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2026春人教版英语八下单元重点知识Unit2_新人教八下资料包_00、更新资料3月16日_知识总结(4)_新课标资料(看这里面)

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2026春人教版英语八下单元重点知识Unit2_新人教八下资料包_00、更新资料3月16日_知识总结(4)_新课标资料(看这里面)
2026春人教版英语八下单元重点知识Unit2_新人教八下资料包_00、更新资料3月16日_知识总结(4)_新课标资料(看这里面)
2026春人教版英语八下单元重点知识Unit2_新人教八下资料包_00、更新资料3月16日_知识总结(4)_新课标资料(看这里面)
2026春人教版英语八下单元重点知识Unit2_新人教八下资料包_00、更新资料3月16日_知识总结(4)_新课标资料(看这里面)
2026春人教版英语八下单元重点知识Unit2_新人教八下资料包_00、更新资料3月16日_知识总结(4)_新课标资料(看这里面)
2026春人教版英语八下单元重点知识Unit2_新人教八下资料包_00、更新资料3月16日_知识总结(4)_新课标资料(看这里面)
2026春人教版英语八下单元重点知识Unit2_新人教八下资料包_00、更新资料3月16日_知识总结(4)_新课标资料(看这里面)
2026春人教版英语八下单元重点知识Unit2_新人教八下资料包_00、更新资料3月16日_知识总结(4)_新课标资料(看这里面)

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Unit 2 Stay Healthy 单元重点知识 一、词汇巩固 (一)核心名词(健康问题 & 护理相关) 1. stomachache (n.) 胃痛;肚子疼 例:David had a stomachache because he ate too much at his friend’s birthday party.(大 卫胃痛,因为他在朋友的生日派对上吃得太多了。) 2. toothache (n.) 牙痛 例:Nancy’s toothache got worse after she ate too many sweet candies.(南希吃了太多 糖果后,牙痛更严重了。) 3. sore throat (n.) 喉咙痛 例:Judy suffered from a sore throat because she practiced her speech for hours without drinking water.(朱迪因为练了几小时演讲没喝水,喉咙痛得厉害。) 4. fever (n.) 发烧 例:Helen had a high fever, so the doctor advised her to stay home and 海伦发高烧, rest(. 医生建议她在家休息。) 5. injury (n.) 伤害;损伤 例:Ben got an injury on his back after he fell during a PE class.(本在体育课上摔倒 后,背部受了伤。) 6. first aid (n.) 急救 例:Allen learned first aid in school, so he knew how to put out the oil fire safely.(艾伦 在学校学过急救,所以知道如何安全扑灭油锅火灾。) 7. virus (n.) 病毒 例:The flu virus spreads easily in winter, so we should wear masks to protect ourselves. (流感病毒在冬天容易传播,我们应该戴口罩保护自己。) 8. X-ray (n.) X 光照片;X 射线 例:The nurse told Nancy she might need an X-ray to check her bad tooth.(护士告诉南 希,她可能需要拍 X 光片检查坏牙。)9. allergy (n.) 过敏 例:Mark has a peanut allergy, so he can’t eat any food with peanuts.(马克对花生过 敏,不能吃任何含花生的食物。) (二)重点动词(健康护理 & 急救动作) 1. suffer from 受苦;受折磨 例:Many students suffer from eye strain because they use electronic devices for too long. (很多学生因为长时间用电子设备,眼睛疲劳不堪。) 2. avoid (v.) 避免;防止 例:The nurse told David to avoid soft drinks because the gas would make his stomachache worse.(护士让大卫避免喝碳酸饮料,因为气体会加重他的胃痛。) 3. press (v.) 压;按 例:When Jeff had a nosebleed, the nurse told him to press down on his nose for a few minutes.(杰夫流鼻血时,护士让他按住鼻子几分钟。) 4. treat (v.) 治疗;处理 例:The doctor treated Helen’s flu with special medicine and asked her to drink more water. (医生用特效药治疗海伦的流感,并让她多喝热水。) 5. prevent (v.) 预防;防止 例:Washing hands often can prevent the spread of germs.(勤洗手能预防细菌传播。) 6. roll (v.) (使)翻滚;滚动 例:When James’s shirt caught fire, he rolled on the ground to put out the flames.(詹姆 斯的衬衫着火时,他在地上翻滚灭火。) 7. check (v.) 检查;查明 例:The doctor checked Kelly’s broken arm carefully and asked for an X-ray.(医生仔细 检查了凯利骨折的手臂,并要求拍 X 光片。) 8. burn (v.) 燃烧;烫伤 (过去式 / 过去分词:burnt/burned) 例:James burnt his arm slightly when he was cooking fried chicken.(詹姆斯做炸鸡时, 手臂轻微烫伤了。)(三)关键形容词(身体感受 & 状态) 1. sore (adj.) 疼痛的;酸痛的 例:After playing basketball for two hours, Tom’s legs felt sore.(打了两小时篮球后, 汤姆的腿又酸又痛。) 2. painful (adj.) (身体部位)疼痛的 例:Helen’s throat was so painful that she could hardly speak.(海伦的喉咙痛得几乎说 不出话。) 3. careless (adj.) 不小心的;粗心的 例:Accidents often happen when we are careless, like Jeff falling off his bike.(粗心时 容易发生意外,比如杰夫从自行车上摔下来。) 4. harmful (adj.) 有害的 例:Too much screen time is harmful to our eyes and sleep.(长时间看屏幕对眼睛和睡 眠都有害。) 5. allergic (adj.) 过敏的 例:Mark is allergic to peanuts, so he has to check food ingredients carefully.(马克对花 生过敏,必须仔细查看食品成分。) 6. runny (adj.) 流鼻涕的 例:If you have a runny nose, you should use a tissue instead of wiping it with your hands. (流鼻涕时,应该用纸巾擦,而不是用手。) 二、词形变换 1. pain (n. 疼痛) → painful (adj. 疼痛的) → painless (adj. 无痛的) 例:The pain in his back lasted for three days.(他的背痛持续了三天。)Her ankle was painful after she twisted it.(她扭伤脚踝后,那里一直很痛。) The new treatment is quick and painless.(这种新治疗方法快速且无痛。) 2. harm (n./v. 伤害) → harmful (adj. 有害的) → harmless (adj. 无害的) 例:Smoking does great harm to our lungs.(吸烟对肺部伤害很大。) UV rays from the sun can be harmful to our skin.(太阳紫外线对皮肤有害。) This kind of plant looks scary but it’s harmless.(这种植物看起来吓人,但其实无害。)3. care (v./n. 关 心 ; 小 心 ) → careful (adj. 小 心 的 ) → careless (adj. 粗 心 的 ) → carefully (adv. 小心地) 例:You should care about your health by eating well.(你应该通过合理饮食关注健 康。) Be careful when using knives in the kitchen.(在厨房用刀时要小心。) The careless driver forgot to turn off the stove.(这个粗心的司机忘了关炉子。) Nancy brushed her teeth carefully to stop her toothache.(南希仔细刷牙,缓解牙 痛。) 4. safe (adj. 安全的) → safety (n. 安全) → safely (adv. 安全地) 例:It’s safe to stay inside during a heavy rainstorm.(暴雨时待在室内很安全。) The teacher always tells us about safety rules in class.(老师经常在课上给我们讲安全 规则。) Allen put out the fire safely with a fire extinguisher.(艾伦用灭火器安全扑灭了火。) 5. ill (adj. 生病的) → illness (n. 疾病) → illnesses (pl. 各种疾病) 例:Helen felt ill and had to stay home from school.(海伦生病了,不得不请假在家。) Common illnesses in winter include the flu and colds 冬天常见的疾病有流感和感冒。) (. 三、重点短语 1. have a + 身体部位 ache 患…… 痛(如 have a headache/stomachache) 例:I have a headache because I stayed up late studying last night.(我昨晚熬夜学习, 现在头痛。) 2. suffer from 受苦;受折磨(后接疾病或不适) 例:Many people in dry areas suffer from lack of clean water.(干旱地区的很多人苦于 缺乏干净的水。) 3. take one’s temperature 给某人量体温 例:The doctor took Helen’s temperature and found she had a fever.(医生给海伦量了 体温,发现她发烧了。) 4. avoid doing sth 避免做某事 例:To protect your teeth, you should avoid eating too many sweets.(为了保护牙齿, 你应该避免吃太多甜食。) 5. put out 扑灭(火);熄灭例:Allen used a fire extinguisher to put out the oil fire in the pan.(艾伦用灭火器扑灭 了锅里的油锅火。) 6. first aid 急救 例:Schools should teach students basic first aid skills, like how to help someone with a nosebleed.(学校应该教学生基本急救技能,比如如何帮助流鼻血的人。) 7. stop...from doing sth 防止…… 做某事 例:Wearing a mask can stop the flu virus from spreading to others.(戴口罩能防止流感 病毒传染给他人。) 8. lie down 平躺;平卧 例:If you have a stomachache, you can lie down and put something warm on your stomach. (胃痛时,可以平躺下来,在肚子上敷点暖的东西。) 9. check out 检查;核实(食品成分、健康状况等) 例:Mark always checks out food ingredients to make sure there are no peanuts.(马克总 是检查食品成分,确保没有花生。) 10.catch fire 着火;起火 例:The pan caught fire because James left the oil heating and walked away.(因为詹姆 斯让油加热着就走开了,锅里起火了。) 四、重点句型 1. 描述健康问题:Sb. have/has a + 健康问题. / Sb. suffer (s) from + 健康问题. 例:David has a stomachache after eating too much.(大卫吃太多后胃痛。)Judy suffers from a sore throat because she talked too much.(朱迪因为说话太多,喉咙痛。) 2. 询问健康状况:What’s wrong? / What’s the matter? / Are you OK? 例:A: What’s wrong with you? You look pale.(你怎么了?脸色好苍白。)B: I have a headache and feel tired.(我头痛,还觉得累。) 3. 给出建议(应该 / 不应该做):You should + 动词原形. / You shouldn’t + 动词原形. 例:You should see a dentist if you have a toothache.(牙痛的话,你应该去看牙医。) You shouldn’t eat cold food when you have a stomachache.(胃痛时不要吃冷的食物。) 4. 给出委婉建议:You could + 动词原形.(比 should 语气更柔和) 例:You could drink some honey water to soothe your sore throat.(你可以喝点蜂蜜水 缓解喉咙痛。)5. 说明原因:Sb. have/has a health problem because + 原因. 例:Nancy has a toothache because she ate too many sweet things.(南希牙痛,因为她 吃了太多甜食。) 6. 描述急救动作:When + 意外发生,Sb. should + 急救动作. 例:When someone’s clothes catch fire, he or she should roll on the ground to put out the fire.(当有人衣服着火时,应该在地上翻滚灭火。) 7. 强调健康重要性:It’s important to + 健康相关动作,because + 原因. 例:It’s important to wash hands often, because it can prevent the spread of germs.(勤洗 手很重要,因为能预防细菌传播。) 8. 提醒注意事项:Don’t + 危险动作,or + 可能的后果. 例:Don’t pour water on an oil fire, or it will make the fire 不要往油锅火上浇水, worse(. 否则火会更旺。) 五、重点语法 (一)反身代词(Reflexive Pronouns) 构成与分类 单数 复数 人称 第一人称 myself(我自己) ourselves(我们自己) 第二人称 yourself(你自己) yourselves(你们自己) himself(他自己)、herself(她 themselves(他们 / 她们 / 第三人称 自己)、itself(它自己) 它们自己) 核心用法  作动词 / 介词宾语:强调动作作用于主语本身。 例:Be careful with the knife—don’t cut yourself.(用刀时小心,别割到自己。) James hurt himself when he fell off the bike.(詹姆斯从自行车上摔下来,弄伤了自 己。)  作主语 / 宾语同位语:用于强调 “亲自、独自”,可省略,不影响句子结构。例:David cooked dinner himself because his parents were busy.(大卫自己做了晚饭, 因为父母很忙。)We cleaned the classroom ourselves—no one helped us.(我们自己 打扫了教室,没人帮忙。) 常见固定搭配  enjoy oneself(玩得开心)、take care of oneself(照顾自己)、hurt oneself(伤到自己)  by oneself(独自)、teach oneself(自学)、help oneself to sth(随便吃 / 用某物) 易错提醒:反身代词不能单独作主语,需与主语保持人称、数的一致。错误:Myself went to the hospital.(反身代词不能作主语)正确:I myself went to the hospital.(反 身代词作同位语,主语为 I) (二)情态动词 should/could(表建议) should 的用法  表 “应该”:用于提出义务、责任或较明确的建议,语气较直接,主语可为人称代词 或事物。 例:You should wear a mask when you have the flu.(得流感时,你应该戴口罩。) We should exercise for 30 minutes every day to stay healthy.(为了保持健康,我们应 该每天锻炼 30 分钟。)  否定式 shouldn’t:表 “不应该”,用于提醒避免不当行为。 例:You shouldn’t eat too much fast food—it’s unhealthy.(你不应该吃太多快餐,不 健康。) could 的用法  表 “可以”:用于提出委婉、不确定的建议,语气比 should 柔和,给对方选择空间。 例:You could ask the school nurse for help if you feel unwell.(如果不舒服,你可以 向校医求助。)We could go for a walk after dinner to help digestion.(晚饭后我们可以 散散步,帮助消化。)  否定式 couldn’t:表 “不可以、不能”,用于委婉拒绝或说明没有能力做某事。 例:You couldn’t run around when you have a fever—it will make you tired.(发烧时不 能乱跑,会让你更累。) 用法对比情态动词 语气 场景 例句 直接、 强调义务或 You should see a doctor at once.(你 should 明确 必要建议 应该立刻去看医生。) 委婉、 提出可选建 You could call your parents to pick you could 柔和 议 up.(你可以打电话让父母来接你。) (三)连词 because(表原因) 核心功能:引导原因状语从句,说明主句动作或状态的直接原因,语气最强,回答 why 引导的问句。 用法注意  because 引导的从句可位于主句前(用逗号隔开)或主句后,位于主句前时,强调原 因;位于主句后时,补充说明原因。  例:Because he ate too much, David had a stomachache.(因为吃得太多,大卫胃痛了。 —— 强调原因)David had a stomachache because he ate too much.(大卫胃痛,因为 他吃得太多。—— 补充原因)  不能与 but/so 同时使用:because 表原因,so 表结果,二者只能选其一。错误:He had a fever because he caught a cold, so he stayed home(. 同时用 because 和 so,语法错 误) 正确:He had a fever because he caught a cold, so he stayed home(. 删除 because 或 so, 此处保留 so,调整为 He caught a cold, so he had a fever and stayed home.) 语境应用:本单元中常用于连接 “健康问题” 与 “原因”,帮助表达身体不适的诱因。 例:Judy had a sore throat because she talked too much.(朱迪喉咙痛,因为她说了太 多话。)Ben got a backache because he fell during PE class.(本背痛,因为他在体育 课上摔了一跤。)