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选择性必修第四册 UNIT 12 INNOVATION(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A(★)
(2022·全国乙，C)
Can a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and，at
the same time，help railway operators save billions of euros each year？That is the very likely
future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of
kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.They could do precisely
the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the
correct position of railway tracks and switching points.The more regularly they can be inspected，
the more railway safety，reliability and on-time performance will be improved.Costs would be cut
and operations would be more efficient(高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel
safety.It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on
maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，often at night，to inspect and repair the rail
infrastructure.That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’
efforts.
By using the latest technologies，drones could also start providing higher-value services for
railways，detecting faults in the rail or switches，before they can cause any safety problems.To
perform these tasks，drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead.Engineers are now working
on a new concept：the rail drones of the future.They will be moving on the track ahead of the
train，and programmed to run autonomously.Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and
travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.With their ability to see ahead，they
could signal any problem，so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
1．What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?
A．The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B．Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C．The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D．Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
2．What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Personnel safety. B．Assistance from drones.
C．Inspection and repair. D．Construction of infrastructure.
3．What function is expected of the rail drones?A．To provide early warning. B．To make trains run automatically.
C．To earn profits for the crews. D．To accelerate transportation.
4．Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B．How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C．What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D．How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
B
Timothy was exhausted for he worked extended hours.Although earning a low wage and
handling ill-mannered customers，he always put serving those who sat at his tables well on the
front burner of his mind.He went about his daily duties carefully，putting on a smiling face as
customers complained about the food or questioned the bill.
Usually as night deepened preparing to close the business，he would notice a couple of
customers walk in，sit down and order drinks.Most of the crew had left by closing time，but
Timothy stayed to serve.Eventually，the last round was ordered and he gave them the bill.The
minimum tip was suggested on the receipt.“Tomorrow will be better，” he murmured.
But luck wouldn’t always smile on him.Evening approaching，a group of teenagers stepped
in.Thankfully，they were polite and respectful.Their cheerful behavior began to affect him.As
always，he did his best to make their dining experience a pleasant one.
Time dragged on and they finished their drinks.He placed the bill on the table，accompanied
with some candies.The group placed their notes on the receipt and left smiling.When he returned to
clear the table，he was astonished.A tip of $3 was sitting there，staring at him，but their total bill
amounted to $100.He’d gone above and beyond to serve them.How could they be so rude?
Later that week，he battled to brush off the awkward memories.He arrived at work and
expected it to be like any other day，but there was something left on the desk for him，a two-page
handwritten letter from the teenagers with $18 attached，in which they explained they were
unaware of how to tip appropriately due to it being their first time in this bar.Everything suddenly
made sense.
Timothy thumbed up what they did with a big grin and he was so moved by their gesture that
he uploaded a picture of the letter sharing their admirable efforts.The reaction was more than
positive.
5．What did Timothy focus on in his job?
A．Getting more tips. B．Working longer hours.
C．Providing better service. D．Being a nicer colleague.
6．What made the teenagers leave a tip of $3?
A．Dissatisfaction with the drinks. B．Ignorance of the tipping culture.
C．Gratefulness to Timothy. D．Misunderstanding of the bill.7．Which of the following best describes Timothy?
A．Patient and humorous. B．Positive and devoted.
C．Generous and tolerant. D．Ambitious and creative.
8．What can we learn from the teenagers?
A．One good turn deserves another. B．Actions speak louder than words.
C．Apologies make for harmony. D．It’s good to make things right.
C
Amazingly for the British，who love queues，there is no formal line-up.The bar staff are
skilled at knowing whose turn it is.You are permitted to try to attract attention，but there are rules
about how to do this.Do not call out，tap coins on the counter，or wave like a drowning
swimmer.Do not sigh or roll your eyes.And whatever you do，do not ring the bell hanging behind
the counter.This is used by the landlord to signal closing time.The key thing is to catch the bar
workers’ eyes.You could also hold an empty glass or some money，but do not wave them
about.Do adopt an expectant，hopeful，even slightly anxious facial expression.If you look too
complacent，the bar staff may assume you are already being served.
Always say “please” and try to avoid some of the British bar staff’s annoyance.They do
not like people to keep others waiting while they make up their minds.They don’t like people
standing against the bar when there are a lot of customers wanting for service.And they do not like
people who wait until the end of the order and ask for such drinks as Guinness Stout which take
considerably longer to pour than other drinks.
One Dutch tourist who spent six months visiting 800 of Britain’s 61,000 bars and
interviewing 50 bar workers and more than 1,000 customers said，“I can’t understand how the
British ever manage to buy themselves a drink.” But they do，and if you follow these tips you
should be able to do so，too.
Speaking of tips，you should never offer the bar staff cash.The correct behavior is to offer
them a drink.Bars pride themselves on their equal atmosphere.A tip in cash would be a reminder of
their service role.However，the offer of a drink is a friendly gesture.
9．What does the underlined word “complacent” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Contented. B．Worried. C．Polite. D．Annoyed.
10．How should customers attract the bar staff’s attention?
A．To tap coins on the counter.
B．To hold an empty glass or some money.
C．To wave like drowning swimmers.
D．To ring the bell hanging behind the counter.
11．What does the writer suggest people do in bars?
A．Correct bar staff’s misbehaviors. B．Tip bar staff in cash.
C．Offer people present a drink. D．Help to maintain the equal atmosphere.12．Which column might the passage be taken from?
A．Health. B．Culture. C．Economy. D．Politics.
Ⅱ.七选五(★)
5G mobile technology has officially begun rolling out across the globe，which indicates a
dynamic acceleration(加速) in our world of connectivity.It promotes operational cooperation
tourism hasn’t experienced before. 1 This is perceived from both the way the industry
operates and the side of the traveler.
2 It’s expected to offer organizations a wireless network that transforms the way
people and machines use data.Unlike previous network generations,5G is now being seen as not
just a consumer platform，but a primary communications platform that can also provide cloud
connectivity and edge processing that can offer real-time business insights and automated
responses，and eventually integrate the billions of Internet of Things(物联网) devices and data
that are available.
As travel companies have transformed their operations with new digital systems，their focus
has moved from the technology itself to the improved business outcomes and enhanced guest and
passenger experiences driven by the technology. 3 With advanced connectivity speeds and low
latency(延时)，guests can share their personal data to receive custom recommendations from
travel companies in real time that should provide meaningful experiences. 4 For example，
guests can involve themselves in viewing rooms and hotel facilities，or preview local attractions as
they plan their trips.
To prepare to roll out this new technology，travel companies should ensure they have a
thorough understanding of their guests’ expectations on what makes a first-rank travel
experience. 5
A．It also transforms the travel experience.
B．5G’s capabilities can support that change.
C．5G offers significant security guarantee definitely.
D．However，people haven’t got well prepared for the 5G era.
E．Virtual experiences give guests an early taste of the destination.
F．Then they should find ways to adapt their processes and services to meet them.
G．5G opens up a new way of accessing information and delivering business value.
