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选择性必修第二册 Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
“Can you imagine？”Diébédo Francis Kéré said to NPR，“I was born in Burkina Faso，a
little village where there was no school.And my father wanted me to learn how to read and write
very simply because then I could translate or read him his letters.”
The first Black winner of the Pritzker Architecture Prize was as surprised as anyone else to be
selected for the field’s most famous prize.Many architects had openly supposed that 2022 would
be Sir David Adjaye’s year，who is best known for designing notable buildings as the Nobel
Peace Center in Norway.Kéré，who is based in Berlin but centers much of his practice in Africa，
has been—until now—far lesser known，with buildings that include primary schools and a
healthcare clinic.
When he was twenty，in 1985，Kéré earned a scholarship to study carpentry in Berlin.But he
also attended night school and was admitted to Technische Universität Berlin，from which he
graduated in 2004 with an advanced degree in architecture.He was still a student when he designed
and built the innovative Gando Primary School.
Kéré’s architectural practice was inspired by his own experience attending school with
around 100 other children in a region with temperatures over 100 F．“It’s very hot inside.And
there was no light，while outside，the sunlight was abundant.I think，one day I should make it
better.I was thinking about space，about room，about how I could feel better.”
In his designs for Gando Primary School and Naaba Belem Goumma Secondary School，
Kéré drew on traditional building materials such as local clay mixed with concrete ， and
emphasized shade and shadows，making spaces bright enough and letting air in，and thus
reducing the need for air conditioning.He wanted the buildings to evoke the sense of an oasis(绿洲)，
a place for many children，to be happy and learn how to read and write.
1．Why did the Pritzker Architecture Prize of 2022 come out as a surprise?
A．Because it is the most famous prize.
B．Because the winner only designs schools.
C．Because Kéré wasn’t first selected as a candidate.
D．Because another competitor was more famous.
2．What inspired Kéré’s architecture work?
A．His academic training in Berlin.
B．Hardship in his early childhood.
C．An architectural contest.D．His experience traveling abroad.
3．Which of the following best describes Kéré as an architect?
A．Creative and universal.
B．Determined and ambitious.
C．Caring and practical.
D．Devoted and productive.
4．What can be inferred about the schools designed by Kéré？
A．They are welllit and cool.
B．They only use traditional materials.
C．They need no airconditioning.
D．They are built on oases.
B
(2023·四川成都诊断性检测)
It’s a simple yet effective message that appeals，and leads to a satisfying way of motivating
us to promote environmentalism in our own way.
Born in Nairobi，Lesein Mutunkei is in his late teens，and his Trees4Goals is the means with
which he intends to make the world greener.It unites two of his selfdeclared passions in life：love
of the outdoors，with his love of football.Lesein enjoyed walking in the forest，but recognised his
country was experiencing a serious loss of tree cover.Between 2001 and 2020，Kenya lost an
estimated 11% of trees，releasing as many as 176 million tons of CO .
2
In a blog post for WWF Kenya，Lesein revealed that，once he started the Trees4Goals
initiative，he originally planned to plant one tree per goal.By 2020，he wanted to take his efforts
even further.What started as one tree planted per goal mushroomed into 11 trees planted per
goal.Explaining the reasoning behind expanding the treeplanting，he said，“It represents team
effort in football and the contribution by my team.I have managed to hit the 1,000th tree milestone
in the last two years.”
While it’s something of an own goal to destroy the forests and jungles providing enormous
biodiversity ， innovative initiatives like Trees4Goals are an assured way to score an
environmentalist hattrick.Football is popular.It cuts through cultural barriers irrespective of the
country it is played in.By increasing the trees planted per goal ，with more such initiatives
springing up，even more will be grown.
Like a seed，best ideas start small and change into something that can become far larger than
anticipated.While Lesein continues planting 11 trees per goal，Kenyan government is aiming to
ensure the planting of 1.8 billion trees to reach 10% forest coverage.The science behind is clear：if
900 million hectares are devoted to half a trillion trees，the world can offset(抵消) half of all
carbon released since 1960.
5．What gave Lesein the idea of launching the project?A．Release of too much CO .
2
B．Dream of motivating others.
C．Passion for sports and nature.
D．Habit of exercising in the woods.
6．What did Lesein do in 2020?
A．He created a blog for WWF.
B．He multiplied his commitment.
C．He planted one tree for each goal.
D．He extended his work to other teams.
7．What do the underlined words “own goal”in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Aim that is intended to achieve.
B．Action that harms one’s own interests.
C．Pursuit toward which effort is directed.
D．Goal that is scored for the opposing team.
8．What can we learn from Lesein’s story?
A．United，we win.
B．No pains，no gains.
C．Love me，love my dog.
D．Small deeds，big difference.
C
A computer programme can identify breast cancer from routine scans with greater accuracy
than human experts，some researchers said.They hoped what they developed could prove a
breakthrough in the fight against the global killer.
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women，with more than 2 million new
diagnoses last year alone.Regular screening is vital in detecting the earliest signs of the disease in
patients who show no obvious symptoms.
In Britain，women over 50 are advised to get an examination of the breast every three
years，the results of which are analyzed by two independent experts.But interpreting the scans
leaves room for error，and a small percentage of all mammograms(乳房X光检查) either return a
false positive—misdiagnosing a healthy patient as having cancer—or false negative—missing the
disease as it spreads.
Now researchers at Google Health have trained an artificial intelligence model to detect cancer
in breast scans from thousands of women in Britain and the United States.The images had already
been reviewed by doctors in real life but unlike in a clinical setting，the machine had no patient
history to inform its diagnoses.The team found that their AI model could predict breast cancer from
the scans with a similar accuracy level to expert radiographers.
Further，the AI showed a reduction in the proportion of cases where cancer was incorrectlyidentified—5.7 percent in the US and 1.2 percent in Britain，respectively.It also reduced the
percentage of missed diagnoses by 9.4 percent among US patients and by 2.7 percent in Britain.
“The earlier you identify a breast cancer，the better it is for the patient，”Dominic King，
the UK lead at Google Health，told AFP.“We think about this technology in a way that supports
and enables an expert，or a patient ultimately，to get the best outcome from whatever diagnostics
they’ve had.”
9．What is of great importance in discovering breast cancer at an early stage?
A．Daily scanning.
B．Human experts.
C．Regular screening.
D．A computer program.
10．What can we infer about breast cancer from the third paragraph?
A．It may be connected with age.
B．It can be cured in most cases.
C．The patients tend to be negative.
D．It is frequently misdiagnosed.
11．What’s Dominic King’s attitude toward the new technology?
A．Skeptical. B．Cautious.
C．Favorable. D．Indifferent.
12．What’s the text mainly about?
A．Regular screening is important for women who are over 50.
B．The earlier you identify a breast cancer the better the result is.
C．Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women.
D．AI is more powerful than experts in diagnosing breast cancer.
Ⅱ.七选五
Just as a philosopher says，I think，therefore I am.However，when it comes to effective
teaching and learning informed by cognitive science—the science of the mind—it’s perhaps more
appropriate to say： 1 So，what does effortful thinking look like? Here，we explore two
modes of effortful thinking，or digging deep.
2 If you were building a well，would you spend five minutes digging a shallow hole and
then call it a day，or would you spend time and effort digging continuously until you struck water?
I think we can all agree that digging deeper for longer would be best. 3 The longer and more
effortfully we think about something，the more durable its “memory trace”will be and the more
accessible that information will become.
If you want learning to be connected，try digging like an archaeologist.Imagine you are on an
archaeological dig，carefully unearthing the remains of an ancient city.For instance，rather thansimply labeling an item “spoon”，you would instead tag it as “an iron spoon，probably made
for a child”. You know that organizing items in this way is crucial if you want other archaeologists
and researchers to identify and make sense of the antique by its parts (child，iron) and connect it to
their own work. 4
So ， in order to promote your deep ， effortful thinking ， you’d better use
“how/why”questions that invite connections between things and push for the principle behind an
idea.Besides，consider “what if...”questions that break the surface features of an idea and invite
a consideration of its underlying characteristics. 5 Lengthen the duration of effortful thinking
by keeping yourself at the site of thought for longer.
A．I think deeply，therefore I learn.
B．Thinking deeply often depends on the questions we ask.
C．If you want learning to be durable，try digging a well.
D．Add more tags for others to understand and access later.
E．It’s also of great importance not to move on too quickly.
F．You’d better go on with what you are working on rapidly.
G．It turns out the same is true for how we remember things.
