
手机坏了。
我要打电话给你妈妈。
I remember switching_off the lights Remember to_switch_off the lights whe
remember when I went on holiday. n you go on holiday.
我记得我去度假时把灯都关掉了。 当你去度假时，记得把灯关掉。
Stop reading_the text. Stop to_read_the text.
stop
停止读这篇文章。 停下来读这篇文章。
Why don't you try running_after the
I tried to_run after the dog，but I．..
try dog？
我竭尽全力跟着狗跑，但是……
你为什么不尝试跟着狗跑呢？
Step 3 Drilling
Ask students to do Exercise 2 on Page 5 and check with their partners then check together.
Keys：to have kept you waiting；to have forgotten；to have finished；
Ask students to do Exercise 3 and share their past experience in a group.
Keys：to have spent；To free；to see；to treat；to help pass；to abolish
Step 4 Using the infinitive
Ask students to translate the following sentences into English and pay attention to the use of
the infinitive.
31．我忘了让你去社区服务中心了。
2．在检查机器之前关掉电源是很重要的。
3．我不知道哪儿能找到这种纽扣。
4．幸运的是，我们没有更多的活儿要做。
5．海伦很高兴到过中国20多个省、市。
6．她事业有成，现在最大的愿望就是结婚生子。
Suggested answers：
1．I forgot to ask you to go to the community service center.
2．It's very important to turn off the electricity before you check the machine.
3．I don't know where to find such a kind of button.
4．Luckily，we don't have much more work to do.
5．Helen is very pleased to have travelled in more than 20 provinces and cities in China.
6．She has been very successful in her work，and now her greatest wish is to get married and
have some children.
Step 5 Homework
Finish off Exercises 2 and 3 on P49.
4
