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选择性必修第三册 Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A(★)
Eating ultra-processed(超加工的) foods for more than 20% of your daily calorie intake every
day can set you on the road to cognitive(认知的) decline，according to a new study.Previous
studies have found they can raise the risk of having obesity，heart and circulation problems，
diabetes and cancer.They may even shorten our lives.Now，the new study has revealed eating
more ultra-processed foods may contribute to overall cognitive decline，including the areas of the
brain involved in executive(决策的) functioning—the ability to process information and make
decisions.
In fact，men and women who ate the most ultra-processed foods had a 28% faster rate of
global cognitive decline and a 25% faster rate of executive function decline compared with people
who ate the least amount of overly processed food，the new study found.“While in need of
further study and replication，the new results are quite convincing and emphasize the critical role
for proper nutrition in preserving and promoting brain health and reducing risk for brain diseases as
we get older，” said Tanzi，a Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School.He was not
involved in the study.
The study，presented on August 1 at the 2022 Alzheimer’s Association International
Conference in San Diego，followed over 10,000 Brazilians whose average age was 51 for up to 10
years.Just over half of the study participants were women.
Cognitive testing，which included immediate and delayed word recall，word recognition and
verbal fluency，were performed at the beginning and end of the study，and the participants were
inquired about their diet.“In Brazil，ultra-processed foods make up 25% to 30% of the total
calorie intake.We eat a lot of hamburgers，chocolate and white bread.It’s not very different，
unfortunately，from many other western countries，” said co-author Dr.Claudia Suemoto，an
assistant professor.
Ultra-processed foods are defined as “industrial formulations of food substances(oils，
fats，sugars，starch，and protein isolates) that contain little or no whole foods and typically
include flavorings，colorings and other chemical additives”，according to the study.
1．What is Tanzi’s attitude towards the new study?
A．Objective. B．Doubtful. C．Ambiguous. D．Disapproving.
2．What can we know about the new study?
A．Its participants were over 50 years old.
B．It followed the participants for a period of time.C．It proved men had a faster rate of cognitive decline than women.
D．It first found ultra-processed foods could raise the risk of obesity.
3．What were the participants asked to do in the study?
A．Eat their favorite foods. B．Introduce their daily routine.
C．Enhance their verbal fluency. D．Take a series of cognitive tests.
4．Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A．The Substances of Ultra-processed Foods
B．The Appropriate Intake of Ultra-processed Foods
C．Cognitive Decline Linked to Ultra-processed Foods
D．Ultra-processed Foods Causing Executive Functioning Loss
B
(2024·广东广州模拟)
Beavers(海狸)，like humans，change their surroundings to fit their needs.Known as
nature’s engineers，they tear trees down to build homes to live in and dams to raise water levels
for protection from enemies.Dams also slow water’s flow while blocking sediment(沉积物) that
would otherwise flow downstream.The resulting wetlands often attract wildlife diversity where
none had existed.There are challenges，though.Beaver dams sometimes cause flooding，and most
people prefer trees alive and upright.
Communities face a delicate balancing act，learning to coexist with beavers.Last winter，
many people enjoying Winston Path became beaver fans as one furry family transformed Swallow
Pond into an oasis for birds，frogs，turtles and deer.
Yet such activity caused concern.As beavers worked，they raised water levels about five
feet.The increased depth allows beavers to survive underwater if the pond ices over.But county
officials were concerned about how higher water would affect the soil bank supporting Winston
Path.
To find a good balance between protecting the path and the beavers，the county introduced
a“beaver baffle”—a pond leveler.Beavers often rush to fill holes in their dams.Baffles stabilize
water levels by creating a hidden exit for high water to escape through the dam，unnoticed by the
beavers.
People love the beavers but they also love the mature trees.Recently，Catherine Jones,18，
organized a tree-caging event—putting wire cloth around large tree trunks to discourage beavers
from biting them.It also protects people from injury due to random trees falling.“We cover the
trees we don’t want them to eat ， while planting periodically others they like ， ” said
Jones.“We need to learn to give up a little of our wants to share the Earth’s resources.”
Swallow Pond’s 2023 project will restore proper water depth and improve wildlife habitat
without creating problems for the path.The balancing act continues.
5．What is the first paragraph mainly about?A．Where beavers’ favorite surroundings are.
B．What effects beavers have on their habitat.
C．Why beavers are called nature’s engineers.
D．How beavers help attract wildlife diversity.
6．Why did the beaver family’s activity cause concern?
A．Swallow Pond would flood often.
B．Sediment would flow downstream.
C．The popular path might be damaged.
D．Beavers might have to live underwater.
7．What do the underlined words “beaver baffle” refer to in paragraph 4?
A．A block to keep beavers away. B．A tool to fix holes in the dams.
C．A device to maintain water level. D．A material to protect the soil bank.
8．What is the theme of Swallow Pond’s 2023 project?
A．Biological diversity. B．Harmonious coexistence.
C．Prevention of natural disasters. D．Preservation of wildlife habitat.
Ⅱ.完形填空
On the night of the speech contest，I was worried about the shy girl.My heart 1 when I
knew the boy on stage previous to her， 2 ，was fairly successful with his humor and personal
style.The whole audience burst out a wave of 3 almost every 30 seconds.
My palms(手掌) began to 4 .It was the first time that she had been on the stage，so I
couldn’t blame her for any 5 .The strong spotlight made her so insignificant that nobody 6
she had been on the stage.
But the moment that 7 me occurred.I clearly heard a 8 voice，“Now，your 9
，please！” The whole audience fell quiet.Small and thin as the girl appeared，the 10 look
on her face instantly caught everyone’s eyes.Then her speech was on ，logical and well-
organized.Words of power 11 freely out of the girl like magic.When her speech 12 ，a
thunderous applause sounded from the audience.When the competition was concluding，all of us
waited 13 for the winner’s name to be called.Tears of joy 14 my vision when the host
announced she won first prize.Holding the medal tightly，she gave me a brilliant smile.I 15
her into my arms，too excited to say any words.
1．A.beat B．sank C．lost D．broke
2．A.sure enough B．worse still C．above all D．in addition
3．A.crying B．warning C．clapping D．screaming
4．A.sweat B．tremble C．change D．turn
5．A.try B．pose C．guess D．slip
6．A.thought B．admitted C．ignored D．noticed7．A.confused B．interested C．surprised D．challenged
8．A.loud B．weak C．tight D．low
9．A.support B．attention C．vote D．silence
10．A.determined B．puzzled C．relaxed D．bored
11．A.crowded B．hurried C．bounced D．flowed
12．A.started B．ended C．progressed D．rested
13．A.sincerely B．easily C．wildly D．eagerly
14．A.misted B．hid C．prevented D．shaded
15．A.pushed B．threw C．pulled D．lifted
Ⅲ.语法填空
It’s easy to get overwhelmed when you have a lot on your plate.Between work 1.
(responsibility) and personal obligations，life can get stressful.It’s even 2. (bad)
when you forget something important.By creating organized to-do lists，you can prioritize the
things you need to do，keep track of 3. still needs to be completed，and feel
productive and prepared in all areas of your life.
List all of the tasks that you need 4. (accomplish)．These can range from
“finish the presentation for work next week” 5. “find a present for Mom’s
birthday next month”．Then sort your master list into categories.By creating separate lists，you
can 6. (complete) focus your attention and energy on one set of tasks at 7.
time.Next，make your list aesthetically-pleasing(赏心悦目的)．This may sound superficial and 8.
(necessary)，but it really can help change the way you look at your to-do list.
Make your to-do lists for the current day only.Keep it simple! This will help you organize your
tasks in order of priority，and you won’t feel overwhelmed while 9. (look) ahead
at tasks for tomorrow ， next week ， or next month.Be realistic about what can 10.
(finish) in 24 hours.Your daily to-do lists should have less than ten things，and maybe even less
than five.
