文档内容
2026
人教版英语八下单元重点知识
Unit 6 Crossing Cultures 单元重点知识
一、词汇巩固
（一）核心名词（文化礼仪 & 习俗相关）
1. custom /ˈkʌstəm/ (n.) 习俗；风俗
例：Different countries have different customs—for example, people in Japan bow to greet
others, while people in the US usually shake hands.（不同国家有不同习俗 —— 比如
日本人鞠躬问候，而美国人通常握手。）单元围绕 “跨文化习俗差异” 展开，该词
是主题核心载体。
2. manner /ˈmænə(r)/ (n.) 方式；（pl. ）礼仪
例：Table manners are important in cross-cultural communication—using serving
chopsticks in China is a polite manner.（餐桌礼仪在跨文化交流中很重要 —— 在中国
使用公筷是礼貌的礼仪。）
3. greeting /ˈɡriːtɪŋ/ (n.) 问候；招呼
例：“Namaste” is a traditional greeting in India, where people press their palms together
and bow.（“Namaste” 是印度的传统问候语，人们会双手合十并鞠躬。）
4. occasion /əˈkeɪʒn/ (n.) 场合；重大活动
例：You should dress nicely for a formal occasion like a French party, instead of wearing
casual clothes like shorts.（参加法国派对这类正式场合，你应该穿得得体，而不是穿
短裤等休闲服装。）
5. impression /ɪmˈpreʃn/ (n.) 印象
例：First impressions are so important that you should pay attention to your manners
when meeting people from other cultures.（第一印象非常重要，所以和其他文化背景
的人见面时，你应该注意自己的礼仪。）
6. curry /ˈkʌri/ (n.) 咖喱菜
例：Curry is a popular food in India, but you should use your right hand to eat it instead of
your left hand—it’s a local custom.（咖喱是印度的流行食物，但你应该用右手而不是
左手吃，这是当地习俗。）
（二）重点动词（文化交流 & 礼仪行为）2026
人教版英语八下单元重点知识
1. greet /ɡriːt/ (v.) 问候；招呼
例：People in France usually greet friends by kissing their cheeks, while people in the UK
often greet each other with a “hello” or a hug.（法国人通常通过亲吻脸颊问候朋友，而
英国人常以 “你好” 或拥抱打招呼。）
2. embarrass /ɪmˈbærəs/ (v.) 使尴尬；使难堪
例：Nancy was embarrassed when she arrived early at a French party—she didn’t know
it’s normal to be a few minutes late there.（南希提前到达法国派对时感到很尴尬 ——
她不知道在那里迟到几分钟是正常的。）
3. congratulate /kənˈɡrætʃuleɪt/ (v.) 祝贺
例：We usually congratulate people on important occasions like weddings or birthdays, but
the way to do it varies across cultures.（我们通常在婚礼、生日等重要场合祝贺他人，
但方式因文化而异。）
4. avoid /əˈvɔɪd/ (v.) 避免；防止
例：In France, you should avoid asking personal questions like age or income unless you
know the person well.（在法国，除非你很了解对方，否则应避免问年龄、收入等私人
问题。）
5. receive /rɪˈsiːv/ (v.) 收到；接纳
例：When you receive a gift in China, it’s polite to open it later instead of opening it
immediately.（在中国收到礼物时，稍后打开而不是立即打开是礼貌的做法。）
6. adapt /əˈdæpt/ (v.) 适应
例：It takes time to adapt to new cultures, but learning about local customs can make the
process easier.（适应新文化需要时间，但了解当地习俗能让这个过程更顺利。）
（三）关键形容词（文化特征 & 感受）
1. formal /ˈfɔːml/ (adj.) 正式的
例：Bow is a formal greeting in Japan, which is usually used when meeting teachers or
elders.（鞠躬在日本是正式的问候方式，通常用于见到老师或长辈时。）
2. embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ (adj.) 尴尬的
例：Ji-Hoon felt embarrassed when Marie kissed his cheek—he wasn’t used to this
greeting in his culture.（当玛丽亲吻智勋的脸颊时，他感到很尴尬 —— 他不习惯自
己文化中的这种问候方式。）
3. confused /kənˈfjuːzd/ (adj.) 困惑的2026
人教版英语八下单元重点知识
例：Hongli was confused about English table manners at first—she didn’t know how to
use a knife and fork properly.（起初，红丽对英国餐桌礼仪感到困惑 —— 她不知道
如何正确使用刀叉。）
4. polite /pəˈlaɪt/ (adj.) 礼貌的
例：It’s polite to bring a small gift like chocolates when attending a French party, as a way
to thank the host.（参加法国派对时带巧克力等小礼物是礼貌的，这是感谢主人的一
种方式。）
5. casual /ˈkæʒuəl/ (adj.) 随意的；休闲的
例：Wearing jeans and a T-shirt is casual, which is suitable for a picnic but not for a
formal party.（穿牛仔裤和 T 恤很随意，适合野餐但不适合正式派对。）
6. cultural /ˈkʌltʃərəl/ (adj.) 与文化有关的；文化的
例：Cultural differences can lead to misunderstandings, so it’s important to learn about
other cultures before communicating.（文化差异可能导致误解，所以交流前了解其他
文化很重要。）
二、词形变换
1. embarrass (v. 使尴尬) → embarrassed (adj. 感到尴尬的) → embarrassing (adj. 令
人尴尬的) → embarrassment (n. 尴尬)
例：Marie’s kiss embarrassed Ji-Hoon in front of others.（玛丽的亲吻让智勋在众人面
前很尴尬。）
Ji-Hoon felt embarrassed when he didn’t know the local greeting.（当智勋不知道当地的
问候方式时，他感到很尴尬。）
It was an embarrassing moment when Nancy arrived early at the French party.（南希提前
到达法国派对的场景很令人尴尬。）
She tried to hide her embarrassment after making a mistake in table manners.（在餐桌礼
仪上出错后，她试图掩饰自己的尴尬。）
2. confuse (v. 使困惑) → confused (adj. 感到困惑的) → confusing (adj. 令人困惑的)
→ confusion (n. 困惑)
例：Different table manners in different countries often confuse visitors.（不同国家的餐
桌礼仪常让访客感到困惑。）
Hongli was confused about how to use a knife and fork at a UK dinner.（在英国的晚
餐上，红丽不知道如何用刀叉，感到很困惑。）2026
人教版英语八下单元重点知识
English table manners can be confusing for people from countries that use chopsticks.（对
于用筷子的国家的人来说，英国餐桌礼仪可能很令人困惑。）
There was some confusion when Kaito bowed to Anna—she didn’t expect this greeting.
（当海斗向安娜鞠躬时，出现了一些困惑 —— 她没料到这种问候方式。）
3. polite (adj. 礼 貌 的 ) → politely (adv. 礼 貌 地 ) → impolite (adj. 不 礼 貌
的 ) → politeness (n. 礼貌)
例：It’s polite to say “thank you” when receiving a gift in most cultures.（在大多数文化
中，收到礼物时说 “谢谢” 是礼貌的。）
He greeted the teacher politely by bowing.（他通过鞠躬礼貌地问候老师。）
It’s impolite to point at people in many Asian countries.（在很多亚洲国家，指着别人是
不礼貌的。）
Politeness is important in cross-cultural communication to show respect.（礼貌在跨文化
交流中很重要，是表达尊重的方式。）
4. formal (adj. 正式的) → formally (adv. 正式地) → informal (adj. 非正式的)
例：A business meeting is a formal occasion, so you should dress nicely.（商务会议是正
式场合，所以你应该穿得得体。）
They greeted each other formally with a handshake at the meeting.（他们在会议上以握手
正式问候彼此。）
Chatting with friends over coffee is an informal activity, so casual clothes are suitable.
（和朋友喝咖啡聊天是非正式活动，所以穿休闲服装合适。）
5. culture (n. 文化) → cultural (adj. 文化的) → culturally (adv. 在文化上) → culture
shock (短语：文化冲击)
例：Chinese culture has a long history of traditions like using chopsticks.（中国文化有
使用筷子等悠久的传统。）
Cultural differences can sometimes cause misunderstandings.（文化差异有时会导致误
解。）
Culturally, red symbolizes luck in China but danger in some Western countries.（从文化
角度看，红色在中国象征幸运，但在一些西方国家象征危险。）
Many people experience culture shock when they first live in a foreign country.（很多人
第一次在国外生活时会经历文化冲击。）
三、重点短语2026
人教版英语八下单元重点知识
1. shake hands 握手
例：People in the US usually shake hands when they meet for the first time.（美国人第一
次见面时通常握手。）
2. table manners 餐桌礼仪
例：Hongli asked Sam about English table manners, like how to use a knife and fork
properly.（红丽向山姆请教英国餐桌礼仪，比如如何正确使用刀叉。）
3. first impression 第一印象
例：First impression is so important that you should pay attention to your greeting and
dressing when meeting foreigners.（第一印象非常重要，所以和外国人见面时，你应
该注意问候方式和着装。）
4. bring a gift 带礼物
例：When attending a French party, you should bring a small gift like flowers or
chocolates to thank the host.（参加法国派对时，你应该带鲜花、巧克力等小礼物感谢
主人。）
5. dress for the occasion 着装与场合匹配
例：Nancy learned to dress for the occasion—she wears nice clothes to French parties
instead of casual shorts.（南希学会了着装与场合匹配 —— 她穿得体的衣服参加法
国派对，而不是休闲短裤。）
6. avoid doing sth 避免做某事
例：In India, you should avoid using your left hand to eat or pass things, as it’s considered
impolite.（在印度，你应该避免用左手吃饭或递东西，因为这被认为是不礼貌的。）
7. get used to 习惯于
例：It took Ji-Hoon a few weeks to get used to the greeting customs in France, like kissing
cheeks.（智勋花了几周时间才习惯法国的问候习俗，比如亲吻脸颊。）
8. according to 根据；按照
例：According to Chinese customs, it’s polite to wait for older people to start eating first.
（按照中国习俗，等长辈先动筷是礼貌的做法。）
9. in public 在公共场合
例：It’s rude to speak loudly in public in many cultures, so you should keep your voice
down.（在很多文化中，公共场合大声说话是粗鲁的，所以你应该压低声音。）
四、重点句型2026
人教版英语八下单元重点知识
1. 描述不同国家的习俗（国家 + 习俗 + 方式）：In [country], people usually + 习俗
动作 (e.g., greet each other by.../eat with...).
例：In Japan, people usually greet each other by bowing, especially when meeting teachers.
（在日本，人们通常通过鞠躬问候彼此，尤其是见到老师时。）In India, people usually
eat with their right hands instead of using a knife and fork.（在印度，人们通常用右手吃
饭，而不是用刀叉。）
2. 提出跨文化交流建议（should/shouldn’t + 行为）：When communicating with
people from [culture], you should + 恰当行为. / You shouldn’t + 不当行为.
例：When communicating with people from France, you should arrive on time or a few
minutes late for a party.（和法国人交流时，参加派对你应该准时或晚几分钟到。）
You shouldn’t ask personal questions like age or income when talking to French people.
（和法国人聊天时，不要问年龄、收入等私人问题。）
3. 表达文化差异导致的感受（sb. felt + 情绪 + because + 文化差异）：Sb. felt
[emotion] because [cultural difference], e.g., they weren’t used to...
例：Ji-Hoon felt embarrassed because Marie kissed his cheek—he wasn’t used to this
greeting in his culture.（智勋感到尴尬，因为玛丽亲吻了他的脸颊 —— 他不习惯自
己文化中的这种问候方式。）Hongli felt confused because she didn’t know how to use a
knife and fork at a UK dinner.（红丽感到困惑，因为在英国的晚餐上她不知道如何用
刀叉。）
4. 解释习俗的原因（习俗 + because + 文化意义）：People in [country] + 习俗动作 +
because + 文化意义 (e.g., it symbolizes.../it’s a way to...).
例：People in China use red decorations during festivals because it symbolizes good luck
and happiness.（中国人在节日期间用红色装饰，因为红色象征幸运和快乐。）People
in India avoid eating beef because cows are considered special and sacred.（印度人不吃
牛肉，因为牛被认为是特殊且神圣的。）
5. 对比不同文化的异同（A 文化 + 习俗，while B 文化 + 习俗）：In [Culture A],
people + 习俗 A, while in [Culture B], people + 习俗 B. They are the same
/different
because...
例：In China, people usually open gifts later, while in the US, people often open gifts
immediately. They are different because of different ideas about gift-giving.（在中国，
人们通常稍后打开礼物，而在美国，人们常立即打开礼物。这种差异源于对送礼的
不同理解。）In both China and the UK, it’s polite to say “thank you” when receiving a
gift. They are the same because gratitude is valued in most cultures.（在中国和英国，收
到礼物时说 “谢谢” 都是礼貌的。这种相同源于大多数文化都重视感恩。）2026
人教版英语八下单元重点知识
6. 表达文化适应的过程（at first + 困难，but later + 适应）：At first, sb. + 文化适应
困难 (e.g., felt confused /couldn’t get used to...), but later, sb. + 适应 结果
(e.g., learned to.../got used to...).
例：At first, Nancy felt lonely and confused in France, but later, she learned about local
customs and made friends.（起初，南希在法国感到孤独和困惑，但后来她了解了当地
习俗并交到了朋友。）At first, Kaito couldn’t get used to shaking hands in the US, but
later, he learned it’s an informal greeting and accepted it.（起初，海斗不习惯在美国握
手，但后来他了解到这是一种非正式问候并接受了它。）
7. 使用连词 so...that 描述文化习俗的影响（习俗 + so...that + 结果）：In [country],
[custom] is so + 特征 (e.g., important /common) that + 具体结果.
例：In Japan, bowing is so important that people practice it to show respect to different
people (like elders or teachers) .In France, being on time for parties is so common that
arriving early can make the host feel uncomfortable .（该句型直接呼应单元语法重点
“so...that 引导结果状语从句” ，结合日本鞠躬、法国派对时间等文档中明确提及的
习俗，体现习俗的重要性及影响。）
8. 使用连词 unless 说明文化禁忌（允许的行为 + unless + 例外情况）：You can + 允
许的行为 (e.g., ask personal questions /use first names) in [country] unless + 例外条
件 (e.g., you don’t know the person well).
例：You can ask French people about food or culture unless you don’t know them
well—personal topics like age are not allowed .You can use someone’s first name in
Mexico unless the person doesn’t invite you to do so.（该句型贴合文档中 “文化禁忌与
例外” 的内容，如法国的私人话题禁忌、墨西哥的称呼习俗，是单元语法 “unless
引导条件状语从句” 的典型应用。）
9. 使用连词 as soon as 描述文化交流中的即时反应（动作 + as soon as + 触发场
景）：
People in [country] + 即时动作 (e.g., bow /kiss cheeks) as soon as + 触发场景 (e.g.,
they meet a teacher /see a friend).
例：People in Japan bow as soon as they meet a teacher—it’s a formal greeting
custom .You will feel the importance of using French in Paris as soon as you talk to
locals—even a “merci” helps build closer relationships.（该句型结合文档中日本的问候
反应、法国的语言尊重等场景，体现 “as soon as 引导时间状语从句” 在文化交流中
的应用，突出习俗的即时性。）
10. 描述文化符号的不同含义（符号 + means...in A culture, while + 符号 + means...in B
culture）：[Symbol, e.g., red /dragons] means + 含义 A in [Culture A], while it
means + 含义 B in [Culture B].2026
人教版英语八下单元重点知识
例：Red means good luck in Chinese culture, while it means danger in many Western
cultures .Dragons mean monsters in Western stories, while they mean power and good
fortune in Chinese culture .（该句型直接对应文档中 “文化符号差异” 的内容，如红
色、龙的象征意义对比，帮助理解跨文化中符号的不同解读，避免误解。）
五、重点语法
（一）连词 so...that, unless, as soon as（单元核心语法）
1. so...that（引导结果状语从句）
. 用法：表示 “如此 … … 以至于 … …” ，前接形容词 / 副词，后接结果，强调习
俗或行为带来的具体影响，文档中多次用于描述文化习俗的重要性。
例：English table manners are so confusing that Hongli felt worried before the UK
dinner .Chinese dragons are so popular that you can see them on vases, buildings
2
and even jewellery .
. 注意：so 后接形容词 / 副词，与 “such...that” 区分（such 后接名词短语），文档
语法部分明确对比两者用法 。
2. unless（引导条件状语从句）
. 用法：表示 “除非；如果不”，相当于 “if not”，用于说明文化中的 “允许行为” 与
“例外禁忌” ，文档中多涉及私人话题、称呼等场景。
例：People in Turkive don’t kiss one another on the cheek unless they are good
friends .You shouldn’t bring food to a UK dinner unless the host asks you to .
5
. 句式转换：可将 “unless 从句” 改为 “if not 从句” ，如 “You can’t use first names
in Mexico if the person doesn’t invite you”。
3. as soon as（引导时间状语从句）
. 用法：表示 “ 一 … … 就 … …” ，用于描述文化交流中 “场景触发即时动作” ，强
调习俗的即时性，文档中常见于问候、语言使用等场景。
例：As soon as Kaito met Anna, he bowed—he forgot the US uses handshakes .As soon
as you arrive in France, you’ll find using French helps you get along with locals .2026
人教版英语八下单元重点知识
. 时态规则：主句用一般将来时 / 情态动词时，从句用一般现在时（如 “As soon as
you visit India, you should learn ‘Namaste’”），文档语法部分明确该规则 。
（二）-ed/-ing 形容词（描述感受与事物特征）
1. 核心区别
. -ed 形容词：描述 “人感受到的情绪”，如 embarrassed（感到尴尬的）、confused
（感到困惑的），文档中多用于人物的文化冲击体验。
例：Ji-Hoon felt embarrassed when Marie kissed his cheek—he wasn’t used to the French
greeting .Hongli was confused about using a knife and fork at the UK dinner .
16 2
. -ing 形容词：描述 “事物 / 场景引发的感受” ，如 embarrassing（令人尴尬
的）、 confusing（令人困惑的），文档中用于描述文化习俗的特征。
例：Arriving early at a French party is embarrassing for both the guest and the host
.UK table manners are confusing for people who use chopsticks .
6 2
2. 常见搭配
-ed 形容词 搭配主语（人） 文档例句
Ji-Hoon felt embarrassed about the
embarrassed Ji-Hoon, Nancy
cheek kiss
confused Hongli, Anna Anna was confused by Kaito’s bow
surprised Anna, the host Anna was surprised by Kaito’s bow
-ing 形容词 搭配主语（事物 / 场景） 文档例句
The early arrival was embarrassing
embarrassing arriving early, cheek kiss
for Nancy
English table manners are
confusing table manners, customs
confusing
Kaito’s bow was surprising for
surprising bow, greeting
Anna
（三）否定前缀 un- /im-/in-（单元词汇重点）2026
人教版英语八下单元重点知识
1. 构成与文档高频词
. un-：加在形容词前，表 “不 … …” ，文档中常见词：unsafe（不安全的）、
uncommon （不常见的）、unpolite（不礼貌的）。
例：Using left hand to eat in India is unpolite .Beef dishes are uncommon in India
because cows are special .
. im- / in-：加在以 “p/m/b” 开头或 “n/l/r” 开头的形容词前，表 “不 … …” ，文档中
常
见词：improper（不恰当的）、informal（非正式的）、impolite（不礼貌的）。
例：Wearing shorts to a French party is improper .Shaking hands is informal in
Japan—bowing is formal .
2. 用法注意
. 部分形容词否定前缀唯一，如 “formal” 否定式为 “informal”（不用 “unformal”），
“proper” 否定式为 “improper”（不用 “unproper”），文档 Vocabulary in Use 部分明
确该规则。
. 否 定 形 容词在句 子 中 多用 于描述 “ 文 化禁 忌 行 为 ” ， 如 “impolite
to point at people”“improper to wear casual clothes” ，帮助判断行为恰当性 。
