文档内容
衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
目录
目录...............................................................................................................................................................................1
专题 01 语法填空.......................................................................................................................................................3
专题 02 完形填空.....................................................................................................................................................44
专题 03 阅读理解I...................................................................................................................................................86
专题 04 阅读理解II...............................................................................................................................................140
专题 05 阅读理解III..............................................................................................................................................202
专题 06 阅读理解IV..............................................................................................................................................303
专题 07 阅读理解V...............................................................................................................................................324
专题 08 阅读填空...................................................................................................................................................337
专题 09 短文改错...................................................................................................................................................357
专题 10 书面表达（I、II、III卷模式）..............................................................................................................372
专题 11 新高考应用文写作...................................................................................................................................398
专题 12 读后续写...................................................................................................................................................420
专题 13 概要写作...................................................................................................................................................437
1/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
专题 语法填空
1
考点1冠词、代词、介词等小品词
【构建知识体系】
【命题解读】
新课标 要求 命题评价解读
《普通高中英语课程
语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语
标准(实验)》明确指出：高
法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变
中学生应该学习和掌握的 考查考生对
形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和
英语语言基础知识包括语 语法、词汇和语
语境化特征。
用知识的掌握情
音、词汇、语法、功能和
况。
话题等五个方面的内容(教
育部)。
【剖析全国高考真题】
考点一 冠词、代词、介词等小品词
（1）冠词
1. 【全国 II】The plum trees are 70. _____first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the
promiseofspringandarenewaloflife.
3/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。序数词前用定冠词修饰。故填定冠词the。句意：即使雪正在融化，李树还是最先开花的。
2.【海南】TheDigitalWorldisasetofvolumestoaimtodescribehowdigitalsystemsinfluencesocietyandhelp
readersunderstandthenatureofdigitalsystemsandtheirmanyinteractingparts.Eachvolumeinthesetexplores_____
widerangeofmaterial,explainsthebasicconceptsofmajorapplicationsofdigitalsystems,anddiscussesthe
influencestheyhaveoneverydaylife.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。句意：系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料，解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念，并讨论了
他们对日常生活的影响。arangeof一套；一系列。wide是以辅音音素发音开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
3.【新课标I】Of______ nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,sixarestable,oneis
increasing,andninelackenoughdata.
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。句意：在已知的19个北
极熊亚种群中，3个数量在下降，6个稳定，1个在增加，其他9个没有充足数据。
4.【浙江】Everybodywears_____samestyleofclothes.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。句意：每个人都穿相
同风格的衣服。
5【. 全国Ⅱ】Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover___62___past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly
7percent.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。故特指在过去的25年里。故填the。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大
米只增长了7%。
6.【全国Ⅲ】Unexpectedly,I'mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat____62____topofherlungs.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语atthetopof，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。故填the。句意：意想不到的
的是，我面对面地和大猩猩在一起，他们开始以最大的肺活量喊叫。
（2）代词
1.【山东】As well as looking atexhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine ______
(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryorwalkingthrougharainforest.
4/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【答案】themselves
【解析】考查反身代词。句意：除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史
时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
2. 【新课标I】Dataaboutthemoon’scomposition,suchashowmuchiceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelp
Chinadecidewhether______(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.
【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。此处指“它未来的月球基地计划是否可行”,plans是名词,此处应该使用形容词性物主代词its
起限定作用。
3. 【海南】Readersareencouragedtocontinueexploringthedigitalworldwiththeguidanceof_______（we）Further
Resourcessectionfeaturedineachvolume.
【答案】our
【解析】考查代词。句意：我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。修饰名词
FurtherResourcessection，前用形容词性物主代词。故填our。
4.【北京】IknowIwillwhisperto______(I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.
【答案】myself
【解析】考查反身代词，此处用作宾语，表示对自己低声说，所以用“myself”。
5.【天津】3.Astudyshowsthestudentswhoareengagedinafter-schoolactivitiesarehappierthan_________whoare
not.
【答案】those/theones
【解析】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词
与thestudents是对应关系，可以用theones或者those替代。故填those/theones。
6.【全国I】Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhaps
weshouldallgive______atry.
【答案】it或running
【解析】考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处giveitatry意为：试试。此处it可以指running。
故填it或running。
7 【全国III】WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind________(they)alive.
【答案】them
【解析】考查代词。此处做find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。
8. 【浙江】Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how
5/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
cheap______canbetoeatout.
【答案】it
【解析】考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是itcanbecheaptoeatout.其中不定式toeatout是真正主
语，用it 是形式主语。故填it。
（3）介词
1.【新课标II】Oranges:Orangetreesaremore______decoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.
【答案】than
【解析】考查短语。句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；morethan不仅仅，不只是。故填than。
2.【新课标II】Bambooplantsareassociated______health,abundanceandahappyhome.
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词。associate…with… 意为“把……与……联系起来”,是固定搭配。故填with。
3.【新课标III】Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(谦卑)bythegreatestartist________earth,MotherNature.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在
世界上”短语为onearth。故填on。
4.【山东】Museumsmustcompete______people’ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:competefor，
意为“为了……竞争”。故填for。
5【. 浙江】Sometimeafter10，000BC，peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived_____，through
agriculture.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分
析可知，“theylived_____”应是之前名词theworld 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在
从句中作宾语，即：theylivedintheworld.livein+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
6.【新课标I】Modemmethods______trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,
andareexpensivetoperform (perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.
【答案】of/for
【解析】考查介词用法。此处trackingpolarbearpopulations作Modernmethods的定语，用of 连接，“methodsof
doingsth.”,意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
6/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
7.【新课标III】Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack______dogs，seventobeexact.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。“apackof”意为“一群”。故填of。
8.【浙江8】Butcanuniformshelpimproveschoolstandards?Theanswer______thisquestionisnotclear.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。thekey/answerto...这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。
故填to。
9.【北京】Firstcelebrated___5___1970，theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions(地区).
【答案】 in
【解析】 in 考查介词的用法，年份前面应该加介词in。
10.【全国III】Iwassearching______thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI'dbeenobserving.Noonehadseenthem
forhours,andmycolleaguesandIwereworried.
【答案】for
【解析】考查动词短语搭配。searchfor是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大
猩猩。
11. 【浙江】 Ifyouarenotgoingtosufferthisproblem,thenIsuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmum’shome
______dinner,getafewcookingtipsfromher.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示目的用介词for，故填for。
【精讲研法】
考点一 冠词、代词、介词等小品词
（1）冠词
【做题实践中找规律】
【例1】MyauntCarmeletawas_____wifeofmymother’syoungestbrotherFred.EventhoughmyuncleFreddied
manyyearsagoandAuntCarmeletaisnowmarriedtoKen,Istillconsiderhermyaunt.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：我的舅妈Carmeleta是我妈妈最小的弟弟Fred的妻子。wife此处特指“我妈妈最小的
弟弟Fred的妻子”，前面应用定冠词。故填the。
【例2】Infact,theyhavebecome_______particularthreat:AstudypublishedinPediatricsfoundthattheyare
responsiblefor11percentofpooldrowningsamongchildrenunder5.
7/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。句意：事实上，它们已经成为一种特别的威胁:发表在《儿科学》(Pediatrics)上的一项研究
发现，在五岁以下儿童的泳池溺水事故中，有11%是由它们造成的。此处名词threat（威胁）表示泛指，应使
用不定冠词修饰，空后单词particular为辅音音素开头，故填a。
【例 3】Unlike our own breathing，which does not require any effort，marine mammals must consciously go to the
surfaceofthewaterto breathethrough ablowholeontopof theirheads.Becauseofthis，theydon'tsleepfor _______
solid8hoursanightlikewedo.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。句意：他们不会像我们一样每晚睡一个固定的8个小时。可知，此处泛指睡8个小时的固
定习惯，solid 首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
下列情况很可能填不定冠词：
(1)________+可数名词(单数)；
(2)________+形容词+可数名词(单数)。
下列情况下很可能填定冠词：
(1)________(+定语)+名词+of等介词短语(表示特指)；
(2)________(+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指)；
(3)________(+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。
【变式精讲】
【例 1】Instead, it plays ______ important role when terrible disasters occur and ground-based communications are
blocked.
【答案】an
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：相反，当发生严重灾难以及地面通讯中断时，它发挥着重要的作用。固定短语“play
animportantrole…”意为“在……中扮演重要角色/在……上发挥重要作用”。故填an。
【例2】Infact,itisbelievedthatourathleticskillsandlanguage learningskillsarelocatedin______sameareaofthe
brainandindeedthisishowchildrenlearn.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：事实上，据认为我们的运动技能和语言学习技能都处于大脑的同一个区域。thesame
是固定搭配，“同样的.”。故填the。
（2）代词
【做题实践中找规律】
【例1】Theconceptofthecrossbow（弩）developedfromanimaltraps._______isdifficulttoestablishthedateofthe
firstdevelopmentofthecrossbowasaweapon.
8/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【答案】It
【解析】考查it作形式主语。句意：很难确定首先把弩发展成武器的日期。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处是
固定句型：Itis+adj.+todosth.“做某事是......”，其中it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。故填It。
【例2】Ilearnednoteveryoneisgoingtolikeyouandthat’sOK.Justbe______(you).
【答案】yourself
【解析】考查代词。句意：做你自己。此处用所给词的反身代词形式作be的表语，表示“你自己”应用反身代词
yourself。故填yourself。
【例3】Beinghealthypeople,wearesoluckythatweshouldvaluewhatweownandtry_________(we)besttolivea
meaningfullife.Don’tyouthinkso?
【答案】our
【解析】考查代词。句意：作为一个健康的人，我们是如此的幸运，我们应该珍惜我们所拥有的，并尽最大努
力过上有意义的生活。“tryone’sbesttodosth.尽某人最大努力做某事”是固定短语。故填our。
规律方法2： 如何判断空格处应填代词？
（1）无提示词。
（2）作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格，注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。
（3）指示代词（it和this）,不定代词，it用作引导词,反身代词等。
【变式精讲】
【例1】Yougive______(you)nochoicebuttolearnitandeveryreasontolearnitwell!
【答案】yourself
【解析】考查代词。句意：你除了学它，并且学好它，别无选择。空处作give的宾语，根据句意可知此处表示
“你自己”。故填yourself。
【例2】Scientistsoftencomparecoralreefstounderwaterrainforests,yetunliketheleafyplantbaseofaforest,corals
areanimals.Thesoftorgansinsidethehardpartsofcoralsarenaturallytransparentandget________(they)famously
brilliantcolorfromalgae(藻类）livinginsidethem.
【答案】their
【解析】考查代词。句意：珊瑚中硬体部分中的软器官是天然透明的并且从生活在他们体内的藻类中得到著名
的绚烂颜色。根据句子结构可知，此处修饰名词color，故使用形容词性物主代词形式。故填their。
3、介词
【例1】WhenmyhusbandBillmetAuntCarmeleta______thefirsttime,hequestioned,“Howcouldanyonebesonice
andsoreal?”
【答案】for
9/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【解析】考查介词。句意：当我丈夫比尔第一次见到Carmeleta阿姨时，他问：“怎么会有人这么善良，这么真
实呢？”结合句意表示“第一次”可知短语为forthefirsttime。故填for。
【例2】ItistheearliesttraditionaletiquetteoftheHannationalityinChinatooffertea________guests.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意：用茶水招待客人是中国汉族最早的传统美德和礼仪。offersth.tosb.意为“给某人提供
某物”，为固定搭配。故填to。
【例3】 Learningaforeignlanguagecanbefun,andthefriendlyatmosphereofalanguageclasswillalsoprovideyou
_______ theopportunitytomeetnewpeoplewithcommoninterests.
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词/固定搭配。句意：语言课的友好氛围也会让你有机会结识志同道合的新朋友。短语providesb
withsth表示“给某人提供某物”，故填with。
规律方法3：如何判断空格处应填介词？
（1）无提示词：注意搭配问题。
（2）与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语,补语等。
（3）与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语。
【变式精讲】
【例1】Coralsarestillalivewhentheybleach(白化），butthey're_______risk-essentiallyimmunocompromised(免疫
功能低下）－andmanyeventuallystarveanddie,turningadarkbrown.
【答案】at
【解析】考查介词。句意：珊瑚白化时还活着，但他们处于危险中——主要是免疫功能不全——许多最终饿死
和死掉，变成深棕色。固定搭配atrisk，意为"处于危险中"。故填at 。
【例2】Hemadeapostertoshowhiscauseandcouldn’twaittogetstartedonhiswalkthenextdaywhenhearrived
home_____kindergarten.
【答案】from
【解析】考查介词。句意：他制作了一张海报来表达自己的诉求，第二天从幼儿园回到家时，他就迫不及待地
开始步行。根据句意，“从某地回来”用介词from。故填from。
考点2连接词
【构建知识体系】
10/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【命题解读】
新课标 要求 命题评价解读
《普通高中英语课程
语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语
标准(实验)》明确指出：高
法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变
中学生应该学习和掌握的 考查考生对
形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和
英语语言基础知识包括语 语法、词汇和语
语境化特征。
用知识的掌握情
音、词汇、语法、功能和
况。
话题等五个方面的内容(教
育部)。
【剖析全国高考真题】
考点二 连接词
（1）并列连词
1.【山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】Theykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobig_____untilthey
died,andthenitwasgiventoamuseum.
【答案】or
【解析】考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世，然后这些藏品被捐给
一家博物馆。根据语境可知，前后陈述的是两者可能性，应使用连词or:或者。故填or。
11/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
2.【海南省高考英语试卷（新高考全国II卷)】Eachvolumeinthesetexploresawiderangeofmaterial,explainsthe
basicconceptsofmajorapplicationsofdigitalsystems,_______discussestheinfluencestheyhaveoneverydaylife.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意：系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料，解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念，并讨论了
他们对日常生活的影响。前后句为并列关系，所以用连词and。故填and。
（2）状语从句的连接词
【全国III 卷】Filledwithcuriosity,theartistpackedhisbagsandleft._____heaskedthevillagersonthebanksofthe
riverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(传奇的)artist,theysmiledandpointeddowntheriver.
【答案】When/As
【解析】考查状语从句。此处是时间状语从句,意为“当……时候”,可用when或as。位于句首时首字母需要大写。
（3）名词性从句的连接词
1.【新课标I卷】Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence______theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,and
asfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为therebe句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，
解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。
2.【北京卷】Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan______theygo.
【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，
表示地点，作状语。故用where。
3.【浙江】Overthousandsofyears，theybegantodependlesson_____couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,and
moreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多
地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句
意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
（4）定语从句的关系词
1【. 新高考I卷山东卷】The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionofthe
BritishMuseum______openedin1759.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定语从句。此处是which/that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词theBritishMuseum,并在定语从句中充当
主语。
12/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
2.【新高考II卷海南卷】TheDigitalWorldisasetofvolumes_____aimtodescribehowdigitalsystemsinfluence
societyandhelpreadersunderstandthenatureofdigitalsystemsandtheirmanyinteractingparts.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：《数字世界》是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会并帮助读者理解数字系统的
本质及其众多交互部分的丛书。句中先行词为volumes，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that
引导。故填that/which。
3.【新课标Ⅲ卷】InancientChinalivedanartist______paintingswerealmostlifelike.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，
且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
4. 【新课标I卷】Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputa
satelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot______itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知,此处是一个限制性定语从句,先行词是spot,且引导词在定语从句中
作地点状语,故填关系副词where。
5【. 新课标II卷】NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield，______sheopened
withherlatehusbandLes.
【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为thepetshop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened
一词的宾语，故用which。
6.【新课标III卷】Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters______hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先
行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
7.【浙江卷】Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth______givesofflightinthedark.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that
或which引导。故填that/which。
8.【北京卷】Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose______aretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife.
【答案】who/that
13/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。______aretotally
engaged(参与)inacademiclife.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。
9. 【全国 I】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014______showed a mere five to 10
minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.
【答案】that\which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处astudy是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。
10.【全国II】TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testing
program ______ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million
tons.
【答案】 that/which
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的
句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
11. 【浙江卷】Many westerners ______ come to China cookmuch less than in their own countries oncethey realize
howcheapitcanbetoeatout.
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that
引导，故填who/that。
（5）特殊句式中的连词
暂无
【精讲研法】
考点二 连接词
（1）并列连词
【做题实践中找规律】
【例1】GrandpaAmuinsiststhatheisn'taninternetcelebrity(名人)______justanordinaryfarmer.
【答案】but
【解析】考查并列连词。句意：阿木爷爷坚持说他不是一个网红，而只是一个普通的农民。根据句意，此处是
并列结构not…but“不是……而是”。故填but。
【例2】Whencoralsexperiencestressfromhottemperaturesorpollution,theyendtheirinterdependentrelationship
withthisalgae,typicallyforcingthemout______turningwhite,thoughonerecentstudyindicatessomecoralsturna
brightneoncolorwhenstressed.Coralsarestillalivewhentheybleach(白化），butthey'reatrisk-essentially
14/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
immunocompromised(免疫功能低下）－andmanyeventuallystarveanddie,turningadarkbrown.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意：当珊瑚遭受到高温或污染，他们结束和藻类的共生关系，迫使藻类离开，珊瑚褪变
成白色。连接两个并列的现在分词形式forcing和turning，且意义表顺接，应使用并列连词and。故填and。
【例 3】In Southern China, people tend to eat longans on the day. They believe the fruit can bring good luck, make
peoplestaycalm______curesometypicalconditions.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意：他们相信水果可以带来好运，使人们保持冷静和治疗一些典型病症。结合前后文语
境可知上文“bringgood luck, make peoplestay calm”与后文“curesome typicalconditions”为并列关系，应用连词
and。故填and。
规律方法：下列情况很可能填并列连词（and；but；or）：
(1)前面一个句子________一个句子；
(2) 一个或多个句子成分________一个句子成分。
(3)句型both..and…;not…but…;either…or…;notonly…but(also)…
【变式精讲】
【例1】Thecrossbowhadtheadvantageofnotonlysendinganarrowwithenoughforcetocutthroughbodyarmo（r 盔
甲）________itsarrows,beingshort,couldnotbeshotbackbybowmen.
【答案】but
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：弩的优势不仅在于可以射出足够力量的箭来刺穿盔甲，而且还在于它的箭很短，
弓箭手无法反击。根据句意可知，此处是固定搭配notonly...but(also)...“不但......而且”，其中also可省。故填
but。
【例2】"Itdefinitelystillseemstobeunusual,______atthesametimeitisnotcompletelyunexpected,"headded.
【答案】but
【解析】考查连词。句意：它看起来确实仍然不同寻常，但同时它不是完全不可意料。结合句意可知，空前后
是转折关系，应使用but连接。故填but。
（2）状语从句的连接词
【做题实践中找规律】
【例 1】Wide-ranging in their scope, they include aspects such us: providing cycling training to children and adults
______theywantit,developinganetworkofprotectedbikeroutes,andcreating"low-trafficneighborhoods."
【答案】if/when
【解析】考查连词。句意：他们的范围很广，如果孩子和成年人想要的话，可以提供骑车训练。分析句子的成
分可知：设空处应为连词引导从句；结合句意，设空处可表示时间也可表示条件。故答案为if/when。
15/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【例2】Youreverydaylifeislivedinthatlanguage,_______itispeelingthepotatoesorfeedingthecat!Theexchange
isnaturalandmeaningful.
【答案】whether
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：你的日常生活就是在这种语言中过的，无论是在削土豆还是在喂猫。句中
whether...or...是固定搭配，“无论是...还是...”，引导让步状语从句。故填whether。
【例3】Itwasanaturalsteptoturnhisskillsintoanopportunitytomakeallkindsoftoysforhisyounggrandson,and
itwasnotlong_______hissonanddaughter-in-lawdecidedtovideoWang'sefforts.
【答案】before
【解析】考查从属连词。句意：不久之后，他的儿子和儿媳决定用视频记录王所付出的努力。此处是句型Itwas
notlongbefore…“没过多久……”，before引导时间状语从句。故填before。
规律方法： 如何判断空格处应填状语从句的连词？
（1）无提示词。
（2）在从句中不作成分。
(3) 主从复合句的连接词：如果两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，那么一定是填引导从句的连接词。
（4）常根据句意填出连词。
【变式精讲】
1.______wewillbesayingFarewelltoourstudents,thisisnotthesameassayingGoodbye.
【答案】Although/While/Though
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：虽然我们要与我们的学生告别，但这并不等同于说再见。根据句意以及句中“...this
isnotthesameas…”可知主从句存在让步关系，故此从句为让步状语从句且本句非倒装结构，故空格处可选的引
导让步状从的连词有“though/although/while”。故填Although/While/Though。
2.Petsaddsomuchtopeople'slives______youwillnotbedisappointedtohaveafurbabyinyourhome.
【答案】that
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：宠物为人们的生活增添了如此多的东西，所以你应该不会因为家里有个毛茸茸
的小东西而感到失望。根据句意可知，此处考查so…that…“如此……以至于……”引导的结果状语从句，故填that。
（3）名词性从句的连接词
【做题实践中找规律】
【例1】Anotheradvantageoflearningalanguageis _______ itwillhelpyouunderstandthecultureofthecountry
youarevisiting.
【答案】that
【解析】考查表语从句引导词。句意：学习一门语言的另一个好处是它会帮助你了解你要去的国家的文化。分
16/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
析句子可知这是系动词is后接表语从句，从句内容、成分完整，使用that引导从句不可省略，故填that。
【例2】Thatis_______weshouldlearnfromthem.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：这是我们应该向他们学习的。分析句子结构可知，空格处缺关系词，引导表
语从句，从句中谓语动词learn后面缺少宾语，应使用what，指代“学习的东西”。故填what。
【例 3】Some people have expressed skepticism because it is unbelievable _______ she looks so perfect after a long
dayofworkinthefields.
【答案】that
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：有些人表示怀疑，因为在野外工作了一天之后，她看起来如此完美，这令人难
以置信。根据句意和句子结构可知，这里含有一个主语从句，it为形式主语，真正的主语为空格处引导的从句，
从句不缺成分，且意义完整，故应用that引导从句。故填that。
规律方法：如何判断空格处应填名词性从句的连接词？
（1）无提示词：注意that和whether在名词性从句中不作成分，whether有“是否”的意思。
（2）注意what在名词性从句中的选择，其在从句中作成分，通常作主语，宾语或表语。
【变式精讲】
【例1】TheyapprovedareportthatappearedinthepublicationBioscienceearlierthismonth.Itwarns______the
worldwouldface"untoldhumansuffering"ifitdoesnotmakedeepandlastingshiftsinhumanactivitiesthatinfluence
climatechange.
【答案】that
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：它警告说，如果不对影响气候变化的人类活动做出深刻和持久的转变，世界将
面临“难以言表的人类痛苦”。________theworldwouldface"untoldhumansuffering"ifitdoesnotmakedeepand
lastingshiftsinhumanactivitiesthatinfluenceclimatechange.是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，也
没有实际意义，用that引导该从句，所以填that。
【例2】Someofthemostfamousscientistsinhistoryhaveshownthatcuriosityabouttheworldaroundthem.Charles
Darwin,forexample,conducted_______hecalled“fool’sexperiment.”
【答案】what
【解析】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：例如，查尔斯·达尔文进行了他所谓的“傻瓜实验”。根据句意和结构可知，
动词conducted后面是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，用what引导。故填what。
（4）定语从句的关系词
【做题实践中找规律】
17/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【例1】I’veneverforgottenAuntCarmeleta’sadvice“Justbeyourself.”Weneedmorepeopleinthisworld
_______givegreatadviceandarekindandcaringlikeAuntCarmeleta.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在这个世界上，我们需要更多像卡梅莱塔舅妈那样的人，他们能给我们好的建
议，又善良又有爱心。此处为定语从句修饰先行词people，且先行词在从句中作主语，指人，故用who引导定
语从句。故填who。
【例2】Theresearcherswrotetwoversionsoftheirletter,bothof _______wereaskingforadonationtohelpwith
community activities.Butthewordsweredifferent.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：研究人员写了两个版本的信，都是请求捐款来资助社区活动。分析句子可知，
空格处引导定语从句，现行词是twoversionsoftheirletter，从句中作介词宾语，指物，用关系代词which，故填
which。
【例3】Thesaying“gentleman’sfriendshipisaslightaswater”,_______waterreferstotea,indicatesakindofdeep
friendship.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：俗话说“君子之交淡如水”，在这里水指的是茶，表示一种深厚的友谊。分析句
子结构可知，该空引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词Thesaying为表示抽象地点的名词，且从句waterrefers
totea中缺乏状语，此处用关系副词where。故填where。
规律方法：什么时候填定语从句的关系词？
（1）先判断是定语从句。
（2）找准先行词，看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，然后断定填关系词。
（3）注意which引导的定语从句，常常指代前面整个句子的内容，没有确定的先行词。
（4）注意as引导的定语从句。
【变式精讲】
【例1】Insideyourhome,besuretoemptycontainerswithwater,fixlocksontoilets,andstaywithyourchildduring
bathtime.Anybodyofwaterdemandsseriousconsideration,_______mustbebroughttoyourattention.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：任何水体都需要认真考虑，必须引起你的注意。分析句子可知这是一个非限制
性定语从句，先行词为前面整个句子所表示的内容“任何水体都需要认真考虑”，从句缺少主语，所以用which
引导从句。故填which。
18/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【例2】AccordingtoIBM,itisthefirstmachine______candebatecomplicatedtopicswithhumans.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：根据IBM的说法，它是第一台可以与人类讨论复杂话题的机器。_____candebate
complicatedtopicswithhumans是定语从句，此处先行词在定语从句中做主语，而且先行词前有序数词“thefist”，
故此处只能用关系代词that。故填that。
19/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
考点3动词的时态、语态和语气
【构建知识体系】
【命题解读】
新课标 要求 命题评价解读
《普通高中英语课程
语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语
标准(实验)》明确指出：高
法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变
中学生应该学习和掌握的 考查考生对
形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和
英语语言基础知识包括语 语法、词汇和语
语境化特征。
用知识的掌握情
音、词汇、语法、功能和
况。
话题等五个方面的内容(教
育部)。
【剖析全国高考真题】
考点三 动词的时态、语态和语气
语法填空
1.（海南卷）Readers______（encourage）tocontinueexploringthedigitalworldwiththeguidanceofourFurther
Resourcessectionfeaturedineachvolume.
【答案】areencouraged
【解析】考查语态。句意：我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。主语Readers
与encourage之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据文章中的时态可知，用一般现在时。故填areencouraged。
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2.（新课标I卷）TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探测器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoon
goddess______(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.
【答案】touched
【解析】考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南
极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语lastweek可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。
3.（新课标I卷）＂Thisreallyexcitesscientists,＂ CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says, ＂becauseit
_______(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon_____(construct).＂
【答案】means
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家CarlePieters说：“因
为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“Thisreallyexcitesscientists”可知，此处也使用
一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。
【答案】isconstructed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与
主语themoon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语themoon是单
数，故填isconstructed。
4.（新课标II卷）ChineseNewYearisacelebrationmarkingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.
Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers_____(carry)specialsignificance.
【答案】carries
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。分析句子结构可知,空处为从句谓语,且从句主语是动名词短语,故用单数形式,且
与主句的is呼应,故用一般现在时。故填carries。
5．（新课标III卷）Theartistwassurehewould______(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’s
chiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.
【答案】bechosen
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。
本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填bechosen。
6．（新课标III卷） _When/Asheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(传
奇的)artist,theysmiledand______(point)downtheriver.
【答案】pointed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河
的下游。根据上文theysmiledand可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
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7.（浙江卷）And，asmorechildrenwereborn，morefood______(need).
【答案】wasneeded
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表
示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不
可数名词。故填wasneeded。
8.（浙江卷）Byabout6000BC，people____(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.
【答案】haddiscovered
【解析】考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分
析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。
by+ 过去时间 译为“到……为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填haddiscovered.
9.（浙江卷）Newmethods______(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需填时
态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所
以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。
10.（山东卷）The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,_______(form)thecorecollectionofthe
BritishMuseumwhich/thatopenedin1759.
【答案】formed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。
此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
11.（山东卷）Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic______(call)galleriesorrooms.
【答案】arecalled
【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应
使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填arecalled。
12.（全国I卷）InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunayut_____(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhuman
settlements,leadingtoabeliefthatpopulationsareincreasing.
【答案】havereported
【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语inrecentyears可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have
reported。
13.（全国II卷）Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award，proudIrene______(declare)shehadnoplanstoretire
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fromher36-year-oldbusiness.
【答案】declared
【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知
用一般过去时态，故填declared。
14.（全国III卷）Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand_____(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat，shop，
andvisit.
【答案】recommended
【解析】考查一般过去时态。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物
和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。
15.（浙江卷）Wheneverypupilintheschoolwearstheuniform,nobody______(have)toworryaboutfashion(时尚).
【答案】willhave/has
【解析】考查时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语
从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时willdo；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，因此，
本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是nobody，谓语用has。故填willhave/has。
16.（浙江卷）One study inAmerica found that students' grades _____ (improve) a little after the school introduced
uniforms.
【答案】improved
【解析】考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导
的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去式，主句用一般过去式。故填improved。
17.（全国I卷）While runningregularlycan'tmake youliveforever，thereviewsays it______(be)moreeffectiveat
lengtheninglifethanwalking，cyclingorswimming.
【答案】 is
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。本文介绍了跑步的好处，通篇以一般现在时为主。本句中宾语从句与主句的时
态应保持一致，故用一般现在时；且宾语从句中的主语为it，故用is。
18.（全国II卷）Since2011,thecountry______(grow)morecornthanrice.
【答案】hasgrown
【解析】考查时态。由句中的时间状语Since2011可知，此空应用现在完成时。
19. （ 全 国 II 卷 ） The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 － when the government
______(start) a soiltesting program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers－and 2011, fertilizer
usedroppedby7.7milliontons.
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【答案】started
【解析】考查时态。根据语境可知，此处叙述发生在过去的情况，应用一般过去时，故填started。
20.（全国 III 卷）I quickly lower myself，ducking my headto avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel
______(challenge)．
【答案】challenged
【解析】考查时态。 此处表示“我迅速低下头避免和它直视，以便它不会感到受到挑战”，主语he和challenge
构成被动关系，故填challenged。
21.（全国III卷）Truetoagorilla'sunaggressivenature，thehugeanimal______(mean)menorealharm.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态。由于此处描述的动作已经发生，故用一般过去时。
22.（浙江卷） I still remember visiting afriend who'd lived here for five years andI _____(shock) whenI learnt she
hadn'tcookedonceinallthattime.
【答案】wasshocked
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据语境可知，此处表示“我感到很震惊”，shock与主语I为被动关系，同时根据后
面的learnt可知，时态为一般过去时，所以填wasshocked。句意：我还记得访问过一个住在这里5年的朋友，
当我知道她在这段时间里没有煮过一次饭的时候，我很震惊。
23. （浙江卷） Whileregularlyeatingoutseemsto______(become)commonformanyyoungpeopleinrecentyears,
it’snotwithoutacost.
【答案】havebecome
【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语inrecentyears 可知用现在完成时，seemsto后用动词原形，故填have
become。
【精讲研法】
考点三 动词的时态、语态和语气
【做题实践中找规律】
【例1】Ontheotherhand,apersonwhomakeseyecontactwithanotherperson_______(think) tobeconfidentand
boldandcourageisalwaysconsideredagoodquality!
【答案】isthought
【解析】考查时态和语态。本文讲的是事实，时态用一般现在时，主语是aperson（定语从句whomakeseyecontact
withanotherperson修饰名词aperson），主语aperson和谓语动词think是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语
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态（am/is/aredone），主语是单数，谓语也用单数。故填isthought。
【例2】Historically,bamboo,woodorwire______(be)usedfortheframe.Theshadewasmadefromdelicatepaperor
silk.LanternswereoftendecoratedwithChinesecalligraphy,paintingandpapersuiting.
【答案】was
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据“Historically”可知，本句描述历史上的状况，谓语要用一般过去时时
态was/were，主语“bamboo,woodorwire”为or连接的三个名词，谓语的数要遵循就近原则，wire是单数形式，
所以谓语也需用was体现单数。故填was。
【例 3】Since then, the Indian government ______ (declare) 16 no-selfie zones across Mumbai, warning people
themselvestakingunnecessaryrisks.
【答案】hasdeclared
【解析】考查时态。分析句子可知，设空处是句子谓语动词，根据上文的sincethen判断为现在完成时，主语the
Indiangovernment是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填hasdeclared。
【例4】For examplein a12-minutevideo,she,atfirst, pushedgarlicpartsinto thefarmlandoutsideherhome;inthe
nextfewminutes,withthesproutsgrowing,theyreacheduptowardstheskywhenshe_______(begin)tocook.
【答案】began
【解析】考查时态。句意：当她开始做饭时，蒜苗向天空伸展。空前的“reached”表明陈述的是过去的事情，应
该用一般过去时，故填began。
【例5】Healthyenvironmentnotonlykeepsthenature’sbalancebut________(help)ingrowinganddevelopingallthe
livingthingsontheearth.
【答案】helps
【解析】考查时态。此处缺少谓语动词，讲的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语Healthyenvironment是单数，
谓语也用单数，应用helps，本句由notonly…but(also)连接两个谓语动词，keeps和helps是谓语。故填helps。
【例 6】In 2017, a survey ______ (conduct) to find out how funding cuts affected museums. The survey stated that
“manypublicly-fundedmuseumsarefacingafundingcrisis.”
【答案】wasconducted
【解析】考查时态和语态。此处缺乏谓语动词，由时间状语In2017可知，该句使用过去时，而主语asurvey
与谓语动词conduct是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语asurvey是单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填
wasconducted。
规律方法：如何判断空格处应填时态、语态、语气？
(1) 寻找关键信息词。题干中的某些关键信息对于解答时态、语态、语气类的题目尤为重要。
(2) 利用上下文语境。利用上下文语境是解决时态、语态、语气类题目常用的最有效的方法，
(3) 判断是否是客观真理。如果句子所表达的是客观真理、寓言故事、谚语、格言等，通常用一般现在时。
【变式精讲】
【例 1】So far,the master carpenter, ______(attract) over 1.18 million subscribers onYouTube. Grandpa·Amu insists
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thatheisnotaninternetcelebritybutjustanordinaryfarmer.
【答案】hasattracted
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，这位木匠大师已经在YouTube上吸引了超过118万的订阅者。根
据时间状语“sofar”可知，此句应用现在完成时，主语为“Themastercarpenter”，是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单
数形式。故填hasattracted。
【例2】AccordingtothescheduleprovidedbyNASA,thefirsttookplaceonJune26thandtheother______(happen)
onJuly1st.
【答案】happened
【解析】考查时态。句意：根据NASA提供的时间表，第一次太空行走发生在6月26日，另一次发生在7月1
日。此处是and连接的两个简单句，前一个分句使用的是一般过去时，结合“onJuly1st”可知，此处也用一般过
去时，故填happened。
【例3】Describedasa“left-behindgirl”byChinesemedia,Zhong______(raise)byhergrandparentsafterherparents
lefttheirhometowntoworkforyearsinGuangzhou.
【答案】wasraised
【解析】考查被动语态和时态。句意：钟被中国媒体形容为“留守女孩”，在父母离开家乡到广州工作多年后，
她由祖父母抚养长大。主语Zhong和raise之间是被动关系，该句应用被动语态。且由上下文可知，该句描述的
是过去的事情，应用一般过去时态，主语Zhong是第三人称单数。故填wasraised。
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考点4非谓语动词
【构建知识体系】
【命题解读】
新课标 要求 命题评价解读
《普通高中英语课程
语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语
标准(实验)》明确指出：高
法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变
中学生应该学习和掌握的 考查考生对
形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和
英语语言基础知识包括语 语法、词汇和语
语境化特征。
用知识的掌握情
音、词汇、语法、功能和
况。
话题等五个方面的内容(教
育部)。
【剖析全国高考真题】
考点四 非谓语动词
1（. 新课标I卷）ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4_____(find)andstudyareasofthe
SouthPole-Aitkenbasin.
【答案】tofind
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此
处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填tofind。
2. （新课标II卷）Theyareeasy_______(care)forandmakegreatpresents.
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【答案】 tocare。
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be+形容词 +todo”结构。
故填tocare。
3. （新课标III卷）Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout______(find)thewell-knownpainter.
【答案】 tofind
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发
去做某事”短语为setouttodosth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填tofind。
4.(浙江卷)Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology______(change)lives.
【答案】 tochange
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动
词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填tochange。
5.（新课标II卷）Theyrepresenttheearth __________ (come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.
【答案】coming
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，
所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与comebackto之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
6. （新课标II卷语法填空）Theymakegreatgifsandyouseethemmanytimes________(decorate)withred
envelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.
【答案】 decorated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them
指代前句中的orangetrees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
7. （新课标 III 卷）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds________ (surround) the
mountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.
【答案】 surrounding
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子
结构可知，thesoftclouds (surround)themountaintops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语
动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
8.（山东新高考) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine
themselves livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor_____(walk)througharainforest.
【答案】 walking
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【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史
时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imaginesbdoingsth.“想象
某人做某事”。故填walking。
9.(浙江卷语)Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas， _________
(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.
【答案】 making
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的
洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。makeuseof和逻辑主语they
之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填making。
10. （新课标II卷）Theyrepresenttheearth______(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.
【答案】coming
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，
所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与comebackto之间为主动关系，所以动名词的复合结构。故填coming。
12.(山东新高考) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine
themselveslivingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor______(walk)througharainforest.
【答案】 walking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史
时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imaginesbdoingsth.“想象
某人做某事”。故填walking。
13.（全国I卷）Modemmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,and
areexpensive______(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.
【答案】toperform
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只
是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用toperform。
14（. 全国III卷）Onourwaytothehouse，itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake
_____(get)there.
【答案】toget
【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应
填非谓语动词，故填toget。
15.（浙江高考）Butsomestudentsdidn'twant______(wear)theuniform.
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【答案】towear
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。wanttodosth想要做某事，这是want的固
定用法。故填towear。
16.(北京卷)Nervously_____ (face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Be
yourself”.
【答案】facing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析
句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分
词作状语。故填facing。
17.（全国II卷）Whenwegotacall______(say)shewasshort-listed，wethoughtitwasajoke.
【答案】saying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词
call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。
18.（全国III卷）Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay，wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarm
ontheNorthShoreunderthestars，_____(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.
【答案】listening
【解析】考查分词。本句谓语动词为“wereinvited”，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐
这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后
meetinginterestinglocals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
19（. 浙江高考）Whenthechildrenarewalkingor______(cycle)toschoolondarkmornings,cardriverscaneasilysee
them.
【答案】cycling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连
接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
20（. 全国I卷）Scientistshaverespondedby _____(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhuman
settlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsarehigherthantheyactuallyare.
【答案】noting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。
21.（全国 II 卷）A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ______ (be)Britain's oldest full-time
employee-stillworking40hoursaweek.
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【答案】being
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
22（. 浙江高考）Whenthechildrenarewalkingor______(cycle)toschoolondarkmornings,cardriverscaneasilysee
them.
【答案】cycling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连
接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
23. 【全国II】Anotherreasonforcorn'srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice______
(improve)waterquality.
【答案】toimprove
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词
是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填toimprove。
24. 【全国III】 Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme________(stay)andwatch.
【答案】tostay
【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定短语allowsbtodo允许某人做某事，应该用tostay。
25.【全国II】Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China'sapproachtoprotecting
its environment while ______ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers
worldwide."saysthebank'sJuergenVoegele.
【答案】feeding
【解析】考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政
策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了Chinais，省略句的原则：在
时间状语从句、条件状语从句、，让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么
可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。
26. 【全国III】Iquickly lower myself, duckingmyheadtoavoid ________(look) directly intohis eyesso hedoesn't
feel________(challenge).
【答案】looking
【解析】考查动词。动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。
【答案】challenged
【解析】考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表
示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。
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27. 【全国I】Youdon'thave to run fastor forlong to seethe benefit.Youmaydrink, smoke, be overweight andstill
reduceyourriskof______(die)earlybyrunning.
【答案】dying
【解析】考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用
动名词。故填dying。
28. 【全国III】Iquickly lower myself, duckingmyheadtoavoid ________(look) directly intohis eyesso hedoesn't
feelchallenged.
【答案】looking
【解析】考查动名词。动词avoid后要加doing作宾语。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。
29. 【浙江】 Istillremember______(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearnt
shehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查动名词。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用rememberdoing
sth.，故填visiting。
【精讲研法】
考点四 非谓语动词
【做题实践中找规律】
【例1】FollowingtheJapanesesurrenderin1945,ChiangKai-shek’sNationalistGovernmentreoccupiedthe
Headquarters-PresidentialPalacefor______(govern)theRepublicofChina.
【答案】governing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：1945年日本投降后，蒋介石的国民政府重新占领了中华民国国民政府总部
——总统府，为了统治中华民国。分析句子可知，句子的谓语是reoccupied，govern作介词for的宾语，用动名
词，故填governing。
【例2】TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)saysthat80%oftheworld’steensdon’tgetenoughexercisetolive
healthylives.Thereport,whichwaspublishedinTheLancetin,wasbasedonresearchdonewithstudents______(age)
11to17in146differentcountries.
【答案】aged
【解析】考查过去分词。句意：基于对146个国家11至17岁学生的研究，该报告于年发表在《柳叶刀》上。
根据句意和句子结构，这里用age的过去分词，形成分词短语aged11to17，作后置定语表示：来自146个不同
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国家的年龄11至17岁的生。故填aged。
【例3】AWeibo userremarked, “Li’s success lies in herpassion forlife.”AnotherWeibouser wrote, “Thankyou for
givingmeanopportunity_____(appreciate)thelandscapeinthecountryside.”
【答案】toappreciate
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：谢谢你给我一个欣赏乡村风景的机会。句中涉及固定短语“anopportunitytodo
sth.”，意为“一个做某事的机会”，appreciate 意为“欣赏”，动词词性，to后接动词原形。故填toappreciate。
【例 4】Food items themselves have meaning _____(attach) to them. In many Western countries, a box of chocolate
wouldbeviewedasanappropriategift.
【答案】attached
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：食物本身也有其自身的意义。attach与其逻辑主语meaning构成被动关系，
应用其过去分词作宾补。故填attached。
【例 5】Because people and food are mobile, _____(try) to define a country’s culture by what they eat is often
inaccurate.
【答案】trying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：因为人和食物都是流动的，试图通过人们吃什么来定义一个国家的文化往往
是不准确的。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动名词短语作主语。故填trying。
【例 6】The Chinese master carpenter, Wang Dewen, ______ (know) as “Grandpa Amu” on YouTube, has been
consideredasthemodern-dayLuBan.
【答案】known
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在YouTube上人称“阿木爷爷”的中国木工大师王德文被认为是现代鲁班。短
语beknownas“作为……而为人所知”；句子主语WangDewen和know之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分
词短语作后置定语；know是不规则变化动词，过去分词为known。故填known。
【例7】Hismostpopularvideo,whichshowshimmakingafantasticwoodenarchbridge,rosetofameontheplatform,
_______(gain)morethan42millionviews.
【答案】gaining
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他最受欢迎的视频是展示他在制作一座奇妙的木拱桥的视频，该视频在该平
台上一举成名，获得了超过4200万次的点击量。Hismostpopularvideo与gain在逻辑上是主动关系，此处用现
在分词gaining 作状语，表示补充说明。故填gaining。
【例8】Chinahasnamed24,126primaryandmiddleschoolsacrossthecountryspecialistfootballschools______(lead)
youthfootballdevelopment,accordingtotheMinistryofEducation(MOE).
【答案】tolead
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中主谓宾结构完整，所填词为非谓语动词，此处表示目的，用动词不定式，故填
tolead。
【例9】Thisisthefirsttimealargegroupofscientistshavejointly(共同地)usedtheword"emergency"when______
(talk)aboutclimatechange."
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【答案】talking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这是第一次一大群科学家在谈论气候变化时联合使用“紧急情况”一词。分析
句子结构，when ________ (talk) about climate change.是分词作时间状语，talk 与其逻辑主语 a large group of
scientists之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填talking。
【例 10】Scientists around the world are looking for all kinds of ways to protect and maybe even revive corals. One
optionis_______(create)moremarineprotectedareas-essentiallynationalparksintheocean.
【答案】tocreate/creating
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一种选择是创造更多的海洋保护区。此处非谓动词作表语，是对主语option
的解释说明，用不定式或动名词均可。故填tocreate/creating。
规律方法：如何判断空格处应填非谓语动词？
(1) 正确判断非谓语动词。句子按照结构可分为三类，即简单句、并列句和复合句。并列句和复合句都需要连
词来引导，如果句子中出现了连词，应选谓语动词形式；如果两个结构中未出现连词，则考虑用非谓语动词。
(2) 正确判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间的关系。
确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑
上的动作执行者就叫作逻辑主语。判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被动。非谓语动词作状语时，
其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致，找不到其逻辑主语时，整个句子或句子的主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主
语。正确判断非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系是正确选择非谓语动词形式的保证，不管是作什么成分的非
谓语动词都具有以下特点：
1．如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，可用现在分词；
2．如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，可用过去分词。
(3)正确判断非谓语动词和谓语动词发生的时间先后顺序
非谓语动词具备动词的一些特点，也可以有动作发生的时间。对于谓语动词，我们用时态来表示动词发生的时
间；对于非谓语动词不能用时态来表示动作发生的时间。非谓语动词所表示的时间是一个相对时间，即相对于
谓语动词的时间而言。同时也需要了解非谓语动词的不同形式所指时间的含义。如tohavedone，havingdone
表示该动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生；tobedoing，doing强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
【变式精讲】
【例1】Thescientistsappealedtonations_______(use)energymoreefficientlyandcuttheiruseoffossilfuels.
【答案】touse
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们呼吁各国提高能源使用效率，减少化石燃料的使用。表示“为了提高
能源使用效率”，用不定式作目的状语，所以填touse。
【例2】IgottiredofstudyingandfinallyIrefusedtoattendclass,_______(shut)myselfinmyroomforhours.
【答案】shutting
【解析】考查现在分词。分析句子可知，句子的谓语动词是refused，shut用非谓语动词形式，作状语，句子主
语和shut之间是主动关系，应使用现在分词作状语，故填shutting。
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【例3】Thecrossbowhadtheadvantageofnotonly______（send） anarrowwithenoughforcetocutthroughbody
armor（盔甲）butitsarrows,beingshort,couldnotbeshotbackbybowmen.
【答案】sending
【解析】考查动名词。句意：弩的优势不仅在于可以射出足够力量的箭来刺穿盔甲，而且还在于它的箭很短，
弓箭手无法反击。分析句子可知，此处应用send的动名词sending作为介词of的宾语。故填sending。
考点5形容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换
【构建知识体系】
【命题解读】
新课标 要求 命题评价解读
《普通高中英语课程
语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语
标准(实验)》明确指出：高
法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变
中学生应该学习和掌握的 考查考生对
形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和
英语语言基础知识包括语 语法、词汇和语
语境化特征。
用知识的掌握情
音、词汇、语法、功能和
况。
话题等五个方面的内容(教
育部)。
【剖析全国高考真题】
35/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
考点五 形容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换
1.（新课标I卷）Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular______(interesting) toscientists becauseithasalotofdeep
craters(环形山),moresothanthefamiliarnearside.
【答案】interest
【解析】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，
interest是不可数名词，beofinteresttosb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
2.（新课标II卷）ChineseNewYearisa______(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningof
spring.
【答案】celebration
【解析】考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填
celebration。
3.（新课标I卷）Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis______(extreme)challenging.
【答案】extremely
【解析】考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme
的副词形式，故填extremely。
4.（新课标II卷）Bamboo:Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesand
office._______(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.
【答案】Certainly
【解析】考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改
变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
5.（新课标 II 卷）The_______ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic
decorations.
【答案】beautiful
【解析】考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形
容词形式。故填beautiful。
6.（新课标III卷）Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(画像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeand
presenttheir_________(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.
【答案】finest
【解析】考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们
最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级
36/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
finest。故填finest。
7.（新课标III卷）Asthesmallboatmoved,_______(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountains
beingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.
【答案】gently
【解析】考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved
应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
8.（山东卷）Inthe18thand19thcenturies,_________(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjects
andworksofart.
【答案】wealthy
【解析】考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people，
应使用形容词，做定语。故填wealthy。
9. 【全国 III】When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting
______(compete)towatch，togetherwiththestorybehindit.
【答案】competition
【解析】考查词性转换。形容词interesting应该修饰名词，而且空前有不定冠词an，故填单数名词competition。
10. 【浙江6】OtherAmericanstudiesshowedno______(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.
【答案】connection/connections
【解析】考查名词。 根据 no 可知，后面需要 connect 的名词形式，语意表示“联系、连接”，故填
connection/connections。
11.【北京】Nomatterwhatyouliketodo，thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious______(activity)onEarthDay.You
canplantatree，makeamealwithlocallygrownvegetables，orsavepower—thepossibilitiesareendless.
【答案】activities
【解析】考查名词的复数形式，因为前面的形容词是various“各种各样的”，因此用名词的复数形式activities。
12.【新课标I卷】Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen ______
(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.
【答案】poorly
【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词hasbeenstudied，意为“研
究很少”。故填poorly。
13【. 新课标II卷】Heryearsofhardworkhave______(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)her
tobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.
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【答案】finally
【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词 have been
acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。
14. 【全国 I】Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human
settlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare______(high)thantheyactuallyare.
【答案】higher
【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后thantheyactuallyare可知，此处需用形容词的比较级，故填higher。
15. 【全国II】 Wearesoproudofher.It's______(wonder).
【答案】wonderful
【解析】考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。根据前面的Wearesoproudofher.我们为她感到骄傲和自豪，分析本句
空格前面是系动词is，后面跟形容词作表语，故填wonderful。
16.【全国III】Onourwaytothehouse，itwasraining______hardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwould
taketogetthere.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.
【答案】so
【解析】考查固定句型。分析结构可知，此处是结果状语从句，修饰副词hard应该填so。“so…that”句型，表
示“如此……以至于”。
17. 【全国III】Theyalsosharedwithusmany______(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere______(huge)popular
withtourists.
【答案】traditional
【解析】考查词性转换空格处于名词stories前，判断应该用形容词作定语。故填traditional。
【答案】hugely
【解析】考查词性转换。空格在句中位于形容词前，所以判断用副词作状语。故填hugely。
18. 【浙江6】Whenthechildrenarewalkingorcyclingtoschoolondarkmornings,cardriverscan______(easy)see
them.
【答案】easily
【解析】考查副词。 根据句中canseethem可知，需要easy的副词形式来修饰动词，故填easily。【易错点拨】
注意easy的副词是easily，而不是easely或写成easyly。
19. 【浙江6】Schooluniformsare______(tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.Some
very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of
Britishsecondaryschoolswearuniforms.
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【答案】traditional
【解析】考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处作are后面的表语，所以需要tradition的形容词形式traditional，
表示“传统的”。
20.【北京】Takingfulladvantageofthecollege’schancesandresources(资源)，Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitude
towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations
forahealthyand______(meaning)collegeexperience.
【答案】meaningful
【解析】考查词性转换，因and前为形容词healthy，此处也应该用形容词形式meaningful。
21.【全国 I】 Twoof the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014which showed a mere five to 10
minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall______(cause).
【答案】causes
【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根
据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
22.【全国II】Thisswitchhasdecreased______(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinking
watersaferforpeople.
【答案】pollution
【解析】考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。has
decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。
23. 【全国III】MynameisMireyaMayor.I'ma______(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.
【答案】scientist
【解析】考查名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。
24. 【浙江】FewpeopleIknowseemtohavemuchdesireortimetocook.MakingChinese_____(dish)isseenas
especiallytroublesome.
【答案】dishes
【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
25. 【浙江】Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeand
therisein______(weigh)problems.
【答案】weight
【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。
26. 【全国I】Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears______(long)than
39/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
non-runners.
【答案】longer
【解析】考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，
故填longer。
27. 【全国I】Runningischeap,easyandit'salways______(energy).
【答案】energetic
【解析】考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
28. 【全国II】Atasteformeatis______(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeed
chickens,pigs,andcattle.
【答案】actually
【解析】考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填
actually。
29. 【全国II】 AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal______(globe)fertilizer
consumption.
【答案】global
【解析】考查词性转换。句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizerconsumption是名词短语，故应该
用形容词修饰。故填global。
30. 【全国III】______(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme.
【答案】loudest
【解析】考查最高级。根据后面的ofall可知，他声音最大，所以用最高级loudest。
31.【浙江】Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybe______(afford)butdoingthismostdays
addsup.Therecouldbeaneven______(high)costonyourhealth.
【答案】affordable
【解析】考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的，系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担
得起的”故填affordable。
【答案】higher
【解析】考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，由even表示程度修饰比较级，故填higher。
40/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【精讲研法】
考点五 形容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换
【做题实践中找规律】
【例1】Whencoralsexperiencestressfromhottemperaturesor_______(pollute),theyendtheirinterdependent
relationshipwiththisalgae,typicallyforcingthemoutandturningwhite,thoughonerecentstudyindicatessomecorals
turnabrightneoncolorwhenstressed.
【答案】pollution
【解析】考查名词。句意：当珊瑚遭受到高温或污染，他们结束和藻类的共生关系，迫使藻类离开，珊瑚褪变
成白色。根据并列连词or和前面的名词 temperatures可知，此处应用名词与temperatures并列，故填其名词形
式。故填pollution。
【例2】Ashewalkedaroundtheblock,A．J.’sneighborsfriends,andfamilycameupandaskedwhathewasdoing,and
hewas______(pleasant)surprisedwhentheystartedtojoininanddonatetothecause.
【答案】pleasantly
【解析】考查副词。句意：当A.J.走在街区的时候，他的邻居和家人都过来问他在做什么，当他们开始加入并
为这项事业捐款时，A.J.感到很惊喜。分析句子成分可知，此处pleasantly是副词，用作状语，修饰surprised。
故填pleasantly。
【例 3】“I hope it is just the ______ (begin) for him in understanding on how one person can really make a
_______(different),”saidA．J.‘sgrandmother,KathyLadd.
【答案】beginning
【解析】考查名词。句意：我希望这只是他理解一个人如何能真正发挥作用的开始。根据前面的定冠词可知，
这里需要一个名词作表语。故填beginning。
【答案】difference
【解析】考查固定短语。句意见上。根据其前的冠词a可知，此处应用different的名词形式，作make的宾语，
makeadifference为固定短语，意为“有影响，起作用”。故填difference。
【例 4】Lying on the city wall of the west gate of the ancient city inYueyang City, Hunan province, China,Yueyang
TowerfacesJunshanIslandandoverlooksDongtingLake,beingextremelybeautifuland_______(impress).
【答案】impressive
【解析】考查词形转换。句意：岳阳楼面向君山岛，俯瞰洞庭湖，及其漂亮，给人留下深刻印象。分析该句结
构可知，所填词与beautiful并列，作动词being的表语，故用所给词的形容词形式impressive。故填impressive。
【例5】Since ancienttimes, it hasenjoyed the good reputation thatDongting Lake is the ______(good)among lakes,
41/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
andYueyangToweris incomparable among towers.YueyangTower’s roof covered with yellow glazed tiles (黄色琉璃
瓦)lookslikeageneral’shelmetinancientChina.
【答案】best
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：自从古代，它就一直享负盛名—洞庭湖是最多湖泊中最好的。根据空前的
the及后面的amonglakes可知，该处需用所给词的最高级形式 best。故填best。
【例6】Itistheonlyancient________(build)withahelmetroofstructure(构造)inChina.
【答案】building
【解析】考查词形转换。句意：它是中国唯一一个盔式构造的古建筑。根据前面的修饰语theonlyancient可知，
此处需用所给词的名词形式building。故填building。
【例 7】After the Tang Dynasty, it _______ (gradual) became a famous scenic spot in which men of letters chanted
poetryandwrotefu.
【答案】gradually
【解析】考查词形转换。句意：唐朝之后，它逐渐成为一个著名景点，在这里文人雅士们吟诗写赋。分析该句
成分可知，所填词在此处修饰动词became，作状语，故用所给词的副词形式gradually。故填gradually。
【例 8】When asked about the most important effects of having healthy confidence, many would likely state
"success,""respectfromothers,"and"_______(appreciate)."
【答案】appreciation
【解析】考查名词。句意：当被问及拥有健康自信最重要的影响时，很多人可能会说是“成功”、“受到他人的尊
重”和“欣赏”。根据“success（成功）”和“respectfrom others（受到他人的尊重）”可知此处应使用名词形式，
appreciation不可数名词，意为：欣赏。故填appreciation。
【例9】"Happiness,ontheotherhand,isafeelingthatwetendtoassociatewithlifesatisfactionandwell-being,feeling
_____(health),andhavinggoodfriends,relationships,and fulfillingcareers.
【答案】healthy
【解析】考查形容词。句意：另一方面，幸福是一种感觉，我们倾向于把生活满意度和幸福、感觉健康、拥有
好朋友、人际关系和令人满意的事业联系起来。根据空前的系动词feeling可知此处要填入形容词作表语，health
（健康）的形容词为healthy，故填healthy。
【例10】Allofushere,includingourfellows,ourstaffmembersandthestudentsofthefuturewilltreasureandnurture
them,sothatthey_______(strong)anddevelopfurtherwiththepassageoftime.
【答案】strengthen
【解析】考查时态。句意：在座的各位，包括我们的同事、教职员工和未来的学生，都会珍惜它们，让它们随
着时间的推移而不断加深。分析句子结构可知句子主语为“they”，空格处需填动词和and后的develop同作谓语
动词且时态一致。故空格处动词时态为一般现在时，strong的动词形式为strengthen“加强，巩固”。故填strengthen。
规律方法：如何判断空格处应填容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换？
(1) 正确判断形容词、副词的等级。通过语境或特殊句式确定形容词或副词的等级。
(2) 根据所给词的语法功能（即在句子中作什么成分）确定词的正确形式。
42/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【变式精讲】
【例1】Wecertainlyhopetomaintainour______(connect),notonlywithourformerstudentalumnibutalsowithyou,
astheirproudparents.
【答案】connections
【解析】考查名词。句意：我们当然希望保持我们的联系。作动词maintain的宾语用名词，表示具体的联系时，
connection为可数名词，此处用复数表泛指。故填connections。
【例2】ThereisstillaneedforpetfostersacrosstheUS,soifyouare_______(interest),youshouldcontactananimal
shelterorrescuenearyouwithout________(hesitate).
【答案】interested
【解析】考查形容词。句意：美国各地仍有宠物寄养的需求，所以如果感兴趣的话，你应该毫不犹豫地联系身
边的动物收容所或救援组织。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词作为表语，修饰主语you，且意为“感兴趣的”，
应用v-ed形式的形容词，故填interested。
【答案】hesitation
【解析】考查名词。句意：美国各地仍有宠物寄养的需求，所以如果感兴趣的话，你应该毫不犹豫地联系身边
的动物收容所或救援组织。分析句子可知，设空处应用名词作为介词without的宾语，hesitation“犹豫”不可数，
故填hesitation。
【例3】Lifeinherhometown,Shenhoutown,inYuzhouCity,ismuch_________ (happy)forFan, whoquitherjob
inBeijingandstartedherownstudiowithherhusband.Junporcelainisoneofthe top five Chinese porcelains,
dating back to the Song Dynasty,whichisfamousforitschangeofcolorswhenheatedinkilns.
【答案】happier
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：辞去了在北京的工作，和丈夫一起创办了自己的工作室，在她的家乡禹州
市的神垕镇生活，对于范玉佩来说更开心了。根据句意可知，用形容词的比较级形式，much修饰比较级。故填
happier。
43/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
专题 完形填空
02
考点 1 词汇复现
【构建知识体系】
考点1词汇复现
考点2习惯搭配
完型填空 考点3行文逻辑
考点4生活常识和文化背景
考点5瞻前顾后揣摩语境
【命题解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
在一篇约 250 词的短 主要测验学生的语言综合运用能力，包括词语
既考
文中留出20个空白，要求 查考生的 辨析能力、语法结构分析能力、语篇理解能力、逻
考生从每题的给的 4 个选 英语基础 辑推理能力、文化背景透析能力、作者意图剖析能
知识，又考
项中选出最佳选项，使补 力和生活常识综合运用能力。该题型分值高（30分，
查考生综
足的短文意思通顺、前后 占整个卷面总分的45%）、区分度强，是考生最容易
合运用语
连贯、结构完整。 “拉开距离”的一项测试。
言的能力，
【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向
考点1 词汇复现
1. 【山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some
wetlandswhichbecamehissecond 21 .
21．A．dream B．job C．home D．choice
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个村庄位于一些湿地附近，那里成了他的第二个家。A.dream梦想；B.job工
作；C.home家；D.choice选择。根据空前的second可知，他出生的村庄是他的家，村庄附近的一些”湿地”成
为了他的第二个”家”。故选C。
复现的文章内容：
Whenhewas16,Molaibegantonoticesomethingdisturbinghappeningaroundhishome.
44/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
2.【浙江卷】Thelambhadbecomeseparatedfromits 37 ,soIjumpedoutofthetractortotendtoitwhileDon
stayedinhisscat.
37．A．kids B．friends C．owner D．mother
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以我跳下拖拉机去照看它，而Don还坐在它的座位
上。A.kids小孩；B.friends朋友；C.owner主人；D.mother妈妈。根据下文Lambandmother，可知小羊是和
它的妈妈走散了。故选D。
复现的文章内容：
Lambandmotherreunited,Iturnedbacktothetractoronlytoseeitmovesuddenlyawayfromme.
3.(新课标全国卷 II)Hebought abookandwassurprised tofind apicture ofthe artistPierre Bonnardsitting onthe
samechairinthesame 54 ashisfather’spainting.
54．A．room B．kitchen C．hall D．garden
54.D考查名词词义辨析。句意：他买了一本书，非常吃惊的发现里面有一幅艺术家PierreBonnard的画，他坐
在和父亲画里面一样的花园里，一样的椅子上。A.room房间；B.kitchen餐厅； C.hall 大厅；D.garden花园。
根据上文的withayounggirlsittingonagardenchair可知此处用“花园”符合语境，garden是原词复现，故选D项。
复现的文章内容：
the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair. It was signed(签名) “Bonnato” or so
hethought,
4.(新课标全国卷II)
Itwassigned(签名)“Bonnato”orsohethought,butwhenheresearchedit,heonlyfound“Bonnard,”aFrench 52
hehadneverheardof.
52．A．painter B．designer C．author D．actor
52.A考查名词词义辨析。句意：画上署名Bonnato或者他认为是这样，但当他仔细研究它时，他只发现了Bonnard，
一个他从未听说过的法国画家。A.painter画家；B.designer设计师；C.author 作家；D.actor演员。根据下文
的apictureoftheartistPierreBonnard可知，此处用画家符合语境，故选A项。
复现的文章内容：
apictureoftheartistPierreBonnard
5. (新课标全国卷 I)I have a very strong 51 that the lie we’re telling is doing spiritual damage to our
children.
51．A．demand B．fear C．desire D．doubt
51.B考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。
A.demand要求；B.fear害怕；C.desire欲望；D.doubt怀疑。根据thattheliewe'retellingisdoing 52 damage
toourchildren.和Maybeit'sanunreasonablefear.可知这是让我强烈害怕的事情。故选B。
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复现的文章内容：
Maybeit’sanunreasonablefear
6.【全国新课标 III】As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel
affection, 41 canalsodriveyoumad.
41.A.shopkeepers B.customers C.salespersons D.receptionists
41.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但就像任何一个你喜欢的人一样，顾客也会让你抓狂。A. shopkeepers
店主；B.customers顾客；C. salespersons售货员；D. receptionist接待员。根据上文Icaredeeplyabout
mycustomers可知作者是生意人，因此此处指的是顾客让自己抓狂。故选B。
复现的文章内容：
Icaredeeplyaboutmycustomers
7. (新课标全国卷 I)Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain inAfrica.
Theybringwiththemlotsofwaste.The___42___mightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.
42.A.stories B.buildings C.crowds D.reporters
42.C 考查名词辨析。A.stories故事；B.buildings建筑物；C.crowds人群；D.reporters记者。句意：人群可能
会破坏这个地方的美。由“40,000”可知，这是一个庞大的群体。故选C。
复现的文章内容：
Everyyearabout40,000people
8. (新课标全国卷 I)However, I soon discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of
___46___amongtonsofrubbish.
46.A.equipment B.grass C.camps D.stones
46.C考查名词辨析。A.equipment装备 ；B.grass 草C.camps 营地；D.stone石头。句意：我很快发现，自从
那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由下文“atcamps”可知，
本句属于原词再现。故选C。
复现的文章内容：
withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths.
9. (全国卷 III)But that changed when a system of high-tech ___46___ was introduced to reflect sunlight from
neighboringpeaks(山峰)intothevalleybelow.
46.A.computers B.telescopes C.mirrors D.cameras
46.C考查名词词义辨析。A.computers电脑；B.telescopes望远镜；C.mirrors镜子；D.cameras相机。根据后文
toreflectsunlightfromneighboringpeaks可知，从附近的山顶上反射太阳光，故可知，为一枚镜子，故选C。
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复现的文章内容：
Themirrorsarecontrolledbyacomputer
10. (全国卷 III)They reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the town’s central ___51___, creating an area of
sunlightroughly600squaremeters.
51.A.library B.hall C.square D.street
51.C考查名词词义辨析。A.library图书馆；B.hall大厅；C.square广场；D.street街道。根据后文Thetownsquare
可知，镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的中心广场上，故选C。
复现的文章内容：
Thetownsquarewastotallyflat.
11. 【全国 I】And, even if I weren’t excited enough about free credits, news about our___44___ was appealing
enoughtome.
44.A.title B.competitor C.textbook D.instructor
44. 考查名词辨析。我总是想学象棋，即便是我对免费的学分不激动，单是我们导师的消息就足以吸引我。A.title
头衔；题目；B.competitor竞赛者；C.textbook教科书；D.instructor导师。故选D。
复现的文章内容：
Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster 此处grandmaster和instructor是近义词
【精讲研法】——课堂讲解突破核心考点
考点1 词汇复现
【做题实践中找规律】
【例 1】Images of her childhood flashed past her eyes.There she was, aged three, building a sandcastle on the beach.
Time flew by as those small little 22 changed into stronger ones which were trying to make a castle outof Lego
blocks. Moving on, those hands were suddenly covered with sweat, as she held a pen tightly, while taking her first
majorexam.
22．A．hands B．eyes C．legs D．feet
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：时光飞逝，那些小小的小手变成了更结实的小手，它们正在用乐高积木搭
一座城堡。A.hands手；B.eyes眼睛；C.legs腿；D.feet脚。根据下文中的“thosehands”可知，此处描述的是
随着时间的流逝这双手的变化。故选A。
【例2】Howfasttimegoesby,shethought.Weallcomeintothisworldwithasetof 28 ,hopesandaspiration.
Weareeagertogrowuptoachievethesedreamsandtakeovertheworld.Butmaybesometimesinthisprocess,we
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forgettoenjoythejourney.
28．A．conditions B．glories C．dreams D．rules
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都带着梦想、希望和抱负来到这个世界上。A.conditions条件；B.glories
荣誉；C.dreams梦想；D.rules规则。根据下文中的“hopesandaspirations”和“achievethesedreams”可知，人生
来就带着梦想、希望和抱负。故选C。
【例3】
Yearsago,therewasaheateddebateaboutwhatbelongingspeoplelackedmost.Likethosewhooftenmadealist
ofthebelongingstheywantedtopossess,Ialsocreateda 42 ofmydesirables:well-being,care,gift,power,
wealthandreputation.
Ieagerlybroughtittoawiseelder,thespiritualmodelofmyyouth,themomentIcompletedthecatalogue.
42．A．boundary B．regulation C．catalogue D．prejudice
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：像那些经常列出自己想要拥有的物品清单的人一样，我也列出了自己想要
的东西：幸福、关怀、礼物、权力、财富和声誉。A.boundary边界；B.regulation管理；C.catalogue目录；D.prejudice
偏见。根据“themomentIcompletedthecatalogue.”可知，作者列了一份自己想要东西的目录。故选C。
【例4】Usingapencil,hecrossedout(划掉)alltheitemsIhadwrittendown.Afterwards,hewrotedownthreewords,
53 ofmind.“ItisthepresentfromGodforHisspecialfollowers,”heexplained.
“He gives well-being, careand gift to many.Power and wealth are common and reputation is notrare, butpeaceof
mindisthebestofHislove,givenwithgreatcaution.
53．A．magic B．peace C．heaven D．hope
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，他写下了三个字：心安宁。A.magic魔法；B.peace平静，安宁；C.
heaven天堂；D.hope希望。根据下文“butpeaceofmindisthebestofHislove,givenwithgreatcaution.”可知，长
者认为心灵的安宁最为重要。故选B。
【例5】
“Mum,whatdoesitmeanwhensomeonetells youthattheyhaveaskeleton(骨骼)inthecloset(衣橱)?”Jessicaasked.
“Askeletoninthecloset?”hermotherpausedthoughtfully.“Well,it’ssomethingthatyouwouldrathernothave 21
know about. For example, ifin the past, someone in Dad’s family had beenarrested for stealing a horse,it would be ‘a
skeletoninhisfamily’scloset’.Hereallywouldn’twantanyneighbortoknowaboutit.”
21．A．yourself B．nobodyelse C．anyoneelse D．someoneelse
【答案】C
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意：这件事你可不想让其他人知道。A.yourself你自己；B.nobodyelse没有其他人；
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C.anyoneelse其他人；D.someoneelse其他人。此处表示除了自己以外的其他人，且根据下文“Hereallywouldn’t
wantanyneighbortoknowaboutit.”可知这件事你可不想让其他人知道。故选C。
【例 6】“Why pick on my family?” Jessica’s father said with anger. “Your family history isn’t so good, you know.
Wasn’t your great-great-grandfather a prisoner who was transported toAustralia for his 25 ?” “Yes. but people
these days say that you are not a realAustralian unless your 26 arrived as prisoners.” “Gosh, sorry I asked. I
thinkIunderstandnow,”Jessicacutinbeforethingsgrewworse.
25．A．contributions B．passion C．crimes D．errors
26．A．parents B．family C．youngergeneration D．ancestors
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的高曾祖父不是因为他的罪行被流放到澳大利亚的囚犯吗？A.contributions
贡献；B.passion热情；C.crimes犯罪；D.errors错误。根据上文“great-great-grandfatheraprisoner”可知此处指
杰西卡父亲的高曾祖父是一个因为犯罪被流放的囚犯，故选C。
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：是的，但是现在人们说，除非你的祖先是作为囚犯来到澳洲的，否则你就
不是真正的澳大利亚人。A.parents父母；B.family家人；C.youngergeneration年轻一代；D.ancestors祖先。
上文提到“great-great-grandfather”可见是指祖先是作为囚犯来到澳洲的。故选D。
规律方法：完形填空技巧之词汇复现
词汇复现包括原词复现、同义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现以及结构复现等。完形填空所选的文章都是具
有逻辑关系、意义相连的语篇，因此，在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后同义或反义、相互照应等
现象。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下
义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章，因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并
记忆相关信息的能力。
（1）原词或同根词复现
原词或同根词复现是指相同的单词或同根词在原文中反复出现，达到衔接文章的目的。
（2）同义词或近义词复现
同义词或近义词复现是指意义相同或相近的单词在原文中反复出现，以达到衔接文章的目的。在做完形填空试
题时，就可以利用这种衔接方式找到要填入单词的同义词或者近义词，从而也就找到了试题的答案。这也包括
了同源词复现，即相同词根构成的不同词性的单词在文章中反复出现。
（3）)反义词复现
反义词复现是指和前文中词义相反的单词在原文中出现，以达到衔接文章的目的。我们可以利用这一衔接手段
在文章中寻找要填入单词的反义词。
（4）结构复现
49/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
有时空格处的信息并不局限于与前一句中某个信息点的重复，可能是与前几句中的某个信息点的重复，也不局
限于同词复现或同义复现，甚至连句式结构都非常类似。
【变式精讲】
【例1】
ChelsieHillhaddreamedofbecomingadancersincetheageofthree.Thatambitionnearlyendedonenightin
2010.Hill，thena17-year-oldhighschoolstudent，wasinacaraccident ，whichleftherparalyzed(瘫痪)fromthe
waistdown.Formostpeople，thatwouldhaveruinedanyhopeofadancingcareer.ForHill,herwheelchairencouraged
herandshewantedtoprovethatshewasstillnormal.
Hill did it in her 25 right with hernon-disabled high schooldanceteam.After graduation，Hill wanted to
expandherdancenetworktoincludewomenlikeher.
25．A．courtyard B．classroom C．wheelchair D．club
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：希尔坐在轮椅上和她的非残障高中舞蹈队一起表演。A.courtyard庭院；B.classroom
教室； C.wheelchair轮椅； D.club俱乐部。根据前文讲她在一场车祸中腰部以下瘫痪，从此坐上了轮椅可知，
她是在轮椅上和她的非残障高中舞蹈队一起表演。故选C。
【例2】AsIrealizednottoolate,“Strong-willedchildrenarea 33 ,notacurse(诅咒)!”（反义复现）
33．A．wish B．blessing C．choice D．fate
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我还不是太晚地意识到“意志坚定的”孩子是幸事而不是祸事时。A.wish
愿望；B.blessing祝福，幸事；C.choice选择；D.fate命运。blessing与notacurse意义相对。故选B。
【例3】IrealizedthisrecentlywhiletravelinginItaly,whereclotheslinesareeverywhere.“Trytothinkofitasanart
exhibition,”Isaid.“Idoubtifour 24 willconsiderittobeart,”hesaid.Hehadapoint.Americanshavea
reputationforbeinganti-clothesline.Nooneelsehasaclotheslineinmyneighborhood.
24．A．children B．parents C．friends D．neighbors
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我怀疑我们的邻居是否会认为这是艺术，”他说。A.children孩子；B.parents
父母；C.friends朋友；D.neighbors邻居。根据后文“Americanshaveareputationforbeinganti-clothesline.Noone
elsehasaclotheslineinmyneighborhood.”可知丈夫在担心邻居会反对晾衣绳。故选D。
【例4】Bysixp.m.,shewasalreadyexhausted,butsheusuallyfeltitherdutytostaylateorgooutforordrinkswith
50/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
coworkers. Susan wanted to start her own business, and was taking steps to prepare herself financially and
professionally.However,mostevenings she wastoo 26 to make much progress onherown businessplan,and
shefearedthatshe’dbestuckinherpresentjobforever.
26．A．nervous B．sad C．excited D．tired
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，大多数晚上她都太累了，无法在自己的商业计划上取得进展，她
担心自己会永远困在目前的工作中。A.nervous紧张的；B.sad悲伤的；C.excited激动的；D.tired疲惫的。根
据上文“shewasalreadyexhausted”可知苏珊每天工作完都太累了。故选D。
【例5】ThiswasasmartmoveforSusan.Italsodemonstratesanimportantwillpowerrule:ifyouneverseemtohave
thetimeandenergyforyour“Iwill”challenge,scheduleitforwhenyouhavethemost 35 .
35．A．strength B．interest C．influence D．progress
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这也示范了一个重要的意志力法则：如果你似乎从来没有为你的“Iwill”挑
战付出过时间和精力，就把它安排在你最有力量的时候。A.strength力量；B.interest兴趣；C.influence影响；
D.progress进步。结合上文中“tohavethetimeandenergy”可知此处表示如果没有为挑战付出过时间和经历，那
么就把它安排在你最有力量（strength）的时候，其他选项不符合语境。故选A。
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考点 2 习惯搭配
【构建知识体系】
考点1词汇复现
考点2习惯搭配
完型填空 考点3行文逻辑
考点4生活常识和文化背景
考点5瞻前顾后揣摩语境
【命题解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
在一篇约 250 词的短 主要测验学生的语言综合运用能力，包括词语
既考
文中留出20个空白，要求 查考生的 辨析能力、语法结构分析能力、语篇理解能力、逻
考生从每题的给的 4 个选 英语基础 辑推理能力、文化背景透析能力、作者意图剖析能
知识，又考
项中选出最佳选项，使补 力和生活常识综合运用能力。该题型分值高（30分，
查考生综
足的短文意思通顺、前后 占整个卷面总分的45%）、区分度强，是考生最容易
合运用语
连贯、结构完整。 “拉开距离”的一项测试。
言的能力，
考点2 习惯搭配
1. 【全国新课标 I】I hatelying to the kids. One daythey’ll 47 anddiscover thateverything they’ve always
knownaboutwindowsisalie.
47．A．winout B．giveup C．wakeup D．standout
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于
窗户的一切，是一个谎言。A.winout最后获得成功；B.giveup放弃；C.wakeup开始了解真相；D.standout
站出来。根据anddiscoverthateverythingthey'vealwaysknownaboutwindowsisa 48.可知有一天，孩子们会开
始了解真相。故选C。
2.【全国新课标I】Windowsanddoorshaveimportantmetaphorical(比喻)meanings.I’mtellingthemtheycan’topen
whattheyabsolutelyknowisadoor.Whatiflaterinlifetheycometoametaphorical(比喻)door,likean
opportunity(机会)ofsomesort,and 55 openingthedoorandtakingtheopportunity,theyjust 56 it
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andwonder, ＂Whatifitisn’tadoor?＂ Thatis, ＂Whatifitisn’tarealopportunity?＂
Maybeit’sanunreasonablefear.Butthe 58 isthatIshouldn’tlietomykids.
55．A．bycomparisonwith B．inadditionto C．regardlessof D．insteadof
56．A．getholdof B．stareat C．knockon D．makeuseof
58．A．safetyrule B．comfortzone C．bottomline D．topsecret
【答案】D
【解析】考查短语辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是
打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。 A.bycomparisonwith与……
相比；B.inadditionto除……之外；C.regardlessof不管；D.insteadof而不是。对孩子们撒谎，今后，孩子们
面对生活中的“门”时，会观望，而不是打开“门”。故选D。
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们
不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。A.getholdof抓住；B.stare
at凝视；C.knockon敲击（门、窗）；D.makeuseof利用。孩子们遇到机会，不是马上抓住它，而是在考虑很
多问题。由此可知，孩子们在凝视着“机会”。故选B。
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词短语词义辨析。句意：但是，底线是我不应该对我的孩子们撒谎。Asafetyrule安全守则；B.
comfortzone舒适带;C.bottomline底线；D.topsecret绝密的。根据Ishouldn'tlietomykids.可知这是我的底线。
故选C。
3.【全国新课标II】ItwasjustaftersunriseonaJunemorning.“Nicolo,”whoserealnamecannotbe 41 tothe
publicbecauseofItaly’sprivacylaws,finishedworkingthewholenightatafactoryinTurin.Asheoftendid,he
stoppedbythe“afterworkauction(拍卖)”runbytheItalianpolicewherethingsfoundonthetrainsweresoldtothe
highestbidder.
41．A．attached B．allocated C．exposed D．submitted
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo完成了一整夜在Turin一家工厂的工作，他的真实名字因意大利的
隐私法不能暴露给公众。A.attached参加；B.allocated分配；C.exposed暴露；D.submitted上交。根据下文的
becauseofItaly'sprivacy可知此处用beexposedto“暴露”符合语境，故选C。
4. 【全国新课标II】Hisson,age15,whohad 49 anartappreciationclass,thoughtthattherewassomething
unusualabouttheonewithayounggirlsittingonagardenchair.
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49．A．missed B．failed C．taken D．led
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他15岁的儿子在上一门艺术欣赏课，他认为那幅有一个年轻女孩坐在花园
椅子上的画是不寻常的。A.missed错过；B.failed失败；C.taken拿；D.led导致。根据句意可知，此处考查固
定短语takeclasses“上课”，故选C。
5. 【全国新课标 II】 I remember the first really difficult customer we had at Covent Garden. She was. 49
absolutelyeverything,nothingwasrightandIwasrathersurprisedthatshebecamea“regular".Afterawhile,she 51
for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat
52 ,andsinceshe’dfoundittoomuchtocopewith(应对),she’dtakenitoutonotherpeople.
49.A.curiousabout B.displeasedwith C.patientwith D.uncertainabout
51.A.searched B.argued C.prayed D.apologized
52.A.bychance B.byherself C.onpurpose D.onduty
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她对每件事都很不满意，没有什么是对的，令我相当惊讶的是，她居然成
了“常客”。A. curious about好奇；B. displeased with对……不满意；C. patient with对……有耐心；D. uncert
ain about对……不能肯定。结合后文nothing was right可知这个顾客对一切都不满意。故选B。
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久，她为自己一开始的行为道歉。A. searched搜索；B. argued争论；C.
prayed祈祷；D. apologized道歉。顾客一开始很难缠，对一切都不满，结果后来成了常客，她开始为自己一
开始的行为道歉。apologize for“为某事道歉”。故选D。
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，现在一个人住在一套公寓里，因为她觉得实在难
以应付，就把气撒在别人身上。A. by chance偶然；B. by herself她独自地；C. on purpose故意地；D. on du
ty值班。结合上文She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat可知女顾客和丈夫
分居了，因此现在是独自住在一套公寓里。故选B。
6. 【全国新课标II】Always wateritdownanddon’tletyourego(自我)get 58 .If youdo,youwon’beableto
handleitandthewholethingdevelopsintoanunpleasantsceneandthatruinseveryone’sday.
58.A.outofsight B.intheway C.behindthescene D.abovethelaw
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：一定要淡化它，不要让你的自我妨碍你。A.outofsight看不见；B.intheway
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妨碍，挡道；C.behindthescene幕后；D.abovethelaw凌驾于法律之上。上文作者提到不要太在意这些顾客，
要淡化这种不好的情绪，不要让自己的自我妨碍了自己。故选B。
7. 【浙江卷】
I’vebeenfarmingsheeponahillsidefor54years.Iuseasmalltractortogetabout.MydogDonalwayssits
besidemeinthepassengerscat.
One morning I spotted a lost lamb when I was in the top field，near where a motorway cuts through my land.The
lamb had become separated from its mother, so I jumped out of the tractor to_____38____ it while Don stayed in his
scat.
38．A．askabout B．playwith C．tendto D．runinto
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以我跳下拖拉机去照看它，而Don还坐在它的
座位上。A.askabout询问；B.playwith同……一起玩；C.tendto照看；D.runinto撞上。上文说小羊和它的妈
妈走散了，所以可以推测出我跳下拖拉机去照看它。故选C。
8.【浙江卷】MyheartfrozeinmychestasIsawthetractorheadingtowardsthemotorway.Irandesperatelybutfailed
to 45 .Itcrashedthroughawoodenfenceanddisappeared.ThelastthingI sawwasDon’sface,looking calmly
backatme.
45．A．takeoff B．catchup C．holdback D．getout
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我拼命地跑，但没能追上。A.takeoff 起飞； B.catchup追上； C.
holdback阻止；D.getout出去。根据Irandesperately以及下文Itcrashedthroughawoodenfenceanddisappeared.
可知我没有追上拖拉机。故选B。
9. 【全国II】
It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central lowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home,
followingaweekendofhunting.Ehlers___41___aboutthesmalldoghehadseentremblingalongsidetheroad.Hehad
triedtocoax(哄)thedogtohimbut,frightened,ithad___44___.
41.A.read B.forgot C.thought D.heard
44.A.calmeddown B.stoodup C.rolledover D.runoff
【答案】C
【解析】根据空格前面的Duringthelongtriphome,followingaweekendofhunting可知，Ehlers打猎一周，正驱
车回家。再根据后面的thesmalldoghehadseen….frightened,ithad 44 .可知，他本想哄劝那条他遇见的狗，
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但是由于受到了惊吓，那条狗跑了，因此他在开车回家的路上一直想着这条狗。此处固定短语thinkabout想着。
故选C。
【答案】D
【解析】与前面的but构成转折的意思，虽然Ehlers想哄劝狗，到他身边，帮助它，但是由于害怕，它跑掉了，
也与下文的lost等呼应。故选D。
10. 【全国II】 JeffhadhuntedinIowabeforeThanksgivingwithhisdog,Rosie,butthegunshotshadscaredthedog
off.Jeffsearched___55___forRosieinthenextfourdays.
55.A.onpurpose B.ontime C.inturn D.invain
【答案】D
【解析】 结合上文Ethers发现了Rosie和本句的Jeffsearched 55 forRosieinthenextfourdays语境，说明
Jeff找了四天，也没有找到他的狗。即徒劳无功。故选D。
11.【全国I】TheenvironmentalchallengesaresignificantbuttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthority
seemtobe___49___.
ThebestofaKilimanjaro experience,inmyopinion,isn’treachingthetop.Mountains are___51___asspiritualplaces
bymanycultures.
49.A.payingoff B.spreadingout C.blowingup D.fadingaway
51.A.studied B.observed C.explored D.regarded
【答案】A
【解析】由“but”可知，前后表示转折关系，说明坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。payoff
得到回报；spreadout伸展；blowup爆炸；fadeaway；逐渐消退。故选A。
【答案】D
【解析】由“spiritualspace”,可知，山被许多文化视为精神场所。study学习，研究；observed观察；explore探
索；regard认为。beregardedas意为“被视为......”符合句意。故选D。
12. 【全国卷 III】Wednesday, residents(居民)of Rjukan received their very first ray of winter sunshine:A row of
reflectiveboardsonanearbymountainsidewereputto___48___.Themirrors arecontrolledbyacomputerthatdirects
themtoturnalongwiththesunthroughoutthedayandtocloseduringwindyweather.
48.A.repair B.risk C.rest D.use
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A.repair修理；B.risk风险；C.rest 休息；D.use使用。根据前一句theirvery
firstrayofwintersunshine可知，获得了冬天的第一缕阳光，是由于反射板投入使用了，故选D。 putsthtouse
56/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
把某物投入使用。
13. 【全国II】 “Something’snotright!”ItookoffmyT-shirtand___49___intothewater.
49.A.stared B.sank C.dived D.fell
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据上文皮划艇有麻烦和下文我去帮忙救人可知，我脱掉我的T恤衫，跳入水中。
A.stared盯着看，目不转睛地看，凝视；B.sank下沉，沉没；C.dived潜水，跳水；D.fell打倒；击倒。故选C。
此处是固定短语：diveintothewater：纵身跳入水中。
14.【全国II】Ihelpedcarrytheyoungmanoutofthewater.HewasunconsciousandasIlookedathisface,something
___52___tome.
52.A.happened B.occurred C.applied D.appealed
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据句意可知，当我看着他的脸时，我想到了一些事情。occur跟to短语时，表
示“想到”，而不是“发生”，happen后接不定式，是"碰巧"的意思。故选B。
15. 【全国II】 Istillcan’tbelievewhatacoincidenceitwas.I’mjustsogladIwasthere___60___tohelpmyson.
60.A.onboard B.intime C.forsure D.onpurpose
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词词组词义辨析。我高兴的是我在那儿及时帮助了我的儿子。A.onboard在船上；B.intime及
时；C.forsure肯定；D.onpurpose目的。故选B。
【精讲研法】
考点2 习惯搭配
【做题实践中找规律】
【例1】Carnegiewaspopularandalwaysdrewfavorableattention.Hewasgoodattaking 46 oftheconnections
hemadethroughhisbusinessandthesocialeventsheattended.
46．A．charge B．advantage C．possession D．notice
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：他善于利用自己通过生意和参加的社交活动建立人脉关系。Acharge 充电；B
advantage 优势；Cpossession 财产；Dnotice通告。根据“Carnegietookeveryopportunity”得知，卡内基善于利
生意和社交活动建立人脉关系。takeadvantageof 是固定短语，表示“利用”，故选B。
【例2】AsIcheckedout,theownerofthemotel 26 meforstayingwithhimandgavemeafreshredappleto
57/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
eatasIdroveonmyway.
26．A．assisted B．convincedC．praised D．thanked
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我退房的时候，汽车旅馆的老板感谢我和他待在一起，并给了我一个新
鲜的红苹果让我在开车回家时吃。A.assisted帮助；B.convinced信服；C.praised赞扬；D.thanked感谢。thank
sb.fordoingsth.因做某事而感谢某人。根据下文的“gavemeafreshredappletoeatasIdroveonmyway.”可推知，
汽车旅馆的老板感谢作者和他待在一起。故选D。
【例3】Atnearlyalloftheseconferences,IhavetoldmystoryabouthowthegreatserviceattheCentralMotelandthe
littleextratouchofthefreshredappleonmydeparture 30 metostayagain.
30．A．insisted B．accepted C．encouraged D．left
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：几乎在所有这些会议上，我都讲述了自己的故事，讲述了中央汽车旅馆的
优质服务，以及临行时新鲜的红苹果给我的一点额外的感动，是如何鼓励我再次入住的。A.insisted坚持；B.
accepted结束；C.encouraged鼓励；D.left离开。encouragesb.todo鼓励某人做某事。汽车旅馆的服务和细节
鼓励了作者再次入住。故选C。
【例4】ButwhenIthinkaboutthedanger, 36 theroadisfarmoredangerous,andalsoit'ssomethingwhereI'm
notincontrol.
36．A．crossing B．paving C．mending D．cleaning
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：但是当我想到危险的时候，过马路要危险得多，而且这是我无法控制的事情。
A.crossing穿过，越过；B.paving铺路；C.mending修理；D.cleaning打扫。作者对人们的问题，很淡定的回
答，提及危险的话，其实盲人过马路可能会更加危险，这个是他们无法掌控的。crosstheroad“过马路”，故选A。
【例5】Mr.Henry 30 through the streetsand drovethrough redlights. Soonthere was apolice carbehindhim.
Mr. Henry raced on until he reached the station. He stopped in front of the station at two minutes to three, and the
youngmanquicklyjumpedoutofthetaxi.
30．A．walked B．flew C．raced D．looked
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Henry 在大街上疾驰，并且闯红灯。10.A.walked走；B.flew飞 ；C.raced
赛跑；D.looked看。由下文“drovethroughredlights.”可知，司机开的飞快，racethrough“疾驰”。故选 C。
【例 6】These experiences taughtAidan that age is only a number and that anyone can make a difference.And he is
determinedto 35 hisexperienceswithotherkids.
35．A．share B．save C．follow D．ignore
58/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他决定和其他孩子分享他的经历。A.share分享；B.save拯救；C.follow
跟随；D.ignore忽略。sharesth.withsb.和某人分享某物。根据"hisexperienceswithotherkids"得知，Aidan决定
和更多的孩子分享(share)他的经历。故选A。
规律方法：完形填空技巧之习惯搭配
英语语言中的很多词汇均以短语搭配的形式出现，完形填空中的词汇也不例外。很多时候，在分析语境、
理清空白处含义的基础上，利用对词汇前后搭配的分析可以快速、准确地推断完形填空的未知信息。所谓前后
搭配主要是指动词(名词、形容词等)与介词的搭配、动词与其宾语的搭配、句式结构和各种习惯搭配。在解答
完形填空题时，充分考虑这些搭配关系，有助于我们做出正确选择。
一、动介搭配
During this period Dale was slowly developing an inferiority complex (自卑感), which his mother knew could
________himfromachievinghisrealpotential.
A.prevent B.protect C.save D.free
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A.prevent阻止；B.protect保护；C.save拯救；D.free释放。这里考查短语
preventsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事。他的母亲知道这能够阻止他获得他的真正的潜能。故选A。
二、动宾搭配
Thesquirrelshadno__12__cominguprighttomeforthem.
12．A.business B．fun C．problem D．privilege
【答案】C
【解析】havenoproblem(in)doingsth做某事没问题。松鼠没什么问题，它们直接就过来吃。business商业，
事情；fun快乐；problem问题；privilege特权。
三、介词搭配
1. ____ me,Simonhadbecomeadifferentperson.
A.Becauseof B.Inspiteof
C.Apartfrom D.Asfor
【答案】A
【解析】考查短语辨析以及对语境的理解。因为我的原因，Simon完全变了一个人。 此处A.因为；B.尽管；
C.除了……之外；D.至于。根据文意可知选A。
2.whothenshowedusapostershehadpainted thetalentshow.
59/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
A.at B.after
C.for D.around
【答案】 C
【解析】考查介词。根据文章内容，这里是老师拿出一张“才艺秀”做的海报。for意为“为…的；供…的。”。
四、句式搭配
__28__shehadaslicetoeat，shenever__29__theoneonherhead.Itwasafair__30__—Igotapleasure，andshe
hadyetanothertastytreat.
28．A.Evenif B．Eversince C．Asfaras D．Solongas
29．A.welcomed B．required C．bothered D．expected
30．A.trade B．competition C．task D．affair
【答案】28-30DCA
【解析】28.D 只要“她”有胡萝卜片吃着，“她”从来就不会为头顶上的东西感到烦恼。evenif即使；ever
since自从；asfaras就……而言；solongas只要。
29.C 参考上题解析。welcome欢迎；require要求；bother操心，烦恼；expect期待。
30.A 这是一场公平交易——“我”获得了快乐，而“她”也得到另一份美味佳肴。trade 贸易，交易；
competition比赛，竞争；task任务；affair事情，事务。
五、句型搭配
Itwasthen25 Istartedtoappreciatethetoughchoicesshehadtomakeonbalancingfamilyandwork.
A.when B.where
C.which D.that
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查的是“itis…that”强调句型，意为“到那时我才开始感激妈妈在权衡家庭和工作时所面临
的艰难的抉择。”。
六、习语搭配
“Youshouldmindyourown________！”Dianerepliedandwalkedintothegentlewaves.
A．business B．swimsuit
C．friends D．parents
【答案】 A
【解析】由前文信息可知，她应该是说“你少管闲事”。mindone'sownbusiness意为“少管闲事”，符合语境。
【变式精讲】
60/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【例1】
“What's all this tree-planting for? " I was asked when I began writing about restoring(修复) a piece of land I had
purchased in Somerset. The truth is, I just love trees.And I am not alone “As I get older, all I really 38 is to
planttrees ,” Prince Charles says in a BBC programme in which he is filmed in the wood he planted on the day Prince
Georgewasborn.
38．A．objectto B．giveaway C．takeup D．longfor
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在BBC的一档节目中，查尔斯王子说:“随着年龄的增长，我真正渴望的就
是种树。”查尔斯王子在乔治王子出生的那天种下树，该节目就是在那片林地里拍摄的。A.objectto反对；B.give
away赠送，泄露；C.takeup拿起，占据，开始从事；D.longfor渴望。根据下文“inthewoodheplanted…”可知，
查尔斯王子渴望种树。故选D。
【例2】
In order to save the environment, everybody has a role to play.The perfect example of someone who knows this well
enough is a70-year-old grandmother,Pat Smith. 42 with bags, rubbergloves anda rubbish picker,shespentan
entire year collecting rubbish and caring for 52 British beaches after she made it her New Year’s resolution to clean
onebeacheachweek.SheevenspentherChristmasDaypickingupplasticbottlesonTrevoneBeach.
42．A．Associated B．Armed C．CombinedD．Rewarded
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：PatSmith带着垃圾袋、橡胶手套和捡破烂机，在她年的新年决心之后，她
花了整整一年的时间来捡垃圾，并照顾52个英国海滩。A.Associated联系；B.Armed武装；C.Combined将……
结合起来 ；D.Rewarded奖励。分析可知，armedwith…武装/装备……，这里用比较形象的方式来描述PatSmith
当时的形象，她以这些东西来武装自己，故选B。
【例3】Ihopemyeffortswillhelppeoplebemore 55 oftheirplasticconsumptionandrecyclinghabits.”
55．A．proud B．curious C．skeptical D．aware
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望我的努力能帮助人们意识到对塑料的消费和回收的习惯。A.proud
骄傲的；B.curious好奇的；C.skeptical怀疑的；D.aware意识到的。这里指帮助人们也形成保护环境的意识，
beawareofsth...意识到某事，符合题意，故选D。
【例4】
Molly’ssparebedroomis filledwith decadesofclassroommemories.The schoolyearbooks pileupontheshelf.Even
61/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
more shelves arefullof old lessonplans. “I reallyneedto clear them out,”she admits. Butthere’s onebookMolly will
never 43 .It’sabigbookwithastrikingorangecover,sittingproudlyonatable.
43．A．payfor B．putoff C．throwaway D．handin
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：但有一本书莫莉永远不会扔掉。A.payfor支付；B.putoff推迟；C.throwaway
丢弃；D.handin上交。结合后文可知，这本书里有学生写给她的信，莫莉永远不会扔掉，but表示转折。故选
C。
【例5】Mylegsgave 28 asIreachedtheothersideoftheroad.Ishouldhavefollowedupmy“wait”witha
handonhershoulder,ora(n)explanationofwhywewereignoringthegreenmanthistime,especiallyasIhadineffect
taughthertocrosstheroad 32 thegreenflash.
I beatmyself up for months, andstill do,with flashbacks and horribleassumption aboutwhatmight have been. 33
your sounding your horn, seeing what I hadn’t seen, I would have been left a mother on the other side of the road,
totallybroken.
28．A．in B．up C．way D．life
32．A．regardlessof B．atthesightof C．intermsof D．inspiteof
33．A．Butfor B．Thanksto C．Insteadof D．Inreturnfor
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我走到路的另一边时，我的腿都软了。A.givein屈服，让步；B.giveup
放弃；C.giveway倒塌，失去控制；D.givelife 给予生命。根据最后一段中“horribleassumption”可知，作者当
时吓坏了。故选C。
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：实际上我已经教会她看到绿灯闪烁就过马路了。A.regardlessof不管，不
顾；B.atthesightof一看见；C.intermsof在……方面；D.inspiteof尽管。根据第二段中“asthegreenmanflashed,
thatmydaughterhadbeguntorunintotheroad.”可推测，女儿之所以会跑向马路，是因为作者曾经教她一看到绿
灯就过马路。故选B。
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：要不是你按响了喇叭，看到了我所没有看到的，我可能会被遗弃在路的另
一边，一个彻底崩溃的母亲。A.Butfor要不是；B.Thanksto幸亏C.Insteadof而不是；D.Inreturnfor作为……
的回报。根据上文可知，“your sounding your horn, seeing what I hadn’t seen”是实际情况，又根据“horrible
assumption”可知，此处只是作者的一种假设。故选A。
62/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
考点 3 行文逻辑
【构建知识体系】
考点1词汇复现
考点2习惯搭配
完型填空 考点3行文逻辑
考点4生活常识和文化背景
考点5瞻前顾后揣摩语境
【命题解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
在一篇约 250 词的短 主要测验学生的语言综合运用能力，包括词语
既考
文中留出20个空白，要求 查考生的 辨析能力、语法结构分析能力、语篇理解能力、逻
考生从每题的给的 4 个选 英语基础 辑推理能力、文化背景透析能力、作者意图剖析能
知识，又考
项中选出最佳选项，使补 力和生活常识综合运用能力。该题型分值高（30分，
查考生综
足的短文意思通顺、前后 占整个卷面总分的45%）、区分度强，是考生最容易
合运用语
连贯、结构完整。 “拉开距离”的一项测试。
言的能力，
【剖析全国高考真题】
考点3 行文逻辑
1. 【浙江省高考英语试卷】Everyonewasso 20 andlike-mindedthatitwasvery 21 tofeelathome.
20．A．confident B．friendly C．energetic D．curious
21．A．funny B．good C．lucky D．easy
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A.confident
自信的；B.friendly友好的；C.energetic活力的；D.curious好奇的。根据后文“andlike-minded”可推断，作者感
觉大家都很友好。故选B。同类关系
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A.funny
63/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
搞笑的；B.good好的；C.lucky幸运的；D.easy容易的。根据 “thatlike-minded”和“feelathome”得知大家都很
友好并且志趣相投，感觉到家的温暖很容易。故选D。同类关系
2. 【浙江卷】Myjobwastobuildastairwayoutofrock.Thismeantclimbingupanddownthesideofamountain
inhabited(栖息)bymountainlions,althoughIshouldsaytheywereonlyheard,never 27 .
27．A．hunted B．trained C．seen D．fed
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我应该说他们只被听说过，从没被亲眼见过。A.hunted捕猎；B.trained
训练；C.seen看到；D.fed喂养。根据前文“althoughIshouldsaytheywereonlyheard”可知，作者以前没有见过。
故选C。转折关系
3. 【·山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】Afloodhadhittheareaearlierthatyearandthedamageitcausedhad
drivenawayanumberofbirds. 25 ,thenumberofsnakeshaddeclinedaswell.
25．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise
25．考查副词词义辨析。句意:此外，蛇的数量也减少了。A.Besides此外，另外；B.However但是；C.Therefore
因此；D.Otherwise否则。根据aswell可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。故
选A。并列关系
4. 【·天津卷】Jonesgottheideaafterhehadtalkedwithanelderlyladywhohadbeencheatedofhermoney.Thelady
would get a call from a stranger every morning who eventually made her believe that he was her friend, and then she
lenthimabout“￡31,000.Joneswas 21 whenshesaidthatshedidn’tactuallymindbeingcheated.“Otherwise,
Iwouldneverspeaktoanotherpersonforweeksonend,”shesaid.
21．A．ashamed B．shocked C．excited D．amused
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当这位老妇人说她实际上并不介意被骗时，琼斯很震惊。A.ashamed羞愧
的；B.shocked震惊的；C.excited兴奋的；D.amused愉悦的。按照正常的逻辑，一个人被骗了很多钱，她一定
会很生气。然而，这位老妇人却说她不介意。所以琼斯很震惊。故选B。因果关系
5. 【·江苏卷】 WhenWilsonheatedit,thecontainer 43 ,leavingWilsonblindedinbotheyes.
43．A．erupted B．exploded C．emptied D．exposed
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当威尔逊把它加热时，容器爆炸了，导致威尔逊失明。A.erupted爆发，喷
出；B.exploded爆炸；C.emptied腾空，掏空；D.exposed揭露，使暴露。因为容器内装的不是水，而是更容易
挥发的物质，所以，当威尔逊把它加热时，容器“爆炸”了，导致Wilson失明。故选B。（因果关系，爆炸是失
明的原因）
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6.【·江苏卷】Helearnedbraille(盲文)quicklyandcontinuedhiseducationatWorcesterCollegefortheBlind.There,
henotonlydidwellasastudentbutalsobecamea(n) 47 publicspeaker.
47．A．accomplished B．crucial C．specific D．innocent
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他不仅是一名出色的学生，而且成为了一名出色的演说家。A.
accomplished才华高的，有成就的；B.crucial至关重要的，关键性的；C.specific特定的，具体的；D.innocent
无辜的，天真的。前一句提到威尔逊很快学会了盲文，并在伍斯特盲人学院继续接受教育。结合该句中的not
only…butalso…可以推知，他不仅是个好学生，而且是个非常好的公共演说家。故选A。递进关系
7. 【·江苏卷】 Wilsonreceivedseveralinternationalawardsforhisgreatcontributions.Helosthissightbutfounda
54 .Heprovedthatit’snotwhathappenstousthat 55 ourlives-it’swhatwemakeofwhathappens.
54．A．fortune B．recipe C．dream D．vision
55．A．distinguishes B．determines C．claims D．limits
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他失明了，但找到了视野。A.fortune运气，财富；B.recipe食谱，秘诀；
C.dream梦，梦想；D.vision视野。根据前文叙述可知，虽然威尔逊失明了，但是他却通过努力，帮助了很多
人，为世界做出了巨大贡献。由此推知，他虽然看不见，但是他的“眼界”开阔，做到了很多人都做不到的事情。
故选D。（转折关系）
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活，而是我们如何
看待发生的事情。A.distinguishes区分，辨别；B.determines决定；C.claims宣称；D.limits限制。结合第一段
中的“Success fundamentallyonourviewofourselvesandofthe inourlives”可知，成功从根本上取决
于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。即：并不是发生的事情“决定”我们的生活，而是我们对发生的事
情的看法“决定”了我们的生活。故选B。（并列关系）
8【. ·全国新课标II】ItwasjustaftersunriseonaJunemorning.“Nicolo,”whoserealnamecannotbe 41 tothe
publicbecauseofItaly’sprivacylaws,finishedworkingthewholenightatafactoryinTurin.
41．A．attached B．allocated C．exposed D．submitted
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo完成了一整夜在Turin一家工厂的工作，他的真实名字因意大利的
隐私法不能暴露给公众。A.attached参加；B.allocated分配；C.exposed暴露；D.submitted上交。根据下文的
becauseofItaly'sprivacy可知此处用beexposedto“暴露”符合语境，故选C。（因果关系）
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9. 【·全国II】Hehadtriedtocoax(哄)thedogtohimbut,frightened,ithad___44___.
44.A.calmeddown B.stoodup C.rolledover D.runoff
【答案】D
【解析】与前面的but构成转折的意思，虽然Ehlers想哄劝狗，到他身边，帮助它，但是由于害怕，它跑掉了。
故选D。（转折关系；因果关系）
10.(·江苏)Bornataninternationalcranefoundation,Emmawasraisedbyhumancaretakers.Thisledtoanunexpected
consequence,thoughshehadawonderfultimethere.Emmahadnevertakenherselfasacraneandbecomedeeply
attachedtohumans.Sherefusedtolivewithmalecranes,andevenhadareputationforkillingsomeofthem,which
madeitimpossibleforhertobecomeamother.
___46___, the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the extinction(灭绝)of this precious species. With their patience and
efforts,theysuccessfullydevelopedacombinationofartificialbreeding(人工繁殖)andnaturalreproduction.
46.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.However D.Instead
【答案】C
【解析】根据前文可知，Emma拒绝和雄鹤一起生活，甚至想要杀死它们，据此可以判断，这很难能让她成为
母亲；根据该句可知，这两位动物园员工不想看到这个珍稀物种绝迹，据此可知，空处前后文之间为转折关系，
However然而，表示转折，故选C。（转折关系）
11.【·全国卷III】The3,500residentscannotallenjoythesunshineatthesametime.___57___,thenewlightfeelslike
morethanenoughforthetown’ssun-starvedresidents.
57.A.Instead B.However C.Gradually D.Similarly
【答案】B
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A.Instead代替；B.However然而；C.Gradually逐渐地；D.Similarly相似地。前
一句意思为并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，后一句，新的光线为小镇人们的意义不仅仅提供光线，
故可知前后句属于转折关系，故选B。（转折关系）
66/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【精讲研法】
考点3 行文逻辑
【做题实践中找规律】
【例1】Blueinterrupted:“Youonlythinkabouttheearth, 44 considertheskyandthesea.
44．A．and B．so C．or D．but
【答案】D
【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：蓝色打断他的话:“你只考虑了地上，但想想天空和海洋吧。”A.and和；B.so
所以；C.or或者；D.but但是。根据前后文逻辑可知，其他颜色只从大地的角度考虑，未想到天空和大海，前
后逻辑为转折关系，故用but。故选D。
【例2】Theincidentremindedmethat 34 minorcomplaints,wehaveawonderfullife.Evenwhen
Thanksgivingispast,Istillplantocontinuethisthankfulnessjourney.Ithinkitcanchangeanattitudetogratitude .
34．A．inspiteof B．intermsof C．incaseof D．inplaceof
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：这件事提醒我，尽管有一些小抱怨，我们的生活还是很美好的。A.inspite
of尽管……；B.intermsof从……角度看；C.incaseof万一……；D.inplaceof代替……。根据“minorcomplaints”
以及“awonderfullife”可知，前后部分存在对立关系，本句意在表示，尽管生活中有些微不如意之处，但整体而
言我们的生活很美好。故选A项。
【例3】
Sometimes we get lucky when we do something wrong. 53 , sometimes we don’t. I often wonder what
becameofthosewhodidn’tmakeittograduation.Thesurestwaytostayoutoftroubleistoavoiditinthefirstplace.
53．A．Anyhow B．Furthermore C．Still D．Therefore
【答案】C
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：有时候我们做错事是很幸运的。但，有时我们却不是。A. Anyhow 总之，
无论怎样；B. Furthermore 此外，而且；C. Still 但；D. Therefore 因此。根据句意 有时候我们做错事是
“
很幸运的 和 有时我们不是 可知前后文为转折关系，所以应用still(但)连接，故选C。
” “ ”
【例4】Iwantedhimtoexperiencehisfreedom,alongwithfeelingplayinginthesnow, 27 Ididn'tlethimout
often.
27．A．when B．after C．until D．since
【答案】D
【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我想让他体验一下他的自由，感受一下在雪里玩耍的感觉，因为我不经常
让他出去。A.when当……时候；B.after在……之后；C.until直到；D.since自从，因为。引导原因状语从句，
67/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
表示“因为”应用since。故选D。
【例5】
The farmer was tempted to fire him on the spot. 50 , he hurried outside to prepare for the storm. To his
amazement, he discovered everything had been tied down.The cows were in the barn, the chickens were in the coops,
andthedoorswerebarred.
50．A．Therefore B．Instead C．Meanwhile D．Moreover
【答案】B
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他急忙跑到外面去准备迎接风暴来袭。A.Therefore因此；B.Instead
反而；C.Meanwhile同时；D.Moreover而且。上文提到农场主本来想立即解雇这个人，结果相反，他自己跑到
外面为风暴做好准备去了。故选B。（相对关系）
【例 6】Thanks to her mom's influence，Loida grew up to become a doctor, which was hermom's childhood dream.
Afterworkingfor10yearsandsavingsomemoney，shethoughtitwasherturntomakehermomproud! 50 ,she
begantostudyforadoctor'sdegree.ButLoidadecidedtokeepitasecretfromhermom---fornearlythreeyears!
50．A．Still B．Even C．Again D．Then
【答案】D
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：后来，她开始攻读博士学位。A.Still仍然;B.Even甚至;C.Again又一次;D.
Then然后。前面谈到她下决心要让妈妈为她感到骄傲，因此这里在谈：然后，就开始攻读博士学位。故选D。
（先后关系）
规律方法：完形填空技巧之行文逻辑
完形填空首先考查的就是考生对文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空时，应把它看作一个意思连贯、
结构完整的语篇，而不是单项填空。做题时要善于利用段首句或首段最大限度地获取信息。完形填空的首句或
前几句话一般都是完整的，为考生提供足够的信息去挖掘文章的思路，而且，这里往往包含主题句，为理解文
章大意和主要内容提供必要的线索。此外，完形填空是具有完整内容且按照一定思路发展的文章，各段及各句
之间都有逻辑上的必然联系，因此还要注意把握文章发展的基本线索，搞清段与段、句与句之间的逻辑关系。
答题时，考生首先要树立起语篇概念，抓住文章主题思想，理清其结构布局， 明辨句子之间以及段落之间的
关系，利用句与句、句群与句群之间的逻辑关系解题。句子之间的逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系(连接词有and，
while等)；转折关系(连接词有but，however，whereas，nevertheless等)；因果关系(连接词有so，therefore，
thus，because,for，since，as等)；让步关系(连接词或短语有though，although，despite,inspiteof等)；条件
关系(连接词或短语有if，unless,once，providedthat，incaseof等)；解释关系(连接词或短语有i.e.，thatisto
say,inotherwords等)；顺序关系(连接词有before，after，and，first，second，then，next,finally等)。
一、因果关系
68/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
(节选)I'dalwaysthought，whileslicingupcarrots，thattheendlookedlikeacap.__25__oneday，justtoseewhat
shewoulddo，Igentlyplacedoneontopofthegroundhog'shead.
25．A.While B．Or C．So D．For
【答案】C
【解析】因此，有一天，想看看“她”会怎么做，“我”就轻轻地放了一个在那只土拨鼠的头顶上。前后两句为因
果关系。
二、同类关系
(节选)On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for 5 the
towelinthebathroom,notcleaninguptheirroomorrefusingtodotheshoppingatthesupermarket.
A.washing B.using
C.dropping D.replacing
【答案】C
【解析】文中notcleaningup和refusingtodo与选项中dropping存在同类关系。另一方面，青少年认为父母因
为仅仅是把浴室里的毛巾掉在地上、不清扫房间和拒绝去超市买东西，这些小事而责怪他们而不耐烦。该空要
根据连词or和其所连接的“notcleaningup”和“refusing”判断。“乱丢”和“不清扫” 、“拒绝买东西”并列，故选C。
三、相对关系
(节选)Although I would sure carry the pain of 26_______ with me along, Ahmed reminded me of the abundant
27_______intheworld.
26.A.loss B.failure C.fear D.regret
27.A.friendship B.devotion C.kindness D.justice
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义及语境运用。作者虽然还会因为丧夫而悲痛，但心灵得到了慰藉。A.loss丧失；B.failure
失败；C.fear恐惧；D.regret后悔。故选A。
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义及语境运用。修理工的举动让作者感觉到了人间的关爱。A.friendship友谊；B.devotion
奉献、专注；C.kindness关爱、仁爱；D.justice正义、公正。故选C。
此处26.A.loss 与27.C.kindness 存在相对关系。
四、转折关系
(节选)Hecouldn’treadhisownhandwriting. ____hewasabrightstudent.
30.A.so B.or C.for D.but
69/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【答案】D
【解析】“我们”知道，但是不得不试试。前后是转折的关系，故用but。故选D。
【变式精讲】
【例1】
In a 2015 study, researchers in Israel filmed handshakes between hundreds of strangers and found nearly a quarter
ofparticipantssniffedtheirhandsunconsciouslyafterwards. 31 ,theyconcludedthatahandshakemaybeusedto
detectchemicalsignals,andpossiblyasameansofcommunication–justasotheranimalsdobysmellingeachother.
31．A．Besides B．Therefore C．Meanwhile D．However
【答案】B
【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：因此，他们得出结论，握手可以用来检测化学信号，也可能是一种交流的手段
——就像其他动物通过嗅觉互相交流一样。A. Besides 另外；B.Therefore 因此；C. Meanwhile 与此同时；D.
However但是。前文讲研究人员发现近四分之一的参与者在握手后会无意识地闻自己的手，因此得出了握手可
以用来检测化学信号，也可能是一种交流的手段的结论。故选B。（因果关系）
【例2】Thefactthathiskidshavebothgrownupandleftthehouselefthimthinkinghowhemightofferhelpto
otherkids.Quarantine（隔离）wasactuallytheperfecttimeforhimtofinally decidetosharesomebasicessentials
（要点）withotherkidswhomightbegrowingupindifficultcircumstances.Maybethey'velostaparentorhave
parentswhoareabsent.
32 , the devoted dad set up a heart-warming YouTube channel called “Dad, How Do I?" In this channel, he
sharesbasicskills,fromtyingaperfecttieknot（结）torepairingasink.
32．A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．However D．Instead
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，这位热心的爸爸在YouTube上建立了一个温暖人心的频道——“爸
爸，我该怎么做？”在这个频道里，他分享了一些基本的生活技能，从打一个完美的结到修理水槽。A.Therefore
因此；B.Otherwise否则；C.However然而；D.Instead相反。结合前后文语境，可知为因果关系，应用therefore。
故选A。
【例3】 36 animalsareyourthingsyoulike，talktoyourlocalanimalshelter,distribute(分发)staples（主食）
likepetfoodtolow-incomepetownersovertheholidays.Ifyoumissagrandparentandwouldliketospendtimewith
theelderly,helpoutatanursinghomeovertheholidays.
36．A．While B．Because C．Though D．If
【答案】D
70/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：如果你喜欢小动物，和你当地的动物收容所谈谈，在节日期间向低收入的
宠物主人分发宠物食品等主食。A.While当……时候；B.Because因为；C.Though尽管；D.If如果。根据“Ifyou
lovechildren，buyapresentforachildinneed.”可知，此处和上文中的“If”对应。故选D。（条件关系）
【例4】 34 Addyhopestogetclosetogorillasinthewild,usuallyapersonneedstobeatleast15yearsoldto
visitwherethegorillaslive.
34．A．Though B．Unless C．Since D．When
【答案】A
【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然艾迪希望能在野外接近大猩猩，但通常一个人需要至少15岁才能参观
大猩猩生活的地方。A.Though虽然；B.Unless除非；C.Since既然；D.When当……时。根据句意可知，此处
上下句为转折关系。故选A。
【例 5】Recently, she was named a winner of the Gloria Barron Prize forYoung Heroes 27 herhard work to
raise$7,000foranimalgroupsaimingatprotectingtheanimalsindanger.
27．A．asfor B．owingto C．regardlessof D．apartfrom
【答案】B
【解析】考查短语词义辨析。句意：最近，她获得了年格洛里亚·巴伦青年英雄奖(GloriaBarronPrizeforYoung
Heroes)，因为她努力为保护濒危动物的动物组织筹集了7000美元。A.asfor至于；B.owingto因为；C.regardless
of不管；D.apartfrom缺少。分析句意可知，此处Addy被授予奖项的原因是她为保护濒危动物的动物组织筹集
了较多的钱。故选B。（因果关系）
考点 4 生活常识和文化背景
【构建知识体系】
考点1词汇复现
考点2习惯搭配
完型填空 考点3行文逻辑
考点4生活常识和文化背景
考点5瞻前顾后揣摩语境
【命题解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
71/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
在一篇约 250 词的短 主要测验学生的语言综合运用能力，包括词语
既考
文中留出20个空白，要求 查考生的 辨析能力、语法结构分析能力、语篇理解能力、逻
考生从每题的给的 4 个选 英语基础 辑推理能力、文化背景透析能力、作者意图剖析能
知识，又考
项中选出最佳选项，使补 力和生活常识综合运用能力。该题型分值高（30分，
查考生综
足的短文意思通顺、前后 占整个卷面总分的45%）、区分度强，是考生最容易
合运用语
连贯、结构完整。 “拉开距离”的一项测试。
言的能力，
【剖析全国高考真题】
考点4 生活常识和文化背景
1.【浙江高考】Butonthelastnightwewerecaughtinathunderstorm.Iwokeupatmidnighttofindaswimmingpool
inmytent.Thetemperaturewascloseto 31 .Ihadtospendtherestofthenighttremblingintheonlydrypartof
mytent.
31．A．boiling B．average C．normal D．freezing
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：温度接近零度。A.boiling煮沸的的；B.average平均的；C.normal正常
的；D.freezing冰冻的。根据下文“trembling”得知温度很低。故选D。
2. 【·海南卷】Pullinguptothebuilding,Grantsawflames（火焰）shootingoutofasecond-floorwindow.Notseeing
orhearinganyfireenginesapproachingGrantrushedtoasideentranceandranupthestairs.
Onthesecondfloor,he 45 everyapartmentdoor."Getout!"Grantshouted,Noonerespondedandheassumed
thatpeoplehadalreadyescaped.
45.A.locked B.kicked C.counted D.repaired
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在二楼，他踢了每个公寓的门。A.locked锁；B.kicked踢；C.counted计
算；D.repaired修。根据上文可知，大楼着火了。格兰特冲上楼去救火，所以踢门符合题意，是为了看里面是
否有人。故选B。
3. 【·山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】 Thesolution,ofcourse,wastoplanttreessotheanimalscouldseek
shelter during the daytime. He turned to the 29 department for help but was told that nothing would grow
there.
72/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
29．A．labor B．police C．forest D．finance
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他向森林部门求助，但被告知那里什么也不长。A.labor劳动；B.police警
察；C.forest森林；D.finance财政，金融。根据前一句中的”Thesolution,ofcourse,wastoplanttrees”可知，Molai
想要种树，所以他应该向”森林”部门求助。故选C。
4. 【·浙江卷】
Lamb and mother reunited , I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so
unexpected because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. Obviously Don had somehow made the 42
move.
42．A．lamb B．vehicle C．seat D．fence
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：显然，Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。A.lamb小羊；B.vehicle车辆；C.
seat座位；D.fence栅栏。根据Iturnedbacktothetractoronlytoseeitmovesuddenlyawayfromme.可知我转过身
去看拖拉机，却看见它突然离开了我。所以这里指的是Don开走了我的车。故选B。
5.【·全国新课标II】ItwasjustaftersunriseonaJunemorning.“Nicolo,”whoserealnamecannotbe 41 tothe
publicbecauseofItaly’sprivacylaws,finishedworkingthewholenightatafactoryinTurin.
41．A．attached B．allocated C．exposed D．submitted
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo完成了一整夜在Turin一家工厂的工作，他的真实名字因意大利的
隐私法不能暴露给公众。A.attached参加；B.allocated分配；C.exposed暴露；D.submitted上交。根据下文的
becauseofItaly'sprivacy可知此处用beexposedto“暴露”符合语境，故选C。
6. 【·全国新课标 III】They’ll have outhalf the 45 in the shop,and wantthe only style you don’t have left in a
particularcolour.Idoknowhowupsettheshopstaffcanget,butItrytopersuadethem（售货员） tokeepsmiling.
45.A.foods B.catalogues C.belongings D.goods
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存货。
A.foods食物；B.catalogues目录；C.belongings所有物；D.goods商品。结合后文intheshops可知此处指的是
商店里的商品。其它选项不符合语境。故选D。
7.【·全国II】Ehlerseventuallysucceededincoaxingtheanima（l thedog）tohim.Nervousnessandfearwerereplaced
with___49___.It（thedog） juststartedlicking(舔)Ehlers’face.
73/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
49.A.surprise B.joy C.hesitation D.anxiety
【答案】B
【解析】根据空格前面的Nervousnessandfearwerereplaced紧张不安和恐惧被取代了，以及后面的Itjuststarted
licking(舔)Ehlers’face这条狗添着Ehlers的脸，因此说明它感到了快乐。hesitation犹豫；anxiety焦虑。
8. 【全国II】Twoweeksearlier. myson.Ben,hadgotintouch,he’dmovedtoEnglandwithhismumwhenhewas
threeandithadbeen13yearssinceI’dlastseenhim.Soimaginemy___42___whenheemailedmesayinghewanted
tocometovisitme.
42.A.delight B.relief C.anger D.worry
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据上下文可知，13年没有见到自己的儿子，突然收到儿子的电子邮件，并且说
要来看自己。由此可以推知，我很快乐、开心。A.delight高兴，愉快；B.relief(痛苦、忧虑等的)解除，减轻；
C.anger怒，忿怒；D.worry担心。故选A。
9. 【·全国卷 III】Of course, we notice it when the sun is shining," says Karin Ro, who works for the town’s tourism
office.“Weseetheskyis___43___,butdowninthevalleyit’sdarker—it’slikeonacloudyday.”
43.A.empty B.blue C.high D.wide
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A.empty空的；B.blue蓝色的；C.high搞得；D.wide宽的。根据常识可知，
有太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，故选B。
10.【·全国卷III】Themirrorsarecontrolledbyacomputerthatdirectsthemtoturnalongwiththesunthroughoutthe
___50___andtocloseduringwindyweather.
50.A.day B.night C.month D.year
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A.day白天；B.night夜晚；C.month月；D.year年。根据文章可知，太阳光出现
在白天，故选A。
【精讲研法】
考点4 生活常识和文化背景
【做题实践中找规律】
【例1】Thefarmerwastemptedtofirehimonthespot.
Instead, he hurried outside to prepare for the storm. To his amazement, he discovered everything had been tied down.
74/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
The cows were in the barn, the chickens were in the coops, and the doors were 52 . The shutters were tightly
secured.
Nothingcouldblowaway.
52．A．blocked B．handled C．stuck D．barred
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：牛在牲口棚里，鸡在鸡笼里，门都上了闩。A.blocked阻塞；B.handled处
理；C.stuck卡住；D.barred上门闩，阻挡。根据上文“thedoorswere”可知指门上了门闩应用bar。故选D。
【例2】Shetoldmethatherhusbanddiedandherpayasacleanerwas 28 enoughforherkids.Ididn'tknow
whattosay.Lookingintohereyes,Itriedtorememberthelessonsfromacommunicationskillsclassafewyears
earlier,butmymindwasblank.
28．A．awfully B．merely C．properly D．purely
【答案】B
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我，她的丈夫去世了，她当清洁工的工资只够养活她的孩子。A.awfully
可怕地；B.merely仅仅；C.properly适当地；D.purely纯粹地。根据上文“herpayasacleanerwas”结合常识可
知，A女士作为清洁工的工资只够养活她的孩子。故选B。
【例3】
They are able to pay house rent only because they get a free 28 each weekday. Others are
homeless.Althoughnoisyandbusy,thekitchenisrunefficiently,andrulesaregentlyenforced.
28．A．meal B．ride C．time D．gift
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们能够支付房子租金仅仅是因为他们每个工作日能得到一份免费的饭。
A.meal饭；B.ride搭车；C.time时间；D.gift礼物。结合常识可知，在施粥场能得到免费的饭，故选A。
【例4】OnceStephenhandedoutvouchers(抵用券）forhaircutsandmake-uptohelppeoplehaveasenseofdignity
andgotojobinterviews 32 .Throughthejobs,Stephendeepenedhisunderstandingofthecityandlife.
32．A．personally B．frequently C．successfully D．confidently
【答案】D
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：Stephen曾经发放理发和化妆品的代金券，帮助人们树立尊严，自信地去面
试。A.personally亲自；B.frequently频繁地；C.successfully成功地；D.confidently自信地。结合常识可知，此
处指让无家可归者整洁地去面试，这样他们也会更有自信。故选D。
【例5】
AnewfamilymovedinnextdoorandIgottomeetthemotherofthefamily,Lydia.Lydiaisa(an)
Korean.Westarted talking, and she was apologetic abouthow bad her English was, butI didn’t care. I knew how hard
75/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
itwasto 38 asecondlanguage.IenjoyedchattingwithLydiaaswewatchedourkidsplay.
38．A．resist B．adore C．reform D．master
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道掌握第二语言有多难。A.resist抵制；B.adore热爱；C.reform告知；
D.master精通，掌握。根据“asecondlanguage.”并结合常识可知，掌握第二语言是很难的。故选D。
规律方法：完形填空技巧之生活常识和文化背景
跨文化思考意识是中学英语《新课程标准》中要求的基本准则之一。因此在备考过程中，应该有意识地利
用有关资料，了解一些有关中西方文化差异的知识来完善自己的知识系统。完形填空题中有时就渗透着相关的，
如科学、历史、文化、风俗民情等方面的知识。如果考生掌握了丰富的文化背景知识和生活常识，就具备了一
定的判断能力，可以大大简化复杂的分析过程和判断过程。这就要求考生平时既要多体验生活，又要扩大阅读
面，增强自己这方面的知识储备，避免常识性错误。同时，还要注意中西方文化的差异，避免出现汉语式表达
或理解。
完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文，这些语篇都非常贴近学生的生活，涉
及日常生活常识的试题就在所难免。所以考生在解题时，可以根据这些常识做出正确选择。
完形填空的语篇信息常交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识：有些选项的设置与文化背景有关，这就要求
考生有较宽的知识面，同时具备一定的文化意识，特别要有对英语国家文化的敏感性和鉴别力，只有这样才能
既快又准确地解题。
【变式精讲】
【例1】
If a child is unable to attend school, they can 31 log on to their tablet or laptop and call in the robot.They
canwalkupanddowntheschoolpaths,andgotolunchwiththeirfriends.Buttherealmagichappensbetweenclasses.
31．A．hardly B．randomly C．mostly D．simply
【答案】D
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们可以简单地登录他们的平板电脑或笔记本电脑。A.hardly几乎没有；
B.randomly随机地；C.mostly大部分；D.simply简单地。根据常识可知，登录平板或笔记本只需要账号密码
便可以，因此比较便捷易操作。故选D。
【例 2】We arrived at a pedestrian crossing and she pressed the 17 . In the distance, I heard alarms, told my
daughtertowaitand 18 thepolicecarapproach.
17．A．man B．phone C．button D．bag
【答案】C
76/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们到了一个人行横道，她按下了按钮。A.man人；B.phone电话；C.button
按钮；D.bag包。根据常识，在英美国家，有些人行横道路口会有一个杆子，上面有红绿灯按钮，行人想过马
路需要先按一下按钮，等待交通灯变成绿灯时方可通过。故选C。
【例3】Afewyearsago,IwasconductingastringofcustomerserviceconferencesinNewEngland.Andonceagain,
myclienthad 21 amotel(汽车旅馆)formetostayatinGlenInnes.
21．A．visited B．booked C．joined D．bought
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的客户又一次为我在GlenInnes订了一家汽车旅馆。A.visited参观；B.
booked 预订；C. joined 加入；D. bought 买。根据“Afew years ago, I was conducting a string of customer service
conferencesinNewEngland.”可知，作者在新英格兰组织客户服务会议，客户为作者订的汽车旅馆。故选B。
【例4】
Mr.Henry,aLondontaxidriver,hasanewblacktaxi.Hehurriesthroughthebusy 21 everyday.
21．A．stations B．shops C．buildings D．streets
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他每天穿梭在繁忙的大街上。A.stations 车站；B.shops商店；C.buildings
建筑大楼；D.streets 大街。根据“Mr.Henry,aLondontaxidriver”可知，出租车司机应该是每天穿梭在繁忙的大
街上，故选D。
【例5】Wetakethemforgranted,ignorethecreatureslivingamongthem,remaininignoranceofthe 42 trees
aredoingus(cleaningtheair,forexample)andcutthemdownfordevelopment.
42．A．honor B．good C．harm D．justice
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们认为它们是理所当然的，忽视了生活在它们之中的生物，也忽视了树
木给我们带来的好处(例如，净化空气)，并为了发展而砍伐它们。A.honor荣誉；B.good好处；C.harm害处；
D.justice正义。根据“cleaningtheair”可知，树木给我们带来了好处。故选B。
考点 5 瞻前顾后揣摩语境
【构建知识体系】
考点1词汇复现
完型填空
考点2习惯搭配
77/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
考点3行文逻辑
考点4生活常识和文化背景
考点5瞻前顾后揣摩语境
【命题解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
在一篇约 250 词的短 主要测验学生的语言综合运用能力，包括词语
既考
文中留出20个空白，要求 查考生的 辨析能力、语法结构分析能力、语篇理解能力、逻
考生从每题的给的 4 个选 英语基础 辑推理能力、文化背景透析能力、作者意图剖析能
知识，又考
项中选出最佳选项，使补 力和生活常识综合运用能力。该题型分值高（30分，
查考生综
足的短文意思通顺、前后 占整个卷面总分的45%）、区分度强，是考生最容易
合运用语
连贯、结构完整。 “拉开距离”的一项测试。
言的能力，
【剖析全国高考真题】
【高考预测】
考点5 瞻前顾后揣摩语境
1. 【·山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 23
happening around his home.Aflood had hit the area earlier that year and the 24 it caused had driven away a
numberofbirds.Beside,thenumberofsnakeshaddeclinedaswell.
23．A．precious B．interesting C．disturbing D．awkward
24．A．waste B．tension C．pain D．damage
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:16岁时，Molai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。A.
precious宝贵的；B.interesting有趣的；C.disturbing令人不安的，引起烦恼的；D.awkward尴尬的，笨拙的。
该段后半部分提到:洪水侵袭，很多鸟儿离开，蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常，令人不安。故选C。
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成的损害赶走了很多鸟类。
A.waste废物；B.tension紧张；C.pain疼痛，痛苦；D.damage损害，伤害。洪水侵袭这个地区，它会”损害”
庄稼、树木，这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。
78/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
2. 【·海南省高考英语试卷（新高考全国II卷)】Pullinguptothebuilding,Grantsawflames（火焰）shootingoutof
asecond-floorwindow.Notseeingorhearinganyfire engines 43 Grantrushedtoa side 44 andranupthe
stairs.
43.A.burning B.leaving C.approaching D.waiting
44.A.entrance B.road C.building D.window
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：格兰特把车停到大楼前，看见火焰从二楼的窗户里喷出来。没有看到或听
到任何消防车接近。格兰特冲到一个侧门跑上楼梯。A.burning燃烧；B.leaving离开；C.approaching接近；D.
waiting等待。分析可知，火焰都已经从二楼喷出来，并且可以看出格兰特跑上楼梯去救火，可以推测是因为消
防车没来，此处approaching表示接近，符合题意，故选C。
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：格兰特把车停到大楼前，看见火焰从二楼的窗户里喷出来。没有看到或听
到任何消防车接近。格兰特冲到一个侧门跑上楼梯。A.entrance入口；B.road路；C.building楼；D.window窗
户。根据语境可知，二楼窗户喷火并且消防车没来所以格兰特冲到侧门是为了救火，符合题意，sideentrance
侧门。故选 A。
3.【·海南省高考英语试卷（新高考全国II卷)】Onthesecondfloor,hekickedeveryapartmentdoor."Getout!"Grant
shouted,Noone 46 andheassumedthatpeoplehadalready 47 .
46.A.agreed B.cared C.responded D.understood
47.A.arrived B.returned C.hidden D.escaped
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有人回应，他以为人们已经逃走了。A.agreed同意；B.cared照顾；C.
responded回应；D.understood理解。分析可知，格兰特踢门问里面是否有人，再结合后面他认为人已经逃走了
可以判断出是没有人回应他。故选C。
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有人回应，他以为人们已经逃走了。A.arrived到达；B.returned返回；
C.hidden藏；D.escaped逃离。分析可知，格兰特踢门但没有人回应，所以他以为人们已经逃走（escaped）符
合题意，故选D。
4. 【·山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】 Molai 35 toplanttreesforthenext37years.Hiseffortshave
resultedin1,360acresofnaturally-grownlandthathasbecomehometomanyplantsandanimals.
35．A．returned B．learned C．failedD．continued
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【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:在接下来的37年里，Molai继续种树。A.returned返回；B.learned学会；C.
failed失败；D.continued继续。根据后一句可知，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。由
此推知，在接下来的37年里，他”继续”种树。故选D。
5.【·浙江省卷】OnemorningIspottedalostlambwhenIwasinthetopfield，nearwhereamotorwaycutsthroughmy
land.Thelambhadbecomeseparatedfromitsmother,soIjumpedoutofthetractorto___38___itwhileDonstayedin
hisscat.
38．A．askabout B．playwith C．tendto D．runinto
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以我跳下拖拉机去照看它，而Don还坐在它的
座位上。A.askabout询问；B.playwith同……一起玩；C.tendto照看；D.runinto撞上。上文说小羊和它的妈
妈走散了，所以可以推测出我跳下拖拉机去照看它。故选C。
6.【·全国新课标I】Sinceourtwinsbeganlearningtowalk,mywifeandIhavekepttellingthemthatourslidingglass
doorisjustawindow.The 41 isobvious.Ifweadmititisadoor,they’llwanttogooutsideconstantly.Itwill
driveuscrazy.
41．A．relief B．target C．reason D．case
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：原因是明显的。A.relief安慰； B.target目标；C.reason原因；D.case情
况。根据下文Ifweadmititisadoor,they’llwanttogooutsideconstantly.可知这里作者在解释把门说成窗户的原
因。所以这里意思是“原因是明显的”。故选C。
7【. ·全国新课标II】Asheoftendid,hestoppedbythe“afterworkauction(拍卖)”runbytheItalianpolicewherethings
found on the trains were sold to the highest bidder. There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he
thought would look nice above his dining room table. Nicolo and another bidder 46 until Nicolo finally won
thepaintingsfor$32.
46．A．battled B．debated C．discussed D．bargain
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo和另外一个竞标人竞争，直到Nicolo最终以32美元的价格赢得了
这两幅画。A.battled竞争；B.debated辩论；C.discussed 讨论；D.bargained讨价还价。根据上文的weresoldto
thehighestbidder可知此处用“竞争”符合语境，故选A。
8. 【·全国新课标 III】As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel
80/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
affection, 41 canalsodriveyoumad.
41.A.shopkeepers B.customers C.salespersons D.receptionists
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但就像任何一个你喜欢的人一样，顾客也会让你抓狂。A.shopkeepers店主；
B.customers顾客；C.salespersons售货员；D.receptionist接待员。根据上文Icaredeeplyaboutmycustomers可
知作者是生意人，因此此处指的是顾客让自己抓狂。故选B。
9. 【·全国新课标III】 They’llcomerushingin,sayingtheirhandbag’sbeenstolen.They’ll 43 thattheyleftitin
thechangingroom,createhavoe(混乱)andthen 44 ithadbeenintheircarallthetime.
43.A.agree B.promise C.imagine D.swear
44.A.forget B.decide C.discover D.assume
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一团糟，然后发现它一直在
他们的车里。A. agree同意；B. promise承诺；C. imagine想象；D. swear发誓。顾客冲进作者的店里，信誓
旦旦地说自己的包是忘在了更衣室里。故选D。
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一团糟，然后发现它一直在
他们的车里。A. forget忘记；B. decide决定；C. discover发现；D. assume假设。结合后文it had been in the
ir car all the time可知顾客一开始说包忘在了更衣室，结果最后发现包一直在他们自己的车里。故选C。
10. 【·全国新课标III】 Ifacustomerisrudeordifficult,justthink"Maybeshe’shadarowwithherhusband.Maybe
herchild’s notwell.”Always water it downanddon’tletyour ego (自我) getin the way. If you do, you won’beable
to 59 itandthewholethingdevelopsintoanunpleasantsceneandthat 60 everyone’sday.
59.A.stress B.expect C.handle D.blame
60.A.ruins B.makes C.starts D.saves
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做了，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场面，
毁了每个人的一天。A. stress强调；B. expect期待；C. handle处理；D. blame责备。结合本段内容主要是在
说明如何处理粗鲁难缠的顾客的问题。故选C。
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做了，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场面，
毁了每个人的一天。A.ruins毁灭；B.makes制作；C.starts开始；D.saves拯救。结合上文thewholethingdevelops
81/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
intoanunpleasantsceneandthat可知一旦事情发展成不愉快的场面，那么最终只会毁了每一个人的一天。故选A。
【精讲研法】
考点5 瞻前顾后揣摩语境
【做题实践中找规律】
【例1】【（八省联考）】ThishappenedwhenIwasten.OnanormalSunday,IwenttothebarbershopwhereIalways
went.Thatday,alongwiththebarbertherewasanassistant,whohadrecently 21 theshop.
SoIsatforthehaircut.Theuncleaskedmehow 22 Iwantedit.Ianswered,“Justdoasmydadhad 23 you
thelasttime.”
21．A．left B．opened C．joined D． visited
22．A．much B．long C．often D．soon
23．A．instructed B．invited C．promised D．convinced
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天，除了理发师还有一个助手，最近刚加入这个商店。A.left 离开；B.opened
打开；C.joined 加入；D.visited拜访。根据“whohadrecently…theshop”得知，我经常去的理发店新来了一位
助手。故选C。
【答案】B
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这位叔叔问我剪多长的头发。A.much很多；B.long 长；C.often 经常；D.
soon 很快。根据“SoIsatforthehaircut.”得知，我去理发店，理发店叔叔问我剪多长的头发。故选B。
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回答：“和上次我爸爸告诉你的一样长就行”。A.instructed 指导；B.invited
邀请；C.promised答应；D.convinced 确信。根据“thelasttime”得知，上次来剪发时，作者爸爸给理发师指导
过要给作者理发的长度。故选A。
【例2】【（八省联考）】I 25 hewasjoking.SoIjokedtoo.Isaid,“Ican't
Guaranteewhatwouldhappentoyourshopthen!”
25．A．agreed B．heard C．hoped D．knew
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道他是在开玩笑。A.agreed同意；B.heard 听到；C.hoped希望 ；D.
knew知道。根据“SoIjokedtoo.”得知，我知道理发师说那句话是在开玩笑。故选D。
【例3】Kipp'sbeenworkingasaUPSdeliverymanfor28years.He 21 whathedoes.“It'snotmerelyajob.It's
82/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
anextensionofmylife,”hesays.
21．A．keepstrackof B．playssafewith C．hasenoughof D．takespridein
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他为自己的工作感到自豪。A.keepstrackof跟上……的进展；B.playssafe
with谨慎行事；C.hasenoughof有足够的；D.takespridein以……为傲。由下文的“It'snotmerelyajob.It'san
extensionofmylife”可知，基普认为送货员不仅仅是一份工作，这是他生命的延伸，说明他喜爱这份工作并以
此为傲。故选D。
【例4】Howeversmall,anyactofkindnesscanhaveahugeimpact.Sonever 35 thedifferenceyoucanmake.
35．A．recognize B．underestimate C．emphasize D．misunderstand
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以永远不要低估你能带来的不同。A.recognize认出；B.underestimate低
估；C. emphasize 强调；D. misunderstand 误解。由上文的“However small, any act of kindness can have a huge
impact.”可知，无论善举多么微小，都会产生巨大的影响，说明小行动也有大力量，基普经常与自闭症孩子马
克斯互动，在基普看来是件小事，但这事对马克斯的影响是巨大的，所以我们不能低估/小看自己做的事情带来
的影响。故选B。
【例5】
Muhammad Yunus, a professor of economics in Chittagong University, is the founder of Grameen Bank. His bank
21 peopletoborrowsmallamountsofmoneytostartbusiness.Heandthebankwere 22 awardedtheNobel
PeacePrizefortheireffortstohelpbringmillionsofpeople,especiallywomen,outof 23 .
21．A．agrees B．allows C．attracts D．wishes
22．A．hopefully B．actually C．luckily D．jointly
23．A．balance B．loss C．poverty D．home
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的银行允许人们借少量的钱来创业。A.agrees同意；B.allows允许；C.attracts
吸引；D.wishes希望。根据后文“peopletoborrowsmallamountsofmoneytostartbusiness”可知这家银行允许
人们小额贷款来创业。故选B。
【答案】D
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他和这家银行共同被授予诺贝尔和平奖，以表彰他们为帮助数百万人，特
别是妇女摆脱贫困所做的努力。A.hopefully有希望地；B.actually实际上；C.luckily幸运地；D.jointly共同地。
根据前后文“Heandthebankwere…awardedtheNobelPeacePrizefortheirefforts”可知，Yunus和这家银行共
同被授予诺贝尔和平奖，故选D。
【答案】C
83/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他和世界银行共同被授予诺贝尔和平奖，以表彰他们为帮助数百万人，特
别是为妇女摆脱贫困所做的努力。A.balance平衡；B.loss损失；C.poverty贫困；D.home家。对应后文中“who
sufferfrompoverty”Yunus帮助的都是穷人，故此处指为妇女摆脱贫困所做的努力。故选C。
规律方法：完形填空技巧之瞻前顾后揣摩语境
利用语境选词旨在考查考生在语境中熟练运用所学语言的实践技能。完形填空的每一个空白的设置并不是
随心所欲的，命题人主要通过上下文暗示出某种信息来保证答案的正确性和唯一性，因此考生应该通过上下文
的暗示获取解题信息，因此做完形填空题时一定要“瞻前顾后，前引后联”，充分利用文章所有可能提供的信息
解题。在做题时考生还可以利用褒贬性语境及一些语言结构来判定正确答案。任何完形填空文章的语境都具有
一定的褒贬性，它反映了作者或主人公特定的情绪状态，并支撑着文意的发展，因此利用褒贬性语境的情感性
可以巧妙进行完形填空信息推断。所以考生要在读懂原文、掌握大意的基础上，选语气与文章一致的选项。
通过“顾后信息”解题
众所周知，完形填空的命题不是“天马行空”，更不是“独来独往”，所以正确领会和下文情节的发展发生这
样或那样的关系，这就成为寻找正确项的根据。因此，考生需要“顾及”空后的相关信息，从而做出正确的选择。
[典例]JoeSimpsonandSimonYateswerethefirstpeopletoclimbtheWestFaceoftheSiulaGrandeintheAndes
mountains. They reached the top__21__，but on their way back conditions were very__22__(difficult)．Joe fell and
brokehisleg.TheybothknewthatifSimon__23__(continued)alone，hewouldprobablygetback__24__(safely)．
21．A.hurriedly B．carefully
C．successfully D．early
[剖析]从空后信息寻找解题根据是完形填空题中最常用的解题方法之一。该题空前谈到他们登山，特别是
空后谈到他们返回，只有他们成功地到达山顶才有返回的可能。另外考生需要注意，利用空后信息解题通常指
偏靠前面的题目。
[答案]C
通过“瞻前信息”解题
这种情况多出现在文章展开之后，这时前文已经含有丰富的语境信息，设空和前文有逻辑或语境的联系，
这样空前的信息就成为解题的根据。解题时一定要善于捕捉这些重要的信息，以达到解题的目的。
[典例][全国Ⅰ]Oncefireandemergencypeoplearrived，Larryandtheotherman__56__(backedoff)andletthem
gotowork.Then，Larryaskedthe__57__ifhewasneededor__58__(free)togo.Theylethimandtheothermango.
57．A.woman B．police
C．man D．driver
[剖析]在完形填空的解题中，运用空前信息解题是最常用的解题方法之一。从上文“Oncefireandemergency
peoplearrived”可知警察赶到现场。
[答案]B
【变式精讲】
84/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【例1】
Duringhisvisitto thepooresthouseholdsin thevillage ofJobranearhisuniversity,Yunusmetawomanwhomade
bamboo stools. To 25 her business going, she had to take out usurious loans to buy the bamboo. He went
aroundthevillageandfound42womenwhowereinthesamesituation.
25．A．keep B．catch C．run D．find
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了维持生意，她不得不借高利贷来买竹子。A.keep保持，维持；B.catch
抓住；C.run奔跑；D.find找到。根据后文“shehadtotakeoutusuriousloanstobuythebamboo”可知妇女借高
利贷来买竹子是为了维持生意运转。故选A。
【例2】
OnceI started working after graduating fromWilfrid Laurier University,I decidedto stay in the workforce andgo
to school part-time. I began my journey as an adult 21 in the Business Administration program at Wilfrid
LaurierUniversity.
21．A．designer B．teacher C．reporter D．learner
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名成年学习者，我开始了自己的求学之旅，在劳里埃大学(WilfridLaurier
University)学习工商管理课程。A.designer设计师；B.teacher老师；C.reporter记者；D.learner学习者。作者从
大学毕业后一边工作，一边学习。故选D。
【例3】Somemightcallmealearning 28 .Ihonestlycan'timagineatimewhenIwanttostoplearning.
SometimespeopleaskmewhyIcontinuetotakecourseswhenIamgettingcloseto“retirement’’.
28．A．celebrity B．master C．consultant D．addict
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人可能会说我是一个学习成瘾者。A.celebrity名人；B.master大师，
高手；C.consultant顾问；D.addict痴迷者，上瘾的人。根据下一句“Ihonestlycan'timagineatimewhenIwantto
stoplearning”作者不愿停止学习。由此可知，他痴迷于通过学习来不断提高自己。故选D。
【例4】
Anearthquakewithamagnitudeof5.7hadstruckthemountain．Matronecouldn't 41 itanylonger．"Let's
get out of here," he told his wife, dressing quickly．They headed to the parking lot, where others were digging their
cars．Fifteenminutesafterthefirstearthquake,anotherearthquakehit,thisonemeasuring5.6．
41．A．forecast B．express C．stand D．determine
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【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Matrone再也受不了了。A.forecast预测；B.express表达；C.stand忍受；
D.determine决定。由上文的“Anearthquakewithamagnitudeof5.7hadstruckthemountain．”可知，由于可怕
的地震，Matrone再也不能忍受（stand）待在这里了。故选C。
【例5】
When I was a teenager, I travelled with my friends in Europe. One night when we arrived in Berlin, my friends were
tiredandstayedinthehotelwhileIchoseto 1 thiscity.However,IgotlostinBerlin.
1．A．inspect B．search C．explore D．observe
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，当我们到达柏林的时候，我的朋友们都累了，就住在酒店里，
而我选择了探索这个城市。A.inspect检查；B.search寻找；C.explore探索；D.observe观察。根据“However,
IgotlostinBerlin.”和转折连词while可知，作者选择探索这个陌生的城市。故选C。
专题 阅读理解 ：主旨大意
03 I
考点 1 精确归纳标题
考点1精确归纳标题
主旨大意题 考点2概括文章大意
考点3总结段落大意
【考纲解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
要求考生阅读 4 篇短 主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意
考查
文，从每题所给的 4 个选 主旨大意、 和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细
项中选出最佳选项。题材 细节理解、 节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解
推理判断、
广泛，包括科普、社会、 全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑
词义猜测、
文化、政治、经济等多方 方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要
篇章结构
面内容。体裁多样，以记 高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。
等题型。
叙文、议论文、说明文为
86/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
主。
【剖析全国高考真题】
考点1精确归纳标题
D【·全国I】
Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshave
foundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecity
experiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplaceswere
decoratedwithhouseplants.
TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurtherchangingtheactual
compositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse，evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathave
sensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsin
groundwater. ＂We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseevery
day,＂explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.
Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow(发光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.
Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight，aboutone-thousandthof
theamountneededtoreadby，isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsor
eventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.
inthefuture，theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesina
one-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff＂switch＂
wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.
Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremoved
fromthepowersource(电源)-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotof
energyislostduringtransmission(传输).
Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.316
35．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A．Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?
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B．Howdowelivewithglowingplants?
C．Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?
D．Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?
【答案】35．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一
种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取
代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。
35．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lighting accountsforabout7%of thetotalelectricity consumedintheUS. Since
lightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremote
highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save
energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在
传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植
物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，
以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发
光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。
2.D【·全国新课标II】
Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiastic
reader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayed
ballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.
MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverything
fromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.
AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihad
severalchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgoto
thelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.
Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!It
wasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.
Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrary
livesonformgenerationtogeneration.
Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhen
theycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelps
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puttogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盗版行为)and1thinkallwriters
shouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibrary
announcementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.335
35．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A．Reading:ASourceofKnowledge
B．MyIdeaaboutwriting
C．Library:AHavenfortheYoung
D．MyLoveoftheLibrary
【答案】35．D
【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有
了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，
宣传图书馆。
35．主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了
孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣
传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。
3.D【·全国新课标III】
We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look
deeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthe pastfewthousandyears.People
in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern
Europehavegainedamutation(突变)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.
OnThursdayin an article publishedin Cell,a team of researchersreporteda new kind of adaptation- notto air or
to food, butto the ocean.Agroup of sea-dwelling people in SoutheastAsia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau,
asthesepeople areknown, numberin thehundredsofthousandsin Indonesia,Malaysia andthePhilippines.Theyhave
traditionally lived onhouseboats; in recenttimes, they've also built houses onstilts (支柱) in coastalwaters. “They are
simplyastrangertotheland,"saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.
Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,
spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local
islanders,"Dr.Jubiladosaid.“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea."
In201,Melissa Ilardo, thena graduate studentingenetics atthe University of Copenhagen, heard aboutthe Bajau.
She wonderedif centuries of diving couldhave ledto theevolution ofphysical characteristics thatmade thetask easier
89/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
for them. “it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population," said Dr. Ilardo. She also said
therewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.299
35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSea B.Highlanders'SurvivalSkills
C.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearch D.TheWorld'sBestDivers
【答案】35.A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿
年前，而且最近几千年也有。Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活。
35.主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateam
ofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaption-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.(周四，在《细胞》杂志
上发表的一篇文章中，一群研究人员报道了一种新的适应——不是空气也不是食物，而是海洋)可知，
本文主要讲述了一种新的进化，即长期生活在海边，靠海为生的生活方式，让Bajau人的身体进化成
更适应海洋生活。A.BodiesRemodeledfor aLifeatSea.(身体为适应海洋生活而重塑)可以作为本文标
题，故选A项。
4.D【·全国I】
Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小学),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmeto
keepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsand
coolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokeson
others,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.
Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysorts
thepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualities
strengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlife
andwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorable
behavior.
Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewho
werehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage(从
事)indangerousandriskybehavior.”
Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,the
mostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys(调查研究).“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshad
90/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
becomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowed
thatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus."
Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate-sharing,kindness,
openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.
Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch，Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedto
positivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too."Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearning
andfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.
35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.BeNice-YouWon’tFinishLast
B.TheHighertheStatus,theBeer
C.BetheBest-YouCanMakeIt
D.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness
【答案】 35.A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，对人好，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的积极影响。生活
中，与人为善，待人慷慨，定会受到欢迎和回报。
35.A 主旨大意题。通过全文内容可知，文章主要讲了受欢迎，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影
响。这些人可爱，慷慨大方，适应能力强，A项指出“对人好一点，——最终，你的收获无穷无尽”符合本文中
心。故选A。
5.D【·全国II】
Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrow
uncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.
HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.
ItdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclass,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelberg
leadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.
HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’s
studentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解决方案).
“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aproject
manager.
“Therearenotests,”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyou
workingtowardsyourgoal?’Basically,it’s‘I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendofyear,presentitto
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NASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and…it’snotaverynicethingattime.It’sahardbusiness
reviewofyourproduct.”
GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影响)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“Thesekids
aresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon’tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?Gordonsayshisstudents
areemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.
35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.NASA:TheHomeofAstronauts.
B.Space:TheFinalHomeworkFrontier.
C.Nature:AnOutdoorClassroom.
D.HUNCH:ACollegeAdmissionReform.
【答案】35.B
【解析】本文为说明文。本文介绍了HUNCH项目就是通过Gordon的学生找到如何杀死空间站的细菌这一技
术，把空间技术与带进课堂，与学校教育相结合，从而最终影响到大学入学。
35.B主旨大意题。本文介绍了HUNCH项目把如何杀死空间站的细菌这一空间技术引入Gordon学校的课堂，
参与宇航员航天课题研究的情况，因此《太空：最后的作业前沿》能全面概括文章的意思，故选B。
6.B【·全国III】
ForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative.
"It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource(来源)ofinspirationfordesigners,"saysAmandaHill,chief
creativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion(时尚)shows.
Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesof
China-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChinese
aesthetics(美学)onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibition
hadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.
"Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,"saysHill."Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthat
selldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyare
centraltoitsmovement."Ofcourse,onlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina-someofthebest
designersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese."VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingon
Galiano,Albaz,MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,"addsHil.
ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion."Themostfamous
designersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,"shesays."Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;
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inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina-itsinfluences,its
direction,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways."
27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorld
B.AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYork
C.DifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAesthetics
D.ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends
【答案】 27.D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。本文分析了A+ENetworks公司的CCO（首席文化官）AmandaHil1对近期纽约举
办的中国元素服装设计展举世瞩目这一事件的评论，以此展现出中国流行文化在设计领域引领世界潮流的现状。
27.D主旨大意题。从整篇文章来看，本文是通过A+ENetworks公司的CCO（首席文化官）AmandaHil1对近
期在纽约举办的中国元素时尚服装展览盛况空前的评论，得到中国的时尚设计力量正在引起世界注意并逐渐成
为主力的结论。故选D。
7.B【全国I】
GoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning，butsheiscookingupa
storminherlatestrole－showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.
InSaveMoney：GoodFood，shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstop
tipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste，whilepreparingrecipesforunder ￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorning
Britainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome，preparingmealsfor
sons，Sam，14，Finn，13，andJack，11.
“WeloveMexicanchurros，soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant，”sheexplains.
“Ipay ￡5foraportion(一份)，butMattmakesthemfor26paportion，becausetheyareflour，water，sugarandoil.
Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood，butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”
Theeightpartseries(系列节目)，SaveMoney：GoodFood，followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney：Good
Health，whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.
Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense，SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.In
tonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteam
transformsthefamily'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.
【文章大意】 本文介绍了在英国的一档名为SaveMoney：GoodFood的电视节目。主持人SusannaReid和厨师
MattTebbutt向观众介绍如何少花钱便做出营养丰富的、可口的食物。
93/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
27．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A．KeepingFitbyEatingSmart
B．BalancingOurDailyDiet
C．MakingYourselfaPerfectChef
D．CookingWellforLess
【答案】D
【解析】考查标题判断。本文介绍了由SusannaReid主持的一档电视节目，给观众介绍如何少花钱便做出好吃
的又有营养的饭菜，因此本文的最佳标题应为CookingWellforLess。
8.D【·全国II】
We’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeply
focusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.
What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelythat
noneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.But
thenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’san
invaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.
Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’t
evenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(润滑剂)forsocialcommunication,says
BernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast. ＂Almosteverygreat
lovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,＂ heexplains. ＂Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkis
learninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.＂
Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoa
coffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互动)withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhen
necessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelings
andabettercoffeeshopexperience. ＂It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,＂ says
Dunn. ＂Butinteractionswithperipheral(边缘的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.＂
Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.
Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk. ＂Smalltalkisthebasisofgood
manners,＂ hesays.
35．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A．ConversationCounts
94/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
B．WaysofMakingSmallTalk
C．BenefitsofSmallTalk
D．UncomfortableSilence
【答案】C。
【解析】考查标题判断。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了闲聊在人际交往中的重要作用。故C项作本文标题最
佳。
【干扰项分析】 B项干扰性很强，但是B项是片面的，文章的主旨并不是介绍如何进行闲聊。
9.D【·全国III】
Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenit
comestokidsandtheirbelongings？ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolive
morewithless.
Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonatelessusedthings，anditworked.Because
ofourefforts，ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunableto
payforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedto
putthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金)(ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecomingadoctor．
Forweeks，I'vebeenthinkingofbigger，deeperquestions：Howdowemakeitahabitforthem？Andhowdowe
trainourselvestohelpthemlivewith，need，anduseless？Yesterday，Isatwithmyson，Shepherd，determinedtotest
myowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpected
thatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes，tenminutes，max.Ichosearedrubberball－simple，
universallyavailable.Wepassedit，hetriedtoputitinhismouth，hetriedbouncingit，rollingit，sittingonit，throwing
it.Itwastotally，completelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.
Webothbecameabsorbedinthesimplicityofplayingtogether.HehadmyfullattentionandIhadhis.Mylittle
experimenttofindjoyinasingleobjectworkedforbothofus.
【文章大意】本文作者通过引导孩子主动捐献或变卖玩具以及与儿子玩球的事例说明了简单物品能够使我们获
得快乐。
35．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A．TakeItorLeaveIt
B．ALessonfromKids
C．LiveMorewithLess
95/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
D．ThePleasureofGiving
【答案】C。
【解析】考查文章标题。全文围绕“LiveMorewithLess”提出论点，逐层展开论述，最后得出论点的正确性。
A项“TakeItorLeaveIt”(要么接受，要么放弃)，文章并未讨论两种非此即彼的选择，故错误。B项“ALesson
fromKids”(从孩子那里获得的教训)属过度概括。D项“ThePleasureofGiving”(给予的乐趣)，属曲解文意，
语篇的重点并非是给予。
【精讲研法】
考点一 精确归纳标题
【做题实践中找规律】
【例1】 C
DoyoulikethewoollymammothsfromthemovieIceAge?Toobadthey'reextinct?Thankstorecent
developmentsinbiotechnology,thestuffofsciencefictionmaysoonbecomearealitythroughanattractiveprocess
called"de-extinction",whichaimstobringtheextinctspeciesback.Theresurrectedspeciesarefunctionallyequalto
theoriginalextinctspecies,buttheyarenotexactcopies.
Therearethreeprimarytechniquesofde-extinction.Oneofthemisthatscientistsdeliberatelyselectexisting
specieswithsimilarcharacterstotheextinctspeciestoproducelatergeneration.Thisisanaturalmethod.Anotheris
cloning.AclonedanimaliscreatedbyobtainingtheDNAoftheextinctanimal.Thelatergenerationwillbean
identicalcopyoftheextinctspecies.Thisisonlyappliedtoanimalsthatareeitherendangeredorhaverecentlygone
extinct,asitrequireswell-preservedeggs.Thethirdisthenewesttechnique,geneticengineering.Itusesgene-editing
toolstoplaceselectedgenesfromextinctanimalsinplaceofthosepresentinitsclosestlivingrelative.
IfwerefertoJurassicPark,resurrectingextinctanimalsisaterribleidea.Thankfully,wedon'thavetoworry
aboutdinosaursrunningwildly,astheirDNAhasdisintegrated overthe65millionyearssincetheirextinction.
DNAcansurviveforseveralmillionyearsatbestundercertainrareconditions,butdoesthatmeanweshoulddothat?
De-extinctionismoreforecologythanfortourism.EcologistBenNovaksaid,“Allanimalsperformcriticalroles
intheirecosystem.Woollymammoths,forexample,wereexcellentgardeners.Theirdisappearancewasfollowedbya
lossindiversityandtheArcticgrasslandbecameacold,icefield.Ifaresurrectedanimalisalwaysgoingtobeazoo
animalthenitshouldn'tbebroughtback.”
11．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
96/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
A．Canwebringextinctanimalsback? B．Doyoulikethewoollymammoths?
C．Willdinosaursbeseeninthezoos? D．Shouldwepromotecloningskills?
【答案】11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。由于最近生物技术的发展，科幻小说中的东西可能很快会变成现实，通过一个吸引
人的过程，称为“反灭绝”，旨在让灭绝的物种回来。文章介绍了三种主要的反灭绝技术，但是恐龙因为其DNA
已经分解，无法被复活了，最后文章指出反灭绝更多的是为了生态，而不是为了旅游。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Thankstorecentdevelopmentsinbiotechnology,thestuffofsciencefictionmaysoon
becomearealitythroughanattractiveprocesscalled"de-extinction",whichaimstobringtheextinctspeciesback.(由
于最近生物技术的发展，科幻小说中的东西可能很快会变成现实，通过一个吸引人的过程，称为“反灭绝”，旨
在让灭绝的物种回来)”结合文章介绍了三种主要的反灭绝技术，但是恐龙因为其DNA已经分解，无法被复活了，
最后文章指出反灭绝更多的是为了生态，而不是为了旅游。可知，A选项“我们能让灭绝的动物复活吗？”最适
合作文章标题。故选A。
2.
Expertshavelongpredictedthat3Dprintingwillrevolutionize(变革)theconstructionindustry.Theworld'sfirst
two-storyhomeprintedinasinglepieceemergedinAntwerp,Belgium.
“Whatmakesthishousesouniqueisthatweprinteditwithafixed3Dconcreteprinter,”saidEmielAscione,
projectmanageratKampConstructionCompany,whichpioneeredtheproject.“Otherhousesthatwereprintedaround
theworldonlyhaveonefloor.Inmanycases,thecomponentswereprintedinafactoryandwerefittedtogetheron-site.
We,however,printedtheentirebuildingenvelopeinonepieceon-site.”
TheconstructionprocessbeganinNovember andtookonly3weeks,withthedeliveryofamassive32-footx
32-footcement(水泥)3Dprinter,knownasBOD2.Whileitneededsomehumanhelptosetup,onceinoperation,
BOD2wasfullyautonomous,requiringjustonepersontomonitortheworkfromanearbycomputer.
Thetwo-story,986-square-foothome,whichhasasmallkitchen,twolivingroomsandabathroom,aswellas
manyhuman-installedeco-friendlyfeatures,suchasunderfloorheatingandsolarpanels,wasopenfromJuly tothe
endofSeptember.Itisaimedtoencouragetheconstructionindustrytoadoptemerging3Dprintingtechnologiesinits
constructiontechniques.
“The3Dprintedstructurecostabout60percentlessthanatypicalbrickhomeandwasalsomuchstronger,”
Ascionesaid.“Itshowstheconstructionindustrytheaccessibilityandpotentialofthistechnique.”
Thisisnottheonly3Dprintedhousingprojectintheworks.InTabasco,Mexico,theworld'sfirst3Dprinted
neighborhoodhasbeenbuilt.Thetwo-bedroomhomes,designedtoaccommodatethehomeless,arestrongenoughto
97/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
withstandnaturaldisasterslikehurricanesandearthquakes.Atthisrate,3Dprintersmaysoonbecomeafixtureat
constructionsitesworldwide.
7．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A．3DPrinting:ASolutiontoHousingProblems
B．BOD2:NewTrendoftheConstructionIndustry
C．Mexico's3DPrintedNeighborhoodIsWellReceived
D．World'sFirstTwostoryHomeWasWholly-printedinBelgium
【答案】7．D
7．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Expertshavelongpredictedthat3Dprintingwillrevolutionize(变革)the
constructionindustry.Theworld'sfirsttwo-storyhomeprintedinasinglepieceemergedinAntwerp,Belgium.” 专家
们早就预测3D打印将给建筑业带来一场革命。在比利时安特卫普，世界上第一个两层楼的住宅被打印成一件
作品。由此引出下文，对世界上第一个两层楼的住宅被打印成一件作品这个项目进行了描述以及3D打印技术
在建筑行业的推广和应用。因此D选项World'sFirstTwostoryHomeWasWholly-printedinBelgium世界上第一
个两层楼的住宅在比利时被打印，符合文章主题，适合作标题，故选D。
3.
My7-year-olddaughterLeenyalwayshashernoseinabook.Sheeventooktoreadinginthecaronthelongdrive
tosummercamp,whichwaswhereshelostthebook.Thisisthefirstlostlibrarybookinmylife.Myfamilyhasalways
beenovereducated,butwewerepoor.Ididn’townbooks.Iborrowedbooks.However,mydaughtershavemorebooks
nowthanIownedmywholechildhood,andIknowinglycontributetoitbyaddingtothestacks(堆).Soit'sprobablymy
faultthatwhenLeenyrealizedshehadlostthebook,sheshrugged(耸肩).“Sorry.Ican'tfindit,”shesaid.“It’sonly
$20,right?What’sthebigdeal?”
Ifelttheneedtomakeherfeelresponsibleforthebook.Sheagreedtohelpmecleanthechickencoop(笼子)in
tradeformypayingthelibraryfine.IthoughtthisideawasverycleverbecausecleaningthecoopissomeworkIhad
beenavoidingformonths.Itwassummertimeanddustfloatedintheair.Butmygirl,myanimal-lovingmini-me,
thoughtshovelingchickenpoop(铲鸡粪)wasthemostfunshe'dhadonaSaturdaymorninginalongtime.Shedidn't
feelanyoftheemotionsthatpunishmentissupposedtointroduce.Infact,shelookedasifshemightloseanotheron
purposeinordertocleanthecoopagain.Istood,somewhatdumbfounded,watchingher.
Ittookmeawhiletorealizewhathadhappened,whymypunishmenthadfailedsocompletelyandwhyIdidn't
care.ThefactisthatIhadLeenyhelpmecleanthechickencoop.Iwasthere,too,shovelingchickenpoop,fetchingthe
cleanstrawandfeed.Leeny'slittlesister,Vicki,wasinsidewatchingacartoonwhilemyhusbandpaidbills.Only
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LeenyandIwereoutside.ShehadmealltoherselfforthefirsttimesinceVickiwasborn,andshewasenjoyingallthe
attentionforonce.Idon'tknowwhatshelearnedaboutresponsibility,butIfoundthatIdidn'tcareaboutthebookany
more.Webondedoverthatunpleasantjobandspentqualitytimetogether:mother,daughter,andchickenpoop.
7．What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?
A．WhatIowetoLeeny:moreattention
B．Mydaughterdrovemecrazy,butIfeltgrateful
C．Surprise:mydaughterlovescleaningchickencoops
D．Mypunishmentfailed,butIdidn'tcare
【答案】7．D
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述作者以打扫鸡笼作为对女儿丢书的惩罚的故事。通过这次“惩罚”使作者
和女儿共享了一次美妙的亲子时光。
7．标题判断题。根据最后一段“Idon'tknowwhatshelearnedaboutresponsibility,butIfoundthatIdidn'tcareabout
thebookanymore.”（我不知道关于责任，她学到了什么。但是我发现我不再在意书了。）可知，文章讲述了女
儿丢书后，作者本想以打扫鸡笼作为惩罚，没想到女儿却乐在其中。作者对这件事进行了有益反思，打扫鸡笼
让作者和女儿共享了一次美妙的亲子时光。虽然惩罚的计划落空了，但作者已不在意了。故选D项。
4.
WhatmakesapersonbecomeanOlympicchampion?Inreality,acombinationofbiologicalenvironmental,and
psychologicalfactorsaswellastrainingandpractice,allgointomakingasuperathlete.
Perhapsthemostimportantfactorinvolvedinbecomingasuperathleteisgenetics.MostOlympiccompetitorsare
equippedwithcertainuniquephysicalcharacteristics.Takeasuperathlete'smuscles,forexample.Inmosthuman
skeletalmuscles,therearefast-twitchfibersandslow-twitchfibers.Fast-twitchfibershelpusmovequickly.Theyallow
weightlifterstolifthundredsofkilosfromthegroundandovertheirheadsinseconds.Thelegsofasupermarathon
runner,ontheotherhand,mightcontainupto90percentslow-twitchmusclefibers,whichgenerateenergyefficiently
andenablepeopletocontroltirednessandkeepmovingforalongerperiodoftimewhentheyexerciselongorhard.
Someathletes'abilitiesarenaturallyenhancedbytheirenvironment.Thoseraisedathighaltitudeshavebloodthat
isrichinhemoglobin,whichenablestheseathletestorunbetter,CulturalfactorsalsohelpTeglaLoroupe,ayoung
womanfromnorthernKenya,wonseveralmarathons.Sheattributessomeofhersuccesstohercountry'shighaltitude
andherculturalbackground.Asachild,shehadtoruntenkilometerstoschooleveryday.
Althoughgenetics,environment,andevencultureplayapartinbecomingasuperathlete,trainingandpracticeare
neededtosucceed.Weightliftersandgymnastsperfecttheirskillsbyrepeatingthesamemotionsagainandagainuntil
theyareautomatic.Trainingthiswayrequiresanathletetobenotonlyphysicallyfitbutpsychologicallyhealthyas
99/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
well.
Howdoathletesadjusttosuchintensepressure?Louganisexplainshowhelearnedtocontrolhisanxietyduringa
competition:"Mostdiversthinktoomuch…,"hesays."They'retoomuchintheirheads.Whatworkedformewas
humor.Irememberthinkingaboutwhatmymotherwouldsayifshesawmedoabaddive.She'dprobablyjust
complimentmeonthebeautifulsplash."
11．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthetext?
A．HealthyOlympicChampions.
B．OlympicChampionsintheMaking.
C．FactorsinBecomingPhysicallyandPsychologicallyHealthy.
D．DifferencebetweenanAthleteandanAveragePerson.
【答案】11．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文简要介绍了成就奥运冠军的几个因素，在现实中，生物环境、心理因素以及训
练和实践的结合，都是造就超级运动员的因素，而尽管基因、环境甚至文化都在成为超级运动员的过程中起着
一定的作用，但要想成功，训练和实践是必不可少的。最后以Louganis为例，说明了运动员适应巨大压力的方
式。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“WhatmakesapersonbecomeanOlympicchampion?Inreality,acombinationof
biologicalenvironmental,andpsychologicalfactorsaswellastrainingandpractice,allgointomakingasuper
athlete.(是什么让一个人成为奥运冠军？在现实中，生物环境、心理因素以及训练和实践的结合，都是造就超级
运动员的因素)”结合本文简要介绍了成就奥运冠军的几个因素，指出而尽管基因、环境甚至文化都在成为超级
运动员的过程中起着一定的作用，但要想成功，训练和实践是必不可少的。最后以Louganis为例，说明了运动
员适应巨大压力的方式。可知B选项“成为奥运冠军的因素”最符合文章标题。故选B。
5.
YoungChineseareincreasinglymakingtheirvoicesheardandinfluencingworldopinionastheytakeonmore
importantrolesininternationalorganizationsandglobalprojects,ataceremonyinBeijinginApril,singerandactor
KarryWangwasmadethenationalgoodwillambassadorfortheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammebyEric
Solheim,theorganization’sexecutivedirector.
“Theyoutharenolongermerelyonlookerswhenitcomestoenvironmentalaction,norshouldtheybe.Iwillspare
noeffortindoingeverythingIcantotakecareofourEarth,andIinviteeveryonetojoinmeingeneratingawaveof
positiveaction,”Wangsaidinhisspeechaftertheappointment.In2016,WangwidelysharedtheonlineWildforLife
campaign,whichgained400millionviews.Ayearlater,hepubliclyspokeoutontheurgentneedtoprotectendangered
100/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
wildlife,callingtheanimalsthe“superstarsoftheplanet.”
Beyonddrawingattentiontowildlife,hecalledonhisfollowerstopledgetoreducetheirelectronicwaste,using
thehashtagBEATPOLLUTIONtohighlighttheissue.Within24hours,hispostwasretweeted1.67milliontimesand
morethan400,000followershadpledgedtoreducewaste.
“Ouractionswillsoonbetheleveragetochangetheworld,”Wangsays,callingontheyoungergenerationin
Chinaandaroundtheworldtoraisetheirawarenessofenvironmentalissues.
ErikSolheim,headofUNEnvironmentsays,“ItisinspiringtoseethestronganddeterminedvoiceofChinese
youthwhenitcomestotheenvironment.Whenyoungpeoplesettheirmindstochange,itisincredibletoseethegreat
thingsthatcanbeaccomplished,WeareveryexcitedtoworkwithWangJunkaitocreateevenmoreawarenessabout
theenvironmentalproblemsandsolutionsforthesetimes.”
AccordingtotheUNreportYouthintheCoreofSustainabilityinAsiaPacificpublishedinMarch2016,young
people’sparticipationwillhelpachievethesustainabledevelopmentgoalsintheAsia-Pacificregionsetfor2030.
BesidesWang,otherUNEPgoodwillambassadorsincludeactressLiBingbing,actorLiChen,EllieGoulding,
BertrandPiccardandcelebritiesfromallwalksoflifebothfromChinaandabroad.
27．Whichofthefollowingbestservesasthetitle?
A．KarryWang’scontributiontoenvironmentalaction
B．ThestronganddeterminedvoiceofChineseyouth
C．Safeguardingourearthbythenewgeneration
D．Makingwavesontheglobalstage
【答案】27．D
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了中国有越来越多的青年积极坚定地参与进了国际组织和全球项目，发
出自己的声音并影响世界舆论，文中列举了王俊凯为代表，他成为了国际亲善大使。
27．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“YoungChineseareincreasinglymakingtheirvoicesheardandinfluencingworld
opinionastheytakeonmoreimportantrolesininternationalorganizationsandglobalprojects(随着中国年轻人在国
际组织和全球项目中扮演越来越重要的角色，他们越来越多地发出自己的声音，并影响世界舆论)”以及第五段
中“ErikSolheim,headofUNEnvironmentsays,“ItisinspiringtoseethestronganddeterminedvoiceofChinese
youthwhenitcomestotheenvironment.Whenyoungpeoplesettheirmindstochange,itisincredibletoseethegreat
thingsthatcanbeaccomplished,WeareveryexcitedtoworkwithWangJunkaitocreateevenmoreawarenessabout
theenvironmentalproblemsandsolutionsforthesetimes.”(联合国环境署署长ErikSolheim说：“看到中国青年在环
境问题上发出的坚定而坚定的声音，令人鼓舞。当年轻人下定决心去改变的时候，看到他们可以完成伟大的事
101/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
情是令人难以置信的。我们很高兴能够与王俊凯合作，为这个时代创造更多关于环境问题和解决方案的意识。”)”
可知，本文主要讲述了中国有越来越多的青年积极坚定地参与进了国际组织和全球项目，发出自己的声音并影
响世界舆论，文中列举了王俊凯为代表，他成为了国际亲善大使，因此本文的最佳标题选项D“在全球舞台上掀
起波澜”符合题意。故选D项。
规律方法1： 如何精确归纳标题？
1、利用主题段来概括标题
主题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的主题，
知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句话或一个短语——文章的标题。
2、利用主题句来概括标题
解题的关键是要抓住每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。通过寻找文章的主题句，并对主题句
进行概括和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。
做此类题时，要避免以下三种错误：
(1)概括不够(多表现为部分替代整体，从而缩小了范围)；
(2)过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)；
(3)以事实、细节替代文章大意。
【变式精讲】
1.
Iwasinvitedtogiveaspeechataneducators,conference.IhappenedtositnexttoClayParker,theCEOofa
technologycompanythatmakesmicroelectronicsdevices.
Forthelastfewyears,I’dbeenreadingabouttherapidlychangingworldofworkandwasincreasinglyconcerned
thatstudentsarenotpreparedfortoday’sworkplace.Buriedinbookknowledge,universitystudentstalklikeabookand
alwayspassexamswithflyingcolours.However,whenfacingHRstaffinsteadoftheirteachers,whattheyhave
learnedseemsuseless.SoIaskedParkerwhatqualitieshemostwantedinapotentialnewemployee.Iexpectedalistof
technicalskills-especiallysinceParkerisanengineerhimself-butIwaswayoffthemark.
“First,Ilookforsomeonewhoasksgoodquestions,”Parkerresponded.“Ourbusinessischanging,andsoarethe
skillsofourengineers.Wecanteachthemthetechnicalstuff.Butforemployeeswillingtosolveproblemsortolearn
newthings,theyhavetoknowwhatquestionstoask.Andwecan’tteachthemhowtoaskgoodquestions-howto
think.Theabilitytoasktherightquestionsreflectsgoodthinkingability,themostimportantquality.”
Indeed,theabilitytoaskgoodquestionshasbeenarepeatedthemeinalmostallofmyconversationsaboutcore
competencesandskillsforsuccessintoday’sworkplace.Itturnsoutthataskinggoodquestionsgoeshandinhandwith
problemsolvingabilityinthemindsofmostemployers.
102/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
Thestudentshavealwaysbeenbroughtuptoliveuptoacertainstandardandsomuchemphasishasbeenputon
fixedrulesandgivingtheexpectedansweroftheirteachersinsteadofraisingaquestion.Weteachersarealways
blamingthestudentsforgivingwronganswers.Perhapsweshouldaskourselveswhetherwearealwaysaskingthe
rightquestions.
7．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A．HowtoHuntforaJob
B．AskingQuestionsMatters
C．AnEncounterwithaCEO
D．Problem-solvingMakesaDifference
【答案】7．B
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文主要讲述了在职场中最重要的能力是具有提出问题的能力，这反映了其良
好的思考能力。
7．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Theabilitytoasktherightquestionsreflectsgoodthinkingability,themostimportant
quality.(提出正确问题的能力反映了良好的思考能力，这是最重要的品质。)”和第四段中“Indeed,theabilitytoask
good questions has been a repeated theme in almost all of my conversations about core competences and skills for
successintoday’sworkplace. (事实上，在我的几乎所有关于在当今职场中取得成功的核心能力和技能的谈话
中，提出好问题的能力一直是一个反复出现的主题。)”可知，本文主要讲述了在职场中最重要的能力是具有提
出问题的能力，这反映了其良好的思考能力，因此本文的最佳标题选项B“提出问题最重要”符合题意。故选B
项。
2.
Therearemanyreasonstoskipdeep-friedfastfood,oneofwhichisthechallengeofdealingwithusedcookingoil.
ButresearchersattheUniversityofTorontohavediscoveredamusingmethodoftransformingthisuselesswaste
productintoanaffordableplasticinkfor3Dprinters.Andthere’smoregoodnews!Theinkcanbreakdownnaturally,
unlikeconventional3Dprintingresins(树脂).
ProfessorAndreSimpsonisdirectoroftheDepartmentofChemistryattheUniversityofToronto.Hefirstbecame
interestedintheideawhenhegota3Dprinteraroundthreeyearsago.Afternoticingthatthemolecules(分子)usedin
commercialresinsresembledfatsfoundincookingoil,hewonderedwhethersuchamoleculecouldbecreatedusing
wastecookingoil.
UsingoldcookingoilfromalocalMcDonaldsrestaurantclosetoacampus,ProfessorSimpsonandhisresearch
teamappliedaone-stepchemicalprocessinthelab,usingaboutoneliterofusedcookingoiltomakejustunderhalfof
103/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
thatamountinresins.Theresinwasthenusedtoprintaplasticbutterflythatwasstructurallyandthermally(热地)
stable.Thismeansthatitwon’tcrumbleormeltaboveroomtemperature.
SpeakingtoGoodnet,ProfessorSimpsonoutlinedhishighhopesforthecreativeandcheaperroutetorecycling
thatwastecookingoil:“Normally3Dprintingresinscomefromfossilfuels,butbyrecyclingusedcookingoilintoa
highvalueproduct,wehopeitwillreducethefinancialbarriers,whichshouldbeawin-winfortheenvironment.
ProfessorSimpsonisalsoexcitedthatthenewlowercostofthis3Dprintingmaterialwillopenupaccesstothe
near-limitlesscreativeopportunities.“Wehopethatastheresincanbemadeverycheaply,itcouldreducethe3D
printingcost,sothetechnologyisavailabletoeveryone,”heexplains.
15．Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?
A．ResearchersInventNew3DPrinters. B．WasteCookingOilFindsaNewLife.
C．3DPrintingResinsBringMoreHopes. D．AHigh-techProductChangesOurLives.
【答案】15．B
【解析本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了废弃食用油的新的处理办法——制成3D打印机的廉价塑料墨水。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“ButresearchersattheUniversityofTorontohavediscoveredamusingmethodof
transformingthisuselesswasteproductintoanaffordableplasticinkfor3Dprinters.（但多伦多大学的研究人员发现
了一种有趣的方法，可以将这种无用的废物转化为3D打印机的廉价塑料墨水。）”及全文内容可知，本文主要
介绍了废弃食用油的新的处理办法——制成3D打印机的廉价塑料墨水。B项“废弃食用油获得了新生命”可以作
为本文的最佳标题。故选B项。
3.
Someoneoncesaid,‘thepoorestmanonearthisnotthemanwithoutmoney,butthemenwithoutadream.’This
impliesthatthetotalityofaman'slifeisrootedindreams.
Ihaveneverseenasuccessfulmanwithoutadream;infact,forplanstoconetobeingitmustfirstbeimaginedas
adream.Bringingone'sdreamtorealizationisoneofthemostpowerfulthingsanyonecandotobesuccessfulinlife.
However,weneedtounderstandthattolifetherearedesignsandrulesthatcannotbebrokenorreplaced;forinstance,
foodhasnosubstituteinourlives.Why?Itisbecauseweneedfoodforenergytodoworkandgrowth.
Also,havingdreamisvitalinmakingthemostofouradventureinlife.Haveyoueverwonderedwhyeachtime
successisdiscussedsomenamessuchasBillGate,MartinLutherKing,ThomasEdison,BarrackObamaandothers
cometoourminds?
Weneedtounderstandthatallthesemenatonepointintheirliveshaddreams,whichtheyputintoplans
Greatnessisneverachievedinaday;itfirststartsinthemindlikeadream,beforethecarrierputsitintoplans.Dream
104/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
isthestartingpointofsuccess.itisthebeginningofanycreation.Lifewithoutadreamisdoomedtofailure.Where
thereisnodream,thereisnohope.Withouta,dream,one'sfutureisuncertain.
Whenthenisdream?Itcanbedescribedasthementalpictureofadesiredfuture.Ibelievetherearetwoworlds;
thephysicalworldwecanseeandrelatewith,andtheworldthatexistsinthemind(imaginedworld).Concreteitems
existedfirstinimaginedworldbeforebirthedinformofinventionorotherwise.Everythingthatexiststoday,was
createdtwice.Firstinthemindandthenprocessedintorealorseenworld.
Dreamis,therefore,thecurrencyandpowerofhope.Ourdreamsaremuchmoreimportantthanourpresent
circumstances,becausetheyenableustohaveideasaboutthefuture.
15．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A．IHaveaDream! B．NoDream,NoHope!
C．ADreaminLifeIsImportant! D．SuccessStartswithaDream!
【答案】15．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者在文章讲述了拥有梦想对人生的重要性。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Someoneoncesaid,‘thepoorestmanonearthisnotthemanwithoutmoney,butthe
menwithoutadream.’Thisimpliesthatthetotalityofaman'slifeisrootedindreams.(有人曾经说过：“世界上最贫穷
的人不是没有钱的人，而是没有梦想的人。”这意味着一个人的全部生活都植根于梦想。)”以及最后一段中“Dream
is, therefore, the currency and power of hope. Our dreams are much more important than our present circumstances,
becausetheyenableustohaveideasaboutthefuture.(因此，梦想是希望的货币和力量。我们的梦想比我们现在所
处的环境重要得多，因为它们使我们能够对未来有想法。)”可知，本文主要讲述了拥有梦想对人生的重要性，
因此本文的最佳标题是选项C“梦想很重要!”故选C项。
4.
Itshouldbeoneofthemaingoalsintoday’ssocietytoreduceplasticconsumption.Thoughmanyofusbelieve
thatrecyclingwillsolvetheproblem,andcontinueusingplastic,it’sactuallytheopposite.In2013,254milliontonsof
trashwasproducedintheU.S.alone,andonlyaround30%wasrecycled.Thismeansthattherestendedupinalandfill
andwillstaythereforupto1000years.
Recently,Chinahasstoppedimportingtrashfromallovertheworld.Beforethis,over30%oftheworld’swaste
wouldendupinChina,causingapopularbeliefthatAsiancountriesarethoseresponsibleforcreatingthemajorityof
thewasteintheworld.Now,Asiancountries,includingVietnamandThailand,arelookingfornewwaystoavoid
plastic.Oneofthoseideaswasanew,eco-friendlywaytopacktheirgoodsbyavoidingplasticpackaging.
OneofthePerfectHomesChiangmai’steammembersnoticedacreativewaytoreduceplasticthatasupermarket
105/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
calledRimpingSupermarketwasusinganddecidedtotakephotosof theirshelveswithhisphone.Littledidheknow
thatpeoplefromallaroundtheworldwouldabsolutelylovethisidea.“Ijustpoppedintogetafewitemswhilewe
werewaitingtosignsomecontracts(合同)withourlawyer,whowasdelayed.WhenInoticedthevegetableswrapped
inbananaleavesandsimplylikedtheidea,Itookafewpicturesandpostedthemonline”hesaid.
Withmorethan3.5millionviewsandover17thousandshares,theideabecamesomethingpeoplecanencourage
moresupermarketstoimplement(贯彻).
Somehavenoticedthatnoteverythingontheshelvesiscompletelyplastic-free,towhichthesupermarket
respondedthattheyaretakingonestepatatime,butit’snotthateasy.Manyproductscometothesupermarkets
pre-packagedandmanycompaniesareinterestedinwrappingtheirproduceinplasticsinceitisthecheapestandthe
easiestoption.
It’snowuptotheshopperstoshowthesupermarketwhichtheyprefer.Ifeveryoneoptsforthebananaleaf
packaging,theywillstopstockingtheitemsinplastic.
15．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?
A．LeafPackagingGoesViral
B．ReducingPlasticConsumption
C．RecyclingAvoidsPlasticPackaging
D．AGoodOptionMakesADifference
【答案】15．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了减少塑料消费应该成为当今社会的主要目标之一。文章提到一种用香蕉
叶来包装的方法，但能否成功取决于消费者。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“It’snowuptotheshopperstoshowthesupermarketwhichtheyprefer.Ifevery
oneoptsforthebananaleafpackaging,theywillstopstockingtheitemsinplastic.（现在轮到购物者向超市展示他们
更喜欢哪一种了。如果每个人都选择香蕉叶包装，他们就会停止储存塑料物品。）及全文内容可知，人们的一个
选择可以解决塑料污染问题。所以“AGoodOptionMakesADifference(好的选择所带来的影响)”作为文章标题最
为合适。故选D项。
5.
WhenSimonCanewasinthesecondgrade,hebeganlearningaboutallthewayshumanshaveanimpactonthe
environmentandreallytookthoseclassroomlessonstoheartinawaythatsethimapartfromhisschoolmatesathis
elementaryschool,P.S.81,intheBronx.“Hetoldmewedrovetoomuchandmadetoomuchpollution,”hisdad,
JonathanCane,toldRunner’sWorld.SoSimonconvincedhisparentstostarthangingtheirclothestodry,takingthe
106/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
stairsinsteadofelevators,andother“green”measures.
“FormuchofkindergartenandfirstgradeIrodemybiketoSimon’sschoolwithhimontheback,”Jonathansaid.
“Wehadalotoffunbeingoutdoors.We’dstoptogiveourdogtreatsandgenerallyenjoyedit.”AsSimongotbigger,
though,itwasn’tpracticalforhimtorideonhisfather’sback,butitalsodidn’tmakesensetoridetogether—both
becauseofsafetyconcernsandbecausetherewasnoplacetoputawaySimon’sbike.So,mostofthetimetheydrove
the1.5milestoschool.
Butin,whenSimonwasgoingintothirdgrade,the8-year-oldcameupwithanewwaytohelptheplanet:
runningthe1.5milestoP.S.81.AndJonathanpromisedhissonhe’djoinhimforaslongashewanted.
“WedidatestrunonedayinAugust,anddecidedtogiveitago.Tobehonest,Ithoughthe’dblink(眨眼)afterit
gotreallycoldorrainy,butheneverdid,”Jonathansaid.Herecalledonedaywhentheweatherwasparticularlybad.
“It’sreallyrainingouttheretoday,”hetoldSimon.“AndSimonsaid,‘Wellthenwe’regoingtogetwet!’Hetookpride
intoughingitout,anditbecameareallyfunfamilyroutine.”
Sincethestart,Simonhasrunwithhisdadandtheirblackdog,Lola,andhaseveninspiredhismom,NicoleSin
Quee,tojoinin.Theysoonbecameknownas“thefamilythatrunstoschool”.
27．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A．TheBestWaytoGotoSchool
B．FatherandSonRunfortheEnvironment
C．ATeenagerKeepsRunningtoInspireFather
D．ThreeInspiringRunningAthletestoProtecttheEnvironment
【答案】27．B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述一位八岁的男孩 SimonCane为环保做出的实际行动——和爸爸一起跑
去上学。
27．主旨大意题。阅读全文，尤其是根据第一段“WhenSimonCanewasinthesecondgrade,hebeganlearningabout
allthewayshumanshaveanimpactontheenvironmentandreallytookthoseclassroomlessonstoheart（当西蒙·凯恩
上二年级的时候，他开始学习人类对环境的所有影响，并真正把课堂上学的内容牢记在心。）”以及最后一段
“Sincethestart,Simonhasrunwithhisdadandtheirblackdog,Lola,andhaseveninspiredhismom,NicoleSinQuee,
tojoinin.Theysoonbecameknownas“thefamilythatrunstoschool.”（ 从一开始，西蒙就和他的爸爸和他们的黑
狗萝拉一起跑步，甚至还激励了他的妈妈 (NicoleSinQuee)也加入进来。他们很快就被称为“跑去上学的家
庭”。）”可知，本文主要讲述八岁的男孩 SimonCane很重视环保，并且为环保做出的实际行动——和爸爸一起
跑步去上学。故选B项。
107/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
考点 2 概括文章大意
考点1精确归纳标题
主旨大意题 考点2概括文章大意
考点3总结段落大意
【考纲解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
要求考生阅读 4 篇短 主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意
文，从每题所给的 4 个选 和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细
考查
项中选出最佳选项。题材 节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解
主旨大意、
广泛，包括科普、社会、 全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑
细节理解、
文化、政治、经济等多方 方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要
推理判断、
面内容。体裁多样，以记 高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。
词义猜测、
叙文、议论文、说明文为 篇章结构
主。 等题型。
【剖析全国高考真题】
考点2概括文章大意
1.B【·全国新课标II】
Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelp
childrenwithmath-relatedskills.
PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,
foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundto
beasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandthe
amountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.
Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfound
childrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54months
108/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
ofage.
“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirability
torotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.
Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthe
studyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmore
frequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywith
morecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduring
puzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.
ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.242
27．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A．Amathematicalmethod. B．Ascientificstudy.
C．Awomanpsychologist D．Ateachingprogram.
【答案】27．B
【解析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。
27．主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关
于科学研究的。B.Ascientificstudy(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。
2.C【·全国新课标III】
Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingto
livetogether.
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the
groundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.
Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol — one of a growing number of
multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing
machine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.
“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more
withNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”
And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I
thinkIwould.”
It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but researchindicates that the numbers have been rising
for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen
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from325,000in2002to419,000in2013.
Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many
more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about20% of 25-34-year-olds live
with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is
thoughttobeabout1.8million.
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In
India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get
married.318
31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries. B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.
C.AhousingprobleminBritain. D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.
【答案】31.D
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着
被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。
31.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old atrisk of
isolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面
临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选
D项。
3.C【·全国II】
MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach’sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsfor
hersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel’s“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she’s
notalone.
Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfast
aloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore，74
percent，accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.
“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone，buttogether，youknow？”Bechtelsaid，lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel，
whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach，haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes，butlikemanyofus，toooftenworks
throughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturns
toworkfeelingenergized.“Today，Ijustwantedsometimetomyself，”shesaid.
Justtwoseatsover，AndrewMazoleny，alocalvideographer，isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecan
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sitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavea
littleinteraction(交流).“Ireflectonhowmyday'sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“It'sachancefor
self-reflection,Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”
Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefelt
awkwardaboutaskingforatableforone，butthosedaysareover.Now，wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompany
atthetable.“Itdoesn'tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealtheadvancesintechnology,”saidLaurieDemerit， whose
companyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.
31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.
B.Theimportanceofself-reflection.
C.Thestressfromworkingovertime.
D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.
【答案】 31.A
【解析】
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。一份新的调查发现，越来越多的人选择独自一个人吃饭。本文分析了这种现
象背后的深层次原因。
31.A主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，
或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选A。
4.
Inmyeverydaylife,Iamonanongoingjourneytofigureoutdifferentwaystoreducemycarbonfootprintonthe
planet.Acarbonfootprintisthemeasureofinfluenceouractivitieshaveontheenvironment,inparticularclimate
change.Itiscalculatedbytheamountofgreenhousegasweproduceinourdailylives.Fortunately,nowadaysitis
mucheasiertomakeeco-friendlylifestylechoicesthan,let'ssay,20yearsago.Butonequestionhasbeenonmyminda
lotlately:isitbettertobuyneweco-friendlyproductsorusedtraditionallyproducedgoods?
Afterdoingsomeresearch,Ihavedecidedthatsomethingsarebetternewandothersarebetterused.Letmetryto
explain.
Acarbonfootprintismadeupoftwoparts,theprimaryfootprintandthesecondaryfootprint.Theprimary
footprintisameasureofourdirectemissions(排放)ofcarbondioxide(CO2)fromtheburningoffuels,including
householdenergyconsumptionandtransportation.ThesecondaryfootprintisameasureoftheindirectCO2emissions
fromthewholelifecycleofproductsweuse-thoserelatedtotheirproductionandbreakdown.
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Basedonthisunderstanding,wehaveagooddealofcontrolandresponsibilityoverourcarbonfootprint.Things
likedishes,clothesandfurniturefallintothe“secondaryfootprint”group,solessismoreandwecanfocusonfinding
usedgoodstoavoidtheaddedproduction.However,forthecarandtheotherappliances(设备)thatweneedwecango
withnew,energy-savingmodels.Iheardsomewherethatelectronicsandappliancesgiveoff90%oftheircarbon
footprintaftertheyleavethefactory.Soitseemsmostreasonabletogofortheenergy-savingmodels.Themain
concernhereistheamountofenergythatgoesintothemakingofnewproductsandwhetherornotthatextracarbonis
worththefootprinttheproductwillmakeonceitgetstoyou.
4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A．Whatappliancestobuytosaveenergy.
B．Whatacarbonfootprintmeansinourlife.
C．Howtoidentifydifferentcarbonfootprints.
D．Howtomakeeco-friendlylifestylechoices.
【答案】4．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者一直努力减少生活中的碳足迹，但是新型环保产品和使用过的传统生产的产品，
哪一种更能减少碳足迹呢？作者通过研究和对比给我们找到了答案：他们各有千秋。
4．主旨大意题。文章第一段中“Fortunately,nowadaysitismucheasiertomakeeco-friendlylifestylechoices(幸运的
是，现在更容易选择环保的生活方式)”以及困扰作者的一个问题“isitbettertobuyneweco-friendlyproductsor
usedtraditionallyproducedones?(新型环保产品，使用过的传统生产的产品，选择哪一种更好？)”再根据第二段
一整段的内容，作者通过研究得出答案，有些时候是新型环保产品好，有时候是另一种更好。文章接下来的段
落就是分析了作者这个答案是怎样找到的。由此可知，文章主要是关于怎样选择更环保的生活方式的。故选D。
5.C【·天津卷】
Forpeople,whoareinterestedinsound,thefieldofsoundtechnologyisdefinitelymakingnoise.Inthepast,
soundengineersworkedinthebackroomsofrecordingstudios,butmanyoftoday’ssoundprofessionalsaresharing
theirknowledgeandexperiencewithprofessionalsinotherfieldstocreatenewproductsbasedonthephenomenonwe
callsound.
Soundcanbeusedasaweapon.Imaginethatapoliceofficerischasingathief.Thethieftriestoescape.Andthe
officercan’tlethimgetaway.Hepullsoutaspecialdevice,pointsitatthesuspect,andswitchesiton.Thethiefdrops
totheground.ThisnewweaponiscalledaLongRangeAcousticDevice(LRAD, 远程定向声波发射器).Itproducesa
deafeningsoundsopainfulthatittemporarilydisablesaperson.ThenoisefromtheLRADisdirectedlikearayoflight
andtravelsonlyintotheearsofthatperson,butitisnotdeadly.
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Forthosewhohungerforsomepeaceandquiet,soundcannowcreatesilence.Let’ssayyouareattheairport,and
thelittleboyontheseatnexttoyouishumming(哼唱)ashortcommercialsong.Hehumsitoverandoveragain,and
youareabouttogocrazy.ThankstotheSilenceMachine,aBritishinvention,youcangetridofthesoundwithout
upsettingtheboyorhisparents.OnemaywonderhowtheSilenceMachineworks.Well,itfunctionsbyanalyzingthe
wavesoftheincomingsoundandcreatingasecondsetofoutgoingwaves.Thetwosetsofwavescanceleachotherout.
Simplyturnthemachineorpointitatthetarget,andyourpeaceandquietcomesback.
Directedsoundisanewtechnologythatallowscompaniestousesoundinmuchthesamewayspotlights(聚光灯)
areusedinthetheater.Aspotlightlightsuponlyonesectionofastage;similarly,“spotsound”createsacircleofsound
inontargetedarea.Thiscanbeusefulforbusinessessuchasrestaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersanewwayto
attractcustomers.Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthemenu,allowing
customersmorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining.Directedsoundisalsobeginningtoappearin
shoppingcentersandevenathomes.
50．Whatdoesthepassagefocuson?
A．Howprofessionalsinventedsoundproducts.
B．Inventionsinthefieldofsoundtechnology.
C．Thegrowinginterestinthestudyofsound.
D．Howsoundengineersworkintheirstudios.
【答案】50．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些声音技术领域的发明创造，包括声音可以用作武器的远程声学
设备、用来阻止有害声音影响你的静音机以及定向音响技术。
50．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的”Inthepast,soundengineersworkedinthebackroomsofrecordingstudios,but
manyoftoday'ssoundprofessionalsaresharingtheirknowledgeandexperiencewithprofessionalsinotherfieldsto
createnewproductsbasedonthephenomenonwecallsound.”可知，在过去，音响工程师在录音室的后室工作，但
今天的许多音响专业人士正在与其他领域的专业人士分享他们的知识和经验，以我们所谓的声音现象为基础创
造新产品。结合下文具体内容可知，本文着重论述了声音技术领域的发明创造。故选B。
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【精讲研法】
考点2 概括文章大意
【做题实践中找规律】
【例1】
Inthe1966science-fictionfilmTheFantasticVoyage,ateamofscientistsanddoctorsareshrunktomicroscopic
sizeinjectedintothebodyofaninjuredmantosavehislife.Thetinycrewtravelsthroughthebody'sdangerous
environmenttolocateandrepairthedamagedpartoftheman'sbody.Eventually,thegroupmanagestocompletetheir
taskandthemanawakens,fullycured.
Suchanideasoundsextraordinarytomany,Butwhatifitwerepossibletocureadiseaselikeacancer,usingtiny
particlesinjectedintoapersontofindthecanceranddestroyitwithoutharminganythingelseinthebody?Althoughit
mayseemlikesciencefiction,toolslikethisarenowbeingdevelopedandmaybecomecommoninthenear
future—thankstoresearchcurrentlybeingdoneinthefieldofnanotechnology.
Nanotechnology（纳米技术）isreallysmall.Theprefix"nano"referstoananometer,whichisone-billionthofa
meter.Acommaonapageofabookormagazinemaybemorethanhalfamillionnanometer.Usingthistechnology,it
willbepossibletodetectcanceratastagewhenthereareperhapsonlyathousandbadcells.Comparethistowhat
happenstoday:doctorscandiagnosecanceronlyafterthedangerouscellshavemultipliedintomillionsanddeveloped
atumor.Oneoftheadvantagesofdetectingandtreatingcanceristhatthecellsislesslikelytoberesistanttodrug
treatment.Rightnow,mostcancertreatmentskillnotonlythedangerouscellsbutthehealthyonesaswell.
Nanoparticleswillallowdoctorstoattackcanceroustumorswithoutdisturbinghealthycells.Thus,itcandeliver
cancer-killingdrugstothecancercellsandallowdoctorstodelivercancertreatmentearlier,faster,andmore
thoroughly.
Unfortunately,thereareseriousconcernsthatthesesamematerialscouldhavenegativeenvironmentandhealth
effects.Inrecentstudies,fishexposedtowatercontaininglargeamountsofnanoparticlessufferedbraindamage.And
peopleareatriskaswell.Butmanyscientistsdon'tthinkresearchintoitsmanyusesshouldbestopped.
Meanwhile,researchintotheusesofnanotechnologyinhealthandotherfieldscontinues."What'samazingishow
quicklythisisevolving",sayschemistVickiColin."eventenyearsago,alotoftheseapplicationswouldhaveseemed
prettyunrealistic."Perhaps,theoldmovie,TheFantasticVoyage,isn'tsohardtobelieveafterall.
12．Whatisthereadingmainlyabout?
A．AfilmcalledTheFantasticVoyage.
B．Howtodetectdifferentcancers.
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C．Thedangersandsideeffectsofnanotechnology.
D．Theapplicationanddevelopmentofnanotechnology.
【答案】12．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了纳米技术在医学领域里的运用，以及它的优缺点和发展现状。
12．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Althoughitmayseemlikesciencefiction,toolslikethisarenowbeingdevelopedand
maybecomecommoninthenearfuture—thankstoresearchcurrentlybeingdoneinthefieldofnanotechnology.”（尽
管这看起来像是科幻小说，但现在正在开发这样的工具，并且在不久的将来可能会变得越来越普遍——这要归
功于当前在纳米技术领域进行的研究。）并通读全文结合全文主要讲了纳米技术在医学领域里的运用，以及它的
优缺点和发展现状可知，本文主要介绍了纳米技术的应用与发展。故选D项。
2.
Sacagaweawasnotafraid.Althoughshewasonly16yearsoldandtheonlyfemaleinanexplorationgroupof
morethan45people,shewasreadytocourageouslymakehermarkinAmericanhistory.
In1803,PresidentThomasJeffersonboughtmorethan825,000squaremilesoflandfromFrance.Toexplorethis
newpartofthecountry,JeffersonsentLewisandWilliamClarkonatwo-yearjourneytoreportonwhattheyfound.
Theyneededlocalguidestohelpthemthroughthisunknownterritory.
BorntoaShoshonechiefaround1788,Sacagaweahadbeenkidnapped(绑架)byanenemytribewhenshewas
about12,thensoldtoaFrench-Canadiantrapper.WhenthetrapperwashiredasaguideforLewisandClark's
expeditionin1804,SacagaweaalsojoinedasaninterpretertotalktoNative-Americanpeopleontheir8,000-mile
journey.
Sacagaweasoonbecamearespectedmemberofthegroup.Shewasskilledatfindingplantsforfoodandmedicine
tohelpkeeptheexplorersalive.Whenaboatcapsized(翻)ontheMissouriRiverastheywerecrossingintowhatis
nowMontana,Sacagaweasavedimportantbooksandmuch-neededsupplies.Whentheyneededhorsestocrossrough
area,sheconvincedaShoshonetribe—ledbyherlong-lostbrother—togivethemsome.ShewassoesteemedbyLewis
andClarkthatwhentheyreachedthePacificOceaninNovember1805,Sacagaweawasaskedtocasthervotefor
wheretheyshouldbuildafort(营地).
SacagaweaprovedherselfagainafterthegrouptookadifferentroutehomethroughwhatisnowIdaho.Asthey
passedthroughherhomeland,SacagawearememberedShoshonetrailsfromherchildhoodandhelpedtheexpedition
findtheirwaythrough.Clarkevenpraisedherashis“pilot”.
ShereceivednopayforherservicesanddiedonDecember20,1812.ButSacagawea'sbraveryandskillliveonin
theexpedition'sjournals,whicharefullofpraiseforthe16-year-oldShoshonegirlwhoguidedthemostfamous
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Americanexpeditionofalltime.
7．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A．Aspecialhonor. B．Agreatexpedition.
C．Anoutstandinggirl. D．Anunknownterritory.
【答案】7．C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述女孩Sacagawea帮助探险队成功探险的故事。
7．主旨大意题。阅读文章，并根据第一段“Sacagaweawasnotafraid.Althoughshewasonly16yearsoldandtheonly
femaleinanexplorationgroupofmorethan45people,shewasreadytocourageouslymakehermarkinAmerican
history.（Sacagawea并不害怕。尽管她只有16岁，是一个由45多人组成的探险队中唯一的女性，但她准备勇
敢地在美国历史上留下自己的印记。）”和最后一段“ButSacagawea'sbraveryandskillliveonintheexpedition's
journals,whicharefullofpraiseforthe16-year-oldShoshonegirlwhoguidedthemostfamousAmericanexpeditionof
alltime.（但是，Sacagawea的勇敢和技巧一直保存在探险队的日记中，日记中充满了对这位16岁的Shoshone
少女的赞扬，她领导了美国有史以来最著名的探险队。）可知，本文讲述女孩Sacagawea帮助探险队成功探险的
故事，由此可知，选项C.Anoutstandinggirl.( 一个杰出的女孩。)切题。故选C。
3.
Clothingrentalisahotnewindustryandretailers(零售商)aredemandingtogetonboardinhopesofattracting
greenshopper.
Butisrentingfashionactuallymoreenvironmentally-friendlythanbuyingit,andifso,howmuchmore?Journalist
andauthorElizabethClineinvestigated(调查)thisquestionandconcludedthatit'snotassustainableasitseems.
Takeshipping,forexample,whichhastogotwowaysifanitemisrented—receivingandreturning.Clinewrites
thatconsumertransportationhasthesecondlargestcarbonfootprintofourcollectivefashionhabitaftermanufacturing.
Shewrites,''Anitemorderedonlineandthenreturnedcansendout20kilogramsofcarboneachway,and
increasesupto50kilogramsforrushshipping.Bycomparison,thecarbonimpactofapairofjeanspurchasedfroma
physicalstoreandwashedandwornathomeis33.4kilograms,accordingtoa2015studybyLevi's.''
Thenthere'stheburdenofwashing,whichhastohappenforeveryitemwhenit'sreturned,regardlessofwhether
ornotitwasworn.Formostrentalservices,thisusuallymeansdrycleaning,ahighimpactandpollutingprocess.All
therentalservicesthatClinelookedintohavereplacedperchloroethylene(氯乙烯),acarcinogenic(致癌的)air
pollutant,stillusedby70percentofUSdrycleaners,withalternatives,althoughthesearen'tgreateither.
Lastly,Clinefearsthatrentalserviceswillincreaseourappetiteforfastfashion,simplybecauseit'ssoeasily
accessible.There'ssomethingcalled''sharewashing''thatmakespeoplewastemorepreciselybecauseaproductor
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serviceissharedandthusisregardedasmoreeco-friendly.Uberisoneexampleofthis,advertisedas''awaytoshare
ridesandlimitearownership.''andyet''ithasbeenproventodiscouragewalking,bicycling,andpublictransportation
use.''
Rentingclothesisstillpreferabletobuyingthemcheapandthrowingtheminthedustbinafterafewwears,butwe
shouldn'tlettheavailabilityoftheseservicesmakeustoosatisfied.There'sanevenbetterstep—that'swearingwhatis
alreadyinthecloset.
35．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A．Clothingrentalisanewfashion.
B．Clothingrentalisretailers'preference.
C．Rentingclothesisnotthateco-friendly.
D．Renting-clothesbusinessisinadilemma.
【答案】35．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。服装租赁业是一种新型的流行的产业，并通过克莱因的调查说明了服装租赁业存在
的一些缺点，比如相比于直接购买衣服，租衣服在运输方面消耗了更多的碳能源；干洗租赁的衣服会给空气造
成污染；还会导致人们急于追求快速时尚，而随意浪费。最后作者提出最好的方法是要穿已经在衣柜里的衣服。
35．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第三段的Clinewritesthatconsumertransportationhasthesecond
largestcarbonfootprintofourcollectivefashionhabitaftermanufacturing.(克莱因写道，消费者的交通工具的碳足迹
仅次于制造业)，第五段的Thenthere'stheburdenofwashing(此外，还有洗涤的负担)和第六段的Lastly,Clinefears
thatrentalserviceswillincreaseourappetiteforfastfashion,simplybecauseit'ssoeasilyaccessible.(最后，Cline担心
租赁服务会增加我们对快速时尚的兴趣，因为它很容易获得)可知，本文主要讲述衣服租赁并不是人们所说的那
样环保 C.Rentingclothesisnotthateco-friendly.(服装租赁没有那么环保)符合以上说法，故选C项。
4.
Wehavetomakecertainourlimitedmoneyiswellspent.Butwhatshouldwespendourmoneyon?A20-year
studyconductedbyDr.Gilovich,aprofessoratCormellUniversity,reachedapowerfulandstraightforwardconclusion:
don'tspendyourmoneyonthings.
Thetroublewiththingsisthatthehappinesstheyprovidepetersout.Wegetusedtonewpossessions,andwhat
onceseemedexcitingquicklybecomesthenorm.Wekeepraisingthebarandalwayslookforanevenbetterone.
Possessions,bytheirnature,causecomparisons.Webuyanewcarandarethrilledwithituntilafriendbuysabetter
one—andthere'salwayssomeonewithabetterone.Mostofususuallyassumethatthehappinesswegetfrombuying
somethingwilllastaslongasthethingitself.Itseemsintuitive(直觉的)thatinvestinginsomethingwecansee,hear,
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andtouchonapermanentbasisdeliversthebestvalue.Butit'snotthecaseatall.
Gilovichhasfoundthatexperiencesdelivermore-lastinghappinessthanthings.Experiencesbecomeapartofour
identity.Everyone'sexperienceisunique.Wearenotourpossessions,butwearetheaccumulationofeverythingwe've
seen,thethingswe'vedone,andtheplaceswe'vebeento.“Ourexperiencesareabiggerpartofourselvesthanour
materialgoods,”saidGilovich.“Youcanreallylikeyourmaterialstuff.Youcaneventhinkthatpartofyouridentityis
connectedtothosethings,buttheyremainseparatefromyou.Incontrast,yourexperiencesreallyarepartofyou.We
arethesumtotalofourexperiences.”
Besides,wedon'tcompareexperiencesinthesamewaythatwecomparethings.It'shardtoquantifytherelative
valueofanytwoexperiences,whichmakesthemthatmuchmoreenjoyable.Andexpectationofanexperiencecauses
excitementandenjoyment,whileexpectationofobtainingapossessioncausesimpatience.Experiencesareenjoyable
fromtheveryfirstmomentsofplanning,allthewaythroughtothememoriesyoukeepforever.Thetemporary
happinessachievedbybuyingthingscanberegardedas“puddles(水坑)ofpleasure.”Inotherwords,thatkindof
happinessevaporates(蒸发)quicklyandleavesuswantingmore.Thingsmaylastlongerthanexperiences,butthe
memoriesthatremainarewhatmattermost.
11．Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?
A．Howcanwegainhappinesswithmoney?
B．Howcanwemakehappinesslastlong?
C．Whyshouldwespendmoneyonexperiencesinsteadofthings?
D．Whydoexperiencesachievepermanenthappinessthanthings?
【答案】11．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，作者论证说明了一个道理“为什么要把钱花在经历上，而不是事物上”。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了事物能够带来的幸福是短暂，经历留下来的精神财富才
是最重要的；再根据第一段首句，引出文章主题“Wehavetomakecertainourlimitedmoneyiswellspent.Butwhat
shouldwespendourmoneyon?”（我们必须确保有限的钱花得值。但是我们应该把钱花在什么地方呢），所以本
文主要想表达的主题是“为什么要把钱花在经历上，而不是事物上”，故选C。
5.
Longago,writingwasdoneonparchments--thin,driedanimalskinsspeciallypreparedforwriting.Butthe
parchmentwasn'teasytomakeanditwasn'tcheap.Then,ancientpeopleremovedtheoriginalwritingfroma
parchmentandthenuseditagainforanotherpieceofwriting.That'swhatcreatesapalimpsest.
Thewritingremovedfromtheparchmentcan'tbeseendirectly.Generally,findinghiddenwritingonveryold
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documentsissounusual,butforscientists,itisjusttheoppositebecausetheyhavelearnedwaystousespeciallighting
todiscoverit.Foryoungcollegestudents,doingthisisadifferentmatter.Lastyear,somestudentsattheRochester
InstituteofTechnology(RIT)tookpartinaclassthatbroughttogethermanystudentsfromdifferentareastodoa
projectasagroup,whichwastobuildaspecialcamerasystemthatcouldtakepicturesbyusingdifferentkindsoflight.
Butjustasthestudentswerefinishinguptheirprojecttogether,COVID-l9hitandthestudentscouldnolongerworkon
theprojectinperson.Instead,theybrokeintosmallergroupstotrytofinishpartsoftheprojectremotely.Although
theymetmanytoughproblems,theycommunicated,sometimesfiercely,witheachothertimelyonlinetosettlethem.
Overthesummer,theygotspecialpermissiontocontinueworkingonthecamerasystem,andtheymanagedto
finishit.Thentheyborrowedseveraloldparchmentsfromthecollectionattheschool'sCaryGraphicArtsCollection.
Whentheyputoneofthepagesundertheircamerasystemwithultraviolet(UV)light( 紫外銭),thehiddenwriting
appearedsuddenly.Thestudentsareevenmoreexcitedbecauseeventhoughtheparchmentisnolongerpartofabook,
thestudentsknowwhere29otherpagesfromthesamebookare.Theyhopethatthese,too,willhavehiddenwriting.
31．What'sthetextmainlyabout?
A．Students'findinghiddenwriting.
B．Scientists'preservingparchments.
C．Theprotectionofolddocuments.
D．Aspecialcamerasystem.
【答案】31．A
【解析】本文属于说明文。介绍了一群罗彻斯特理工学院大学生用自己设计的特殊摄像系统在一本十六世纪的
书上发现了隐藏的文字。
31．主旨大意题。通全文，特别是根据第二段的“findinghiddenwritingonveryolddocumentsissounusual”（在
非常古老的文件上找到隐藏的文字是非常不寻常的）以及“Foryoungcollegestudents,doingthisisadifferent
matter.( 对于年轻的大学生来说，做这些是另一回事。)”和下文的描述可知，本文主要介绍了罗彻斯特理工学院
大学生克服重重困难，起合作研制成了一种成像相机，该相机利用紫外线，能够发现羊皮书上被古人隐去的信
息。故选A。
规律方法：如何概括文章大意?
1、做概括文章大意题时，有效的方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，文章的中心思想往
往是每段主题句的综合。若文章无主题句，这就需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、推断和归
纳，从而概括出文章大意。
2、在选择答案时，根据自己总结的大意，就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除。
119/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【变式精讲】
1.
Asdigitaldevices （设备）havetakenoversociety,“keyboardactivityisnowoftenrecommendedasasubstitute
forearlyhandwriting,"anewstudynotes.Theideaisthattypingmaybeeasierforyoungchildren.
“SomeschoolsinNorwayhavebecomecompletelydigital,"notesAudreyVanderMeer,thenewstudy'sleader,
whomeasuresbrainactivitytobetterunderstandlearningandbehaviors.SheworksattheNorwegianUniversityof
ScienceandTechnologyinTrondheim.Thehumanbrainhasdevelopedtointeractwiththeworldinasmanywaysas
possible,shenotes.Shebelievesthatyoungchildrenshouldlearntowritebyhandsuccessfully,and,atthesametime
learntomanageakeyboard.
Usingapeninvolvesmoreofthebrainthanusingakeyboard,hernewfindingsshow.Thisisbecausewritingand
printinginvolvecomplexmovementsthatactivatemoreareasofthebrain.Theincreasedbrainactivity,"givesthebrain
more'hooks'tohangyourmemorieson,"sheexplains.
Thinkaboutit.Thesamemovementisrequiredtotypeeachletteronakeyboard.Bycomparison,whenwewrite,
ourbrainneedstothinkaboutandrecovermemoriesoftheshapeofeachletter.Wealsoneedtouseoureyestowatch
whatshapeswe'rewriting.Andweneedtocontrolourhandstopressapenorpenciltoshapethedifferentletters.All
ofthisusesandconnectsmoreareasofthebrain.
Alongtheway,theseprocessesappearto“openthebrainupforlearning",saysVanderMeer.Solearningthrough
onlyoneformat—digital—couldbeharmful,sheworries.
VanderMeeralsopointsoutthattakingnotesbyhandstimulates （激发）"visualnotetaking".Ratherthantyping
blindly,thevisualnote-takerhastothinkaboutwhatisimportanttowritedown.Then,keywordscanbe"interlinked
byboxes,andarrows,andsupplementedbysmalldrawings".
12．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?
A．Digitaldevicesarepopularwithstudents.
B．Handwritingbeatstypingintakingnotes.
C．Theprocessoftakingnoteschangesthinking.
D．Thenewstudymakescontributionstoscience.
【答案】12．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，数字化正在普及，然而一项研究表明，在记笔记时，手写比（用键盘）
打字更有利于大脑发展，于学习有益，打字（数字化）对学习可能是有害的。
12．主旨大意题。第一段“引出电子设备，打字比手写更容易”，第二三段讲“手写比打字对大脑发展更好”，第
120/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
四段讲“手写对大脑发展更好的原因”，第五段讲“数字化（打字）对学习可能是有害的”，最后一段讲“再次申明
手记笔记的好处”，可知文章主要讲在记笔记上手写胜过打字，更有益于大脑发展。故选B项。
2.
ThenumberofBritishstudentsgoingtoUSuniversitieshasbeenclimbingsteadilyoverthepastdecade.Thelatest
availablefigures(from2017-)show11,460BritishstudentsarechoosingtostudyinUS.Thisrepresentsasmalldrop
(0.3%)fromthepreviousyear,showingthatAmericandegreesremainapopularchoice.
AmongthemostpopularAmericanuniversitiesforBritishstudentsare,Harvard,Yale,Princeton,Stanfordand
alsoinstitutionswithconvenientlocation--NewYorkUniversityinNewYorkCity,ortheUniversityofSouthern
CaliforniainLosAngeles,forexample.
Twofactorsmotivateyoungpeopletoheadwestforuniversities:academicopportunityandtheincreasing
availabilityoffinancialaidforforeignstudents.AnthonyNemecek,aneducationexpert,explains,“Whilethereare
manyreasonsBritishstudentsconsiderhighereducationstudyintheUS,themainreasonisthewiderangeofchoice
onoffer,bothsubjectsandinstitutions,aswellasnothavingtodecidetheir*major/course'untiltheendofthesecond
year."
OnereasonwhytheBritsmaybeunwillingtopursueaUSdegreeisthecost.TheUniversityofOxford,for
example,estimateslivingcostsoff14,850in,alongwithcoursefeesoff9,250,soatotaloff24,100.The
MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),aworld-leadingspecialistinscience,costs$73,160(£59,447;morethan
twiceasmuchasOxford),butmoststudentsatMITwillgetfinancialaid.MITishometoafinancialaidprogramfor
internationalstudents,makingitagreatplacetoapplyifmoneyisnotenough.
7．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?
A．BritishstudentsstudyinginUSuniversities.
B．DifferencesbetweenUSandBritishuniversities.
C．WhyBritishstudentsaregoingtoUSUniversities.
D．Whicharemoreattractive,USuniversitiesorBritishuniversities.
【答案】7．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英国学生要去就读美国大学的原因。
7．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Twofactorsmotivateyoungpeopletoheadwestforuniversities:academic
opportunityandtheincreasingavailabilityoffinancialaidforforeignstudents. （有两个因素促使年轻人前往西部大
学:学术机会和外国学生越来越容易获得的经济援助。）”及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了英国学生去美国学习
的原因。故选C项。
121/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
3.
AnewinternationalstudypublishedinPLOSBiologysuggeststhatthepopularityoftigers,lions,polarbearsand
othersmayactuallycontributetotheirdownfall.Theresearchersusedacombinationofonlineinvestigations,school
questionnaires,z00websitesandcartoonfilmstoidentifythe10mostbelovedanimals.Thetopthreeweretigers,lions
andelephants.
“Iwassurprisedtoseethatalthoughthese10animalsarethemostbeloved,amajordangerfacedbynearlyallof
themisdirectkillingbyhumans,especiallyfromhunting,”saidWilliamRipple,adistinguishedprofessorofforest
ecologyatOregonStateUniversityandaco-authoronthestudy.“Thiskillingbyhumansseemssadlyironic （讽刺的）
tome,asthesearesomeofourmostbelovedwildanimals.”
Manyoftheseanimalsaresofrequentlydescribedinpopcultureandmarketingmaterialsthattheymayforman
inaccurate“virtualpopulation”thatisdoingbetterinthemediathaninnature,notedleadauthorFranckCourchampof
theUniversityofParis.Theresearchersfound,forexample,thattheaverageFrenchcitizenwillseemorevirtuallions
throughphotos,cartoons,logosandbrandsinonemonththanwildlionsleftinWestAfrica.
“Unknowingly,companiesusinggiraffesorpolarbearsformarketingpurposesmaybeactivelycontributingtothe
falsebeliefthattheseanimalsarenotatriskofdyingout,andthereforenotinneedofconservation,”Courchampsaid.
Hesuggestedinthepaperthatcompaniesusingimagesofendangeredanimalsformarketingpurposesprovide
informationtopromotetheirconservation,andperhapspartoftheirprofitsforprotectionoftheanimals.
NearlyhalfofthetoyanimalssoldintheUnitedStatesonAmazonwereoneofthe10belovedanimals,whilein
Francesome800,000“Sophiethegiraffe”babytoysweresoldlastyear—morethaneighttimesthenumberofgiraffes
livinginAfrica.
“Theappearanceofthesebelovedanimalsinstores,inmovies,ontelevision,andonavarietyofproductsseemsto
betrickingthepublicintobelievingtheyaredoingokay,”Ripplesaid.“Ifwedon'tworktogethertosavetheseanimals,
thatmaysoonbetheonlywayanyonewillseethem.”
12．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A．Animalimagesareusedinmarketing. B．Wildanimalsareatahighriskofdyingout.
C．Animals'popularityinlifecausestheirdecrease. D．Effortsaremadetoprotectanimalsindanger.
【答案】12．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，许多动物在人类的生活中受欢迎，这使得这些动物在减少，动物的受
欢迎实际上可能是它们衰败的原因之一。
12．主旨大意题。第一段讲“一项研究表明：老虎、狮子、北极熊和其他动物的受欢迎实际上可能是它们衰败的
122/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
原因之一”，第二段讲“这10种动物是最受喜爱的，但几乎所有动物都面临的人类的直接杀戮，尤其是狩猎”，
第三段讲“许多动物在流行文化和营销材料中被频繁描述，人们在品牌中看到它们的形象”，第四段讲“利用长颈
鹿或北极熊进行市场营销，可能会积极助长一种错误的信念，即这些动物没有灭绝的危险，因此不需要保护”，
倒数第二段讲“可爱动物商品的受欢迎”，最后一段讲“呼吁人们拯救动物”，可知文章主要讲述了动物的流行实
际上可能是它们衰败的原因之一，动物在生活中的受欢迎会使它们的数量减少，因为利用动物进行市场营销，
可能会积极助长一种错误的信念，即这些动物没有灭绝的危险，因此不需要保护。故选C项。
4
Sciencecan’texplainthepowerofpets,butmanystudieshaveshownthatthecompanyofpetscanhelplower
bloodpressure(血压)andraisechancesofrecoveringfromaheartattack,reducelonelinessandspreadall-roundgood
cheer.
Anyownerwilltellyouhowmuchjoyapetbrings.Forsome,ananimalprovidesmorecomfortthana
husband/wife.A2002studybyKarenAllenoftheStateUniversityofNewYorkmeasuredstress(紧张)levelsand
bloodpressureinpeople—halfofthempetowners—whiletheyperformed5minutesofmentalarithmetic(算术)or
heldahandinicewater.Subjectscompletedthetasksalone,withahusband/wife,aclosefriendorwithapet.People
withpetsdiditbest.Thosetestedwiththeiranimalfriendshadsmallerchangeinbloodpressureandreturnedmost
quicklytobaselineheartrates.Withpetsintheroom,peoplealsomadefewermathmistakesthanwhendoinginfront
ofothercompanions.Itseemspeoplefeelmorerelaxed(放松)aroundpets,saysAllen,whothinksitmaybebecause
petsdon’tjudge.
Astudyreportedlastfallsuggeststhathavingapetdognotonlyraisesyourspiritsbutmayalsohaveaneffecton
youreatinghabits.ResearchersatNorthwesternMemorialHospitalspentayearstudying36fatpeopleandtheir
equallyfatdogsondiet-and-exerciseprograms;aseparategroupof56peoplewithoutpetswereputonadietprogram.
Onaverage,peoplelostabout11pounds,or5%oftheirbodyweight.Theirdogsdidevenbetter,losinganaverageof
12pounds,morethan15%oftheirbodyweight.Dogownersdidn’tloseanymoreweightthanthosewithoutdogsbut,
sayresearchers,gotmoreexerciseoverall—mostlywiththeirdogs—andfounditworthdoing.
8．Whatdoesthetextmainlydiscuss?
A．Whatpetsbringtotheirowners?
B．Howpetshelppeoplecalmdown?
C．People’sopinionsofkeepingpets.
D．Pet’svalueinmedicalresearch.
【答案】8．A
123/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了养宠物给宠物主人带来的影响，宠物可以帮助降低血压，提高从心脏
病中恢复的机会，降低血压和提高快乐。
8．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Sciencecan’texplainthepowerofpets,butmanystudieshaveshownthatthe
companyofpetscanhelplowerbloodpressure(血压)andraisechancesofrecoveringfromaheartattack,reduce
lonelinessandspreadall-roundgoodcheer.(科学无法解释宠物的力量，但许多研究表明，宠物的陪伴有助于降低
血压，提高心脏病发作后康复的机会，减少孤独感，传播全方位的快乐)”以及全文可知，文章主要讲解了宠物
给主人带来了什么。故选A。
5.
Lookingbackisawonderfulthing.Itallowsyoutoseewhathasledyouhereand,hopefully,howsocietyhas
changedandimproved.
Take,forinstance,mycareergoal.First,Iwanted,in1999,tobea“farmer”,soonarchaeologist,thendriving
instructorandsomewherealongtheway,footballer.
Ihadgrownupinafootball-lovingfamily.IremembertheexactmomentwhenIsaid“I’msadIcan’tbea
footballer”whilewatchingthegamewithDadasapre-teen.Heaskedwhynot.“BecauseI’mnotaboy.”He
immediatelyresponded,“Youcan,ifyouwantto.”“Yeah,Isupposeso,”Isighed,“butnoonewatcheswomen’s
football.”
Lookingback,IcanseeexactlywhyIfeltlikethat.Atschool,therewasanunwrittenrulethatsportslikehockey
andnetballwere“girl”sportsandrugbyandfootballwerefortheboys.I’dneverseenawomen’sfootballmatchonTV.
Yousee,youcan’tbewhatyoucan’tsee,andlackofrepresentationleads,atbest,tomisunderstanding,andatworst,
fearandnegativeopinions.
Today,theLionesseswilltakeonScotlandintheWorldCup,andpeopleacrosstheworldwilltunein—over
950,000ticketshavebeensoldsofar.But,althoughwomen’sfootballisoneofFIFA’sbestinvestments—witha
poundforpoundreturn,themajorityoffemaleplayersareearningunderafairwage.Somearguethat’sbecause
viewingstatisticsarelowerthanthoseofmen’s,buttheriseinsupportshowsthedemandisthere.Hopefully,more
investmentwillpushfemalefootballforward.
Today,I’llbecheeringontheLionesses,becauseit’llmeantalented,skillfulfemalefootballersbeingbroadcast
intomillionsofhomesandmaybe,justmaybe,alittlegirlbelievingthatshecanalsobeaLionessoneday.
7．Whatdoesthetextmainlywanttotellus?
A．Societyadvanceswithtime. B．Womendeserveequalrights.
C．Eachgoalisworthpursuing. D．Hardworkalwayspaysoff.
124/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【答案】7．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过讲述自己的职业目标的转变及女子足球运动今昔情况的对比，充分说明了
社会的进步是与时俱进的。
7.主旨大意题。结合全文首段中“howsocietyhaschangedandimproved.”可知，社会是如何改变和进步的。及下
文作者谈到自己职业目标的转换，最终提到女子足球运动今昔情况的对比，充分说明了社会的进步是与时俱进
的。选项A与文意相符。故选A。
考点 3 总结段落大意
考点1精确归纳标题
主旨大意题 考点2概括文章大意
考点3总结段落大意
【考纲解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
要求考生阅读 4 篇短 主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意
文，从每题所给的 4 个选 和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细
考查
项中选出最佳选项。题材 节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解
主旨大意、
广泛，包括科普、社会、 全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑
细节理解、
文化、政治、经济等多方 方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要
推理判断、
面内容。体裁多样，以记 高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。
词义猜测、
叙文、议论文、说明文为 篇章结构
主。 等题型。
【剖析全国高考真题】
考点3总结段落大意
1.D【·全国I】
Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshave
foundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecity
125/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
experiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplaceswere
decoratedwithhouseplants.
TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurtherchangingtheactual
compositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse，evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathave
sensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsin
groundwater. ＂We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseevery
day,＂explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.
Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow(发光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.
Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight，aboutone-thousandthof
theamountneededtoreadby，isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsor
eventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.
inthefuture，theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesina
one-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff＂switch＂
wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.
Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremoved
fromthepowersource(电源)-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotof
energyislostduringtransmission(传输).
Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.316
32．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?
A．Anewstudyofdifferentplants.
B．Abigfallincrimerates.
C．Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.
D．Benefitsfromgreenplants.
【答案】32．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一
种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取
代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。
32．主旨大意题。根据第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasof
thecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplaces
weredecoratedwithhouseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率
126/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一
段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。
2.B【·全国新课标III】
When"RiseofthePlanetoftheApes"wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimalactivists
gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars. Instead,
oneactivist, dressed in afull-body monkey suit, hadarrived with a sign praisingthe filmmakers: "Thanks fornotusing
realapes(猿)!"
The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals,
spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor’s performance and later processes it with
computergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.
Yet"Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately.One nonprofit
organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000
productions this year. Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part Ⅱ" and
"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.
In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s the
off-settraining andlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.Andtherearequestionsaboutthefilms madeoutsidethe
States,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheSates.241
25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?
A.Thecostofmaking"Apes."
B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.
C.Thepublicityabout“Apes."
D.Theperformanceofrealapes.
【答案】25.B
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者
聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是
数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐待动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关
注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。
25.主旨大意题。根据第二段“The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) techn
ology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records
an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图
127/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
像). ”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，
花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关于数字化人
猿的创造。故选B项。
3.D【·全国I】
Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小学),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmeto
keepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsand
coolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokeson
others,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.
Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysorts
thepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualities
strengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlife
andwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorable
behavior.
Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewho
werehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage(从
事)indangerousandriskybehavior.”
Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,the
mostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys(调查研究).“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshad
becomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowed
thatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus."
Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate-sharing,kindness,
openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.
Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch，Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedto
positivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too."Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearning
andfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.
33.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout？
A.Theclassificationofthepopular.
B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.
C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.
D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.
128/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【答案】 33.A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，对人好，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的积极影响。生活
中，与人为善，待人慷慨，定会受到欢迎和回报。
33.A 段落大意题。第二段中临床心理学教授MitchPrinstein将受欢迎的人分为两类:讨人喜欢的人和追求地位
的人。本段内容分别对thelikable 和thestatusseekers 做了解释，所以本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的人的分类，
文中sort...into...对应答案的classification。故选A。
【精讲研法】
考点3总结段落大意
【做题实践中找规律】
【例1】
Wealreadyknowthatsaltcanleadtoheartdisease.Butcoulditalsoaffectourmind?Scientistsfoundthata
high-saltdietcausedcognitiveimpairmentsinmice»anditcouldproducethesameeffectonhumans.
CostantinoIadecola,directoroftheFeilFamilyBrainandMindResearchtheInstitute,saidtheyfedthemice
eighttosixteentimestheirnormalsaltintakeandthentestedthemice.Afteraboutthreemonths,themicehadabig
changeintheirbehavior.Miceareverycurious,andtheyliketolookfornewthings.However,thetestedmicelostthe
abilitytoidentifyanormalobject.Whenthemicewereputintheircageandaskedtofindaquietspot,theydidnot
rememberwherethequietspotwas.Thenwhenthemicewerebuildinganest,whichissomethingthemicedodaily,
they,wereunabletodoso.Theresearchsuggestedhumanswouldexperienceasimilarresponse.
StudieshaveshownAustralianseatarounddoubletherecommendedamountofsalteachday,mostofitcoming
fromprocessedfood.Dr.LadecolasaidtheestimatedtwoteaspoonsofsalttheaverageAustralianeatseachdaycould
affectthebrainfunctioninthelongterm.However,thedeclinemightnotbeasobviousasinthemice,whoweregiven
extremelyhighlevelsofsalt."Butprobablyoveryearsandperhapsdecades—asopposedtoafewmonthsforthe
mouse—evenlowerlevelsofsaltmayhaveaterribleeffect,"Drladecolasaid.
“Highlevelsofsaltcauseseriousimmunechangesintheorgansinandaroundthestomach,resultinginanalmost
autoimmuneeffectonthebrain.Itispartofagrowingbodyofevidencethatwereallyarewhatweeat,“BryceVissel,
directoroftheCentreforNeuroscienceattheUniversityofTechnologySydney,said."Thosechangesinturncauseall
sortsofresponsesinthebody,whichovertimecertainlycontributetocognitiveimpairments."
14．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlyfocuson?
A．StudiescarriedoutbyBryceVissel. B．Immunechangesbroughtaboutbysalt.
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C．Effectsofdailydietsonhumanbehaviors. D．Linksbetweensaltintakeandbraindamage.
【答案】14．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。科学家们发现，高盐饮食会导致老鼠的认知障碍，对人类也会产生同样的影响。文
章介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及发现，研究表明，澳大利亚人每天摄入的盐大约是推荐量的两倍，其中大部
分来自加工食品，指出高盐饮食会导致认知障碍，提倡低盐饮食。
14．主旨大意题。根据最后一段““Highlevelsofsaltcauseseriousimmunechangesintheorgansinandaroundthe
stomach,resultinginanalmostautoimmuneeffectonthebrain.Itispartofagrowingbodyofevidencethatwereally
arewhatweeat,“BryceVissel,directoroftheCentreforNeuroscienceattheUniversityofTechnologySydney,said.
"Thosechangesinturncauseallsortsofresponsesinthebody,whichovertimecertainlycontributetocognitive
impairments."(悉尼科技大学神经科学中心主任BryceVissel说：“高浓度的盐会导致胃内外器官严重的免疫变化，
几乎会对大脑产生自身免疫效应。有越来越多的证据表明，吃什么决定人的性格，这是其中的一部分。这些变
化反过来会引起身体的各种反应，久而久之肯定会导致认知障碍。”)”可知，最后一段主要讲了盐摄入和脑损伤
之间的联系。故选D。
2.
It'snosecretthatinhaling(吸入)smokeisbadforyourlungs.Butnow,scientistsaresuggestingsmokemayalso
carryandspreadinfectiousdiseases.Thetheory,publishedinScienceMagazine,isbasedonresearchthatfound
wildfiresmokeisteemingwiththousandsofspeciesofmicroorganisms.Someofthesemicroorganisms,including
bacteriaandfungalspores（真菌孢子）,areknowntocausedisease.
Thenewresearchsuggeststhatwhenawildfireburnsplantoranimalmatteranddisturbssoils,itexposes
thousandsofspeciesofbacteriaandfung（i 真菌）thatotherwisemightnoteasilybecomeairborne（空气传播的）.You
mightthinkthehighheatfromfirewouldkilltheseorganisms,butonestudycitedinthearticlefoundthatsome
bacteriaevenmultiplypost-fire.Scientistssaytheorganismslatchontosmokeparticulates（微粒）,allowingthemto
travelthousandsofmilesacrosscontinents.
Dr.PeterChen,directoroftheDivisionofPulmonaryandCriticalCareMedicineatCedars-SinaiMedicalCenter
inLosAngeles,is"intrigued"bythetheorybutsomewhatskepticalthatthemicroorganismsinsmokewouldactually
causeinfections.Manybacteriaandfungidon'tcauselunginfections,saysChen,butit'scertainlypossiblethata
significantamountcouldworsensymptomsinsomeonewithapre-existinglungcondition."Ialwaysthoughtitwasthe
particulatesinsmokethatwerecausingtheseissues,"saysChen,"ButwhenIreadthis,Istartedthinking:Coulditbe
themicroorganismsthatarealsoworseningexistingillness?"
Whetherthemicrobesinsmokeactuallycauseinfectionorsimplyworsenpotentialrespiratory（呼吸的） issues,
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thearticleraisesanewhealththreatthatis"certainlyalarming,"saysKelseyJack,anassociateprofessorof
environmentalanddevelopmenteconomics.Thisisespeciallytrueforlower-incomepopulations,Jacksays,because
peoplewithfewermeansareoftenmoreexposedtotheenvironment.Ifsmokeisaffectingtheairqualityinacertain
area,thepeoplewhoworkoutside,orwhohavetogototheofficeonfootorbybike,willinhalemoresmokethan
thosewhodrive.
Butuntilmoreresearchisdone,Chensaysthebestthingpeoplecandoisjustfollowexistingrecommendations
whenairqualityispoor—includingstayingindoors,keepingwindowsanddoorsclosed,usingHEPAfilters（过滤
器）andrunningairconditioning.
11．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?
A．Resultsofthenewresearch
B．DisagreementsbetweentheauthorandChen.
C．Suggestionsondealingwithpoorairquality
D．Benefitsofpreventingsmokefrompollutingtheair
【答案】11．C
【解析】本文是说明文。科学家通过研究发现烟雾也可能携带和传播传染病，当野火燃烧时，会散播数千种细
菌和真菌。文章介绍了这项发现，并给出了相应的建议。
11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段内容“Butuntilmoreresearchisdone,Chensaysthebestthingpeoplecandoisjust
followexistingrecommendationswhenairqualityispoor—includingstayingindoors,keepingwindowsanddoors
closed,usingHEPAfilters（过滤器） andrunningairconditioning.（但在做更多的研究之前，陈说，人们能做的
最好的事情就是在空气质量差的时候遵循现有的建议——包括待在室内，关闭门窗，使用HEPA过滤器和运行
空调。）”可知，最后一段讨论了关于处理空气质量差的建议。故选C。
3.
AntForest,agreeninitiativebytheworld’sleadingpaymentandlifestyleplatformAlipay,receivedthe“U.N.
ChampionsoftheEarth”award,theUN’shighestenvironmentalhonor.ItwasgiventoAntForestformotivatinghalfa
billionpeopletoadoptaneco-friendlyandgreenerlifestyle,greatlycontributingtoecologicalprotectionwiththehelp
ofdigitaltechnology.
Alipayachievedthisbyinspiringitsuserstodoenvironmentally-friendlythings,suchaswalking,usingpublic
transportation,goingpaperlessintheofficeandmoretoearn“greenenergypoints”.Thesepointscanthenbeusedto
waterandgrowtheirownvirtualyoungtrees.Afterthevirtualyoungtreeshavegrownuponline,AntForestwillplant
realtreessomewhereinChina.
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ThenumberofAntForestusershasreached350million,reducing3milliontonsofcarbondioxide.“Such
programsarequiteattractivetome.Ifeelsatisfiedtoseearealtreeplantedjustbydoingsomesimplethingssuchas
ridingbicyclesandbuyingticketsonline,”saidaninterviewee.
ThisinitiativeofAntForestisinlinewiththeChinesegovernment’sstrategyofa“GreenEconomy”.Thecountry
istakingaggressiveactionsinexpandingitsgreencoverage.Now,itseffortsarepayingoff,withimprovedbiodiversity
andahealthiereconomicgrowth.Rareanimalspecieshavebeenspottedandforestparksarenowpopularattractionsof
tourism.
Theplanetisatacriticalpointwhichcouldresultinnaturaldisasters.Itseemsclearthatunlessgovernments,
businessesandpeopleformafocusedteam,it’sdifficulttostopglobalwarming.Fortunately,AntForestshowsthatitis
possibletomakejointeffortswhilerelyingondigitaltechnology.Andmoreinitiativesareusingtechnologyto
contributetoasustainablefutureoftheplanet.
9．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?
A．HowAlipaymakesprofits.
B．HowAntForestiscarriedout.
C．Whatalow-carbonlifeislike.
D．WhyAlipaytakesuptheinitiative.
【答案】9．B
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。全球领先支付平台支付宝的绿色倡议“蚂蚁森林”因将“5亿人的绿色善举”转化为种
植实木而荣获联合国“地球冠军奖” ，这是联合国最高环境荣誉。中国加快绿色转型，有望为协调经济与自
然环境提供有益的借鉴。
9．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Alipayachievedthisbyinspiringitsuserstodoenvironmentally-friendlythings,such
aswalking,usingpublictransportation,goingpaperlessintheofficeandmoretoearn“greenenergypoints”. (支付宝
通过鼓励用户做一些环保的事情来实现这一目标，比如步行、使用公共交通工具、在办公室实现无纸化办公，
以及更多来获得“绿色能源积分”。)”以及下文描述可知，本段主要讲了蚂蚁森林是如何实施目标的。故选B项。
4.
Smartphones,tablets,fitnesstrackers,headphonesandmostoftheelectronicdevicesweusetodayaremadeof
metal,plasticandglass.Butelectronicsdon’thavetobe.SaladeMedeirosandhercolleaguesfoundawaytoturnan
ordinarypieceofpaperintoasimpleelectronickeypad.Manyteamsaroundtheworldareworkingonpaper-based
electronics.Butthisnewdeviceisdifferentfromanyotherdevice.It’sthefirsttopoweritselfandalsoresistwaterand
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dust.Theuser’stouchgivesitallthepoweritneedstorun.
Nosinglemomentinspiredherpaperkeypad.Instead,shefocusedondevicesotherengineershavebeenworking
on.Thenshediscoveredthathighcostwasaproblemwithsomeflexibleelectronics.Soshedecidedtoworkwith
low-costmaterials.
Teflon(聚四氟乙烯)isachemicalcoatingthatkeepsfoodfromstickingtopotsandpans.Similarcom-pounds(复
合物)canalsomakepaperwaterproof.Soshestartedtestingthechemicalbuttheonethatwassup-posedtodothebest
jobdidn’tworkatall.Aftersomeresearch,SaladeMedeirosfoundoutthatthischemicalreactswithair.Shehadto
buyspecialequipmentthatforbadeanyairgettingintheway.Now,thechemicalworksasplanned.Thentheteam
placedastencil(钢板)withtheshapeofacircuit(电路)ontothebackofthepaperandsprayedonseverallayersof
materials.Finally,theteamflippedoverthepaperandprintedakeypadofnumbersontheotherside.Theyalsoaddeda
tinyBluetoothchip,whichlettheirpaperdevicetalktoacomputer.Thesourceofelectricitycomesfromthetapofa
finger.Whenyou’retypingwecancreatetheenergybytouchingorrubbing.
Theelectronickeypadisregularpapermostpeoplecouldaffordbutwouldn’teasilygetwetordirty.Italsoshould
fitinyourpocket.
10．Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?
A．Theprocessofcreatingthedevice. B．Thesignificanceoftheresearch.
C．Theapplicationofthedevice. D．ThewaytodevelopTeflon.
【答案】10．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的电子设备。这种电子设备由一张纸制成，能通过用户触
摸提供能量并且防水防尘。
10．主旨大意题。第三段介绍了SaladeMedeiros解决了材料使用的问题以及设备的组装过程，可知本段主要介
绍这个设备是如何制造的。故选A项。
5.Itisfoodnewsguaranteedtoputasmileonyourface.Scientistshavefoundthateatingdarkchocolateappears
tolowertheriskofdepressionbyaquarter.While7.6percentofthe13,000peoplesurveyedreporteddepressive
symptoms,just1.5percentofthechocolateeatersdid.
ThestudybyUniversityCollegeLondon(UCL),theUniversityofCalgaryandAlbertaHealthServicesCanada,
alsofoundthatthepeoplewhoconsumedthemostofanychocolatewerealso57percentlesslikelytoreportdepressive
symptoms.LeadauthorDr.SarahJacksonsaid,“Thisstudyprovidessomeevidencethatconsumptionofchocolate,
particularlydarkchocolate,maybeassociatedwithreducedoddsofclinicallyrelevantdepressivesymptoms.”
Thestudyisthefirsttoexaminetheassociationwithdepressionaccordingtothetypeofchocolateconsumed.The
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teamassesseddatafrom13,626adultsfromtheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey.Arangeof
otherfactorsincludingheight,weight,maritalstatus,ethnicity,education,householdincome,physicalactivity,smoking
andchronichealthproblemswerealsotakenintoaccounttoensurethestudyonlymeasuredchocolate’seffecton
depressivesymptoms.
Afteradjustingforthesefactors,itwasfoundthatindividualswhoreportedeatinganydarkchocolateintwo
24-hourperiodshad70percentloweroddsofreportingclinicallyrelevantdepressivesymptomsintheprevioustwo
weeksthanthosewhoreportednoteatingchocolateatall.
Chocolatecontainsanumberofpsychoactiveingredientswhichproduceafeelingofeuphoriasimilartothatof
cannabinoid(大麻素),foundincannabis.Italsocontainsphenylethylamine(苯乙胺),aneuromodulator(神经调节物
质)whichisbelievedtobeimportantforregulatingpeople’smoods.Darkchocolatealsohashigherconcentrationof
flavonoids(类黄酮),antioxidantchemicalswhichlowerinflammationandcanpreventtheonset(发生)ofdepression.
However,Britishscientistspointedoutthatthedecisiontoeatdarkchocolatecouldbelinkedtootherhealth
factors.Forexample,peoplewhochoosedarkchocolatemaybemorehealthconsciousingeneral,whichisknownto
protectagainstdepression.Depressedpeoplearealsomorelikelytodesireformoresugaryfattyfoodsandsocouldbe
lesslikelytopickadarkalterativewhenchoosingchocolate.
10．Whatisthefifthparagraphmainlyabout?
A．Theadvantagesofchocolate. B．Thereasonsfortheprotectiveeffects.
C．Thecausesofdepression. D．Theeffectsofchocolate.
【答案】10．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。说明了科学家发现，吃黑巧克力似乎可以降低四分之一的抑郁风险。在1.3万名被
调查者中，有7.6%的人有抑郁症状，而吃巧克力的人只有1.5%有抑郁症状。介绍了这项研究的过程，以及巧
克力可以产生保护效果的原因以及英国科学家对此发现的态度。
10．主旨大意题。根据第五段Chocolatecontainsanumberofpsychoactiveingredientswhichproduceafeelingof
euphoriasimilartothatofcannabinoid(大麻素),foundincannabis.Italsocontainsphenylethylamine(苯乙胺),a
neuromodulator(神经调节物质)whichisbelievedtobeimportantforregulatingpeople’smoods.Darkchocolatealso
hashigherconcentrationofflavonoids(类黄酮),antioxidantchemicalswhichlowerinflammationandcanpreventthe
onset(发生)ofdepression.可知巧克力含有许多精神活性成分，能产生一种欣快感，类似于在大麻中发现的大麻
素。它还含有苯乙胺，一种神经调节剂，被认为对调节人的情绪很重要。黑巧克力还含有更高浓度的类黄酮，
抗氧化化学物质，可以降低炎症，防止抑郁症的发生。由此可知，第五段主要讲了巧克力有保护效果的原因。
故选B。
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规律方法：如何总结段落大意？
段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通常中心思想会在首句体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。主题句具有
鲜明的概括性，句子结构简单，段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表达的主题思想。主题句通
常位于段首，也可位于段尾、段中。有时作者没有写出明显的主题句，要学会根据段落内容去概括主题句。
【变式精讲】
1.
AnarchitectureclassatWSUwillpresenttheirideasforasmallluxuryhoteltoupgradePullman'sdowntown
duringtheTownandGownCollaborativemeetingwhichwillbeheldfrom7:30-9a.m.onOct.22intheSchweitzer
EngineeringLaboratoriesEventCenter．TheCollaborativeisajointcommitteebetweenthecityofPullman,Pullman
ChamberofCommerceandWSU．Itspurposeistostrengthentiesbetweenthecityandtheuniversityandtofostera
strongrelationshiptocreateaspecialcollegetown．
Aspartofthethird-yearclass,sevenstudentteamseachdesignedafive-starluxuryboutiquehotelinPullman
locatedontheformerMimosaCafesiteonMainStreet．Outofsevenhoteldesignsproduced,theclasswillputforward
threeofthemostpioneeringsolutionstothecityofPullmanduringtheCollaborativemeeting．
WSUArchitectureProfessorPaulHirzelsaidthatthe5-starluxuryhotelchoiceisabsentinthePalouseanda
rarityinEasternWashington,givinghisstudentsauniquechallenge．Featuresoftheirprojectsinclude16-luxuryrooms,
arooftopswimmingpool,loftsuiteswithbalconiesoverlookingtheriver,andagroundlevelcafewithsidewalkand
riversidecourtyards．Theprojectexploresacurrenttrendincollegetownsofprovidingthefive-starboutiquehotel
choicetothemoretypicalfranchisehotelchoices．
Thepresentationtothecitygivesthestudentsavaluablereal-worldopportunitytopresenttheirprojectsto
potentialstakeholdersandtoadvocatefortheirdesignstononarchitects,Hirzelsaid．Goalsfortheprojectalsoincluded
exposinghisstudentstotherealitiesofstructureandmaterialchoiceaswellasachallengingsiteconditionfrontingon
bothariver(thatfloods)andamainstreet．
"WhenstudentscanachievebeyondtheirexpectationsincreatinganewvisionfordowntownPullman,boththe
studentsandthePullmandowntowncommunitywillbenefit．"hesaid．
30．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?
A．Sizesofthehotelrooms． B．Detaileddesignrequirements．
C．Servicefacilitiesaroundthehotel． D．Lackof5-starluxuryhotelsincities．
【答案】30．B
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【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述WSU，一个建筑学课程的时间，地点，内容和意义。
30．主旨大意题。根据第三段“WSUArchitectureProfessorPaulHirzelsaidthatthe5-starluxuryhotelchoiceisabsent
inthePalouseandararityinEasternWashington,…Theprojectexploresacurrenttrendincollegetownsofproviding
thefive-starboutiquehotelchoicetothemoretypicalfranchisehotelchoices.” 可知，五星级豪华酒店的设计包括16
间豪华客房、一个屋顶游泳池、带阳台俯瞰河流的阁楼套房，以及一层带有人行道和河畔庭院的咖啡馆。由此
可知，本段主要谈论详细的设计要求，故选B。
2.
WildlifeinNewYorkCitytendstobeheadlinenews.Theseanimals'admirableabilitytolivewithhumansin
peacedrawsourattentionandsympathy.Yet,whatmostNewYorkersdon'tevenknowisthatanotheranimal,the
QuakerParrot,hasinvaded(入侵)thecitywithsurprisingresults.
QuakerparrotsoriginallycamefromthemildregionsofArgentinaandBrazil.Thedetailsrelatedtothebirds'
arrivaltotheU.S.havebecomeathingoflegend.Duringthe1960s,workersatJFKInternationalAirportreportedthat
theparrots—thenproductsofthepettrade—escapedfrombrokenshippingtrunks(箱子).Otherssaythebirdsescaped
fromtheirhomesorwereintentionallyreleasedbytheirowners,someofwhommayhavebeenunpreparedtodealwith
thebirds'unpleasantscreams.Eitherway,thebirdshavenowinfiltrated(渗透)allfivedistrictsinNewYorkwithinthe
lastfiveyears.They'vealsoexpandedintothelowerHudsonValleyandmajorcitiesaroundtheU.S.
Eachbirdisbornknowinghowtobuildanest,althoughthisskillisadjustedslightlywithageandexperience.The
birdsusetheirsoftfeettobuildthesefree-standingnestsinbetweentreeforks.Neststructurescangrowtothesizeofa
refrigerator,housingupto200pairsofbirds.Eachnestcanweighmorethanaton.
Unfortunately,theseparrots'uniquehabitofbuildingnestsonpublicfacilitiescancausetheirhomestocatchfire,
takingdowntheelectricalnetwork.ConEdison,NewYorkCity'senergyservicescompany,realizedabout14yearsago
thatthesenestswerebehindaseriesofPoweroutages(停电)inBrooklyn.Sothecompanypartnerswithwildlife
specialiststocarefullyremovenestsfromdangerousareasbeforetheybecomeasecurityrisk.
Despitethechallengestheseparrotspresentforthepublic,theyareoneofthefewinvasivespeciesstorieswitha
fairlyhappyoutcome.Theparrotsseemtoposenoriskofoverpopulatingtheneighborhoodoroutcompetingnative
speciesforfood.Andpublicservicecorporationsarrangespecialteamstokeepequipmentfreefrombirds,andthe
parrotshavebecomealargelywelcomedadditiontoNewYork'swildlifescene.
14．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?
A．Thebirdsarewelcome. B．Thebirdsneedprotection.
C．Thebirdsareindanger. D．Thebirdsaretroublemakers.
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【答案】14．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种不明来历的鹦鹉无意中入侵到纽约城，出乎意料的是，鹦鹉受到了
人们的欢迎，它们在城市里生存了下来。
14．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的主要内容，“publicservicecorporationsarrangespecialteamstokeepequipment
freefrombirds,andtheparrotshavebecomealargelywelcomedadditiontoNewYork'swildlifescene.”（公共服务公
司还安排了专门的团队来保护设备免受鸟类的侵害，鹦鹉已经成为纽约野生动物界非常受欢迎的新成员），可知，
本段主要讲了这种鹦鹉在纽约城受到了人们的欢迎。故选A。
3.
Anemployeewhosepersonalitytraitscloselymatchthetraitsthatareidealforherjobislikelytoearnmorethan
anemployeewhosetraitsarelessaligned,accordingtonewresearch.
Findingsfrompreviousresearchhaveindicatedthatsomepersonalitytraitsaregenerallybeneficialwhenitcomes
toaworkenvironment.Beinghighlyconscientious（勤勉认真的）,Denissennotes,isassociatedwithbeing
hard-working,well-organized,andrule-abiding,qualitiesthataretypicallyprizedinemployees.ButDenissen
questionedthenotionthatthereisan“ideal”personalitytype.
Theresearchersdevelopedanovelstrategyfordirectlycomparingthefitbetweenagivenemployeeandagiven
job,usingthewell-establishedBigFivepersonalitytraitstoquantify（量化）thetraitsthatajobrequires.
Theresearchersexaminedpersonalityprofiles,annualincome,andjobsof8458individualslivinginGermany.
Theresultsshowedthatfitreallydoesmatter,atleastwhenitcomestoextraversion,agreeableness,andopennessto
experience.Forthesethreetraits,greatercongruencebetweenanemployee’sownpersonalityandajob’sdemandswas
linkedwithhigherincome—whattheresearcherscalla“fitbonus.”Importantly,thedataalsorevealedthatit’spossible
tohavetoomuchofagoodthing：Employeeswhoweremoreagreeable,moreconscientious,ormoreopento
experiencesthantheirjobsrequiredactuallyearnedlessthanpeoplewhohadcongruentlevelsofthosetraits.
Theresearchersnotethatadditionalstudieswillberequiredtounderstandhowindividualjobexperiences,job
satisfaction,andjobperformancemightinfluencetheassociationbetweenindividual-jobpersonalityfitandincome.
Theresultsofthecurrentstudydosuggestthatachievingtherightfitrequiresamorespecialapproachtoknowingboth
individualtraitsandjob-relatedtraitsthanpreviouslythought.Payingattentiontothesenuancescouldhaveimportant
implicationsforbothemployeesandemployers.
9．Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytellus?
A．Thespecificproceduresofthenewresearch.
B．ThespecificcontentsofBigFivepersonalitytraits.
137/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
C．Somefactorsofinfluencingjobinterviews.
D．Thepreparationsemployeesshouldrequireinadvance.
【答案】9．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述一个研究结果，一个性格特征与理想工作相匹配的员工可能比那些性
格特征不一致的员工挣得更多。
9．主旨大意题｡根据文章第三段内容“研究人员开发了一种新的策略，直接比较给定员工和给定工作之间的匹
配度，使用公认的五大人格特质来量化工作所需的特质｡研究人员调查了生活在德国的8458个人的性格特征､
年收入和工作｡”这些都是新的研究的具体操作内容。故选A项｡
4.
Forcenturies,peoplehavekeptlargeamountsofcashathomeduringdifficulttimes.Butduringthecoronavirus
crisis,thingsaredifferent.Metalcoinsandpaperbillscanbeasourceofworryratherthanhope.
Thefearisthattheseobjects,possiblytouchedbythousandsofpeople,couldprovideawayforthecoronavirusto
spread.Publicofficialsandhealthexpertshavesaidthattheriskissmall.Still,somebusinessesrefusetoacceptcash
andsomecountrieshavesuggestedthattheircitizensshouldstopusingitaltogether.
ZacharyCohleisaneconomicsprofessoratQuinnipiacUniversityinConnecticut.“Inmanyareas,cashwas
alreadybeginningtodisappearduetotheincreasedriskofrobbery,theeaseofInternetordering,andtheubiquityof
cellphones,”hesaid.“Sweden,Finland,Norway,Canadaandothershaveslowlyreducedcashusetothepointwhere
usingitinlargeamountsseemsunusual.BritainandAustraliaareexpectedtobecomecashlesscountries.AndinChina,
cashusehasdroppedaselectronicpaymentserviceshaveincreasedinpopularityoverthepastdecade.”
“CashistFesch”isacommonsayinginAustriaandsouthernGermany.Thewordsmeancashisbeautiful.But
sincethevirusoutbreak,shopsthathaveremainedopenthere,likegrocerystores,haveencouragedpeopletopaywith
cards.AndGermany’scentralbanksaid43percentofGermansrecentlypaidforgoodsandserviceswithacard.The
BankofJapanestimatesthatcashmakesupfor53percentofhouseholdassets.Butthethreatofthecoronaviruscould
movethecountrytowardgoingcashless,saidHirokiMaruyama,headofthenonprofitFintechAssociationofJapan.He
added,“Thecultureisslowlychanging.”
However,cashuseisstillcommoninplaceslikeWestandCentralAfrica.Someexpertssaythattheworldwillnot
becashlessuntileveryoneandeverycountryhasreliableaccesstotheInternet.
5．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?
A．Thedisadvantagesofpayingincash. B．Theintroductiontocashlesscountries.
C．Thepresentsituationofcashuseworldwide.D．Theincreasingpopularityofelectronicpayment.
138/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【答案】5．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今由于担心现金可能会为冠状病毒传播提供途径，一些企业拒绝
接受现金，一些国家建议本国公民完全停止使用现金。文章介绍了全球现金使用的现状，以及一些对现金的传
统态度正在发生改变的国家，最后指出在每个人、每个国家都能可靠地接入互联网之前，世界不可能实现无现
金。
5．主旨大意题。根据第三段“ZacharyCohleisaneconomicsprofessoratQuinnipiacUniversityinConnecticut.“In
manyareas,cashwasalreadybeginningtodisappearduetotheincreasedriskofrobbery,theeaseofInternetordering,
andtheubiquityofcellphones,”hesaid.“Sweden,Finland,Norway,Canadaandothershaveslowlyreducedcashuse
tothepointwhereusingitinlargeamountsseemsunusual.BritainandAustraliaareexpectedtobecomecashless
countries.AndinChina,cashusehasdroppedaselectronicpaymentserviceshaveincreasedinpopularityoverthepast
decade.”(ZacharyCohle是康涅狄格州昆尼皮亚克大学的经济学教授。他说:“在许多地区，由于抢劫风险的增加、
网上订购的便利性和手机的普及，现金已经开始消失。”瑞典、芬兰、挪威、加拿大和其他国家逐渐减少了现金
的使用，以至于大量使用现金显得有些不寻常。英国和澳大利亚有望成为无现金国家。在过去的十年里，随着
电子支付服务的日益普及，中国的现金使用量也在下降。”)”可知，第三段主要讲了全球现金使用的现状。故选
C。
5.
Manypeoplebelievethatthereisoneformoftheirlanguagethatismorecorrectthanothers.Theymaybelievefor
examplethatBritishEnglishismorecorrectthanothervarieties;orthatwrittenEnglishismorecorrectthanspoken
English.Oftenthisbeliefissupportedbyreferencebookstogrammars,usageguidesordictionaries:Ifsomethinggoes
againstaruleinagrammar,orifthewordisn’tinthedictionary,it“mustbewrong”.Sincethereferencebooksare
mostoftenbasedonobservationofthestandardwrittenlanguage,theargumentisreallycircular:Thesebookswill
naturallydescribestandardusage,becausethatiswhattheyarefor;butthisdoesnotmeanthatthereisanythingwrong
withotherkindsofusagethatarelessoftendescribed.
Abetterwayoflookingatthingsistosaythatusageis“correctinitsplace”.StandardAmericanEnglishiscorrect
inAmerica,andformalwrittengrammarisemployedinformalwriting.Sothismeansthereisnoanswertothe
question:“WhatkindofEnglishshouldlearnersstudy?”Itdependsontheirpurposes.Formanylearners,thebest
modelisoneorotherofthetwomainstandardvarieties:BritishorAmericanEnglish.Neitheroftheseis“better”than
theother,andtheyarebothusedandunderstoodworldwide.
Peoplearealsoworriedbylanguagechange.Ifyoungerpeople“break”therulesthatolderpeoplehavelearnt,
olderpeopleoftenfeeldisturbed:theyareconcernedthatyoungerpeoplenolongerknowtheirgrammar,andthatthe
139/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
languageisgoingdownhill.Thisisaneedlessworry:changeisnaturalandinevitable,itcannotbestopped,anditdoes
notgenerallyaffectalanguagesefficiencyasacommunicativetool.AgreatdealofmodemEnglishgrammarwould
havebeenwrongthreehundredyearsago,andwillperhapsbewrongagainthreehundredyearsfromnow.
13．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?
A．Thereisno“standardEnglish”.
B．AmericanEnglishisbetterthanBritishEnglish.
C．AlearnershouldmasterallthedistinctionsofdifferentEnglish.
D．ThedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.
【答案】13．A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了作者对于语言方面的看法。作者认为没有所谓的“一定正确”和“一定
错误”的语言，同时也不必担心语言的发展变化，它通常不会影响语言作为交流工具的效率。
13．主旨大意题。通过阅读文章第二段可知：Sothismeansthereisnoanswertothequestion:‘WhatkindofEnglish
shouldlearnersstudy?’(所以这就意味着这个问题没有答案：“学习者应该学什么样的英语?”)应是本段主旨句，即，
并没有标准英语之说。故选A项。
专题 阅读理解 ：细节理解
04 II
考点 1 事实细节题
考点1事实细节题
细节理解题 考点2细节转换与是非判断题
考点3数字计算题
【考纲解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
考查
要求考生阅读 4 篇短 主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意
主旨大意、
文，从每题所给的 4 个选 和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细
细节理解、
项中选出最佳选项。题材 节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解
推理判断、
广泛，包括科普、社会、 全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑
词义猜测、
文化、政治、经济等多方 篇章结构 方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要
140/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
等题型。
面内容。体裁多样，以记 高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。
叙文、议论文、说明文为
主。
【剖析全国高考真题】
阅读理解II：细节理解 考点1事实细节题
1.【·全国新课标I】A
TrainInformation
AllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.Forticket
information，pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.
WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled，therecanbenoguaranteeof
connectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.
Lostproperty(失物招领)
CallLostPropertyon131617duringbusinesshoursforitemslostonQueenslandRailservices.
ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandislocated(位于)atRomaStreetstation.
Publicholidays
Onpublicholidays,generallyaSundaytimetableoperates.Oncertainmajoreventdays，i.e.
AustraliaDay,AnzacDay,sportingandculturaldays,specialadditionalservicesmayoperate.
ChristmasDayservicesoperatetoaChristmasDaytimetable，Beforetravelpleasevisittranslink.com.auorcall
TransLinkon131230anytime.
Customersusingmobilitydevices
Manystationshavewheelchairaccessfromthecarparkorentrancetothestationplatforms.
Forassistance,pleaseQueenslandRailon131617.
Guardiantrains(outbound)
Depart Origin Destination Arrive
6:42pm Altandi VarsityLakes 7:37pm
141/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
7:29pm Central VarsityLakes 8:52pm
8:57pm FortitudeValley VarsityLakes 9:52pm
11:02pm RomaStreet VarsityLakes 12:22am
21．Whatwouldyoudogettickerinformation?
A．Call131617. B．Visittranslink.com.au.
C．Askatthelocalstation. D．Checkthetrainschedule.
22．Atwhichstationcanyoufindthelostpropertyoffice?
A．Altandi. B．RomaStreet. C．VarsityLakes. D．FortitudeValley.
23．WhichtrainwouldyoutakeifyougofromCentraltoVarsityLakes?
A．6:42pm. B．7:29pm. C．8:57pm. D．11:02pm.
【答案】21．C22．B23．B
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些火车信息，包括失物招领、公共假期安排以及列车出发时间等
信息。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段中Forticketinformation,pleaseaskyourlocalstationorcall131230.可知查询车票
信息，请向您当地的车站询问或拨打131230。由此可知，你可以询问当地车站或拨打131230来获得车票信息。
故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据Lostproperty部分中ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmand
islocatedatRomaStreetstation.可知失物招领处周一至周五早上7:30到下午5:00营业，位于罗马街车站。由此
可知，在RomaStreet你可以找到失物招领办公室。故选B。
23．细节理解题。根据Guardiantrans部分中信息，可知从起始地Central出发，开往目的地VarsityLakes的火
车是下午7:29开车。由此可知，如果你要从Central去往VarsityLakes，你应当乘坐下午7:29的火车。故选B。
2.【·全国新课标II】A
TheLakeDistrictAttractionsGuide
DalemainMansion&HistoricGardens
History,Culture&Landscape(景观).Discoverandenjoy4centuriesofhistory,5acresofcelebratedand
award-winninggardenswithparklandwalk.OwnedbytheHasellfamilysince1679,hometotheInternational
MarmaladeFestival.Giftsandantiques,plantsales,museums&MediaevalHallTearoom.
Open:29Mar-29Oct，SuntoThurs.
Tearoom，Gardens&GiftShop:10.30-17.00(16.00inOct).
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House:11.15-16.00(15.00inOct)
Town:PooleyBridge&Penrith
AbbotHallartGallery&Museum
ThoseviewingthequalityofAbbotHall’stemporaryexhibitionsmaybeforgivenforthinkingtheyareinacity
gallery.TheimpressivepermanentcollectionincludesTurnersandRomneysandthetemporaryexhibitionprogramme
hasCanalettoandtheartistsfromStIves.
Open:MontoSatandSummerSundays.10.30-17.00Sumner.10.30-16.00Winter.
Town:Kendal
TullieHouseMuseum&ArtGallery
Discover,exploreandenjoyaward-winningTullieHouse,wherehistoriccollections,contemporaryartandfamily
funarebroughttogetherinoneimpressivemuseumandartgallery.Therearefourfantasticgalleriestovisitfromfine
arttointeractivefun,sothere’ssomethingforeveryone!
Open:HighSeason1Apr–31Oct:MontoSat10.00–17.00,Sun11.00–17.00.
LowSeason1Nov–31Mar:MontoSat10.00–16.30,Sun12.00–16.30.
Town:Carlisle
DoveCottage&ThewordsworthMuseum
DiscoverWilliamWordsworth’sinspirationalhome.TakeatourofhisLakelandcottage,walkthroughhishillside
gardenandexploretherichesofthecollectionintheMuseum.Visittheshopandrelaxinthecafé.Exhibitions,events
andfamilyactivitiesthroughouttheyear.
Open:Daily,09.30–17.30(lastadmission17.00).
Town:Grasmere
21．WhenistheHouseatDalemainMansion&HistoricGardensopenonSundaysinJuly?
A．09.30-17.30. B．10.30-16.00. C．11.15-16.00. D．12.00-16.30
22．WhatcanvisitorsdoatAbbotHallArtGallery&Museum?
A．EnjoyRonney’sworks.
B．Havesomeinteractivefun.
C．Attendafamousfestival.
D．Learnthehistoryofafamily
23．WhereshouldvisitorsgoiftheywanttoexploreWordsworth’slife?
A．Penrith. B．Kendal. C．Carlisle. D．Grasmere.
143/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【答案】21．C22．A23．D
【解析】本文是应用文。是湖区景点指南，介绍了几个主要的景点的特色，地点和参观时间。
21．细节理解题。根据题干中的DalemainMansion&HistoricGardens 可知定位在第一部分，根据段中的
House:11:15-16:00可知，在7月周日的参观时间是11:15-16:00。C.11:15-16:00.符合以上说法，故选C项。
22．细节理解题。根据题干中的AbbotHallArtGallery&Museum可知答案定位在第二部分，根据其中的The
impressivepermanentcollectionincludesTurnersandRomneysandthetemporaryexhibitionprogrammehasCanaletto
andtheartistsfromStIves.(令人印象深刻的永久性收藏包括特纳和罗姆尼，临时展览计划有卡纳莱托和来自圣艾
夫斯的艺术家)可知，在这个博物馆可以欣赏到Romneys的作品。A.EnjoyRomney'sworks.(欣赏Romneys的作
品)符合以上说法，故选A项。
23．细节理解题。根据题干中的exploreWordsworth'slife可知答案定位在最后一部分第一句，以及最后一行Town:
Grasmere可知，如果想了解Wordsworth's的生活，可以去Grasmere。D.Grasmere.符合以上说法，故选D项。
3. 【·全国新课标III】A
JourneyBackinTimewithScholars
ClassicalProvence（13days）
JourneythroughthebeautifulcountrysideofProvence，France，withProf.OriZ.Soltes.Wewillvisitsome ofthe
best-preserved Roman monuments in the world. Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the footsteps of Van Gogh
andGauguin.Fieldsofflowers,tile-roofed（瓦屋顶）villagesandtastymealsenrichthiswonderfulexperience.
SouthernSpain（15days）
Spainhaslovelywhitetownsandthescent（芳香）oforanges，butitisalsoatreasuryofancientremainsincluding
thecitiesleftbytheGreeks，RomansandArabs.AswetravelsouthfromMadridwithProf.RonaldMessiertohistoric
Toledo，RomanMeridaandintoAndalucia,weexplorehistoricalmonumentsandarchitecture.
China’sSacredLandscapes（21days）
Discover the China of“past ages，its walled cities，temples and mountain scenery with Prof. Robert Thorp.
Highlights（精彩之处）includeChina’smostsacredpeaksatMountTaiandHangzbou’srollinghills，waterwaysand
peacefultemples.WewillwanderintraditionalsmalltownsandendourtourwithanexceptionalmuseuminShanghai.
Tunisia（17days）
Join Prof. Pedar Foss on our in-depth Tunisian tour. Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga，the
underground Numidian capital at Bulla Regia, Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Tataouine and Matmata，
uiqueforundergroundcities.OurjourneytakesustopicturesqueBerbervillagesandlovelybeaches.
21.WhatcanvisitorsseeinbothClassicalProvenceandSouthernSpain？
144/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
A.Historicalmonuments.B.Fieldsofflowers.
C.VanGogh’spaintings.D.Greekbuildings.
22.WhichcountryisProf.Thorpmostknowledgeableabout？
A.France.B.Spain.C.China.D.Tunisia.
23.WhichofthefollowinghighlighttheTunisiantour？
A.Whitetowns.B.Undergroundcities.C.Tile-roofedvillages.D.Rollinghills.
【答案】21.A22.C23.B
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个国家中，那些可以让人们回顾过去的著名景点。
21.细节理解题。根据第一部分的We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the
world. (我们将参观一些世界上保存最完好的罗马建筑遗迹)和第二部分的 we explore historical monu
ments and architecture.(我们探索历史遗迹和建筑)可知，在Classical Provence 和Southern Spain 游客
们可以参观历史遗迹。A. Historical monuments（历史遗迹）符合以上说法，故选A项。
22.推理判断题。根据第三部分的China's Sacred Landscapes (21days)(中华神山21天)和Discover the
China of ''past ages'', its walled cities, temples and mountain scenery with Prof Robert Thorp. Highl
ights include China's most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzhou's rolling hills, waterways and p
eaceful temples (和Robert 教授一起发现中国的过去，有墙的城市、寺庙和山景。精彩之处包括中国
最神圣的泰山之巅，杭州起伏的群山、运河和宁静的寺庙)可知，去中国的神山之行总共有 27天，而
且Thorp对中国的名山非常了解。由此推测Thorp在这四个国家里最了解中国。C. China(中国)符合以
上说法，故选C项。
23.细节理解题。根据第四部分的 Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga, the underground
Mumidian capital at Bulla Regia, Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Taraounine and Matmata,
uniquefor undergroundcities.(突尼斯的旅游亮点包括罗马城市 Dougga，地下城市Mumidian,它是Bulla
Regia的首府，RomanSbeitla以及在 Taraounine和Matmata附近的区域，它们是独特的地下城市)可知，
突尼斯的旅游亮点是地下城市。A.Undergroundcities(地下城市)符合以上说法，故选A项。
4. 【·全国新高考I山东卷】A
POETRYCHALLENGE
Writeapoemabouthowcourage,determination,andstrengthhavehelpedyoufacechallengesinyourlife.
Prizes
3GrandPrizes：TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner's
choice.Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the NationalAir and Space Museum
145/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
andtheofficeofNationalGeographicWorld.
6FirstPrizes：ThebookSkyPioneer：APhotobiographyofAmeliaEarhartsignedbyauthorCorinneSzaboand
pilotLindaFinch.
50HonorableMentions：Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirt
inmemoryofEarhart'sfinalflight.
Rules
Followallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.
■Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer.Yourpoemcanbeanyformat,anynumberoflines.
■Writebyhandortypeonasinglesheetofpaper.Youmayuseboththefrontandbackofthepaper.
■Onthesamesheetofpaper,writeortypeyourname,address,telephonenumber,andbirthdate.
■MailyourentrytousbyOctober31thisyear.188
1.Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip? （ ）
A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Six.
2.Whatwilleachofthehonorablementionwinnersget? （ ）
A.Aplaneticket. B.AbookbyCorinneSzabo.
C.AspecialT-shirt. D.AphotoofAmeliaEarhart.
3.Whichofthefollowingwillresultindisqualification? （ ）
A.Typingyourpoemout. B.Writingapoemof120words.
C.Usingbothsidesofthepaper. D.MailingyourentryonOctober30.
【答案】1.A2.C3.B
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。本文是一篇诗歌大赛的征稿启事。文章就参赛作品的内容、奖项、参赛规则
等做了介绍。
1.细节理解题。根据Prizes 部分中第一段中的“TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandone
otherpersonofthewinner'schoice”可知，每位获奖者都可以带一名家长和另一名由获奖者选择的人员。因此，每
位获奖者可以带两个人。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据 Prizes 部分中第三段“50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention
winners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart'sfinalflight”可知，每位优秀奖获奖者都将获得一件纪
念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的T恤。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的“Followallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.■Writeapoemusing100
wordsorfewer”可知，所写的诗字数不能超过100字。否则，将会被取消资格。故结合选项，B选项（写一首
146/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
120字的诗）是会被取消资格的。故选B。
5.A【·海南卷】
Pali OvernightAdventures offers childrenandteens excitingexperiences this summer.From broadcasting to street
art,thesearejust4ofthe17highlyuniquecampsbeingoffered.
BroadcastingCamp
Become the next star reporter, news writer, director or producer. While running every aspect of our own news
station, kids and their fellow campers will create and host a broadcast airing each night at dinner for the entire camp.
Everynightitgoesontheweb,keepingparentsandtheworldinformedofthehappeningsatPali.
SecretAgentCamp
In the movie Mission Impossible, Tom Cruise made being a secret agent seem like the coolest job ever. Campers
whosign upforthe 2-weeksecretagentcamp canget to know aboutthelife ofrealsecretagents bylearningstrategies
andmilitaryskillsonthepaintballfield.
CulinaryCamp
If your child enjoys beingin thekitchen, thenthe culinary camp is definitely theright fit. Campers learn technical
skillsofroasting,fryingandcutting,aswellassomerecipesthattheycantakehomeandsharewiththeirfamilies.
StreetArtCamp
This camp takes creative license to an entirely new level. Campers will share their colorful ideas and imagination
with each other and work together to visualize, sketch and paint with non-traditional techniques to create the coolest
mural（壁画）whichwillbedisplayedinpublicforalltosee.232
21.HowmanycampsdoesPaliOvernightAdventuresofferthissummer? （ ）
A.2. B.4. C.17. D.21.
22.WhatwillcampersdoattheBroadcastingCamp? （ ）
A.Createawebsite. B.Runanewsstation.
C.Meetastarreporter. D.Holdadinnerparty.
23.Whichcampwillattractchildrenwhoareinterestedincooking? （ ）
A.BroadcastingCamp. B.SecretAgentCamp.
C.CulinaryCamp D.StreetArtCamp.
【答案】21．C22．B23．C
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个不同类型的夏令营的情况。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Frombroadcastingtostreetart,thesearejust4ofthe17highlyuniquecampsbeing
147/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
offered.”可知从广播到街头艺术，这只是17个非常独特的营地中的4个。由此可知，今年夏天巴利岛有17个
露营地。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Whilerunningeveryaspectofourownnewsstation,kidsandtheirfellowcampers
willcreateandhostabroadcastairingeachnightatdinnerfortheentirecamp.”可知在经营好我们自己的新闻电台
的方方面面的同时，孩子们和他们的营员们将在每天晚上的晚餐时，为整个夏令营创作并主持播出一个广播。
由此可知，营员在广播营会经营一家新闻电台。故选B。
23．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Ifyourchildenjoysbeinginthekitchen,thentheculinarycampisdefinitelythe
right fit. Campers learn technicalskills of roasting, frying and cutting, as well as some recipes that they can take home
andsharewiththeirfamilies.”可知如果你的孩子喜欢呆在厨房里，那么烹饪夏令营绝对是最合适的选择。露营
者学习烘焙、油炸和切菜的技术技能，以及一些他们可以带回家和家人分享的食谱。由此可知，CulinaryCamp
会吸引对烹饪感兴趣的孩子。故选C。
【精讲研法】
阅读理解II：细节理解 考点1事实细节题
【做题实践中找规律】
【例1】A
Adopt,don’tshop
Cometoourpetadoptiondriveandmeetouradorableresidents.Helpusfindtheseanimalsahome!Ifyouwould
liketofindoutmoreaboutadoptingouranimals,pleasevisitourwebsite@www.adoptadog.org.sg.
Activities
TalkbySPCA(12pmto1pm)
Findoutifyouhavewhatittakestoadoptapetandwhyadoptingisbetterthanbuyingapet.
DogShowbyK9Club(1pmto2pm)
BeamazedatthetricksperformedbydogsfromtheK9Club.
ThestoryofKitKatthedog
ThefirsttimetherescuersmetkitKat,werecalledinshockandourheartsinstantlywentouttohim.Athistender
age,lifehadalreadydealthimsomanyharshblows.Notonlywashelefttocareforhimselfinthewild,buthealso
sufferedpainwithahorrificrash(皮疹).
KitKatwasfirstbroughttoourattentionbyAnna,oneofourvolunteers.KitKatwassaidtobefrightenedof
peopleandweeventuallymanagedtoputaleash(皮带)onKitKatandtakehimtothevetafterafewdays’effortof
148/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
trickinghimwithtreats.Hewaswellpaddedandhiscoat,thoughmatted(无光泽的),wasingoodcondition.KitKat
alsohadgoodoralhealth.
Nowonthemend,KitKatboastsacoatofsoft,glossyfurandshowsnosignsofthepainhesufferedfrom.While
wehavemanagedtohealhisbody,wehavenotbeenabletodothesameforhisbrokenspirit.However,webelievethat
withtherightfamilyandtherightenvironment,KitKatwillbeabletoflourishandshakeoffhissadpast.
1．WhyweretherescuersshockedthefirsttimetheymetKitKat?
A．Hewasaveryolddog. B．Herefusedtobeputonaleash.
C．Hehadaterribleskincondition. D．Hewasawildandaggressivedog.
2．Thephrase“onthemend”tellsusthatKitKat________.
A．isnowacheerfuldog B．hasbeenclearedofhisrash
C．isnolongerscaredofpeople D．hasmaturedintoanadultdog
3．Themainpurposeoftheflyer(传单)isto________.
A．askforvolunteersanddonations
B．helpabandonedanimalsfindnewowners
C．teachdogownershowtoberesponsiblepetowners
D．encouragethepublictogiveuptheirpetsforadoption
【答案】1．C
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了收养宠物的相关信息。
1．细节理解题。根据文章ThestoryofKitKatthedog中第一段“ThefirsttimetherescuersmetkitKat,werecalledin
shockandourheartsinstantlywentouttohim.Athistenderage,lifehadalreadydealthimsomanyharshblows.Not
onlywashelefttocareforhimselfinthewild,buthealsosufferedpainwithahorrificrash.(当救援人员第一次见到
奇巧时，我们回忆起来都很震惊，我们的心立刻向他扑去。在他年幼的时候，生活已经给了他许多残酷的打击。
在野外，他不仅要自己照顾自己，还遭受着可怕的皮疹带来的疼痛)”可知，救援人员第一次见到奇巧时感到震
惊的原因在于他有一种可怕的皮肤状况。故选C项。
2.
ThefollowingaresomegoodshowsonNetflixrightnow.Figuringoutwhattowatchthismonthhasneverbeen
easier.
NewGirl
ForagoodshowonNetflixthatwillputyouinagreatmoodwitheveryepisode,turntothiscomedy,which
followsthegirlasshemovesinwiththreequirky(古怪的)men.Theirsevenseasonsofdishonestactivitieswillkeep
149/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
youentertainedforhours—aclose—to—perfectwaytospendyourtimeindoors.
Community
FinallyavailableonNetflix,thisbeloved2010scomedyaboutagroupofstudentsata communitycollegeisone
ofthebestTVshowstowatch.It'llkeepyouentertainedfordays.
QueerEye
Thisemotional,insightfulrealityseriesfollowsfivemenastheyhelppeopleimprovetheirlives.Thefivefamous
starshavebecomepersonalitiesintheirownrightandwatchingthemon-screentogetherisoneofthebestpartsofthe
show,butseeinghowtheyhelpandencouragethepeopletheyworkwithissuretowarmeventhecoolestheart.
OneDayataTime
Aremakeo£aTVclassic,thisfamily-firstseriesfollowsanewlysinglemotherassheraisesherchildren.Her
traditionalLatinamother(playedbyRitaMoreno)takesastarringroleasthefamilyfacespuberty(青春期)，younglove,
lifemilestones,andmoretogether.Withitsownfanfollowing,thisthree-seasonseriesistheperfectsettle—in—
together—and—watchshow.
21．WhatdoNewGirlandCommunityhaveincommon?
A．Botharecomedies. B．Bothareinspiring.
C．Bothareaimedatstudents. D．Bothareconcernedwithgirls.
22．HowwillaudiencefeelafterwatchingQueerEye?
A．Confident. B．Touched. C．Excited. D．Relaxed.
23．WhatisRitaMoreno?
A．Anactress. B．Ahost. C．Alawyer. D．Aplayer.
【答案】21．A22．B23．A
【解析】这是一篇应用文。介绍了一些在Netflix网站上的节目的基本内容。
21．细节理解题。根据第一则信息中的“ForagoodshowonNetflixthatwillputyouinagreatmoodwithevery
episode,turntothiscomedy”（想看一部每集都会让你心情愉悦的Netflix好剧，那就看这部喜剧吧）与第二则信
息中的“thisbeloved2010scomedyaboutagroupofstudentsatacommunitycollege”（这部深受观众喜爱的喜剧讲
述了一群社区大学的学生的故事）可知，两个都是喜剧。故选A项。
3.
TheFriendsofCharlesDickens
Dickenswasbornin1812.Hisfather,aclerkinthenavypayoffice,wasthrownintodebtors'prison.The
miserabletreatmentofchildrenandtheinstitutionofthedebtors'jailbecame topicsofseveralofDickens,novels。.
150/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
WilkieCollins(1824-1889)
AlthoughtwelveyearsyoungerthanDickensWilkieCollinsbecameoneofDickensbestfriends.Collinswasa
popularnovelistwhodevelopedthemysterynovelstyle.TheMoonstoneisoneofhisbest.HeandDickenswroteThe
FrozenDeep.WilkiewasthesonofthepainterWilliamCollins.HewasborninLondonandlivedinItalyandFrance
asachild.
JohnElliotson(1791-1868)
ElliotsonwasDickens'sfamilydoctorformanyyearsandthustheybecamegoodfriends.Elliotsonwasanearly
advocatefortheuseofthestethoscope(听诊器).Healsobelievedintheuseofacupuncture(针灸).
EdgarAllanPoe(1809-1849)
PoewasanAmericanauthorbestknownforhispoemsandshortfiction.TheFalloftheHouseofUsherandThe
MurdersintheRueMorguearetwoofhismostpopularworksDickensandPoe'sfriendshipbeganinPhiladelphia
whileDickenswasonhisfirsttouroftheUnitedStates.Theytalkedaboutliteratureandseemedtoenjoyoneanother's
companyHowever，twoyearslaterPoebrokeofftherelationshipbecausehewasangryaboutanarticleonAmerican
poetry.ThearticlewaswrittenbyThackeray,butPoebelievedthatDickenswasbehindthearticle.
WilliamMakepeaceThackeray(1811-1863)
WilliamMakepeaceThackeraywasanovelistHisbestknownworkisVanityFair.HewasalsoafriendofCharles
Dickens.WhileDickensandThackeraywerefriends,therelationshipwasn'talwayssmooth.Theyhadseveralserious
quarrels.OnequarrelinvolvedDickenssidingwithEdmundYatesafterYatesinsultedThackeray.
21．WhohadtakencareofDickens'healthforyears?
A．Collins. B．Poe. C．Elliotson. D．Thackeray.
22．WhatbrokeDickensandPoe'sfriendship?
A．Atrafficaccident. B．Theirideasonrunningcompanies.
C．ApoemwrittenbyDickens. D．AnarticlewrittenbyThackeray.
23．WhatisThackeray'smostfamousnovel?
A．VanityFair. B． TheMoonstone.
C．TheFalloftheHouseofUsher. D．TheMurdersintheRueMorgue.
【答案】21．C22．D23．A
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了英国作家CharlesDickens的四位朋友。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段“ElliotsonwasDickens'sfamilydoctorformanyyearsandthustheybecamegoodfriends.
151/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
（Elliotson是Dickens多年的家庭医生，因此他们成了好朋友。）”可知，Elliotson是Dickens的家庭医生，因此，
他曾照顾Dickens的健康。故选C项。
22．细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“However,twoyearslaterPoebrokeofftherelationshipbecausehewasangry
aboutanarticleonAmericanpoetry.ThearticlewaswrittenbyThackeray,butPoebelievedthatDickenswasbehind
thearticle.（然而，两年后， Poe因为对一篇关于美国诗歌的文章感到愤怒而断绝了这段关系。这篇文章是
Thackeray写的，但Poe认为是Dickens写的。）”可知，Poe对他以为是Dickens写的一篇关于美国诗歌的文章
很生气，但事实上它是Thackeray写的，Thackeray写的一篇文章破坏了Dickens 和 Poe的友谊。故选D项。
23．细节理解题。根据第五段“WilliamMakepeaceThackeraywasanovelist.HisbestknownworkisVanityFair.
（WilliamMakepeaceThackeray是一位小说家。他最著名的作品是《名利场》。）”可知，Thackeray最著名的小
说是《名利场》。故选A项。
4.
PerhapsyouareacorporatemanagerwhoisabouttoattendafewbusinessdinnersinChina,ormaybeyou
aremeetingyoursignificantother'sfamilyatadinnerinShanghai.Eitherway,youcanbesurethatlotsofdrinkingis
involvedduringtheseChinesesocialevents.
Whatyouwillbedrinking.
Baijiu-Alsocalledsorghumwine,baijiuisthedrinkofchoiceforbusinessdinnersinChina.Themostpopular
brandofbaijiuisMaotai,whichcanbeasstrongas60%alcohol-by-volume（comparedtoanaveragevodkaat40%
ABV).
Redwine-RedwinehasincreasedinpopularityatChinesedinnertablesinrecentyearsalongwiththerising
interestinluxurygoods.
Beer-PopularChinesebeerbrandsincludeTsingtaoandHarbinBeer,whicharecrisp,refreshinglagers(淡啤酒）
thatcancooltheburningsensationsfromdrinkingbaijiu.
Courage,quantity,andquality
It'sperfectlyallrightifyougetdrunk,andifyouleavesober,yourhostsmightthinkthey'vefailedtoshowthe
properhospitality.
Thebottomlineis,it'sbestifyoudrinkwhatevertheygiveyou.Thisiscalledjiudan-“drinkcourage".Ofcourse,
havingjiudandoesn'tautomaticallymeanyouhaveagoodjiuliang-“drinkingcapacity"ortheabilitytoholdyourdrink.
Butthisreallydoesn'tmatter,aslongasyouhavegoodjiupin-“drinkmanners"orthewayyoubehavewhendrunk.
Ideallyyou'llhaveallthree,butifyoudon't,thefirstoneisthemostimportant.
Generaletiquette
152/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
Whenclinkingglasses,thejuniorpeopleshouldalwaysholdtheirglasseslowerthanthoseofseniorfolks.Also,if
youarelatefortheparty,youareexpectedtopunishyourselfbydrinking.
Lastly,itisconsideredextremelyrudetorefuseadrinkaftersomeonetoastsyou.Ofcourse,“dryingyourglass"is
consideredtheutmostrespectatthedinnertable.
1．WhatisbeermorelikelytoserveasatChinesedinnertables?
A．Appetizer. B．Primarydrink. C．Secondarydrink. D．After-dinnerdrink.
2．WhatpolicyshouldyoufollowwhendrinkinginChina?
A．Undernocircumstancesshouldyougetdrunk.
B．Ifyoudon'tlovethedrinkoffered,youcansayno.
C．Youhavetogetdrunktoshowrespectforyourhost.
D．Drinkcouragemattersmostwhenyoudrinkwithothers.
3．Whatistheproperbehaviorforayoungadultover18atChinesedinnertables?
A．Refusingadrinkifyoudon'twantit.
B．Drinkingyourselfunderthetablewhenlate.
C．Holdingyourglasslowerwhentoastingseniors.
D．Toastingseniorsasmanytimesasyoucan.
【答案】1．C2．D3．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章对中国的酒桌文化进行了详细介绍。
1.细节理解题。根据Whatyouwillbedrinking部分第三段“Beer-PopularChinesebeerbrandsincludeTsingtaoand
HarbinBeer,whicharecrisp,refreshinglagers(淡啤酒）thatcancooltheburningsensationsfromdrinkingbaijiu.”（受
欢迎的中国啤酒品牌包括青岛啤酒和哈尔滨啤酒，这两种啤酒是爽口、清爽的窖藏啤酒，可以缓解喝白酒时的
灼烧感。）可知，啤酒是在喝了白酒之后喝的，根据Whatyouwillbedrinking部分第一段“Baijiu-Alsocalled
sorghumwine,baijiuisthedrinkofchoiceforbusinessdinnersinChina.”（白酒——也叫高粱酒，在中国，白酒是
商务晚宴的首选饮料。）可知，在中国人的餐桌上，白酒是首选饮料，啤酒属于第二道饮料。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据Courage,quantity,andquality部分第二段第一句和第二句Thebottomlineis,it'sbestifyou
drinkwhatevertheygiveyou.Thisiscalledjiudan-“drinkcourage".（最重要的是，他们给你什么你就喝什么。这叫
做酒胆。）可知，在中国，和别人喝酒时酒胆是最重要的。故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据Generaletiquette部分第一段第一句“Whenclinkingglasses,thejuniorpeopleshouldalwayshold
theirglasseslowerthanthoseofseniorfolks.”（碰杯时，资历较浅的人杯子举得要比资历较深的人低。）可知，年
满十八岁的成年人在中国酒桌上的恰当行为是向长辈敬酒时要把酒杯举得低于对方。故选C。
153/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
5.
Everyyear,studentsandtouristscrowdintofamousuniversitiesaroundtheworldfortheirhistory,buildings,
gardensandsoon.Thefollowinguniversitiesarewell-known.
UniversityofBologna
Astheoldestuniversityintheworld,itisinItaly.TheUniversityofBolognacampus （校园)isfullofhistorical
buildingsandart.Afterwalkingaroundtheuniversity,cobble-stoned(鹅卵石)streetswillcarryyoutopartsofthecity
whereyouwillfindbeautifulviewsofthecampusfromabove.
UniversityofCapeTown
TheUniversityofCapeTownistheoldestuniversityinSouthAfrica.Thered-roofedstonebuildingsofthe
universitypresentabeautifulview.Thebuildingshavemadetheuniversitybeoneofthemostbeautifulcampusesin
theworld.
AarhusUniversity
AarhusUniversityisthelargestuniversityinDenmarkandamongthemostfamousintheworld.Thedifferent
modernbuildingsatAarhusUniversitywasdesignedinthe1930sandwasbuiltwithyellowbricksandlargewindows.
Thebuildingsareinthecampusparks.
UniversityofOxford
AstheoldestuniversityintheEnglish-speakingworld,itliesinOxford,UK.ThecampusatOxfordisfamousfor
itshistoricalbuildingsandgreenspaces.Ifyouareinthearea,makesuretovisittheSheldonianTheater,builtbySir
ChristopherWrenin1668,aswellasmanygardensandafamousarboretum （植物园）oncampus.
1．WhatcanyoudoonthecampusoftheUniversityofBologna?
A．Walkoncobble-stonedstreets.
B．ExperienceAmericanculture.
C．Viewthered-roofedstonedbuildings.
D．Takephotosofbuildingsbuiltwithyellowbricks.
2．WhereisAarhusUniversity?
A．InItaly. B．InSouthAfrica.
C．InDenmark. D．InBritain.
3．Inwhichuniversitycanyouvisitaarboretum?
A．UniversityofBologna. B．UniversityofCapeTown.
C．AarhusUniversity. D．UniversityofOxford.
154/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【答案】1．A2．C3．D
【解析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了几所著名大学，学生和游客纷纷涌入，因为它们的历史、建筑、花园等
等。
1．细节理解题。由文章“UniversityofBologna”部分中句子“Afterwalkingaroundtheuniversity,cobble-stoned（鹅
卵石）streetswillcarryyoutopartsofthecitywhereyouwillfindbeautifulviewsofthecampusfromabove.”（行走
在校园内,鹅卵石街道将会带你发现校园的美。）可知，在博洛尼亚大学可以行走在鹅卵石街道。故选A项。
2．细节来理解题。由文章“AarhusUniversity”部分中句子“AarhusUniversityisthelargestuniversityinDenmark”
（奥尔胡斯大学是丹麦最大的大学）可知，奥尔胡斯大学位于丹麦。故选C项。
3．细节来理解题。由文章“UniversityofOxford”部分中句子“aswellasmanygardensandafamousarboretum （植
物园）oncampus.”（还有许多花园和校园里一个著名的植物园。）可知，如何想要参观植物园，可以去牛津大学。
故选D项。
规律方法：如何解决事实细节题？
做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是题干定位法。一般在原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，
便可确定答案。此类题通常用一些疑问词来提问，或是判断正误。
【变式精讲】
1.
4StudyandHomeworkAppsforAndroid!
Brainly
Price：Free/$15per3months/$24peryear
Brainlyisasocialnetworkforlearners.Yousignup,askquestions,andgetanswers(usually).Additionally,you
canbrowsethesite,answerotherpeople'squestions,andhelpthemoutaswell.ThereTheychargeonaquarterbasis
($15)orayearlybasis($24).
Forest
Price:Free/Upto$1.99
Forestisadifferenttypeofapp.Oneofthebiggestdistractionsduringstudyisyoursmartphone.Foresthelpsputa
stoptothat.Youopentheappandatreegrows.Thetreediesifyouleavetheapp.Thus,thereisalittlemotivationto
leavethethingalonewhileyoustudyordohomework.
GooglePlayBooks
Price:Freeapp,bookcostsvary
GooglePlayBooksisanexcellentsourceoflearningmaterial.Sometimesyourtextbookjustisn'tenoughand
155/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
appslikethishaveplentyofadditionalresources.Bookscostmoneyobviously.However,youonlypayforthemonce.
Booksareavailableofflineonyoursmartphoneortablet.
Quizlet
Price:Free/$19.99peryear
Quizletisoneofthemostpopularflashcardappsforlanguagelearning.Youcancreateflashcardsplaymemory
games,andevenshareflashcardswithclassmates.Italsosupports18languagesforaboutanysubjectortopic.Thefree
versionshouldworkjustfineforsimpleuses,though.Thepremiumversioncosts$19.99peryear,whichisn't
expensiveforastudyaid.
1．WhatisspecialaboutForest?
A．Ithelpskeepyoufocused. B．Itanswersyourquestions.
C．Itprovidestextbooksforyourstudy. D．Itmotivatesyoutoplantmoretrees.
2．Quizletisdesignedfor________.
A．Bookworms B．Jobseekers C．Gameplayers D．Languagelearners
3．Whatdotheseappshaveincommon?
A．Theyprovideinterestinggamesforlearners. B．Theychargeforsomeservices.
C．Theyhaveenoughlearningresources. D．Theyaredesignedtodohomeworkquickly.
【答案】1．A2．D3．B
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了四个安卓系统的学习应用程序。
1．细节理解题。根据Forest部分中“Oneofthebiggestdistractionsduringstudyisyoursmartphone.Foresthelpsput
astoptothat.(学习时最大的干扰之一就是你的智能手机。Forest有助于阻止发生这种情况)”可知，Forest的特别
之处是能够帮助你集中注意力。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Quizletisoneofthemostpopularflashcardappsforlanguagelearning.(Quizlet
是最受欢迎的语言学习抽认卡应用程序之一)”可知，Quizlet是为语言学习者设计的。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Price:Free/$15per3months/$24peryear(价格：免费/3个月15美元/每年24
美元)”；第二段中“Price:Free/Upto$1.99(价格：免费/最高1.99美元)”；第三段中“Price:Freeapp,bookcosts
vary(价格：免费的应用程序，书的价格不同)”及第四段中“Price:Free/$19.99peryear(价格：免费/$19.99每年)”
等信息可知，这四个应用程序的共同点是都要收取一些服务费。故选B。
2.
NARRAT1VEinvitesallwriters,poets,visualartists'photographersperformersandfilmmakersbetween
eighteenandthirtyyearsoldtosendustheirbestwork.We'relookingforthetraditionalandthenew,thetrueandthe
156/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
creative.We'relookingtoencouragethebestyoungauthorsandartistsworkingtoday.
Awards： FirstPrizeis$1,500,SecondPrizeis$750,ThirdPrizeis$300,andothertenfinalistswillreceive
$100each.TheprizewinnersandfinalistswillbeannouncedinNarrative,Weacceptsubmissions （提交）inthe
followingmedia:
Written； worksofliterature»includingshortstories allpoeticforms,novels,essaysandbook-lengthnonfiction.
5
Submissionsmustbewithin15,000words.Eachpoetrysubmissionmaycontainuptofivepoems.Thepoemsshould
allbecontainedinasinglefile.Allsubmissionsshouldhedouble-spaced （exceptpoetry,whichshouldbe
single-spaced）,with12-pointtype,atleastone-inchmargins （空白）.Youmayenterasmanytimesasyouwish,but
weencourageyoutobeselectiveandtosendyourbestwork.Allentrieswillbeconsideredtobepublished.
Photographed； photoessaysofbetweenfiveandtwentyimage,previouslyunpublished.Titlesortextshouldhe
included,eitherwiththefilecontainingtheimagesorasaseparatedocument,withnumberedphotographs.
Filmed： shortfilmsanddocumentariesofuptofifteenminutes.Submissionsmustbein.mp4or.movformat.
EntrieswillbeacceptedthroughNovember19,,atmidnight,Pacificstandardtime.Thereisa$26feeforeach
entry.Andwithyourentry,you'llreceivethreemonthsoffreeaccesstoNarrativeBackstage.Winnersandfinalistswill
beannouncedtothepublicbyDecember18,.
21．Howmanykindsofprizeswillbeawardedwithmoney?
A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six.
22．Whichentrymeetsthestandardofsubmission?
A．Apicturepostedonline. B．Apoetrywithsixpoems.
C．Anovelwithsingle-spacedpattern. D．Aphotographwithatextinaseparatedocument.
23．Whatisthebenefitforpeoplewhosubmittheirwork?
A．Theywillbeannouncedtothepublic,
B．Theywillreceivea$26paymentfortheireffort.
C．Theycanhavetheirworkpublishedinthemagazine.
D．TheycanvisitNarrativeBackstageforfreeforthreemonths
【答案】21．B22．D23．D
【解析】这是一篇征稿启事。NARRAT1VE邀请18至30岁的所有作家、诗人、视觉艺术家、摄影师、演员和
电影制作人将他们最好的作品寄给NARRAT1VE并提供奖品和奖励。短文介绍了相关的具体细节。
1.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“FirstPrizeis$1,500,SecondPrizeis$750,ThirdPrizeis$300,andotherten
157/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
finalistswillreceive$100each.”（一等奖为一千五百元，二等奖为七百五十元，三等奖为三百元，其他十名决赛
选手各得一百元。）可知共有四种奖项的奖品是钱，故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据“Titlesortextshouldheincluded,eitherwiththefilecontainingtheimagesorasaseparate
document,withnumberedphotographs.”（标题或文字应包括在包含图片的文件中，或作为单独的文件，并附有编
号的照片。）可知，在单独文件中有文字的照片符合投稿要求，故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据“Andwithyourentry,you'llreceivethreemonthsoffreeaccesstoNarrativeBackstage.”（如果你
的申请被通过，你将获得三个月的免费后台访问权。）可知，投稿的人可以获得三个月的免费后台访问权。故选
D。
3.
JitterbugSmart2
TheJitterbugSmart2fromGreatCallisthesimplestsmartphonewithasimplemenu,largescreenandexclusive
healthandsafetyservices.
EASY Everythingyouwanttodo，fromtextingandtakingpictures,toemailingandgettingdirections,is
organizedinasinglelistonthescreenwithlarge,legibl（e 清楚易读的）letters.Plus,VoiceTypingmakeswritingemails
andtextseffortless.
SMART TurnyourJitterbugSmart2intoapersonalsafetydevicewithGreatCall'sUrgentResponseServiceand
exclusivehealthapps.
AFFORDABLE GreatCallhasavarietyofplanswithdatastartingaslowas$17.48permonth.Comparedto
othercellphonecompanies,youcouldsaveover$300peryear.Andforalimitedtimeget50%off,soyoucanstay
connected,safeandhealthy.
Poweredbythenation'slargestandmostdependablewirelessnetwork.
WhytheJitterbugSmart2isyourbestchoiceforanewsmartphone:
Nolong-term Keepyourcurrentphone FreeU.S.-basedcustomer Nohidden Affordable,
contracts number serviceandtechnicalsupport monthlyfees flexibleplans
Toorderorlearnmore,call1-800-359-1423orvisitusatgreatcall.com/Smart.
1Offervalid5/3/20through5/30/20.
2Monthlyfeesdonotincludegovernmenttaxesorassessmentsurchargesandaresubjecttochange.Plansand
servicesmayrequirepurchaseofaGreatCalldeviceandaone-timesetupfeeof$35.5Staror9-1-lcallscanbemade
onlywhencellularserviceisavailable.5StarServicetracksanapproximatelocationofthedevicewhenthedeviceis
158/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
turnedonandconnectedtothenetwork.GreatCalldoesnotguaranteeanexactlocation.5Starisonlyavailablewiththe
purchaseofaHealth&SafetyPackage.GREATCALL,5STAR,andJITTERBUGaretrademarksofBestBuyandits
affiliatedcompanies. BestBuy.Allrightsreserved.
1．WhatisthefeatureofJitterbugSmart2?
A．User-friendlydesign. B．Qualityscreen.
C．Multipleapps. D．Affordablenetwork.
2．WhatmakesJitterbugSmart2thebestchoice?
A．Nocontracts. B．100%customersatisfaction.
C．Nomonthlyfees. D．Flexibleplans.
3．Whatdoweknowabout5StarService?
A．Itrequiresanetworkconnection.
B．Itprovidesuserswithafreepackage.
C．Ittrackstheexactlocationofthedevice.
D．Itguaranteesemergencycallsatanytime.
【答案】1．A2．D3．A
【解析】本文是应用文，介绍了JitterbugSmart2这款手机的特点及办理要求。
1．细节理解题。根据文章EASY部分Everythingyouwanttodo，fromtextingandtakingpictures,toemailingand
gettingdirections,isorganizedinasinglelistonthescreenwithlarge,legibleletters.Plus,VoiceTypingmakeswriting
emailsandtextseffortless.（你想做的每件事，从发短信和拍照，到发邮件和问路，都在屏幕上用大而清晰的字
母组织成一个列表。另外，语音打字让写电子邮件和短信变得毫不费力。）可知，该手机的操作界面简单并且支
持语音输入使得打字非常容易，所以JitterbugSmart2的特点是为用户而设计的。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据文章表格中最后一格WhytheJitterbugSmart2isyourbestchoiceforanewsmartphone（为
什么JitterbugSmart2是你新手机的最佳选择）部分的Affordable,flexibleplans（负担得起的、灵活的计划）可
知，灵活的计划使得JitterbugSmart2成为最好的选择。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“5StarServicetracksanapproximatelocationofthedevicewhenthedeviceis
turnedonandconnectedtothenetwork.”（当设备被打开并连接到网络时，5Star服务跟踪设备的大致位置。）可知，
5Star 服务需要网络的链接，故选A。
4.
FourwaystospendahappySpringFestival
No.1choice:ski!
159/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
Wheretogo:BeijingNationalStadium(Bird'sNest)
Activity:the2ndBirdNestSnowSeason
Inwinter,theBird'sNestbecomesawhiteworld.The2ndBirdNestSnowSeasonhasalreadystarted.Duringthe
ChineseNewYearholiday,visitorscanseeadifferentBird'sNest.Thevarioussnowsportswillofferyouadynamic
SpringFestivalholiday.
Thereare16entertainmentsinthemainvenueandoutfieldtomeettherequirementsofvisitorsofdifferentages
andtastes.Comparedtolastyear,thisyear'seventhasthenewskatingzoneandSnowDodgem,coveringabigareaof
1150squaremeters.
No.2choice:experiencingstrongChineseNewYearflavor
Wheretogo:Wuzhen,Jiaxing,ZhejiangProvince
Activity:longstreetbanquet
DuringtheSpringFestival,Peopleputuppostersontheirdoorsandwalls.ManycustomsofthelunarNewYear
holidaysarcinherited(继承)inthetown.Themostdistinctiveoneisthe"longstreetbanquet".Inthepast,wealthy
familieswouldholdbanquetsforguestsintheSpringFestival.Theneighborssetouttablesandchairsalongthestreet.
Theconnectedtablesformedthelivelyandcolorful"longstreetbanquet".
Today,the"longstreetbanquet"isstillheldinWuzhentown.
No.3choice:familytour
Wheretogo:Disneyland,HongKong
HongKongDisneylandisanidealchoiceforafamilytourespeciallywithchildren.Attheageoffive,the
Disneylandwillformallystartthegrandceremony"LeapingWonders".TheDisneyFlyingCruisewhichhasneverbeen
seenbefore,willappear.
No.4choice:expressrailtravel
Wheretogo:Wuguang(Wuhan-Guangzhou)ExpressRail
TheWunguang(Wuhan-Guangzhou)ExpressRailconnectsWuhan,ChangshaandGuangzhou.Itshortensthe
distancebetweenthetwoendsintothreehoursandsixteenminutes.ThebestsceneryalongthejourneyisHengshan
Mountainwherevisitorscanenjoythesnowsight,appreciatetheZhurongPeakandsearchforthemysterious
FangguangTemple.
Delicaciesalongtheway:Baoqingporkbloodballs,Maojiabraisedpork,Hunanpreservedfish,Wuhanhotdry
noodles,Wuchangfish,WuhanDoupi(akindofsnackmadefromstickyrice,beef,mushroomsandbeans)andJingwu
duckneck.
160/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
1．Fromthefirstactivitywecanknowthatthe2ndBirdNestSnowSeason_______
A．has16entertainmentsinall B．hastwonewprogramsthisyear
C．isonlyforchildrenandtheyouth D．coversabigareaof1150squaremeters
2．Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?;
A．Disneylandisattheageoffive.
B．Thelongstreetbanquethasalonghistory.
C．WuguangExpressRailisfromWuhantoGuangzhou.
D．The2ndBirdNestSnowSeasonisheldinBeijingNationalStadium.
3．Inwhichplacecanvisitorsbothseebeautifulscenesandtastedeliciousfood?
A．No.1choice:ski!
B．No.3choice:familytour
C．No.4choice:expressrailtravel
D．No.2choice:experiencingstrongChineseNewYearflavor
【答案】1．B2．A3．C
【解析】本文是一篇应用文，共介绍了四种过一个快乐春节的方法。包括干什么，吃什么等。
1．细节理解题。根据第一项活动No.1choice:ski!中的“Comparedtolastyear,thisyear’seventhasthenewskating
zoneandSnowDodgem.( 与去年相比，今年的活动有了新的滑冰区和雪道碰碰车)”可知, 第二个鸟巢雪季今年
有两个新项目。故答案为B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三项活动No.3choice:familytour的“HongKongDisneylandisanidealchoiceforafamily
tourespeciallywithchildren.Attheageoffive,theDisneylandwillformallystartthegrandceremony“Leaping
Wonders”(FeiyueQimiao).(香港迪斯尼乐园是家庭旅游的理想选择，特别是带孩子的家庭旅游。 迪斯尼五周年
时，迪斯尼乐园将正式开始盛大的仪式“跳跃奇观”)”可推断，迪斯尼五周年了错误，是五周年时开始盛大的仪
式“条跳跃奇观”开始。故答案为A。
3．细节理解题。根据第四项活动No.4choice:expressrailtravel“ThebestsceneryalongthejourneyisHengshan
Mountain(Hengyang,HunanProvince)wherevisitorscanenjoythesnowsight,appreciatetheZhurongPeakand
searchforthemysteriousFangguangTemple.( 沿途最好的风景是衡山（衡阳，湖南省），游客可以在那里欣赏雪
景，欣赏珠荣峰，寻找神秘的芳光寺)”和最后一段 “Delicaciesalongtheway:Baoqingporkbloodballs,Maojia
braisedpork,Hunanpreservedfish,Wuhanhotdrynoodles,Wuchangfish,WuhanDoupi(akindofsnackmadefrom
stickyrice,beef,mushroomsandbeans)andJingwuduckneck.(沿途美食：宝清猪肉血球、毛家红烧猪肉、湖南腌
制鱼、武汉热干面、武昌鱼、武汉豆皮（一种由糯米、牛肉、蘑菇和豆类制成的小吃）和景武鸭颈)” 可知，游
161/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
客既可以看到美丽的场景，也可以品尝美味的食物是No.4choice:expressrailtravel。故答案为C。
5.
Tiredofyoursummerbreak?HerecomesalistofbestsellersonAmazon.com
BornaCrime
ByNoahTrevor
BornaCrimeisthestoryofanaughtyyoungboyinSouthAfrica,whogrowsintoarestlessyoungman,the
authorofthebook,ashestrugglestofindhimselfinaworldwherehewasneversupposedtoexist.Itisalsothestory
ofthatyoungman’srelationshipwithhisfearlessandreligiousmother.“Don'tcry,Trevor.Trevor,listen.Listentome.
Listen.”“Mychild,youmustlookonthebrightside.”ItwasMother'sfaithandpositiveattitudethatshapedtheyoung
man.
HowItFeelstoFloat
ByHelaiaFox
Ifyou'relookingforamovingstorythatexploresthemesofmentalillness,grief(悲痛),andlove,pickupacopy
ofHowItFeelstoFloatandfollowBizasshecomesofage.Thismovingnovelwillstaywithyoulongafteryoufinish
readingit.
TwoCanKeepaSecret
ByKarenM.MeManus
Putonyourcrime-solvingcapandgetsweptawayinthisthrilleraboutagirl,aboy,andastringofunsolved
murders.Asthreatsandcluespileup,you’llbeburningthemidnightoiltryingtofinishthebookbeforedawn.
Dune
ByFrankHerbert
IftheStarWarsmovieshavemadeyoufallinlovewiththespaceopera,eventuallyyou'regoingtoreadFrank
Herbert'smostfamouscreation.Thestoryofcenturies-oldpoliticalplotting—aboutwarringfactions(派系)battling
overcontroloftheextremelyvaluableplanetArrakis—isaclassicandremainsawonderfulintroductiontothelarger,
morecomplexworldofsciencefictionjustbeyondtheStarWarstrilogies.
1．Whichbooksareaboutgrowth?
A．HowItFeelstoFloatandTwoCanKeepaSecret.
B．BornaCrimeandHowItFeelstoFloat.
C．TwoCanKeepaSecretandDune.
D．HowItFeelstoFloatandDune.
162/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
2．WhatisTwoCanKeepaSecretmainlyabout?
A．Challengesofgrowingup.
B．Agirl'sspaceadventures.
C．battlingforcontrolofanotherplanet.
D．Themurdersremainingtobesettled.
3．WhatkindofbookisDune?
A．Alovestory. B．Ascience-fictionstory. C．Anautobiography. D．Afairytale.
【答案】1．B2．D3．B
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了亚马逊网站畅销的几本书。
1．细节理解题。由BornaCrime下的“BornaCrimeisthestoryofanaughtyyoungboyinSouthAfrica,whogrows
intoarestlessyoungman,theauthorofthebook,ashestrugglestofindhimselfinaworldwherehewasnever
supposedtoexist.”（《天生罪犯》讲述的是南非一个淘气的小男孩成长为一个躁动不安的年轻人的故事，作为这
本书的作者，他努力在一个他不应该存在的世界里找到自己。），HowItFeelstoFloat下的“Ifyou'relookingfora
movingstorythatexploresthemesofmentalillness,grief(悲痛),andlove,pickupacopyofHowItFeelstoFloatand
followBizasshecomesofage.”（如果你正在寻找一个感人的故事，探讨精神疾病、悲伤和爱的主题，那就拿起
一本《漂泊的感觉》吧，跟着比兹长大。），TwoCanKeepaSecret下的“Putonyourcrime-solvingcapandgetswept
awayinthisthrilleraboutagirl,aboy,andastringofunsolvedmurders.”（戴上你的破案帽，在这部关于一个女孩，
一个男孩，和一连串未解的谋杀案的惊悚中一网打尽。），Dune下的“Thestoryofcenturies-oldpoliticalplotting—
aboutwarringfactions(派系)battlingovercontroloftheextremelyvaluableplanetArrakis—isaclassicandremains
awonderfulintroductiontothelarger,morecomplexworldofsciencefictionjustbeyondtheStarWarstrilogies.”（这
部有着数百年历史的政治阴谋故事，讲述了交战派系争夺对极为宝贵的阿拉基斯星球的控制权的故事，是一部
经典之作，也是对《星球大战》三部曲之外更大、更复杂的科幻世界的精彩介绍。），可知BornaCrime和How
ItFeelstoFloat是关于成长的书籍。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。由TwoCanKeepaSecret下的“Putonyourcrime-solvingcapandgetsweptawayinthisthrillerabout
agirl,aboy,andastringofunsolvedmurders.”（戴上你的破案帽，在这部关于一个女孩，一个男孩，和一连串未
解的谋杀案的惊悚中一网打尽。），可知谋杀案还未解决，说明TwoCanKeepaSecret主要关于还未破案的谋杀
案的故事。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。由Dune下的“Thestoryofcenturies-oldpoliticalplotting—aboutwarringfactions(派系)
battlingovercontroloftheextremelyvaluableplanetArrakis—isaclassicandremainsawonderfulintroductionto
thelarger,morecomplexworldofsciencefictionjustbeyondtheStarWarstrilogies.”（这部有着数百年历史的政治阴
163/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
谋故事，讲述了交战派系争夺对极为宝贵的阿拉基斯星球的控制权的故事，是一部经典之作，也是对《星球大
战》三部曲之外更大、更复杂的科幻世界的精彩介绍。），可知Dune是对《星球大战》三部曲之外更大、更复
杂的科幻世界的精彩介绍，说明Dune是科幻故事。故选B项。
考点 2 细节转换与是非判断题
考点1事实细节题
细节理解题 考点2细节转换与是非判断题
考点3数字计算题
【考纲解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
要求考生阅读 4 篇短 主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意
文，从每题所给的 4 个选 和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细
考查
项中选出最佳选项。题材 节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解
主旨大意、
广泛，包括科普、社会、 全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑
细节理解、
文化、政治、经济等多方 方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要
推理判断、
面内容。体裁多样，以记 高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。
词义猜测、
叙文、议论文、说明文为 篇章结构
主。 等题型。
【剖析全国高考真题】
阅读理解II：细节理解 考点2细节转换与是非判断题
1.B【·新高考全国II卷（海南卷）】
The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years,
dealing with the various kinds of "forbidden fruit" that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol
（手枪）.
Idecidedtothinkupamethodofdealingwithforbiddenfruit.
"Pleasebringthatpistoltome,"Isaid."I'mgoingtoputitinmyGrandma'sBox."
164/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
"What'sthat?"theyasked.
"It'salargewoodenchestfulloftoysformygrandchildren,"Ireplied,
"Youdon'thavegrandchildren,"someonesaid.
"Idon'tnow."Ireplied."ButsomedayIwill.WhenIdo,myboxwillbefullofwonderfulthingsforthem."
My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes. students would ask me to
describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away
—since I seldom actually kept them Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the
belonging.
The-yearswentby,andmyfirstgrandchildGordonwasborn.Isharedmyjoywiththatyear'sclass.Thensomeone
said, "Now you can use your Grandma's Box." From then on instead of coming to ask their possessions back, the
studentswouldsay,"That'sokay.PutitinyourGrandma'sBoxforGordon."
I loved talking about the imaginary box, not only with my students but also with my own children. They enjoyed
hearingaboutall the forbidden fruit I had collected.Then oneChristmas I received a surprise gift—a large, beautifully
madewoodenchest.MysonBrucehadmademyGrandma'sBoxareality.
1.Whatwastheauthor'spurposeinhavingtheconversationwiththestudents? （ ）
A.Tocollectthewaterpistol.
B.Totalkabouthergrandchildren.
C.Torecommendsometoys.
D.Toexplainherteachingmethod.
2.WhatdidthestudentsdoaftertheylearnedaboutthebirthofGordon? （ ）
A.Theywenttoplaywiththebaby.
B.TheyaskedtoseetheGrandma'sBox.
C.TheymadeapresentforGordon.
D.Theystoppedaskingtheirtoysback.
【答案】1．A2．D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了作者为收集学生们带到学校的玩具，想出了一个“奶奶的盒子”的
办法。到后来，作者的第一个孙子出生，学生们也不再来要求归还他们的财物了，作者也在某一年圣诞节收到
了儿子制作的大木箱，将“奶奶的盒子”变成了现实。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Iwasbackteachingafteranabsenceof15years,dealingwiththevariouskindsof
165/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
"forbiddenfruit"thatcomeoutofbookbags.Nowwasthespringofthewaterpistol.(在缺席了15年之后，我又回到
了教书的地方，处理从书包里掏出的各种各样的“禁果”。现在流行的是水枪)”以及第三段中“‘Pleasebringthat
pistoltome,’Isaid.‘I'mgoingtoputitinmyGrandma'sBox.’(“请把那支水枪给我，”我说。“我要把它放在我
‘奶奶的盒子’里。”)”由此可知，作者与学生进行对话的目的是收集水枪。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Fromthenoninsteadofcomingtoasktheirpossessionsback,thestudentswould
say,‘That'sokay.PutitinyourGrandma'sBoxforGordon.’(从那时起，学生们不再来要求归还他们的财物，而是说：
“没关系。把它放在你“奶奶给戈登的盒子”里)”由此可知，学生们在得知了戈登的出生后，他们不再索要玩
具。故选D。
2.C【·新高考全国II卷（海南卷）】
In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party.The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people
could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800, 000
crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the
roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was
beginningtosway（晃动）.Theauthoritiesclosedaccesstothebridgeandtensofthousandsofpeoplemadetheirway
backtoland.Adisasterwasavoided.
The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to
engineeringandapaean（赞歌）toitsbreakdowns.Itsauthor,Dr.HenryPetroski,haslongbeenwritingaboutdisasters.
In this book, he includes the loss of the space shuttles（航天飞机）Challenger and Columbia, and the sinking of the
Titanic.
Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered
them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such
failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently
applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless
improvements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.
Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of
theresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineerscanbehelpedtograspthem.
"Successissuccessbutthatisallthatitis,"Dr.Petroskiwrites.Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.
1.WhathappenedtotheGoldenGateBridgeonits50thbirthday? （ ）
A.Itcarriedmoreweightthanitcould.
B.Itswayedviolentlyinastrongwind
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C.Itsroadwaywasdamagedbyvehicles
D.Itsaccesswasblockedbymanypeople.
2.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest? （ ）
A.Failurecanleadtoprogress. B.Successresultsinoverconfidence
C.Failureshouldbeavoided. D.Successcomesfromjointefforts.
【答案】1．A2．A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。主要讲述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书《原谅设计：理解失败》的评论，工程设计可能
会因为某些原因带来失败，但失败才能带来进步。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.Thebridgewas
closedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000peopletoshowup.
Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,engineers
noticedsomethingterrible：theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeen
askedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway”可以看出，1987年5月，金门大桥举行了一个50岁生日聚会。
这座桥禁止机动车通行，人们可以在桥上散步。组织者预计将有5万人到场。相反，多达80万人挤满了通往大
桥的道路。当25万人在桥上时，工程师们注意到了一个可怕的现象：路面在被要求承载的最重荷载作用下变得
平了。更糟的是，它开始晃动。因此可以看出，金门大桥50岁生日那天，它的重量超过了它的承受能力。故选
A。
2．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的 “Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因此
可以看出，A项与此相呼应，即失败能带来进步，故选A。
3.B【·全国新高考II山东卷】
Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing
degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the
firstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor'sdegree.
Mauer,ofEdgar,Wisconsin,grew uponafarm inafamily of10children.Her dadworked atajob awayfromthe
farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids.After high school, Jennifer attendeda localtechnicalcollege, working
to pay her tuition（学费）, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.After graduation, she
workedtohelphersistersandbrotherspayfortheirschooling.
Jennifernowismarriedandhasthreechildrenofherown.Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvancehercareer
and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire
program atMinistry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield becauseshe was able to pursue herfour-year degree closeto
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home.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.Jeniferreceivedgreatsupportfromher
family as she worked to car her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother
helpedtakecareofthechildrenattimes.
Throughitall, sheremainedingood academicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors. Jennifersacrificed（牺牲）to
achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. “Some nights my heart
wasbreakingtohavetopickbetweenmykidsandstudyingforexams orpapers,”shesays.However,herchildrenhave
learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an
inspirationtoherfamily-andthat'sprettypowerful.
1.WhatdidJenniferdoafterhighschool? （ ）
A.Shehelpedherdadwithhiswork.
B.Sheranthefamilyfarmonherown.
C.Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege.
D.Shetaughthersistersandbrothersathome.
2.WhydidJenniferchoosetheprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfield? （ ）
A.Totakecareofherkidseasily. B.Tolearnfromthebestnurses.
C.Tosavemoneyforherparents. D.Tofindawell-paidjobthere.
3.WhatdidJennifersacrificetoachievehergoal? （ ）
A.Herhealth. B.Hertimewithfamily.
C.Herreputation. D.Herchanceofpromotion.
【答案】1.C2.A3.B
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己的努
力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩
子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段的 After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her
tuition,becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation.(高中毕业后，Jennifer上了一所当地的技
术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育)可知，高中毕业后Jennifer通过自己挣钱来
完成大学教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。C.Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege.(她自食其力读完了大学)符合以
上说法，故选C项。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第三段的 She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Misnistry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in
Marshfieldbecauseshewas ableto pursueherfour-year degree closeto home.She coulddrive to classandbehome in
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theeveningtohelpwithherkids.(她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-EauClaire项目，因为她可以在
离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子）可知，Jennifer选择位于马什菲尔
德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-EauClaire项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。A.Totakecareofherkids
easily.(为了方便照顾她的孩子)符合以上说法，故选A项。
3.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段的 Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and
missingimportanteventstostudy.(Jennifer为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多个和孩子待在一起的晚
上，错过了很多重要的活动)可知，为了实现自己的目标Jennifer放弃了和家人待在一起的时光。B.Hertimewith
family.(她与家人的时光)符合以上说法，故选B项。
4.C【·全国I】
Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewer
injuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.
Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe
50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport’srulesrequirethatarace
walker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatall
times.It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,an
assistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.
Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkers
movingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwice
asmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormore
caloriesperhour.
However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoher
research,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonot
leavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.
Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonamong
racewalkers.Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewitha
historyofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalking
shouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessome
practice.306
1．Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?
A．Theymustrunlongdistances.
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B．Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.
C．Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.
D．Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.
2．Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?
A．It’smorepopularattheOlympics.
B．It’slesschallengingphysically.
C．It’smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.
D．It’slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.
3．WhatisDr.Norberg’ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?
A．Gettingexperts’opinions.
B．Havingamedicalcheckup.
C．Hiringanexperiencedcoach.
D．Doingregularexercises.
【答案】1．C2．D3．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运
动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthe
legswingandonefootremainincontactwiththegroundatalltimes.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在
摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员
是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’s
knee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常
见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段Dr.Norberg说的话“Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirst
consultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或
有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)”可知，Dr.Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A项。
5.B【·全国新课标II】
Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelp
childrenwithmath-relatedskills.
PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,
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foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundto
beasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandthe
amountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.
Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfound
childrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54months
ofage.
“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirability
torotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.
Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthe
studyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmore
frequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywith
morecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduring
puzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.
ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.242
1．Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?
A．Buildingconfidence. B．Developingspatialskills.
C．Learningself-control. D．Gaininghigh-techknowledge.
2．WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment？
A．Parents’age. B．Children’simagination.
C．Parents’education. D．Child-parentrelationship.
3．Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?
A．Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.
B．Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.
C．Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.
D．Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.
【答案】1．B2．C3．D
【解析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中…foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4developbetterspatial
skill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间
技能。B.Developingspatialskills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。
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2．细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognitionaftercontrollingfor
differenceinparents'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.(Levine说，在控制了不同父母的
收入、教育和父母谈话次数后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了
父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C.Parents'education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,可知男孩比
女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.(他们
有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。
6.C【·全国新课标III】
Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingto
livetogether.
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the
groundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.
Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol — one of a growing number of
multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing
machine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.
“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more
withNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”
And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I
thinkIwould.”
It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but researchindicates that the numbers have been rising
for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen
from325,000in2002to419,000in2013.
Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many
more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about20% of 25-34-year-olds live
with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is
thoughttobeabout1.8million.
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In
India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get
married.
1.WhomainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?
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A.Nick. B.Rita. C.Kathryn D.Thedaughters.
2.Whatistheauthor’sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?
A.Familytraditions. B.Financialreports. C.Publishedstatistics. D.Publicopinions.
【答案】1.B2.C
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着
被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。
1.细节理解题。根据第三段“ but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on
the ground floor.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita 在布里斯托尔的维
多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。故选B项。
2.细节理解题。根据第六段“ Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations livi
ng together had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.”官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2002
年的32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。根据第七段“It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with
their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is t
hought to be about 1.8 million.”可知，据说，25-34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例
为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的
统计数据。故选C项。
【精讲研法】
阅读理解II：细节理解 考点2细节转换与是非判断题
【做题实践中找规律】
【例1】B
ItwasaSaturdayeveninginMarch，justbeforesundown，whenweheardthescreaming.Iwasoutwalkingwith
mywife，Melissa，andourgoldenretriever(猎犬)，Kira，besidealakewhenthepeacewasbrokenbyawoman’svoice，
callingouttwonamesoverandover.
Wespottedher，almostimmediately，threeorfourhundredfeetawayacrossthelake.Springhadcomebutthere
wasstillsnowontheground，thewatercoveredbyalayeroficethathadjuststartedtothaw.Twobigdogswere
walkingacrossit.Theyappearedtobequiteoldandweremovingslowly.Aswewatched，theicegavewaybeneathone
dogandthentheother，plungingthemintothewater.
Wearrivedatthesceneafewminuteslater，butthedogsalreadyseemedtobeshowingtheeffectsofthecoldas
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theystruggledweaklytoescape.Werealizedthatcalling911wouldbeuseless—thedogfartheroutwasinwaterabout
20feetdeepandIfearedneitherofthemwouldstayafloatlongenoughfortheemergencyservicestoarrive.Besides，I
wasprobablyqualifiedtocarryouttherescuemyself.Iwaspracticingthekindofdeepbreathingmygrandfatherhad
taughtmeasIwalkedin.Iwasn’talone—Kiraswamalongsideme.HavingKiratherewasahugesupport.Wewere
abletogobacktoshorequickly.
TheseconddogwasfurtheroutandIhadtopausebeforeIwentbackin.That’swhenanothertechniqueI’d
learnedfrommygrandfathercameintoplay.He’dtaughtmeaboutapressurepointonthewristthatwhenpressedin
therightwaysendsoutanelectricalsignal，likeajoltofenergy.ThatkeptmewarmasIsetoutagainwith，Kira.I
maintainedeyecontactwiththedogasweapproached.WithKira’sencouragement，itfollowedusback.Theownerwas
emotional—“I’mtheluckiestwomanalive!”shesaid.
1．Whydidn’tthewritercall911?
A．Thewriter’sdoghasbeentrainedtosavelives.
B．Thedogscouldsavethemselvesfromthecoldwater.
C．Therewasn’tenoughtimetowaitfortheemergencyservices.
D．Thewriter’sgrandfatherhadtaughthimhowtosavethedogs.
2．Whatdoweknowaboutthesecondtechniquethewriterlearnedfromhisgrandfather?
A．Itmakeshimbrave. B．Itkeepshimwarm.
C．Itallowshimstayfocused. D．Ithelpshimwalkquickly.
3．Whoaccompaniedandhelpedthewriterwhilesavingthedogsinthewater?
A．Hiswife. B．Thedogs’owner.
C．Hisgrandfather. D．Hisdog.
【答案】1．C2．B3．D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和妻子带着他们的金毛犬基拉在湖边散步时，营救一个女子的两只
落水的狗的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段的Werealizedthatcalling911wouldbeuseless—thedogfartheroutwasinwaterabout
20feetdeepandIfearedneitherofthemwouldstayafloatlongenoughfortheemergencyservicestoarrive. 我们意识
到拨打911是没有用的——远处的狗在20英尺深的水里，我担心它们俩都不能在水面上待太久，等紧急救援人
员赶到。可知，不拨打911是因为狗狗等不及紧急救援。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据最后一段的He’dtaughtmeaboutapressurepointonthewristthatwhenpressedintherightway
sendsoutanelectricalsignal，likeajoltofenergy.ThatkeptmewarmasIsetoutagainwith，Kira. 他教过我手腕上
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的一个按压点，当按压正确时，它会发出电信号，就像一股能量。这让我在和基拉再次出发时感到温暖。可知，
作者从爷爷那学到的第二个技能是使作者暖和。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段的Iwasn’talone—Kiraswamalongsideme.HavingKiratherewasahugesupport. 我
不是一个人——基拉游在我旁边。有了基拉，就有了巨大的支持。和最后一段的ThatkeptmewarmasIsetout
againwith，Kira.Imaintainedeyecontactwiththedogasweapproached.WithKira’sencouragement，itfollowedus
back. 这让我在和基拉再次出发时感到温暖。当我们走近时，我和狗保持着眼神交流。在基拉的鼓励下，它跟
着我们回来了。 可知，是作者的狗“基拉”在水里帮助作者救援狗狗。故选D。
2.
Starman,thedummy(仿真人)ridingacherry-redTeslaRoadster(特斯拉敞篷车)throughspace,hasmadehis
closestapproachevertoMars.TheelectricroadsteranditspassengerwereattachedtothetopofaFalconHeavyrocket
duringtheSpaceXrocket’sfirsttestlaunchon6February.
Twoyearslater,theFalconHeavyrocketandthevehicleatitstiparemakingtheirsecondtriparoundtheSun.Mr.
McDowell,aHarvardastrophysicist,foundthatStarmanpassed7.4millionkilometersfromMarsat06:25GMT7
October,.
TheclosestrecentapproachbetweentheEarthandMarswas56millionkilometersin2003,thoughtheplanetsare
oftenhundredsofmillionsofmilesapartdependingonwheretheyareintheirorbits.NoonecanseetheFalconHeavy
rocketatitscurrentdistance,butorbitsoverperiodsofafewyearsarefairlystraightforwardtopredict,andMr.
McDowelluseddataabouthowtherocketwasmovingwhenitlefttheEarth’sgravitybehindtolocateitsrecent
movementsexactly.
LasttimeStarmancircledtheSun,McDowellsaid,itcrossedMars’orbitwhiletheRedPlanetwasquitefaraway.
Butthistimethecrossinglinedupwithafairlycloseapproach,thoughstillnotcloseenoughtofeelastrongtugfrom
Mars.
Atthispointintime,ifyouwereabletogolookattheRoadster,itwouldprobablylookprettydifferent.The
strongsolarradiationenvironmentbetweentheplanetswouldprobablyhavedestroyedalltheexposedorganic
materials.
WithouttheEarth’satmosphericandmagnetic(磁场的)protection,eventheplasticsandcarbon-fibrematerials
wouldstarttobreakup.Overthecourseofdecadesorcenturies,thecarwillendupwithitsaluminium(铝)frameand
hardglassparts----that’sassumingthatnoneofthemgetdestroyedinimpactswithpassingspacerocks.
1．HowdidMcDowellmanagetolocateStarman?
A．BykeepingStarmanundervisualobservation.
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B．Bypredictingitsfutureorbitaroundtheearth.
C．ByseekingprofessionalhelpfromSpaceX.
D．Byanalyzingdataabouttherocket’smovement.
2．WhatwillhappentoStarman indecadesorcenturies?
A．ItiscirclingaroundMarsandwillfinallycrashontoit.
B．ItwillfinishitsmissionandreturntoSpaceXonearth.
C．Starmanislikelyreducedtoatmostitsframeandglass.
D．SpaceXwilltrytorecoveritduringitsnextspacemission.
【答案】1．D2．C
【解析】本文是新闻报道。主要讲述了Starman 和座驾特斯拉 Roadster接近了火星。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Mr.McDowelluseddataabouthowtherocketwasmovingwhenitlefttheEarth’s
gravitybehindtolocateitsrecentmovementsexactly.( 麦克道尔利用火箭脱离地球引力时的运动数据来准确定位
它最近的运动。)”可知，麦克道尔是通过分析火箭运行的数据成功定位Starman的。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Overthecourseofdecadesorcenturies,thecarwillendupwithitsaluminium(铝)
frame and hard glass parts----that’s assuming that none of them get destroyed in impacts with passing space rocks.( 在
几十年或几个世纪，这辆车最终成为铝框架和硬玻璃部件——假设它们没有在通过太空岩石时被破坏)”可知，
几十年或几个世纪以后，Starman很可能最多只剩下框架和玻璃了。故选C。
3.
Anafternoonnap(午睡)isoneofthejoysoflife,althoughtoomuchnappingcouldsignalallisnotwell.Insome
cultures,peoplewillhaveadailynap—thisisfine.Thewarningcomeswhenpeoplestartsleepingduringthedaytime,
whentheydidnotbefore.Thereiscertainlyagoodreasontobelievethatdaytimesleepiness—asintheAlzheimer's
study—canbeamarkerofanunderlyingcondition.
Formostpeople,nappingduringthedayismainlyasignthatyouarenotgettingenoughsleepatnight,saysDr.
NeilStanley,asleepexpert."Ifyoufeelsleepyduringtheday,youshouldthinkabouttakinganap.Thatiswhatthe
bodyneeds—itdoesn'tneedtobekeptawakewithcaffeine,itneedssleep."Thefeelingtonoticeis"sleepiness",he
says,not"tiredness",whichcouldbemorepsychologicalandlinkedtostress.
Sohowdoyounapwell?Thekeything,saysStanley,ishowlongyournaplasts.Chooseeithera20-or90-minute
nap."Whenyoufallasleep,you'llquicklygothroughthelighterstagesofsleepintoyourfirstperiodofdeepsleep.You
don'twanttowakeupindeepsleepbecausethat'swhenyouwakeandfeelworsethanyoudidbefore."Nappingfor20
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minutesmeansyouwillwakeupbeforeyougointodeepsleep;nappingfor90minutesmeansyou'llcompleteasleep
cycle.
Onceyoufactorinthetimeittakestofallasleep—somepeoplearebetteratnappingthanothersbut,saysStanley,
"ahealthyadultwillfallasleepinbetween5and12minutes"—youcansetanalarm,allowinga30-to40-minute
periodforashortnap,anduptotwohoursforalongerone.
Agoodtimetonapisduringthebody'snaturaldipintheafternoon,between2pmand4pm."Youdon'treally
wanttobenappingmuchpastthatbecausethenyouaregoingtobeeatingintoyournight-timesleep,"Stanleysays.
Thepoint,hestresses,istogetgoodnight-timesleep,whichwouldensureyouprobablydon'tneedtonapatall.
1．Whatdoesanafternoonnapindicateformostpeople?
A．Caffeineaddiction. B．Psychologicalstress.
C．Insufficientnightsleep. D．Potentialphysicalillness.
2．Whatisthekeytoagoodnap?
A．Duration. B．Surroundings. C．Health. D．Stages.
【答案】1．C 2．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在午睡期间睡得好以及最适合午睡的时间。
1．细节理解题。通过文章第二段首句“Formostpeople,nappingduringthedayismainlyasignthatyouarenot
gettingenoughsleepatnight,saysDr.NeilStanley,asleepexpert.（睡眠专家NeilStanley博士说：“对大多数人来
说，白天午睡主要是晚上睡眠不足的表现。”）”可知对于大多数人来说，午睡是因为夜间睡眠不足。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。通过文章第三段“Sohowdoyounapwell?Thekeything,saysStanley,ishowlongyournaplasts.
（那你怎么睡得好呢？Stanley说，关键是你的午睡时间有多长。）”可知睡得好的关键因素是午睡的持续时间。
故选A项。
4.
AlthoughallMiddleEasternculturescannotbegroupedintooneclass,theydohavesimilaritiesintheirrulesfor
theappropriatenessofeyeculture.Eyecontactismuchlesscommonandconsideredlessappropriateinmanyofthese
culturesthanitisconsideredintheUnitedStates.
MiddleEasterncultures,largelyMuslim,havestrictrulesregardingeyecontactbetweenthesexes;theserulesare
connectedtoreligiouslawsaboutappropriateness.Onlyabriefmomentofeyecontactwouldbepermittedbetweena
manandawoman,ifatall.
However,westernwomentravelinginMuslimareasshouldnotexpectthatnomanwillattempttomakeeye
contactwiththem.Asamatteroffact,their“differentness“maydrawattentiontothem,andmenmaytrytomakeeye
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contactwiththem.Theyshouldbeaware,however,thatreturningeyecontactwillbeconsideredthesameassaying,
“Yes,I'minterested!"SowhenintheMiddleEast,careshouldbetakeninmakingeyecontactwithanyoneofthe
oppositegender.
Ontheotherhand,inmanyMiddleEasterncultures,intenseeyecontactbetweenthoseofthesame
gender—especiallybetweenmen-canmean“Iamtellingyouthetruth!IamgenuineinwhatIsay!”Trytoobservethe
eyecontactbetweenthoseofthesamegendertoseeifitisimportanttomeetsomeone'slonglookwhenyouwantto
tellthem,“Trustme!I'msincere!”
Asyoucansee,itisvitaltoknowwhateyecontactcommunicatesbeforeyouvisitanewculture.Beforeyou
travel,youwoulddowelltogotoyourlocalpubliclibraryorbookstoreandcheckoutorlookthroughabookaboutthe
cultureofthecountryyouplantovisit.Learnhowtouseeyecontactandotherbodylanguagewiselysothatyouare
regardedaspolite,andsothatyoucanbetterconnectwithpeopleinaculturethatisforeigntoyou!
1．WhatdomostMiddleEasterncountrieshaveincommon?
A．Dealingwitheachotherproperly. B．Keepingalongdistancewhiletalking.
C．Keepinglookingintotheeyeswhiletalking. D．Makinglittleeyecontactbetweendifferentgenders.
2．WhywillmeninMuslimareasstareatwesternwoman?
A．Itistheirowncultures. B．Itisconsideredpolite.
C．Thewesternwomenaredifferent. D．Itisconsideredtobeappropriate.
【答案】1．D2．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要通过中东地区的目光交流的习俗，说明了不同地区的人们在对待同一件事
情时是有着不同的习俗的，告诉我们旅游之前要了解当地的习俗。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“AlthoughallMiddleEasternculturescannotbegroupedintooneclass,theydohave
similaritiesintheirrulesfortheappropriatenessofeyeculture.Eyecontactismuchlesscommonandconsideredless
appropriateinmanyoftheseculturesthanitisconsideredintheUnitedStates.(虽然不能将所有的中东文化归为一
类，但它们在对视文化的恰当性方面有相似之处。与美国相比，目光接触在这些文化中并不常见，也被认为是
不合适的)”以及第二段“MiddleEasterncultures,largelyMuslim,havestrictrulesregardingeyecontactbetweenthe
sexes;theserulesareconnectedtoreligiouslawsaboutappropriateness.Onlyabriefmomentofeyecontactwouldbe
permittedbetweenamanandawoman,ifatall.(以穆斯林为主的中东文化对男女之间的目光接触有严格的规定；
这些规则与有关适当性的宗教律法有关。如果有的话，男女之间只允许有短暂的眼神接触)”可知，大多数中东
国家的共同点是异性之间眼神接触少。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Asamatteroffact,their“differentness“maydrawattentiontothem,andmenmaytry
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tomakeeyecontactwiththem.(事实上，她们的“不同”可能会引起人们的注意，男人可能会试图与她们进行眼神
交流)”可知，在中东地区西方女性会受到穆斯林男性的关注，是因为她们不同于当地的女性。故选C。
5.
IwassenttothePersianGulfWarin1991.Marriedforonlyayearandahalf,Iwasmissingmywifeandbaby
daughter.IntheyearsbeforecellphonesandWi-Fi,wehadlimitedopportunitiestocommunicatewithlovedones.
Onenightwhilesittingbymyself,Iinvestigatedthe“AnySoldier"mailbox,anoldcardboardboxwithlettersand
packagesfromAmericans.Ichoseoneshoebox-sizepackage.Insidewasabagofcookies.Underneath,Ifoundabout
20cardsfromchildren.AtthebottomwasaletterfromtheirteacherinOhioexplaininghowherkidshadputthebox
togetherandhowtheysupportedoureffortsinthewar.
Iwastrulytouchedbythisgestureanddecidedtowritealetterofgratitude.Ithankedtheteacherforwhather
childrenhaddone-itsimpactonme.Forsecurityreasons,Iwasabletosignonlymyname.
Around2013,IreceivedaFacebookfriendrequestfromawomanwithwhomIsharednocontacts.Irepliedthat
unlesswewerefriends,Icouldnotacceptherrequest.Herreplystuckwithme.
“Dearsir,"shewrote."Wehavenevermet,butin1991Iwasasecond-gradeteacherataschoolinOhioandour
classroomsentacarepackageaddressedto‘AnyServiceMember.'Thethank-youletteryoucomposedwasframedand
hasbeenpostonthewalloftheschoolformorethan20years.Iwantedtoagainthankyouforyourservicetoour
country.Godblessyou."
Weneverspokeagain,butthisteacherstrengthenmybeliefindoingwhat mymotheralwaystaughtme:Write
thank-younotes-youneverknowhowmanypeopleyourkindnesscantouch.
1．Whydidthechildrensendthecardstothesoldiers?
A．Tofinishthetaskthatwasassignedbytheirteacher.
B．Toexpresstheirsupporttothesoldiers,effortsinthewar.
C．Towritedowntheirdreamsthattheywishedtorealize.
D．Toshowtheirhighskillsinmakingthosebrilliantcards.
2．Whatdidtheauthorfindinthepackage?
a.Ashoebox
b.Abagofcookies
c.Abouttwentycards
d.Aletterfromateacher
A．bcd B．abc
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C．abd D．abd
3．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A．Thepackagewasaddressedtotheauthorhimself.
B．TheauthorconnectedwithhisfamilyviatheInternet.
C．Theauthormettheteacherinpersonaround2013.
D．TheFacebookfriendrequestwasrefusedatfirst.
【答案】1．B2．A3．D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，全文主要讲述了“我”在服役期间收到一个特别的包裹，出于感动写了一封回信，多
年之后在机缘巧合之下又重新和老师取得联系，这是一个充满善意与感动的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“AtthebottomwasaletterfromtheirteacherinOhioexplaininghowherkidshad
puttheboxtogetherandhowtheysupportedoureffortsinthewar.(在包裹的底部有一封在来自他们在俄亥俄州的
老师的信，解释她的孩子们如何把箱子拼在一起，以及他们如何支持我们在战争中的努力。)”可知在这封信中，
孩子们表达了对士兵在战争中辛苦付出的支持，B选项准确契合原文的“theysupportedoureffortsinthewar”，故
选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Ichoseoneshoebox-sizepackage.Insidewasabagofcookies.Underneath,Ifound
about20cardsfromchildren.Atthebottomwasaletterfromtheirteacher（我挑中了一个鞋盒大小的包裹，里面是
一袋饼干。饼干下面，我发现了大约20张孩子们送的卡片，最底部是一封信，出自孩子们的老师之手）”可知，
我选择的这个包裹里面有一袋饼干（abagofcookies），20张卡片（20cards）以及来自老师的一封信（aletterfrom
theirteacher），即bcd三种东西，注意这里是shoebox-sizepackag（e 鞋盒般尺寸大小的包裹）而不是有a中的ashoe
box（一个鞋盒），故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据原文第四段“Around2013,IreceivedaFacebookfriendrequestfromawomanwithwhomI
sharednocontacts.Irepliedthatunlesswewerefriends,Icouldnotacceptherrequest.（在2013年左右，我收到过一
个脸书好友申请，来自一名不在我通讯录中的陌生女士，我回复说除非我们是朋友，否则我不能通过好友申请。）”
可知，一开始这一脸书好友申请是被拒绝的，D正确，故选D。
规律方法：如何解决细节转换与是非判断题?
细节理解题也叫间接理解题，包括语意转换题、图文转换题和是非判断题。
(1)语意转换题，需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在表述上的差异。解答这类题
目时可带着问题，有针对性地扫读全文，迅速锁定相关语句，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。
(2)图文转换题，在阅读理解题中，有的图表、图画出现在阅读理解题的正文中。在解答这类题时，可采用
“文字锁定法”，找出描述图形中的句段，采用按图寻找答案的方法，按图索骥，图文互相参照、互相验证，便
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可确定正确答案。
(3)是非判断题，采用对号入座法和排除法。对号入座法就是根据关键词返回原文，找出相关内容，从中找
出答案。正确答案与原文表述可能有出入，但意思一样，万变不离其宗。排除法，针对是非判断题中的“三错一
对”或“三对一错”类试题，要求仔细阅读文章，比较选项与原文的异同，然后做出正确判断。
【变式精讲】
1.
Haveyouevernoticedthereissomedifferencebetweencitytreesandforesttrees?Anewstudyfindscitytrees
growfasterbutdieyoungerthantreesinruralforestry.
Asweallknow,theearthwouldbefreezingorburninghotwithoutcarbondioxide.However,carbondioxideisa
greenhousegas,meaningittrapsenergyfromthesunasheat.Thatmakestemperaturesnearthegroundrise.Human
activities,especiallythewidespreadburningoffossilfuels,havebeensendingextragreenhousegasesintotheair.This
hasledtoariseinaveragetemperaturesacrosstheglobe.
Studieshadshownforestsreadilyabsorbcarbondioxide,buttherehadn’tbeenmuchdataonwhethercitytrees
grow,dieandabsorbcarbondioxideatthesamerateasforesttreesdo.Sosomeresearchersdecidedtofindout.
Tofigureouthowquickytreesweregrowing,researcherstrackedtheirdiameters(thewidthoftheirtrunks)
between2005and2014.Atree’sdiameterincreasesasitgrows,justasaperson’swaistsizeincreasesastheygain
weight.Theresearchhasshownabouthalftheweightofatreeiscarbon,whilemostoftherestiswater.Overthenine
years’tracking,theresearchersfoundcitytreesabsorbedfourtimesasmuchcarbondioxidefromtheairasforesttrees.
However,theyweretwiceaslikelytodie.Sooverthelifetimeofeachtypeoftree,foresttreesactuallyabsorbedmore
carbondioxide.
Citytreesgrewfasterbecausetheyhavelesscompetitionforlightfromtheirneighbors.Inaforest,treestendto
growclosetogether,shadingtheirneighbors.Streettreesalsobenefitfromhigherlevelsofnitrogen(氮)inrainwater.
Nitrogenhelpsplantsgrow.Wastegasesfromgas-burningcarsalsocontainnitrogen,thusenrichingcityairwith
nitrogen.Later,rainwatermaywashmuchofittotheground.Somestreettreesmayalsohavebetteraccesstowater
thantreesinthecountrybecausetheundergroundwaterpipescanleak.
1．Whatinformationcanatreediametertell?
A．Howatreeistransplanted. B．Howlongatreeis.
C．Howoldatreeis. D．Howmuchwateratreecontains.
2．Howdocitytreesdifferfromforesttreesofthesametypeoverthelifetimeintheresearch?
A．Theycouldlivetwicelongerthanforesttrees.
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B．Theytookinlesscarbondioxidethanforesttrees.
C．Theycouldabsorbmorecarbondioxidethanforesttrees.
D．Theyweightedheavierthanforesttrees.
3．Whatadvantagedocitytreeshave?
A．Theyhavenocompetition. B．Theygrowclosertogether.
C．Theygetmorenutritionlikenitrogen. D．Theyhavebetteraccesstorainwater.
【答案】1．C2．B3．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了城市里的树与森林中树的不同的几点。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Tofigureouthowquickytreesweregrowing,researcherstrackedtheirdiameters
(thewidthoftheirtrunks)between2005and2014.Atree’sdiameterincreasesasitgrows,justasaperson’swaistsize
increasesastheygainweight.（为了弄清楚树木生长得有多快，研究人员在2005年至2014年间追踪了它们的直
径(树干的宽度)。一棵树的直径会随着它的成长而增大，就像人的腰围会随着体重的增加而增大一样。）”可知，
通过树的直径可以了解树的成长年龄。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Sooverthelifetimeofeachtypeoftree,foresttreesactuallyabsorbedmorecarbon
dioxide.（所以在每一种树木的一生中，森林中的树木实际上吸收了更多的二氧化碳。）”可知，城市里的树木吸
收的二氧化碳更少。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Streettreesalsobenefitfrom higherlevelsofnitrogen(氮)inrainwater.Nitrogen
helpsplantsgrow.Wastegasesfromgas-burningcarsalsocontainnitrogen,thusenrichingcityairwithnitrogen（街道
的树木也受益于更高水平的氮(氮)的雨水。氮有助于植物生长。燃气汽车排放的废气中也含有氮，从而使城市
空气中富含氮。）”可知，城市中的树木能收获更多的营养，例如氮。故选C项。
2.
Thebossturneddownaraiseandgaveittohisstaffinstead.TonyBennett,theheadcoachoftheUniversityof
Virginia（UVA）men'sbasketballteam,wasofferedalargepayraiseafterhisteamwonthenationalchampionshipin.
Buttoeveryone'ssurprise,heturnedtheofferdownandrequestedthatthemoneygotohisstaffandthebasketball
programinstead.What'smore,hedonated$500,000tothebasketballplayers.
Thebossboughtanemployeeanewcar.OnthenightbeforeAlabamastudentWalterCarr'sfirstdayatBellhops
Movingcompany,hiscarbrokedown.Nobodycouldgivehimaridetowork,soCarrdecidedtowalkthe20-miIe
distanceovernight.Aftersevenhours,hearrivedrightontime.WhenthebossheardaboutCarr'sunbelievablestory,he
drovefromTennesseetoAlabamatogivetheyoungstudentaFordEscape.
Thebossforgaveacostlymistake.AdinerataBritishsteakhousehadastrokeofluckwhenhewasaccidentally
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servedanexpensivebottleofredwine.Insteadofblamingtheserverwhomadethemistake,assomemight,theboss
decidedtolaughitoff“Tothecustomerwhoaccidentallygotgivenabottleofwine,whichis£4,500lastnight,hope
youenjoyedyourevening!"thesteakhousetweeted."Totheserverwhoaccidentallygaveitaway,cheerup!Welove
youanyway.”
ThebossgavehisstaffafreetriptoHawaii.Imaginedrinkingacocktailonasunny,warmbeachwith500ofyour
closestemployees.That'showBrianScudamore,thefounderandCEOofhomeserviceproviderO2EBrands,choseto
spendhisvacationin2017.Backin2012,Scudamorepromisedhisemployeesthatiftheycoulddoublethecompany's
incomeinfiveyears,hewouldtakethemonanall—expenses—paid triptoHawaii.Needlesstosay,theyachieved
thegoal.
1．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTonyBennett?
A．Honest. B．Professional.
C．Wealthy. D．Generous.
2．WhydidthebossbuyanewcartoWalterCarr?
A．Tomakeuphislongwalk. B．Topraisehismovingaction.
C．Tosolvehisfinancialproblem. D．Tocallonotherstolearnfromhim.
3．WhydidthedinerataBritishsteakhouseenjoyexpensivewine?
A．Hegotitasareward. B．Helikeditverymuch.
C．Heacquireditbyaccident. D．Hemetwithagenerousboss.
【答案】1．D2．B3．
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了四位善待员工的老板的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“heturnedtheofferdownandrequestedthatthemoneygotohisstaffandthe
basketballprograminstead.What'smore,hedonated$500,000tothebasketballplayers.”TonyBennett得到了大幅加
薪，但出乎意料的是，他拒绝了，并要求把这笔钱给他的员工和篮球项目。此外，他还捐赠了50万美元给篮球
运动员。由此可知，TonyBennett很慷慨大度。故选D。
2．细节理解题。文章第二段中提到“hiscarbrokedown.Nobodycouldgivehimaridetowork,soCarrdecidedto
walkthe20-miIedistanceovernight.”在去公司的第一天，WalterCarr的车坏了， 他连夜步行20英里去上班。老
板听说了这个令人难以置信的故事后，给了一辆新车给WalterCarr是为了表扬他感人的行为。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“AdinerataBritishsteakhousehadastrokeofluckwhenhewasaccidentallyservedan
expensivebottleofredwine.”在一家英国牛排餐厅，由于服务员的错误，给用餐的人端上了一瓶昂贵的红酒。由
此可知，用餐者是偶然地机会享受了一瓶昂贵的红酒。故选C。
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3.
WildlifeinNewYorkCitytendstobeheadlinenews.Theseanimals'admirableabilitytolivewithhumansin
peacedrawsourattentionandsympathy.Yet,whatmostNewYorkersdon'tevenknowisthatanotheranimal,the
QuakerParrot,hasinvaded(入侵)thecitywithsurprisingresults.
QuakerparrotsoriginallycamefromthemildregionsofArgentinaandBrazil.Thedetailsrelatedtothebirds'
arrivaltotheU.S.havebecomeathingoflegend.Duringthe1960s,workersatJFKInternationalAirportreportedthat
theparrots—thenproductsofthepettrade—escapedfrombrokenshippingtrunks(箱子).Otherssaythebirdsescaped
fromtheirhomesorwereintentionallyreleasedbytheirowners,someofwhommayhavebeenunpreparedtodealwith
thebirds'unpleasantscreams.Eitherway,thebirdshavenowinfiltrated(渗透)allfivedistrictsinNewYorkwithinthe
lastfiveyears.They'vealsoexpandedintothelowerHudsonValleyandmajorcitiesaroundtheU.S.
Eachbirdisbornknowinghowtobuildanest,althoughthisskillisadjustedslightlywithageandexperience.The
birdsusetheirsoftfeettobuildthesefree-standingnestsinbetweentreeforks.Neststructurescangrowtothesizeofa
refrigerator,housingupto200pairsofbirds.Eachnestcanweighmorethanaton.
Unfortunately,theseparrots'uniquehabitofbuildingnestsonpublicfacilitiescancausetheirhomestocatchfire,
takingdowntheelectricalnetwork.ConEdison,NewYorkCity'senergyservicescompany,realizedabout14yearsago
thatthesenestswerebehindaseriesofPoweroutages(停电)inBrooklyn.Sothecompanypartnerswithwildlife
specialiststocarefullyremovenestsfromdangerousareasbeforetheybecomeasecurityrisk.
Despitethechallengestheseparrotspresentforthepublic,theyareoneofthefewinvasivespeciesstorieswitha
fairlyhappyoutcome.Theparrotsseemtoposenoriskofoverpopulatingtheneighborhoodoroutcompetingnative
speciesforfood.Andpublicservicecorporationsarrangespecialteamstokeepequipmentfreefrombirds,andthe
parrotshavebecomealargelywelcomedadditiontoNewYork'swildlifescene.
1．WhatdoweknowaboutQuakerparrotsaccordingtothepassage?
A．Theyhavecharmingvoices. B．TheyarefromSouthAmerica.
C．TheyareonlyactiveinNewYork. D．Theirnestslooklikearefrigerator.
2．What'sspecialaboutQuakerparrots?
A．Size. B．Screams.
C．Popularity. D．Nestbuilding.
【答案】1．B2．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种不明来历的鹦鹉无意中入侵到纽约城，出乎意料的是，鹦鹉受到了
人们的欢迎，它们在城市里生存了下来。
184/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“QuakerparrotsoriginallycamefromthemildregionsofArgentinaandBrazil.”
（这种鹦鹉最初是来自阿根廷和巴西），可知，阿根廷和巴西都属于南美洲，因此这种鹦鹉最初来自南美。故选
B。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段，“Unfortunately,theseparrots'uniquehabitofbuildingnestsonpublicfacilitiescan
causetheirhomestocatchfire,takingdowntheelectricalnetwork”（不幸的是，这些鹦鹉在公共设施上筑巢的独特
习惯可能会导致它们的房子着火，破坏电网），可知，这些鹦鹉的建巢习惯是独特的。故选D。
4.
GlennCunninghamandhisbrotherwereinchargeofheatingtheclassroomatschoolbeforetheteachersandother
studentswouldarrive.Butdisasterstruckonedaywhensomeoneaccidentallypouredgasolineinacontainerandan
explosiontookplace.
“Whentheylookedatmylegsthedoctorsthoughttheyshouldamputate(截肢)mylegsbecausetheysaidifIgot
aninfectionIwouldnotonlylosemyleg,butalsolosemylife,"heisquotedassayinginthebookAmericanMiler:
TheLifeandTimesofGlennCunningham.“EventhoughthedoctorssaidI'dneverwalk,theycouldn'tconvinceme
becauseIknewIwasgoingtobeabletowalkagain.”
Creamsandmassages(按摩)aidedhisrecoverybutitwasoverayearbeforehecouldwalkagain.“Myfamily
waswonderful,”hesaid.“Ihadlostallthefleshonmyknees.Yetmyfamilykeptchangingthedressingsand
massagingmylegs,thoughtherewaslittlemusclelefttomassage.EvenafterIwasabletostand,holdingontoeither
thebedorachair,aneighborkidsaid,‘Aw,youarenevergonnawalkagain!’ButbythenIknewthatnothingwas
goingtostopme.”
Histalentshonethroughearlywhenjustat12yearsofage,hehaddefeatedalltherunnersinhighschool.During
hissenioryearinhighschool,hecreatedanewstaterecordforthemile:clocking4:28.3inManhattan.Duringthe
1930s,hewontwoNationalCollegiateAthleticAssociationtitles.
Havingbuiltareputationasoneofthefinestrunnersinhiscountry,Cunninghamwouldgoontocompeteinthe
1,500-metereventatthe1932Olympics.Henarrowlymissedoutonamedalashefinishedfourth.Cunninghamwasat
hispeakbythetimehemadehissecondOlympicappearanceatBerlinin1936.Hedidnotdisappoint,settinganewUS
recordattheeventbyclocking3:48.4butfellshortofNewZealand'sJackLovelock.
Frombeingalmostcrippled(跛的)asachildtocreatingworldrecordsandgoingontowinamedalatthe
Olympics,Cunningham'scareerremainsaninspirationforathletes.
1．WhatwasCunninghamdoingwhentheaccidenthappened?
A．Readingabook. B．Heatingthecontainer.
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C．Greetingteachersandstudents. D．Warmingtheclassroom.
2．WhatdidthedoctorsthinkofCunningham'ssituation?
A．Hewouldlosehislifeifhelosthislegs. B．Hecouldgetaninfectionwhilebeingamputated.
C．Hehadtosacrificehislegstosurvive. D．Hehadagreatchanceofbeingabletowalkagain.
【答案】1．D2．C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个受到意外伤害的孩子，勇敢面对灾难，最终重新站立起来的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“GlennCunninghamandhisbrotherwereinchargeofheatingtheclassroomat
schoolbeforetheteachersandotherstudentswouldarrive.”（GlennCunningham 和他的哥哥负责在老师和同学们到
来之前给教室加热），可知，当爆炸发生的时候，GlennCunningham 正在教室里加热。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句，““Whentheylookedatmylegsthedoctorsthoughttheyshouldamputate(截
肢)mylegsbecausetheysaidifIgotaninfectionIwouldnotonlylosemyleg,butalsolosemylife,"”（当他们看到我
的腿时，医生们认为他们应该把我的腿截肢，因为他们说，如果我被感染，我失去的不仅仅是我的腿，还有我
的生命），可知，医生们建议Glenn Cunningham 应该把腿截肢。故选C。
5.
It'snosecretthatinhaling(吸入)smokeisbadforyourlungs.Butnow,scientistsaresuggestingsmokemayalso
carryandspreadinfectiousdiseases.Thetheory,publishedinScienceMagazine,isbasedonresearchthatfound
wildfiresmokeisteemingwiththousandsofspeciesofmicroorganisms.Someofthesemicroorganisms,including
bacteriaandfungalspores（真菌孢子）,areknowntocausedisease.
Thenewresearchsuggeststhatwhenawildfireburnsplantoranimalmatteranddisturbssoils,itexposes
thousandsofspeciesofbacteriaandfung（i 真菌）thatotherwisemightnoteasilybecomeairborne（空气传播的）.You
mightthinkthehighheatfromfirewouldkilltheseorganisms,butonestudycitedinthearticlefoundthatsome
bacteriaevenmultiplypost-fire.Scientistssaytheorganismslatchontosmokeparticulates（微粒）,allowingthemto
travelthousandsofmilesacrosscontinents.
Dr.PeterChen,directoroftheDivisionofPulmonaryandCriticalCareMedicineatCedars-SinaiMedicalCenter
inLosAngeles,is"intrigued"bythetheorybutsomewhatskepticalthatthemicroorganismsinsmokewouldactually
causeinfections.Manybacteriaandfungidon'tcauselunginfections,saysChen,butit'scertainlypossiblethata
significantamountcouldworsensymptomsinsomeonewithapre-existinglungcondition."Ialwaysthoughtitwasthe
particulatesinsmokethatwerecausingtheseissues,"saysChen,"ButwhenIreadthis,Istartedthinking:Coulditbe
themicroorganismsthatarealsoworseningexistingillness?"
Whetherthemicrobesinsmokeactuallycauseinfectionorsimplyworsenpotentialrespiratory（呼吸的） issues,
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thearticleraisesanewhealththreatthatis"certainlyalarming,"saysKelseyJack,anassociateprofessorof
environmentalanddevelopmenteconomics.Thisisespeciallytrueforlower-incomepopulations,Jacksays,because
peoplewithfewermeansareoftenmoreexposedtotheenvironment.Ifsmokeisaffectingtheairqualityinacertain
area,thepeoplewhoworkoutside,orwhohavetogototheofficeonfootorbybike,willinhalemoresmokethan
thosewhodrive.
Butuntilmoreresearchisdone,Chensaysthebestthingpeoplecandoisjustfollowexistingrecommendations
whenairqualityispoor—includingstayingindoors,keepingwindowsanddoorsclosed,usingHEPAfilters（过滤
器）andrunningairconditioning.
1．Whatcanweknowaboutthemicroorganismsfromparagraph2?
A．Theycouldbekilledbyhighheat
B．Theycouldpossiblytravelthroughairbythemselves
C．Theycouldreproduceinlargenumbersafterfires.
D．Theycaneasilyattachthemselvestosmokeparticulates
2．HowdomostmicroorganismsaffectpeopleaccordingtoDr.PeterChen?
A．Theywillcauseslunginfections.
B．Theymightworsenlungdisease
C．Theywilldestroylivingenvironments.
D．Theymightdamagerespiratorysystem
3．Whyarelow-incomepeoplesufferingmorethanothers?
A．Theyliveinpoorareas.
B．Theydrivetoandfromwork
C．Theyhavesufferedfromlungdisease
D．Theyareexposedtopollutedairmorefrequently.
【答案】1．C2．B3．D
【解析】本文是说明文。科学家通过研究发现烟雾也可能携带和传播传染病，当野火燃烧时，会散播数千种细
菌和真菌。文章介绍了这项发现，并给出了相应的建议。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Youmightthinkthehighheatfromfirewouldkilltheseorganisms,butonestudycited
inthearticlefoundthatsomebacteriaevenmultiplypost-fire.( 你可能认为来自火灾的高热会杀死这些生物，但一
篇文章引用的一项研究发现，有些细菌甚至会在大火后繁殖。)”可知，微生物在大火之后可能大量繁殖。故选
C。
187/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
2．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Manybacteriaandfungidon'tcauselunginfections,saysChen,butit'scertainly
possiblethatasignificantamountcouldworsensymptomsinsomeonewithapre-existinglungcondition.（许多细菌和
真菌不会引起肺部感染，陈说，但肯定有可能大量的细菌和真菌会使先前存在的肺部疾病的人的症状恶化。）”
可知，Peter陈认为微生物可能会让肺部感染恶化。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段的“This isespeciallytrueforlower-incomepopulations,Jacksays,becausepeoplewith
fewermeansareoftenmoreexposedtotheenvironment.（杰克说，这对低收入人群尤其如此，因为经济能力较差
的人往往更容易接触这样的环境。）”可知，低收入人群比别人遭受更多是因为他们更频繁地暴露在污染的空气
中。故选D。
专题 04 阅读理解 II：细节理解
考点 3 数字计算题
考点1事实细节题
细节理解题 考点2细节转换与是非判断题
考点3数字计算题
【考纲解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
要求考生阅读 4 篇短 主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意
文，从每题所给的 4 个选 和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细
考查
项中选出最佳选项。题材 节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解
主旨大意、
广泛，包括科普、社会、 全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑
细节理解、
文化、政治、经济等多方 方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要
推理判断、
面内容。体裁多样，以记 高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。
词义猜测、
叙文、议论文、说明文为 篇章结构
主。 等题型。
【剖析全国高考真题】
188/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
阅读理解II：细节理解 考点3数字计算题
1.A【·新高考全国II卷（海南卷）】
Pali OvernightAdventures offers childrenandteens excitingexperiences this summer.From broadcasting to street
art,thesearejust4ofthe17highlyuniquecampsbeingoffered.
BroadcastingCamp
Become the next star reporter, news writer, director or producer. While running every aspect of our own news
station, kids and their fellow campers will create and host a broadcast airing each night at dinner for the entire camp.
Everynightitgoesontheweb,keepingparentsandtheworldinformedofthehappeningsatPali.
SecretAgentCamp
In the movie Mission Impossible, Tom Cruise made being a secret agent seem like the coolest job ever. Campers
whosign upforthe 2-weeksecretagentcamp canget to know aboutthelife ofrealsecretagents bylearningstrategies
andmilitaryskillsonthepaintballfield.
CulinaryCamp
If your child enjoys beingin thekitchen, thenthe culinary camp is definitely theright fit. Campers learn technical
skillsofroasting,fryingandcutting,aswellassomerecipesthattheycantakehomeandsharewiththeirfamilies.
StreetArtCamp
This camp takes creative license to an entirely new level. Campers will share their colorful ideas and imagination
with each other and work together to visualize, sketch and paint with non-traditional techniques to create the coolest
mural（壁画）whichwillbedisplayedinpublicforalltosee.232
21.HowmanycampsdoesPaliOvernightAdventuresofferthissummer? （ ）
A.2. B.4. C.17. D.21.
【答案】21．C
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个不同类型的夏令营的情况。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Frombroadcastingtostreetart,thesearejust4ofthe17highlyuniquecampsbeing
offered.”可知从广播到街头艺术，这只是17个非常独特的营地中的4个。由此可知，今年夏天巴利岛有17个
露营地。故选C。
2.A【·全国新高考I山东卷】
POETRYCHALLENGE
Writeapoemabouthowcourage,determination,andstrengthhavehelpedyoufacechallengesinyourlife.
Prizes
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3GrandPrizes：TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner's
choice.Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the NationalAir and Space Museum
andtheofficeofNationalGeographicWorld.
6FirstPrizes：ThebookSkyPioneer：APhotobiographyofAmeliaEarhartsignedbyauthorCorinneSzaboand
pilotLindaFinch.
50HonorableMentions：Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirt
inmemoryofEarhart'sfinalflight.
Rules
Followallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.
■Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer.Yourpoemcanbeanyformat,anynumberoflines.
■Writebyhandortypeonasinglesheetofpaper.Youmayuseboththefrontandbackofthepaper.
■Onthesamesheetofpaper,writeortypeyourname,address,telephonenumber,andbirthdate.
■MailyourentrytousbyOctober31thisyear.188
1.Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip? （ ）
A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Six.
【答案】1.A
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。本文是一篇诗歌大赛的征稿启事。文章就参赛作品的内容、奖项、参赛规则
等做了介绍。
1.细节理解题。根据Prizes 部分中第一段中的“TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandone
otherpersonofthewinner'schoice”可知，每位获奖者都可以带一名家长和另一名由获奖者选择的人员。因此，每
位获奖者可以带两个人。故选A。
3.
AdmissiontoAngkor
Angkorpass
AdmissiontotheAngkorArchaeologicalParkisthroughtheAngkorpass.Thispassisneededtovisitanyofthe
templeswithinthepark.Itisvalid(有效的)forallmonumentsinthearea,exceptforBengMealeaandPhnomKulen.
Besuretohaveavalidpass,andticketsareregularlycheckedatmostofthemonumentsandatthecheckpoints.
WheretobuytheAngkorpass
ThemainticketsalesofficeistheAngkorConservationAreaticketboothonCharlesdeGaulleroad.AllAngkor
passesareavailablehere.Ticketboothsareopendailyfrom5a.m.to5:30p.m.Hotels,guesthouses,shopsetc.arenot
190/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
authorizedtosellAngkorpasses.
Typesofpasses
Passesforseveraldurationsareavailable:
◆1dayatUS$37
◆3daysatUS$62
◆7daysatUS$72
The3-dayticketisvalidforany3dayswithinaweek,the7-dayticketforany7dayswithinamonth.Admission
forchildrenyoungerthan12isfree.PricesarequotedinUSDollars,butcanalsobepaidinCambodianRiel,ThaiBaht
orEuro.
Theinformationboardattheticketboothsliststrictrules:
◆Passesarenotrefundable.
◆Passesarenottransferable.Thepasscontainsaphotothatistakenwithawebcamattheticketoffice.
◆Passesarenotvalidaftertheirvaliditydate.Passeshavevalidityfromandtodateprintedonthem.
Ticketsboughtbefore5p.m,arevalidthesameday.Itisnotpossibletobuyaone-daypassforthenextday.
Ticketsboughtafter5p.m.arevalidthesamedayuntilsunsetandthenextday.Makesurethepassisnotstampedor
holesaren'tpunched(打孔)intoit,whichinvalidatesit,
2．Howmuchshouldacouplewithan8-year-oldpayfora3-daytriptoAngkor?
A．US$74. B．US$124.
C．US$144. D．US$62.
【答案】2．B
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了到吴哥窟旅游购买和使用通行证的注意事项。
2．细节理解题。根据Typesofpasses部分的◆3daysatUS$62和Admissionforchildrenyoungerthan12isfree.
（3天62美元的门票和12岁以下儿童是免费的。）可知，成人的3天的旅程的费用是US$62，而12岁以下儿
童免费。所以一对夫妇带一个8岁孩子进行一个3天的旅行需要62+62=124。故选B。
4.
Millionsofpeoplearefamiliarwithif-snoring(打鼾).Thenumberoneannoyanceinthebedroomatnight.About
oneintwomenandoneinfourwomenofmiddleageoroldersnoresintheirsleep.Previouslydismissedasjustan
annoyingdisturbanceofthepeace,snoringisnowrecognizedasaserioussleepandhealthdisorder.Thesenightly
problemsinsleepcanevenbelife-threatening!
Whensnoring,loudbreathingnoisesoccurintheupperairwaysduringsleep,asloudasapassingtruck.That'sthe
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soundmanypeoplefallasleepto,Menover50yearsold,especiallysnore.Asmanyas60to80Percentinthisage
groupareaffected.
Nowthere'sarevolutionaryhelperthatimmediatelyimprovesnasal( 鼻的)breathingandcantherebyprevent
snoring.ItiscalledtheSilentSnore,anditsthefirstsmallandeasy-to-usedeviceforcombatingbothersomesnoring
noises.Tensofthousandsofpeoplehavealreadyusedthislittlewondertosleepbetterandmorepeacefullyatnight.
Andindeed-snoringcaneasilybecombatedwiththismethod!
TheSilentSnoregentlywidensthenostril(鼻孔)toreducerespiratory(呼吸系统)resistanceinthenoseinother
words,aircanflowbetterintothelungsthroughthenose.Assoonasthebodyregistersthatnasalbreathingisworking
withoutrestrictionagain,itunconsciouslyswitchesto(muchhealthier)nasalbreathing.Incontrasttothingslike
chinstraps,SilentSnoredocsnotdisturbyouwhileyousleep.
Thisingeniouslittledevicecontrolssnoringwhensleepingwithoutinterferingthenormalsleepcycle.Anormal
andhealthysleepcycleshouldincludeatleast25%atdeepsleep,byrelievingsnoringeffectively,stopdisturbingyour
sleepingpartnerimmediately,and/guaranteeyourbodyrestandregeneratewell.Youcanplaceyourorderonline
throughtheofficialwebsiteinChina.YourSilentSnorewillbedeliveredtoyourdoorstep.
2.Ifthereare24girlsinyourclass,howmanyofthemwillprobablysnorewhensleeping?
A.12 B.6
C.8 D.Wedon'tknow
【答案】 2.D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，首先文章介绍了打鼾的害处以及打鼾的人的年龄和数量。然后推出了防止打 鼾的
装置 SilentSnore，介绍了这款产品的功能。
2.细节理解题。文章第一段中 About one or two men and one in four women of middle age or older snores in their
sleep.（大约有一到两名男性和四分之一的中年或老年女性在睡梦中打鼾。）提到了中年以上的男人和女人打鼾
的比例，第二段中That'sthesoundmanypeoplefallasleepto,Menover50yearsold,especiallysnore.Asmanyas60
to80Percentinthisagegroupareaffected.（这是许多人睡觉时听到的声音，50岁以上的男人尤其喜欢打鼾。这
个年龄段有60%到80%的人受到影响。）提到了 50 岁以上的男人打鼾的比例，没有 提及高中阶段的女孩子。
因此不知道如果你们班有24个女生，有多少人会在睡觉的时候打鼾。故选D。
5.
UKisbecomingapopulardestinationforpeoplewhowishtostudyabroad.However,Britainisquitean
expensiveplacetostudyandlivein.Tuitionfeeshavenowreached£9,250ayearandstudentsalsofacesomeofthe
highestlivingcostsintheworld.
192/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
Fortunately,thereareanumberofcountrieswhereuniversitiesofferdegreeprogramsentirelyinEnglish,along
withthechancetolearnthelocallanguagewhileyoulivethere.Herearethreeoftheoptions.
TianjinUniversity
MovingtoChinaisnotforthefaint-hearted.UndergraduatedegreecoursesatTianjinlastfouryears.Livingcosts
areonlyaround£400amonthandtuitionfeesare£2,300ayear.Flightswillcost£3,600overthefouryears.Thetotal
cost,at£28,800,isstillaroundhalfthatofathree-yeardegreeinBritain.Tianjinisoneoftheworld'slatestcitiesand
isonlyahalf-hourtrainridefromBeijing.ThreeundergraduateprogramsareofferedinEnglish:ChemicalEngineering,
Environment&EnergyandPharmaceuticalScience.
UniversityofAmsterdam
TheDutchcapitalisnotacheapcitytolivein,butstandardtuitionfeesof£1,800ayearmakeitsignificantly
cheaperthanaBritishdegree.Thereare14bachelor'sdegreesonofferthataretaughtinEnglish,includingPolitical
Science,Economics&BusinessEconomicsandActuarialScience.NearlyallDutchpeoplespeakEnglish,makingitan
easycountrytogetbyin.
UniversityofMilan
TheUniversityofMilan'sfeesrangefrom£140to£3,650ayear.Theonebachelor'sdegreeofferedentirelyin
English―PoliticalScienceisathree-yearcourse.WhilelivingcostsinMilanarehigh,thesignificantlylowerfees
makeitacheaperoptionthanaBritishuniversity.
1.Whatisprobablythetotalcostofathree-yeardegreeinBritain?
A.£14,400 B.£27,750
C.£28,800 D.£57,600
【答案】1.D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个学费和消费都比英国低的完全用英语授课且提供学位课程的几个大
学。
1.细节理解题。根据第三段的Thetotalcost,at£28,800,isstillaroundhalfthatofathree-yeardegreeinBritain
可知，在英国学习三年的花费是57600英镑，故选D。
193/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【精讲研法】
阅读理解II：细节理解 考点3数字计算题
【做题实践中找规律】
【例1】
OptionalToursinLangkawi
LineOne
(Mangrovetoursandeaglefeeding)
Catchexcitingmovementandmagnificentviewsofhoweaglestrytogettheirfoodskillfullyatkilimriver
mangrovejunglesafarivisitlimestonebatscaveandhavelunchonfloatingrestaurant.
Price:adultrateRM160.00/personchildrate(age3—12yrs)RM120.00/personinfant(below3yrs)free
Time:9:00am—14:00pm
LineTwo
(Snorkelingandbabysharkfeeding)
PulauPayarmarineparkwithspectacularcoralsandcolorfultropicalmarinelifeisoneofthemostbeautifuland
exoticmarineparksinMalaysia.
Price:adultrateRM220.00/personchildrate(age3—12yrs)RM150.00/personinfant(below3yrs)free
Time8:00am—17:00pm
LineThree
(DaycruisearoundLangkawiarchipelago)
Experienceswimmingamongfishesandviewspectacularcoralsandexoticmarinelife.
Price:adultrateRM450.00/personchildrate(age3—12yrs)RM350.00/personinfant(below3yrs)free
Time9:00am—17:00pm
LineFour
(Amazingsunsetcocktailanddinnercruise)
ExperiencetheamazingsunsetsceneryaroundtheAndamanseawhilehavingcocktailanddinner.
Price:adultrateRM350.00/personchildrate(age3—12yrs)RM250.00/personinfant(below3yrs)free
Time16:00pm—21:00pm
2．Howmuchshouldacouplepayforadaycruisewiththeir3-year-oldkid?
A．RM450.00. B．RM800.00. C．RM900.00. D．RM1250.00.
【答案】2．D
194/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍四条游览Langkawi的路线情况，介绍其特点和价格等信息。
2．细节理解题。根据LineThree部分中“Experienceswimmingamongfishesandviewspectacularcoralsandexotic
marinelife.；Price:adultrateRM450.00/personchildrate(age3—12yrs)RM350.00/personinfant(below3yrs)
free(体验与鱼类一起游泳，观赏壮观的珊瑚和奇异的海洋生物。价格：成人价每人450RM；3—12岁儿童每人
350RM；3岁以下到婴儿免费)”可知，一对夫妇带着他们3岁的孩子玩一天游船要花450+450+350=RM1250。
故选D。
2.
TheOECDisaglobaleconomicforumworkingwith38membercountries(includingUK,US,Canada,
Australia,Belgium,etc.)andmorethan100emerginganddevelopingeconomiestomakebetterpoliciesforbetterlives.
Ourmissionistopromotepoliciesthatwillimprovetheeconomicandsocialwell-beingofpeoplearoundtheworld.
Weprovideauniqueforuminwhichgovernmentsworktogethertoshareexperiencesonwhatdriveseconomic,social
andenvironmentalchanges,seekingsolutionstocommonproblems.
Weaimtoimproveourefficiencyandeffectiveness;staffmembersareencouragedtoactivelycontributetothis
goal.
WhatdoYoungProfessionalsdo?
TheYoungProfessionalsProgram(YPP)bringstalentedyoungprofessionalsintotheOECDtoworkanddevelop
theircareerwiththeguidanceofseniorcolleagues.
TheProgramlaststwoyearsduringwhichourYoungProfessionals(YPs)workwithexperiencedandenthusiastic
people,representativesofarichdiversityofcultures,languagesandprofessionalbackgrounds.
TheyworkwithseniornationalpolicymakerswhoparticipateintheOECD'stechnicalandpolicymeetings
eachyear.
AreyouanidealcandidateforthisProgram?
First,tobequalified,youmustsatisfythese2criteria:
•bebornonorafter30September1989(exceptionswillbemadefornationalsofOECD
membercountrieswhichhavecompulsorymilitaryservice）
•haveanOECDmembercountrynationality
Thenyoushouldhave:
•anadvancedacademicdegreeinasubjectofrelevancetotheOECD'swork
•aminimumoftwoyears’fulltimeprofessionalexperienceinrelatedfieldsforcandidateswithMaster'sdegree
195/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
（s）
•strongquantitativeandanalyticalskillsdemonstratedbyacademicachievement
•knowledgeofcountrypoliciesandinstitutionsandanunderstandingofpoliticalandreformprocesses
Formoreinformation,pleasecontactusatwww.oecd.org/social-media.
3．WhoisqualifiedtoapplyforYPP?
A．A26-year-oldAmericanaccountant.
B．A34-year-oldCanadiandoctor.
C．A31-year-oldeconomicsPHD．
D．A35-year-oldAustralianteacher.
【答案】3．A
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要内容是经合组织招贤纳士的广告。
3．细节理解题。根据AreyouanidealcandidateforthisProgram?部分的“bebornonorafter30September1989”
（1989年9月30日或之后出生）和“aminimumoftwoyears’fulltimeprofessionalexperienceinrelatedfieldsfor
candidateswithMaster'sdegree（s）”（硕士学位候选人在相关领域至少两年的全职专业工作经验）可知，年龄
需要小于31（-1989）周岁，且有工作经验。A项：26岁的美国会计师。符合要求。故选A。
3.
●WestTown
TheChicagoPublicLibrary(CPL)encourageslifelonglearningbywelcomingallpeopleandofferingequalaccess
toinformation,entertainmentandknowledgethroughmaterials,programsandevents.Eachyear,ChicagoPublic
LibraryrecommendstheBestoftheBest,CPL’sselectionsoftheverybestbookspublishedthatyear.
●Hours
Monday:10:00am–6:00pm
Tuesday:12:00pm–8:00pm
Wednesday:10:00am–6:00pm
Thursday:12:00pm–8:00pm
Friday:9:00am–5:00pm
Saturday:9:00am–5:00pm
Sunday:Closed
●Holidays&Closures
AllStaffInstituteDay:Thursday,April30, ClosedAllDay
196/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
MemorialDay:Monday,May25, ClosedAllDay
IndependenceDay:Saturday,July4, ClosedAllDay
LaborDay:Monday,September7, ClosedAllDay
Thanksgiving:Thursday,November26, ClosedAllDay
Christmas:Friday,December25, ClosedAllDay
●Address&Contact
1625W.ChicagoAvenueChicagoIL60622
Phone:(312)743-0450
Email:westtownchipublib.org
●GetaLibraryCard
Gettingalibrarycardiseasy–andit’sfree!PleasevisitanyCPLlocationtofilloutanapplication.
Current,validIDwithname,photoandChicagoaddressisrequired.
●Facilities
After-hoursbookreturn Bikerack
Computers Meetingroom Wi-Fi Parkinglot Scanner
●UpcomingEventsatWestTown
DesignChallengeDay
Description:Areyouupforachallenge?Dropinandtacklesomedesignchallengesusingsuppliesprovidedby
thelibrary.Prizeswillbeawardedforthemostcreativesubmissions.
Suitablefor:KidsandTeens
Time:Tuesday,March24,,5:00pm–6:00pm
FilmScreening:TheZookeeper’sWife(2017)
Description:JointheWestTownbranchforascreeningofTheZookeeper’sWife. Amarriedcouplewhoworkas
zoocaretakershelpsaveJewishpeoplefromtheNazi’sHolocaust.
Suitablefor:AdultsandTeens
Time:Tuesday,March31,,5:30pm–7:30pm
1．WhencanpeoplegoandreadinChicagoPublicLibrary?
A．11:00am,April29,. B．2:00pm,May25,.
C．9:00am,July5,. D．6:00pm,November26,.
【答案】1．A
197/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【解析】本文为应用文。文章是一则芝加哥公共图书馆的告示，提到了图书馆的开放时间、节假日安排情况、
借书证的办理要求以及即将举行的活动情况。
1．细节理解题。根据“Hours”部分中“Thursday:12:00pm-8:00pm(星期四：中午十二点到下午八点)”可知D选
项“年11月26日星期四下午6点”不能去看书；“Sunday:Closed(周末：休息)”可知C选项“年7月5日星期日上
午9点”这个时间不能去看书；根据“Holidays&Closures”部分中“MemorialDay:Monday,May25,(阵亡将士纪念
日：年5月25日，星期一)”可知B选项“年5月25日星期一下午2点”不能去看书。所以人们只有在A选项“年
4月29日星期三上午11点”这个时间可以去芝加哥公共图书馆读书。故选A项。
规律方法：如何解决数字计算题？
先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。
1、仔细阅读文字说明部分，准确把握图表信息。
2、仔细分析题干，抓牢关键词。
3、运用数学公式计算，注意巧算。
【变式精讲】
1.
AilCharmstoYou—CharmSchoolisComing!
OurMission
Beautifytheworldbyhelpingtoreachyourpotential!Wewillfocusonthebodyandspiritneededtobecomea
well-roundedindividual.Throughmotivating,encouragingandtraining,wehavechangedthelivesof1,000pluseager
youngminds,aged4—15.Ourclassesprimarilyfocusonmannersandetiquette,withacademicsubjectssecondary.
Ouraimistomakeyoupresentablebothinsideandoutsideandprepareyouforentryintosociety.
"ElegantLadies"ClassOverview
•Engageinartisticlessonsincludingbutnotlimitedtosixdifferentdancestyles.
•Styleyourhairinvariousways.
•Takeyoursewingtothenextlevelandseehoweasyitistocreateaconstructeddress.
•Mastertheartofteaceremony.
•Practicedailyconversationsinaforeignlanguage.
“HonorableGentlemen"ClassOverview
•Learngoodmannersandconversationalskillsinsocialcontext.
•Maintainreasonabledresscodestandards.
•Buildacharmingcharacterandthefutureleadershipatschool.
198/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
•Mastertime-managementstrategies.Learnhowtodomultitaskingtime-saving.
•Becomeanexcellentgolferinyoursparetime.
•Learntomakesafesmalltalkwithaforeignerinclass.
Costs
Tuitions： Earlybirds(beforeDec.]) ： $9,000Regular： $10,000
BlackSlip-OnJazzShoes(pricevaries)
CharmJacket:$15/$25/$60
•Allfeesstatedabovearenotdueuponregistering.Forexample,jacketfeesareusuallyduethethirdweekofthe
session.
•Weprovidehealthylunchforenergysupport.Ourlunchisnotyourordinary"schoolboxlunch",butinstead,
fulfillingandheartymeals.
•Withnewapplicants,weofferaone-timebrieffree-of-chargephoneconsultationwithourexperts.Thisgivesus
theopportunitytogettoknowyoubetterandallowsyoutobringupanyquestionsyoumayhave.
•Clickhereformanyfreeprintablematerial.
3．Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectinformationaboutcosts?
A．Theshoesandjacketcost$15intotal.
B．Allfeeshavetobepaidwhenyouregister.
C．Thelunchandconsultationsarefreeofcharge.
D．Thetuitionshavea10%discountifyousignupearly.
【答案】3．D
【解析】本文是应用文。文章是一则广告。介绍了一所礼仪学校的主要任务，授课内容，费用以及其它一些相
关情况。
3．细节理解题。根据Costs部分的“Tuitions： Earlybirds(beforeDec.]) ： $9,000Regular： $10,000”可知，早
报名注册可以打折10%。故选D。
2.
ThenumberofBritishstudentsgoingtoUSuniversitieshasbeenclimbingsteadilyoverthepastdecade.Thelatest
availablefigures(from2017-)show11,460BritishstudentsarechoosingtostudyinUS.Thisrepresentsasmalldrop
(0.3%)fromthepreviousyear,showingthatAmericandegreesremainapopularchoice.
AmongthemostpopularAmericanuniversitiesforBritishstudentsare,Harvard,Yale,Princeton,Stanfordand
alsoinstitutionswithconvenientlocation--NewYorkUniversityinNewYorkCity,ortheUniversityofSouthern
199/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
CaliforniainLosAngeles,forexample.
Twofactorsmotivateyoungpeopletoheadwestforuniversities:academicopportunityandtheincreasing
availabilityoffinancialaidforforeignstudents.AnthonyNemecek,aneducationexpert,explains,“Whilethereare
manyreasonsBritishstudentsconsiderhighereducationstudyintheUS,themainreasonisthewiderangeofchoice
onoffer,bothsubjectsandinstitutions,aswellasnothavingtodecidetheir*major/course'untiltheendofthesecond
year."
OnereasonwhytheBritsmaybeunwillingtopursueaUSdegreeisthecost.TheUniversityofOxford,for
example,estimateslivingcostsoff14,850in,alongwithcoursefeesoff9,250,soatotaloff24,100.The
MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),aworld-leadingspecialistinscience,costs$73,160(£59,447;morethan
twiceasmuchasOxford),butmoststudentsatMITwillgetfinancialaid.MITishometoafinancialaidprogramfor
internationalstudents,makingitagreatplacetoapplyifmoneyisnotenough.
4．HowmanyBritishstudentswenttoUSuniversitiesin2016-2017?
A．11,495. B．11,460.
C．11,425. D．14,898.
【答案】4．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英国学生要去就读美国大学的原因。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thelatestavailablefigures(from2017-)show11,460Britishstudentsarechoosing
tostudyinUS.Thisrepresentsasmalldrop(0.3%)fromthepreviousyear,showingthatAmericandegreesremaina
popularchoice.（最新数据(2017- 年)显示，11460名英国学生选择去美国学习。这比前一年下降了0.3%，表明
美国学位仍然是一个受欢迎的选择。）”可知，11460名学生是去年的0.997倍。2016-2017年美国大学的英国留
学生是11495名，故选A项。
3.
NationalSpaceCenter,Leicester
Aninteractivemuseumofsuper-sizespaceexperiences:fromagiantplanetEarthyoucantouchtotheUK’s
biggestdomedplanetarium(穹顶天文台)anda42-meterrockettower.Youcan’tmissthelatterasyoudriveinto
Leicester—thestructurelookslikeit’swrappedingiantinflatablepillows.Inside,ithousesBlueStreakandThorAble
rockets.Takeinthefullscaleofthembyridingaglass-sidedliftuptotheviewingplatform.Elsewhere,therearesix
gallerieswithplentyofbuttonstopressandscreenstotouch.It’sallundercoversoit’sagoodplacetovisitonarainy
day!
Whataboutlunch?
200/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
TheBoostersCafeservesreasonablypricedhotandcoldsnacksanddrinks(hotdogfrom ￡4.95,plusjacket
potatoes,soups,sandwichesandsalads)atthefootofthecenter’stworocketsThecafeoffersvegetarianandvegan
optionstoo.
Gettingthere
Thereisaregularbusservice(No.54withastoptwominutes’walkfromthecenter,aswellasaparkandride
servicefromBirstall.EastMidlandsTrainsandCross-CountryTrainsoperateservicestoLeicesterstation,fromwhich
thecenterisa25-minutebusride.Ifdriving,it’sjustofftheA6,northofthecitycenter.Parkingis ￡3fortheday.
Valueformoney
It’snotcheap-adult: ￡15,5to16-year-olds: ￡12,butonceyou’vepaidyoucanrevisitasmanytimesasyou
wantinayear,andadmissionisfreeforkidsunderfive.
Openinghours
10am—4pmMondaytoFriday,10am—5pmweekendsandschoolholidays.
3．Ifacouplewanttotaketheirdaughteraprimaryschoolstudent,and15-year-oldsontothespacecenter,howmuch
willtheyspendonthetickets?
A．￡45. B．￡57. C．￡42. D．￡54
【答案】3．D
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章对于参观莱斯特国家航天中心的游览项目、午餐、到达方式、门票价格以及开
放时间进行了介绍。
3．细节理解题。根据Valueformoney部分It’snotcheap-adult: ￡15,5to16-year-olds: ￡12,butonceyou’vepaid
youcanrevisitasmanytimesasyouwantinayear,andadmissionisfreeforkidsunderfive.（这并不便宜——成人：
15英镑，5至16岁的孩子：12英镑，但一旦你付了钱，你可以在一年内任意多次重访，5岁以下的儿童免费入
场）可知如果一对夫妇想带着女儿一个小学生，和15岁的儿子去太空中心，他们需要买票花费：15+15+12+12=54。
故选D。
201/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
专题 阅读理解 ：推理判断
05 III
考点 1 引申推断题
考点1 引申推断题
考点2文章来源题
考点3读者对象题
推理判断题
考点4观点态度题
考点5预测推断题
考点6目的意图题
【考纲解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
要求考生阅读 4 篇短 主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意
文，从每题所给的 4 个选 和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细
考查
项中选出最佳选项。题材 节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解
主旨大意、
广泛，包括科普、社会、 全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑
细节理解、
文化、政治、经济等多方 方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要
推理判断、
面内容。体裁多样，以记 高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。
词义猜测、
叙文、议论文、说明文为 篇章结构
主。 等题型。
【剖析全国高考真题】
阅读理解III：推理判断题 考点1 引申推断题
1.B【·浙江卷】
ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue,Washington,generallydon'tflashthesamelengthof
greentwiceinarow,especiallyatrushhour.At9:30am,thefullred/yellow/greensignalcyclemightbe140seconds.
By9:33am,aburstofadditionaltrafficmightpushitto145seconds.Lesstrafficat9:37amcouldpushitdownto135.
202/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.
Thatisbydesign.Bellevue,afast-growingcityjusteastofSeattle,usesasystemthatisgainingpopularityaround
theUS:intersection(十字路口)signalsthatcanadjustinrealtimetotrafficconditions.Theselights,knownasadaptive
signals,haveledtosignificantdeclinesinboththetroubleandcostoftravelsbetweenworkandhome.
“Adaptivesignalscanmakesurethatthetrafficdemandthatisthereisbeingaddressed,”saysAlexStevanovic,a
researcheratFloridaAtlanticUniversity.
ForallofBellevue’ssuccess,adaptivesignalsarenotacure-allforjammedroadways.KevinBalke,aresearch
engineerattheTexasA&MUniversityTransportationInstitute,saysthatwhilesmartlightscanbeparticularly
beneficialforsomecities,othersaresojammedthatonlyasharpreductioninthenumberofcarsontheroadwillmake
ameaningfuldifference.“It’snotgoingtofixeverything,butadaptivesignalshavesomebenefitsforsmallercities,”he
says.
InBellevue,theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessoninthevalueofwelcomingnewapproaches.Inthe
past,therewasoftenanautomaticreactiontoincreasedtraffic:justwidentheroads,saysMarkPoch,theBellevue
TransportationDepartment’strafficengineeringmanager.Nowhehopesthatothercitieswillconsidermakingtheir
streetsrunsmarterinsteadofjustmakingthembigger.
26．WhatdoesKevinBalkesayaboutadaptivesignals?
A．Theyworkbetteronbroadroads.
B．Theyshouldbeusedinothercities.
C．Theyhavegreatlyreducedtrafficontheroad.
D．Theyarelesshelpfulincitiesseriouslyjammed.
27．WhatcanwelearnfromBellevue’ssuccess?
A．Itisrewardingtotrynewthings. B．Theoldmethodsstillworktoday.
C．Ipaystoputtheoryintopractice. D．Thesimplestwayisthebestway.
【答案】26．D27．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。美国华盛顿州的Bellevue采用了能随交通状况而调节交通灯时间的适应性信
号灯，大大缓解了交通压力，也表明人们对于交通阻塞问题不再只是拓宽道路，而是能够采用新方法。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中“adaptivesignalsarenotacure-allforjammedroadways(但自适应信号并不
是解决拥堵道路的万能药)”及第二句中“othersaresojammedthatonlyasharpreductioninthenumberofcarson
theroadwillmakeameaningfuldifference(其他城市交通堵塞如此严重，只有减少道路上的车辆才能起有意义的
作用)”可推知，KevinBalke认为适应性信号灯对于交通堵塞很严重的城市没有太大帮助。故选D项。
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27．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significantdeclines in
boththetroubleandcostoftravelsbetweenworkandhome.(这些灯，被称为适应性信号灯，已经大大减少了通勤的
麻烦和花费)”最后一段第一句“InBellevue,theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessoninthevalueofwelcoming
new approaches.(在 Bellevue，对适应性信号灯的转变是一个在欢迎新方法的价值方面的榜样)”可推知，从
Bellevue的成功中可以得出，尝试新事物是值得的。故选A项。
2.C【·浙江卷】
Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelp
yourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.
ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereover
age75andassessedthevolunteers’memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,the
scientistsaskedthesamegrouptocomebacktothelabevery18monthstotakethesamesortsoftests.
Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating(刺激),demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthe
tests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive(认知)functionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentally
challengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants’overallhealthstatus.
“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,”saysFranciscaThen,wholedthestudy.“Afteralongrun,youmayfeel
likeyou’reinpain,youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork-sure,youwillfeeltired,butitcan
helpyourbrainstayhealthy.”
It'snotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidworkthatcanhelpkeepyourbrainfit,Thenpointsout.Awaiter’sjob,for
example,thatrequiresmultitasking,teamworkanddecision-makingcouldbejustasstimulatingasanyhigh-leveloffice
work.And“runningafamilyhouseholdrequireshigh-levelplanningandcoordinating(协调),”shesays.“Youhaveto
organizetheactivitiesofthechildrenandtakecareofthebillsandgroceries.”
Ofcourse,ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons-includingotherenvironmentalinfluencesor
geneticfactors.Still,continuingtochallengeyourselfmentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.304
29．HowdoesFranciscaThenexplainherfindingsinparagraph4?
A．Byusinganexpert’swords. B．Bymakingacomparison.
C．Byreferringtoanotherstudy. D．Byintroducingaconcept.
【答案】29．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。《神经病学》杂志发布的一则研究显示，需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其
他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。
29．推理判断题。根据第四段中FranciscaThen说的话“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,( 这就像体育锻炼一
204/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
样有效。)”及接下来进一步的解释“长跑后人就会感到痛苦和疲惫，但它确实能强身健体。工作一天下来会感到
劳累，但这也使你的大脑处于健康状态”可知，FranciscaThen是通过与“身体锻炼”作比较来解释他的发现的。
故选B项。
3.B【·全国新高考II山东卷】
Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing
degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the
firstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor'sdegree.
Mauer,ofEdgar,Wisconsin,grew uponafarm inafamily of10children.Her dadworked atajob awayfromthe
farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids.After high school, Jennifer attendeda localtechnicalcollege, working
to pay her tuition（学费）, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.After graduation, she
workedtohelphersistersandbrotherspayfortheirschooling.
Jennifernowismarriedandhasthreechildrenofherown.Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvancehercareer
and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire
program atMinistry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield becauseshe was able to pursue herfour-year degree closeto
home.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.Jeniferreceivedgreatsupportfromher
family as she worked to car her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother
helpedtakecareofthechildrenattimes.
Throughitall, sheremainedingood academicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors. Jennifersacrificed（牺牲）to
achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. “Some nights my heart
wasbreakingtohavetopickbetweenmykidsandstudyingforexams orpapers,”shesays.However,herchildrenhave
learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an
inspirationtoherfamily-andthat'sprettypowerful.
7.WhatcanwelearnfromJenifer'sstory? （ ）
A.Timeismoney. B.Lovebreaksdownbarriers.
C.Hardworkpaysoff. D.Educationisthekeytosuccess.
【答案】7.C
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己的努
力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩
子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。
7.C推理判断题。根据最后一段的Throughitall,sheremindingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.(虽
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然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业)和However,herchildrenhavelearnedan
important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to
her family-and that’s the pretty powerful.(然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到了重要的一课。
Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励——这是非常强大的。)可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中
通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可
以从Jennifer的故事中学到：努力总会有回报。C.Hardworkpaysoff.(努力会得到回报)符合以上说法，故选C
项。
4.D【·全国新高考II山东卷】
AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsof
oureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoid
eatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.
Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95
undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly(表面上)participateinastudyaboutmovie
viewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchers
grabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspecially
designedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.
Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit,takingmore
foodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.
Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase,she
took30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandy
whenthethinactortook30pieces.
Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellow
participantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe“I’llhavewhatshe'shaving”effect.However,we'lladjustthe
influence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I'llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseating
habits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?
14．Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?
A．Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.
B．Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.
C．Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.
D．Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.
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15．Onwhatbasisdowe“adjusttheinfluence”accordingtothelastparagraph?
A．Howhungryweare. B．Howslimwewanttobe.
C．Howweperceiveothers. D．Howwefeelaboutthefood.
【答案】14．A15．C
【解析】本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。文
章详述了这个实验的过程。
14．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwo
experiments”可知， 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容
可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。 然而，当演员
是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I’llholdbackabitbecauseI
seetheresults ofhis eatinghabits.Butif athinpersoneatsalot, I’llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,why
can’tI?”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个
瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看
法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。
5.B【·全国新课标I】
Returningtoabookyou’vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There’sawelcomefamiliarity
-butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon’t
change,peopledo.Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.
Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.It’s
true,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreading,it’sallaboutthepresent.It’saboutthenowand
whatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopulltheir
ownweight.
TherearethreebooksIrereadannuallyThefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspringisEmestHemningway’sA
MoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶
醉的)，anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard’sHolytheFirm,her
poetic1975ramble(随笔)abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar’sSaveTwilight:Selected
Poems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortazar.
WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachto
them.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighest
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currencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it’syou
thathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.
24．Whydoestheauthorlikerereading?
A．Itevaluatesthewriter-readerrelationship.
B．It’sawindowtoawholenewworld.
C．It’sasubstitutefordrinkingwithafriend.
D．Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.
25．WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeas!?
A．It’sabriefaccountofatrip.
B．It’saboutHemingway’slifeasayoungman.
C．It’sarecordofahistoricevent.
D．It’saboutHemingway’sfriendsinParis.
26．Whatdoestheunderlinedword ＂currency＂ inparagraph4referto?
A．Debt
B．Reward.
C．Allowance.
D．Facevalue.
27．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?
A．Helovespoetry.
B．He’saneditor.
C．He’sveryambitious.
D．Heteachesreading.
【答案】24．D25．B26．B27．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者
鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“Butbooksdon’tchange,peopledo.Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereading
sorichandtransformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二段“The
beautyofrereadingliesinthatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentregister.Itistrue,theolderIget,the
moreIfeeltimehaswings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年
纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。
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25．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.”及“anagingwriter
lookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的
经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出AMovableFeast是关于海明威
年轻时的生活。故选B项。
26．词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”
可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareader
canpaythem.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。
故选B项。
27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save Twilight: selected poems, because
poetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢
这本书。故选A项。
6.C【·全国新课标II】
Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’t
crossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(时装)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmade
fromnutria(海狸鼠).
UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhave(showcased)nutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferent
styles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlands
everyyear”,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.
ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.Someofthefurendsupinthe
fashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.
NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdownthere
can’thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物种).It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.It’sthemorus.”saysMichaelMassimi,an
expertinthisfield.
Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，the
cat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.
BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvincepeople
thatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartof
Mouton’sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.
Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.Morgansays，”Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycan
wearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-1thinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”
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DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforher
creationsismorallyacceptable.Shetryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitis
eco-friendly.318
31．WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?
A．It’sformal. B．It’srisky. C．It’sharmful. D．It’straditional.
【答案】31．B
【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海
狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示
了担忧。
31．推理判断题。根据第二段 Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt –free option that they can wear
withoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleastinNewYork.” 得知，为了
给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩
根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。
7.B【·全国新课标III】
When"RiseofthePlanetoftheApes"wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimalactivists
gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars. Instead,
oneactivist, dressed in afull-body monkey suit, hadarrived with a sign praisingthe filmmakers: "Thanks fornotusing
realapes(猿)!"
The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals,
spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor’s performance and later processes it with
computergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.
Yet"Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately.One nonprofit
organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000
productions this year. Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part Ⅱ" and
"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.
In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s the
off-settraining andlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.Andtherearequestionsaboutthefilms madeoutsidethe
States,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheSates.241
27.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactors?
A.Theymaybebadlytreated.
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B.Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.
C.Theycouldbetradedillegally
D.Theywouldlosepopularity.
【答案】27.A
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好
莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造
技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐待动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不
能够被监测到的。
27.推理判断题。根据最后一段Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathas
activists worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns.And there are questions about
the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the Sates.”
（在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和生活条件。还有一些关
于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严密的监控。）可知，在某些情
况下，让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能
受到虐待。故选A项。
【精讲研法】
阅读理解III：推理判断 考点1引申推断题
【做题实践中找规律】
1.
Whenitcomestounderstandinghowanotherpersonthinksandfeels,itmightbebesttocloseyoureyesandlisten.
AstudybyMichaelKraus,asocialpsychologistatYaleUniversity,suggeststhatpeoplearebetterabletopickupon
theemotionsofotherswhensimplyfocusingontheirvoice,comparedwithbothwatchingandlisteningtothem,orjust
watchingthem.
ThestudywaspublishedinthejournalAmericanPsychologist.Itdescribedaseriesoffiveexperimentsinvolving
morethan1,770participantswhowereaskedtoratehowanotherpersonfeltusingaseriesofscenesreflectingdifferent
emotions.Amongtheexperiments,266strangerswerepairedup.TheywereaskedtodiscussfilmandTVthenfood
anddrinkinbothalightedroomandaroomwiththelightsoff.Ineachcase,participantsthenratedtheirownemotions
andthoseoftheirpartneronaseriesofscenes.Theresultsrevealedthatparticipantswerebetterabletoaccurately
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estimatetheirpartner’sfeelingswhenthelightswereoff.
RayWilkinson,professorofhumancommunicationattheUniversityofSheffield,saidthatthestudywas
interesting.Buthenotedthatthefindingswerebasedanexperimentalsituationsthatmightnotreflect“reallife”
interactions,Wilkinsonadded,“Whilethecontentofaperson'sspeechis,unsurprisingly,important,otherresearches
havefoundthatgesturescanhelptogetapointacross.”
Wilkinsoncontinuedwiththeideathatthe“true”emotionisproblematic.Asverbalandfacialcues(暗示)might
offeradifferentmessage,whichthusleadstoadifferentemotion,theso-called“true”emotioncanbepartofwhatwe
arewantingtoconvey.Inotherwords,itdependswhatthe‘true’emotionis,forthatinitselfcanbearather
controversialconcept.
1．WhatisRayWilkinson'sattitudetowardstheresearch?
A．Tolerant. B．Ambiguous.
C．Favorable. D．Skeptical.
2．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?
A．Thetrueemotioncanbeeasilyjudged.
B．Facialcueswillconveythetrueemotion.
C．Verbalcuescandefinitelyshowthetrueemotion.
D．Thetrueemotionmaynotbereflectedthoroughly.
【答案】1．D2．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了耶鲁大学社会心理学家迈克尔·克劳斯的一项研究表明，人们如果仅仅
关注他人的声音，就能更好地了解他人的情绪，但我们无法去定义“真正”的感情。
1．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Buthenotedthatthefindingswerebasedanexperimentalsituationsthatmight
notreflect“reallife”interactions.（但他也指出，这些发现是基于实验情境，可能并不能反映“现实生活”的互动。）”
可推断，RayWilkinson对这项研究持怀疑态度。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Asverbalandfacialcues(暗示)mightofferadifferentmessage,whichthusleads
toadifferentemotion,theso-called“true”emotioncanbepartofwhatwearewantingtoconvey.（由于语言和面部线
索可能提供不同的信息，从而导致不同的情绪，所谓的“真实”情绪可能是我们想要传达的内容的一部分。）”可
推断，真实的情感可能不会被彻底地反映出来。故选D项。
2.
Evenwithwonderfulfriends,familyandapartner,Idon'talwayswanttobesurroundedbypeople.“Tableforone?
Orwillsomeoneelsebejoiningyou?”Adinnerreservationforonepersonneverfailstoraiseafeweyebrows.I
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activelychoosetospendtimealonewhenpossible.Butnoteveryonehastheluxuryofchoosingtobealone,ofcourse,
manyareforcedintoone-on-onetimebecausetheyhavenoone.
Butforthoseofuswhospendourdayssurroundedbycolleaguesintheworkplace,oureveningsandweekends
withfamily,friendsandpartners,allthewhilebeingconstantlybombardedbyWhatsApp,socialmediaandemail,time
toourselvescanbeararetreat.Timetoyourselfnotonlygivesyouthechancetodopracticalthingsyoudon'tnormally
getroundtobutalsotheactivitiesyourpalsdon'twanttodo.Inalessrealway,spendingtimealonealsoallows-or
perhapsforces-youtositwithyourownthoughts,tothinkaboutthingsthatmightnormallybedrownedoutby
conversationandthenoiseofcompanionship.Whenyou'realoneyougettimetothinkwithoutpurpose.
ItisworthnotingthatI'marealintrovert(性格内向者）,soperhapssittingalonewithmythoughts-refillingmy
energyreserves-mightjustbeindulgingpersonalitytraitsthatothersdon'thave.ButIbelievemorepeoplecouldbenefit
fromit.
Giventhisconstantsocialconditioningsincechildhoodthatweshouldbesurroundedbypeople,it'snowonder
manyhesitatetopressforwardattheideaofspendingtimealone-asignwe'vefailedatclimbingthatsocialladder.And
ifyou'reanextrovertwhogetstheirenergyfromotherpeople,thismustbeevenharder.Butassomeonewhohascome
tolovespendingtimealone,evenwhentherearemanywonderfulsoulsinmylifeIcanspendtimewith,Iwishmore
peoplewouldgivesoloago.
Reservationforone,please.
1．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?
A．Theauthorwantstobealoneallthetime.
B．Theauthorfeelsboredwithfamilyandfriends.
C．Surroundedbypeople,theauthorstillfeelslonely.
D．Reservingatableforonewilldrawdisapprovinglooks.
2．Howdoesanintrovertregaintheirenergyaccordingtotheauthor?
A．Byeatingdeliciousfood.
B．Byreflectingontheirownthoughts.
C．Bysocializingwithothers.
D．Byreadingtheirfavouritebooks.
3．Thelastsentence"Reservationforone,please."isintendedto .
A．quoteothers'words
B．answerthewaiter'squestion
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C．excitethereaders'appetite
D．stresstheauthor'sdetermination
【答案】1．D2．B3．D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文介绍了作者认为人都需要独处的时间，独处能让你远离社交软件的轰炸，留出
时间去做一些实事，整理自己的思绪，发展个人性格特质。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Adinnerreservationforonepersonneverfailstoraiseafeweyebrows.”作者认为一个
人外出就餐时总是会引来别人的侧目，可知大多数人不赞成一个人外出吃饭。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“ItisworthnotingthatI'marealintrovert(性格内向者）,soperhapssittingalonewithmy
thoughts-refillingmyenergyreserves-mightjustbeindulgingpersonalitytraitsthatothersdon'thave.”(值得注意的
是，我是一个性格内向者，所以也许独自坐着思考——补充我的能量储备——可能只是满足于别人没有的个性
特征。)可知性格内向者可以通过独处深思补充能量，发展个人特质。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。最后一段“Reservationforone,please.”（请预定一个人的位置）与第一段独自一个人用餐会引来
别人的侧目呼应，第二到第四段作者阐述了独处的益处及呼吁大家多留时间独处做些有意义的事情。所以最后
一段“Reservationforone,please.”是为了强调作者的决心，故选D项。
3.
AsFranceentersastrictfour-weeklockdowninordertopreventadangeroussecondwaveofcoronavirus,its
independentbooksellershaverequestedthestatusofanessentialservice．
Astatementannouncedbybooksellers'associationwantsbookshopstobelistedalongsidesupermarketsand
drugstoresasnecessarytohumanwell-being．Bookstoresmightnotbethefirstthingthatcomestomindwhenwethink
aboutwhat'sneededinadangeroussituation,buttheyoffermentalcomfortthatfewotherbusinessescan
match．"Bookssatisfyourneedsforunderstanding,reflection,sharingandcommunication,eveninseparation,"saysthe
statement．TheyappealtotheFrenchgovernmentto"leaveourbookstoresopen,sothatsocialseparationisnotalso
culturalisolation．"
Bookstoreshavealreadyestablishedrulesofconductthatallowshoppingtooccurinasafe,gem-free
manner．Theywantcurbside（路边）pickuptobeallowedtocontinue,whichmeansplacingacustomer'sordertohiscar
trunkwithoutthebuyerleavinghisvehicle．Thestaffshouldwearamaskandmaintainatleastsixfeetofdistance
whiledeliveringgoods．
WealsoreachedouttotheAmericanBooksellersAssociation（ABA）tolearnwhetherAmericanbooksellersalso
viewthemselvesasamuch-neededservice．CEOAllisonHilladmitsthatbooksellers"innowayoutweighhealthcare
workersduringthestay-at-homeperiod,"buttheroleofbookstoresandbooksshouldnotbeunderestimated．Booksare
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importanttomanypeoplethisyearforvariousreasons,includinghomeschooling,education,emotionalsupport,
connection,andhumanity．Thatiswhy"bookstoresintheU．S．aregivenessentialstatusduringshutdownssothatthey
cancontinueofferingcurbsideservice．"Despitethis,independentbooksellersarestrugglingacrosstheUS,astheyare
inFrance．HillsaidinapressreleasethatonebookshophasclosedperweeksinceCOVID-19startedandthat25%are
indangerofclosingbyJanuary．
1．Whydidtheassociationannouncethestatement?
A．Tokeepbookstoresrunning． B．Torunbookshopsnearmarkets．
C．TocompetewithUSbooksellers． D．Tostressthebenefitsofbooks．
2．WhatcanweinferfromAllisonHill'swords?
A．Americanbookstoresareconsiderednecessary．
B．Thegreatimportanceofbooksisoverlooked．
C．Booksellersaremoreimportantthandoctors．
D．AquarterofbookstoreshaveclosedbyJanuary．
【答案】1．A2．A
【解析】本文是说明文，介绍了在隔离期间，书店应该是一项必不可少的服务。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Astatementannouncedbybooksellers'associationwantsbookshopstobelisted
alongsidesupermarketsanddrugstoresasnecessarytohumanwell-being.( 书商协会宣布的一份声明希望书店与超
市和药店一起开市，作为人类福祉的必要条件)”以及下文“TheyappealtotheFrenchgovernmentto"leaveour
bookstoresopen,sothatsocialseparationisnotalsoculturalisolation．(他们呼吁法国政府“让我们的书店开放，这
样社交隔离也不是文化隔离)”可推断，协会发表声明是为了让书店继续运营下去。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“CEOAllisonHilladmitsthatbooksellers"innowayoutweighhealthcareworkers
duringthestay-at-homeperiod,"buttheroleofbookstoresandbooksshouldnotbeunderestimated．(首席执行官艾莉
森希尔承认，书商“在隔离期间绝不会超过医疗保健人员”，但书店和书籍的作用不应被低估)”可推断，从艾莉
森希尔的话中，我们知道书店在疫情之下的美国被认为是必要的。故选A。
4.
Starman,thedummy(仿真人)ridingacherry-redTeslaRoadster(特斯拉敞篷车)throughspace,hasmadehis
closestapproachevertoMars.TheelectricroadsteranditspassengerwereattachedtothetopofaFalconHeavyrocket
duringtheSpaceXrocket’sfirsttestlaunchon6February.
Twoyearslater,theFalconHeavyrocketandthevehicleatitstiparemakingtheirsecondtriparoundtheSun.Mr.
McDowell,aHarvardastrophysicist,foundthatStarmanpassed7.4millionkilometersfromMarsat06:25GMT7
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October,.
TheclosestrecentapproachbetweentheEarthandMarswas56millionkilometersin2003,thoughtheplanetsare
oftenhundredsofmillionsofmilesapartdependingonwheretheyareintheirorbits.NoonecanseetheFalconHeavy
rocketatitscurrentdistance,butorbitsoverperiodsofafewyearsarefairlystraightforwardtopredict,andMr.
McDowelluseddataabouthowtherocketwasmovingwhenitlefttheEarth’sgravitybehindtolocateitsrecent
movementsexactly.
LasttimeStarmancircledtheSun,McDowellsaid,itcrossedMars’orbitwhiletheRedPlanetwasquitefaraway.
Butthistimethecrossinglinedupwithafairlycloseapproach,thoughstillnotcloseenoughtofeelastrongtugfrom
Mars.
Atthispointintime,ifyouwereabletogolookattheRoadster,itwouldprobablylookprettydifferent.The
strongsolarradiationenvironmentbetweentheplanetswouldprobablyhavedestroyedalltheexposedorganic
materials.
WithouttheEarth’satmosphericandmagnetic(磁场的)protection,eventheplasticsandcarbon-fibrematerials
wouldstarttobreakup.Overthecourseofdecadesorcenturies,thecarwillendupwithitsaluminium(铝)frameand
hardglassparts----that’sassumingthatnoneofthemgetdestroyedinimpactswithpassingspacerocks.
Whatcanweinferfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?
A．StarmanisnowcirclingaroundtheEarthinitsorbit.
B．StarmanhassetoutonitssecondtriparoundtheSun.
C．Starmanhastraveled7.4millionkilometersafterlaunch.
D．StarmanstillhasalongwaytogobeforegettingtoMars.
【答案】B
【解析】本文是新闻报道。主要讲述了Starman 和座驾特斯拉 Roadster接近了火星。
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Starman,thedummy(仿真人)ridingacherry-redTeslaRoadster(特斯拉敞篷车)through
space,hasmadehisclosestapproachevertoMars.(Starman，乘坐樱桃红的TeslaRoadster，已经离火星最近)”和第
二段的“theFalconHeavyrocketandthevehicleatitstiparemakingtheirsecondtriparoundtheSun.(猎鹰重型火箭
和其顶端的运载工具正在进行第二次绕太阳飞行)”可推断，Starman已经开始了它的第二次绕太阳飞行。故选B。
5.
Socialmediaistakingoverourlives:Facebook,Instagram,Twitterandnow,TikTok.Thesesocialmedia
platformshavetransformedfromawaytostayconnectedtoanindustrywhereevenkidscanmakemoneyofftheir
posts.Whilethismayseemlikeanotheropportunisticinnovation,it’sreallyfullofhiddenfalserealities.
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Themedianincome(中位收入)recordedintheUnitedStatesofAmericawasabout$63,000in.TikTokerscan
makeanywherefrom$50,000to$150,000foraTikTokbrandpartnership,andTikTokerswithoveramillionfollowers
canmakeupto$30,000amonth—$360,000ayear.Theyaremakingmorethantheaveragepersontryingtofeedtheir
familyandkeeparoofovertheirheads,simplybypostinga15-secondvideo.
Thisismadinmorewaysthanone.Notonlyisitanoverpaid“job”,itpromotesundeservedadmirationfrom
viewersandafalsesenseofreality.ManyofthesefamousTikTokersarestillteens,andtheeffectsoffameatsuchan
earlystageinlifemightcauseissueslaterinlife,suchasmentalillness.Teensbetweentheagesof13and17makeup
27%ofTikTokviewers,whocanbeeasilyinfluencedbywhattheyarewatching.Theycanputafalsesenseof
self-valueintowhotheylookuptoandwhattheyrepresent:money,fame,beingconsideredconventionallyattractive.
WhileTikTokhasbecomeagreattoolformarketing,it’simportanttounderstandhowthiscontentaffectsyoung
viewers.Ifwe’reconstantlyconsumingcontentthathsowsusallweneedtodotobesuccessfulisbeconventionally
attractiveandposta15-secondvideofeaturinganewdance,itwillchallengeourknowledgeofwhatreallymakes
someonesuccessfulandwillinturnaffectourindividualworkethics(伦理).Whataboutthepeoplewhomissbirthdays
andfamilyholidaysduetotheirjobsandaren’tgettingpaidnearlyasmuchastheseTikTokers?
RichardColyer,presidentandcreatorofMetaphor,Inc.,hadhisownviewonthisissue.
“Itsoundsgreatthatkidscanmakemoneyfordoingthelatestdancemovesina15-secondvideo,butweshould
feedthemindsofkidsandnotjusttheirbankaccounts.TikTokcanbegreatifusedproperly.Moneyaloneisnotgood,
technologyaloneisnotgoodandconnectednesscanbebadifit’sonlyonline.”
Again,asafellowconsumerofTikTok,IdoenjoytheappwhenIhavesometimetokillandneedagoodlaugh.
I’mnotagainstsomeonemakingalivingonentertainment,butwhatdoesgettingfamousofa15-secondvideoteach
youngpeople?
WhatcanweinferfromRichardColyer’scomments?
A．TikTokcanbeapositiveinfluenceifteensemployitwisely.
B．YoungTikTokersshouldbebannedformmakingmoney.
C．ItisbettertoinvolveeducationoninvestmentinTikTokvideos.
D．Contentsofvideosneedcheckingbeforetheirreleaseonline.
【答案】A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍当今社交媒体平台已经从一种保持联系的方式转变为一种连孩子都可以
通过发帖赚钱的行业，然而过早接触可能会在以后的生活中造成问题。
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“TikTokcanbegreatifusedproperly.(如果使用得当，TikTok可以很棒)”可知，
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RichardColyer认为如果青少年明智地使用TikTok，它可以产生积极的影响。故选A项。
规律方法： 如何解决引申推断题？
引申推断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内
在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者
的观点。此类题目的题干一般包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，
assume(假定，设想)和conclude(推断，做出结论)。
【变式精讲】
1.
In1991,KeithWhitewasatthecentreofa14-vehiclepile-upwhenatruckcrossedthecentralreservationandhit
thevaninwhichhewasapassenger.Whitesurvived,buthisleftarmwascrushedbeyondrepair,andhelosthis
memoryfortwoyears.
Hispilotlicensewasremovedandhecouldnolongerfollowhispassionfordiving.Buthehadbeensailingsince
hewas16,andso,in2004,hedecidedtobuyaboat,fittingitoutsohecouldsailitsingle-handedly.“Ididn’tknowat
thatpointifIcouldsailwithonehand,”hesays.“ButatthebackofmymindIhadalwaysthoughtIcoulddoanything
ifIputmymindtoit.”
Withinayear,Whitehadtakenonthechallengeofbeingthefirstone-armedsailortocircumnavigate(环航)the
BritishIsles.ThenhecrossedtheAtlanticalonein2008.Lastyearhebecamethefirstsailorwithadisabilityto
circumnavigatetheglobe.
Sailingsingle-handedforweeksrequiresmental,aswellasphysical,strength,especiallywhenyouarealone.So
howdoeshedoit?It’saquestionthatmakestheyachtsman(帆船运动员)laugh.“Whenyouhavesevenchildrenit’s
lovelytohavealittletimeonyourown!It’sawesome,”hejokes.“Idoalogeveryhour,andmydiary,andIreadafew
books.Ihaveverylittlesleep.”“I’masociableperson:Idolikelotsofpeoplearound.Answeringemailsandchatting
overFacebookcanhelpstopanyloneliness,”headds.
WhenWhitemadehisfirstAtlanticcrossing,hewasdisappointedtohavehispeaceandquietbrokenbyhisarrival
onland.But,hesays,hethrewhimselfintomeetingnewpeople.Inbetweenadventures,helikessailingwithpeople
whohaven’ttrieditbeforeorgetinvolvedinyachtraceswithfriends.Perhapsthemainreasonforhissuccessin
adjustingtolifeafterabigadventure,hesays,isthathealwayshasanideaforanewoneinhisbackpocket.“Itkeeps
metickingover—there’salwayssomethingnewtodo.Ijustlikechallengesandoneleadstoanother.”
1．Whycouldn’tWhitecontinuehispassionfordiving?
A．Helosthisleftarm. B．Hislicensewasdue.
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C．Hehadanewhobby. D．Hismemorywaspoor.
2．HowdidWhitespendhistimeatsea?
A．Bystayingawake. B．Byvisitingoldfriends.
C．Bykeepinghimselfbusy. D．Byattendinghischildren.
3．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesKeithWhite?
A．Creative. B．Humorous. C．Easy-going. D．Adventurous.
【答案】1．A2．C3．D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了KeithWhite身残志坚的励志故事，由于一次意外，他失去了左臂
并且失去了两年的记忆，但是最后他决定去航行，获得了成功。
1．推理判断题。通过文章第一段“Whitesurvived,buthisleftarmwascrushedbeyondrepair,andhelosthismemory
fortwoyears.(White活了下来，但他的左臂被压得无法修复，他失去了两年的记忆)”可推知，White不能继续跳
水是因为他失去了左臂。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。通过文章第四段White 的话“Idoalogeveryhour,andmydiary,andIreadafewbooks.Ihavevery
littlesleep.(我每小时做一次日志，写日记，读几本书。)”可推知，White通过让自己忙碌的方式度过在海上的时
光。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。通过文章最后一句“Ijustlikechallengesandoneleadstoanother.(我只是喜欢挑战，一个接一个)”
结合全文可知，KeithWhite是一个喜欢冒险的人。故选D项。
2.
ThereismorethatcomeswitholderagethangreyinghairandwrinkledskinWhenhumansreachtheirlateryears,
theyfavourmoreestablishedfriendsandtheirsocialcircleisreduced.
Now,forwhatappearstobethefirsttime,scientistshaveseenthesamebehaviourinanotherspecies.Twenty
yearsofobservationsofchimpanzees(猩猩)revealthatoldermaleschoosetohangoutwiththeirlong-termfriendsat
theexpenseofotherrelationships.
Theresearchersstudied78,000hoursofobservationsmadebetween1996and2016thatfollowedthesocial
interactionsof21malechimpanzeesbetweentheagesof15and58yearsold.Theyclassifiedthechimps’relationships
dependingontheamountoftimetheysatwithothersandgroomed(梳毛)them.Theythenratedthevariouspairingsas
mutual(相互的)friendships,wherebothchimpsseemedtoenjoytherelationship;one-sidedfriendships,whereone
chimpwasmorekeentobefriendsthantheother;andnon-friendships,whereneitherchimpshowedinterestinthe
other.
Whenthescientistslookedatthepatternsoffriendships,theyfoundthattheolderchimpshadmoremutual
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friendshipsandfewerone-sidedfriendshipsthanyoungerchimps.Anotherfeatureseeninolderhumanswasalso
spottedinthechimps.Asthemalesgotolder,theirlevelsofaggression(挑衅)tailedoff,meaningtheystartedfewer
fightsandtendedtointimidateothersintheirgrouplessoften.
Theobservationshavelefttheresearcherspuzzled.Accordingtoanideainpsychologyknownassocioemotional
selectivitytheory,orSST,olderhumansprefermorepositiverelationshipsbecausetheyareawaretimeisrunningout.
Butmanyanimalexpertsarguethatchimpanzeeslackthehumansenseofmortality(死亡),suggestingsomethingelse
isdrivingthebehaviour.
RobinDunbar,aprofessorofevolutionarypsychologyattheUniversityofOxford,saidinhumans,thedeclinein
socialcircleswithageisduetodecliningsocialmotivationtogetoutandmeetpeoplecombinedbylackofopportunity.
Inchimpanzees,asoldermalescompetelessformates,theymayfocusonclose,reciprocal(互惠的)relationshipswith
trustedpartners,shesaid.
Howdidtheresearchersdrawtheirconclusionaboutchimpanzees?
A．Byturningtootherscientists.
B．Byintroducinganewconcept.
C．Byformingrelationshipswiththem.
D．Byanalyzingtwodecades’observations.
【答案】D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黑猩猩的社交模式。
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Theresearchersstudied78,000hoursofobservationsmadebetween1996and2016
thatfollowedthesocialinteractionsof21malechimpanzeesbetweentheagesof15and58yearsold.(研究人员研究了
1996年至2016年间对21只年龄在15岁至58岁之间的雄性黑猩猩进行的7.8万小时的社会交往观察)”可推知，
研究人员是通过分析二十年来的观察得出关于黑猩猩的结论的。故选D项。
3.
GabrielaworkedforamultinationalcompanyasasuccessfulprojectmanagerinBrazil.Latershewastransferred
tomanageateaminSweden.Shewasexcitedabouthernewrolebutsoonrealizedthatmanaginghernewteamwould
beachallenge.
Despitetheirfriendliness,Gabrieladidn’tfeelrespectedasaleader.Hernewstaffwouldquestionherproposals
openlyinmeetings.Whenshegavetheminstructionsonhowtocarryoutatask,theywouldoftengoaboutitintheir
ownwaywithoutcheckingwithher.Whensheannouncedherdecisionsontheproject,theywouldcontinuegiving
theiropinionsasifitwerestillupfordiscussion.
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WhatGabrielawasexperiencingwasaculturalshockinexpectations.DutchpsychologistGeertHofstedeusesthe
conceptof“powerdistance”todescribehowpowerisdistributedindifferentcultures.Inherpreviouswork
environment,Gabrielawasusedtoahighpowerdistanceculturewherepowerisrespected.Insuchaculture,leaders
makethebigdecisionsandarenotoftenchallenged.HerSwedishteam,however,wereusedtoworkinginalowpower
distanceculturewhereemployeesoftenworktogetherwiththeirbossestofindsolutionsandmakedecisions.Here,
leadersactascoacheswhoencourageindependentthoughtandexpecttobechallenged.
WhenGabrielabecameawareoftheculturaldifferencesbetweenherandherteam,shetooktheinitiative(主动权)
tohaveanopenconversationwiththemabouttheirfeelingsaboutherleadership.
Pleasedtobeaskedfortheirthoughts,Gabriela’steamopenlyexpressedthattheywerenotusedtobeingtoldwhat
todo.Theyenjoyedhavingmoreroomforinitiativeandcreativefreedom.Whenshetoldherteamexactlywhatshe
neededthemtodo,theyfeltthatshedidn’ttrustthemtodotheirjobwell.
Withabetterunderstandingofthereasonsbehindeachother’sbehavior，Gabrielawasabletomakeadjustmentsto
hermanagementstyle.Finallysheeffectivelymotivatedherteamtoachievetheirgoals.
1．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeGabriela?
A．Kindbutarbitrary. B．Strictbuttrustworthy.
C．Flexibleandcommunicative. D．Stubbornandaggressive.
2．WhatalessoncanwelearnfromGabriela’sstory?
A．Birdsofafeatherflocktogether. B．Don’tjudgeabookbyitscover.
C．Twoheadsarebetterthanone. D．WheninRome,doasRomansdo.
【答案】1．C2．D
【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了Gabriela到瑞典工作中，经历了高权力距离文化和低权力距离文化的
文化冲击。她适应当地的工作文化，调整自己的工作方式。
1．推理判断题。文章第四段中提到“shetooktheinitiativetohaveanopenconversationwiththem…”，Gabriela主
动和员工开诚布公地交谈，说明她有很强的沟通交流能力；第六段中提到“Gabrielawasabletomakeadjustments
tohermanagementstyle.”了解到原因之后，Gabriela能够调整自己的管理方式。这说明她能根据具体情况，灵活
调整自己的工作方式。由此可以推断，Gabriela是一个灵活的、善于沟通的管理者。故选C。
2．推理判断题。文章讲述了Gabriela被派到瑞典管理一个新的团队，经历了低权力距离文化的冲击后，能够根
据当地的文化调整自己的管理方式。文章最后一段还提到“Withabetterunderstandingofthereasonsbehindeach
other’sbehavior，Gabrielawasabletomakeadjustmentstohermanagementstyle.(Gabriela对彼此行为背后的原因有
了更好的了解后，能够调整自己的管管理方式)”。由此推断，从Gabriela的故事中，我们体会到了“WheninRome,
221/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
doasRomansdo.(入国问禁，入乡随俗)”。故选D。
4.
Igrewupeatingeggsfromwhiteshells;Ididn'tknowtheycouldbeanyothercolor.
Oureggscamefromthegrocerystoreinstyrofoampackaging,andtheeggsintherefrigeratorsatallmyfriends'
houseswereexactlythesame.Lifeinthe1970sand1980smeantnofarmer'smarkets,notripstofarmsandnoconcept
offoodvariety.
WhenIbeganbuyingmyeggsatthefarmer'smarket,thingschanged.Theeggswerebrownandusuallyin
paperboardcartonsorStyrofoamcartonsthatwereclearlybeingreused.
IknowI'mnottheonlyonewhohadthatexperiencewitheggs,soit'snowonderthatmanypeopleassumebrown
eggsaremorenutritious.Ifwe'reworkingofftheassumptionthatallwhiteeggsatthegrocerystorecomefrombig
factoryfarmsandthatallbrowneggscomefromlocalfarmerswhoraisefree-rangechickens...sure.Brownisbetter.
Butisthattrue?
Eggshellcolorisdeterminedbythebreedofthehen,notbytheconditionsinwhichthechickenisraised.
Generallyspeaking,youcantellwhethereggswillbewhitebylookingatahen'searlobes,thecoloredskinontheside
ofthehead.Henswithwhiteearlobesgenerallylaywhiteeggs.Henswithbrownorreddishearlobesgenerallylayeggs
thatarebrown,orsometimeslightgreen,blueoraspeckledcreamycolor,accordingtoMichiganStateUniversity
Extension.
Noonebreedofhen,however,isproventolayamorenutritiouseggthananother,despitethecoloroftheeggshell.
Notalleggsarecreatedequalbecausenotallhensareraisedthesameway.
AtestdonebyMotherEarthNewsoneggstakenfrom14flocksaroundthecountrywhosehenswereallowed
frequentaccesstofreshpasture,landcoveredwithgrass,foundthattruefree-rangeeggswerenutritionallysuperiorto
eggssoldingrocerystores.
“True”free-rangemeansjustthateggsfromthegrocerystorethataremarketedasfreerangedonotnecessarily
comefromhensthathavespenttheirdayswanderingthebarnyard,gettingfreshairandeatinganaturaldiet.When
“Free-range”isonaneggcarton,itmeansthatthechickenscanmovearoundtheirbuildingandhaveaccesstothe
outdoors“duringtheirproductioncycle”．
Butaccessdoesn'tguaranteetimeoutside.There'snoregulationthatsaysgettingtothatdoorhastobeeasy,how
bigtheoutdoorareamustbe,orthatachickeneverhastogetoutside.Achickeninacrowdedhenhousemayneverget
tothedoor,andifitmanagestogothroughit,itmayfindthere'snoroomforitinthesmallareaoutside.
That'swhyit'ssohardtodetermineiffree-rangeeggsatthestorecomefromtrulyfree-rangechickens.Atafarm
222/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
orfarmers'market,youcanaskabouttheconditionsthatthehens'areraisedinbeforeyoubuy.
Anotherfactorinthenutritionofaneggisthehens'diet.Althoughchickensarenotvegetariansbynature—bugs
andwormsarepartoftheirnaturaldiets—ConsumerReportstestedgrocerystoreeggsandfoundthat“hensfed
vegetariandietstendedtohavemoreofcertainvitaminsandomega-3sthanthosefromhensfedaconventionaldiet”.
Sowhenyou'rechoosingeggsandaimingfornutrition,don'tjudgeaneggbyitsshellcolor.Whiteeggscanbe
justasnutritiousasbrowneggs.Hensthatarekeptinconditionsthatarenaturaltothem—withaccesstotheoutdoors,
sunlightandexercise—andfedagooddietarewhatyou'relookingfor.Tofindthem,you'llneedtoasksomequestions
and,perhaps,payalittlemore,becauseraisinghensinpasturescostsmorethanraisingthematfactoryfarming.
1．Itisimpliedinthepassagethatnowadays________.
A．truefree-rangechickenscannolongerbefoundanywhere
B．so-calledfree-rangehensremaininhenhousesalldaylong
C．theword“free-range”isonlyusedasameansofcheating
D．thedefinitionof“free-range”cansometimesbeambiguous
2．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.
A．nutritionalvalueofeggsdependsonnothingbutwhathenseat
B．adietmixedwithplantsandwormsmakeseggsmorenutritious
C．farmersshouldfeedhensscientificallytogethigh-qualityeggs
D．thebreedofhensshouldbeimprovedforthepurposeofnutrition
【答案】1．D2．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者结合自身在农贸市场买鸡蛋，发现鸡蛋是棕色的为引入，告诉人们什么是真正
的“散养鸡”，影响鸡蛋营养的因素以及该如何选择有营养的鸡蛋。
1．推理判断题。根据倒数第五段““True”free-rangemeansjustthateggsfromthegrocerystorethataremarketedas
freerangedonotnecessarilycomefromhensthathavespenttheirdayswanderingthebarnyard,gettingfreshairand
eatinganaturaldiet.When“Free-range”isonaneggcarton,itmeansthatthechickenscanmovearoundtheirbuilding
andhaveaccesstotheoutdoors“duringtheirproductioncycle”．(“真正的”自由放养是指食品杂货店里卖的鸡蛋并
不一定来自那些整天在院子里转悠、呼吸新鲜空气、吃天然食物的母鸡。当“自由放养”一词出现在鸡蛋盒上时，
这意味着“在生产周期”，鸡可以在它们的房子里走动，可以到户外活动)”以及倒数第四段“Butaccessdoesn't
guaranteetimeoutside.There'snoregulationthatsaysgettingtothatdoorhastobeeasy,howbigtheoutdoorareamust
be,orthatachickeneverhastogetoutside.Achickeninacrowdedhenhousemayneverget to
thedoor,andifitmanagestogothroughit,itmayfindthere'snoroomforitinthesmallareaoutside.(但可以到户外
223/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
活动并不能保证有时间外出。并没有规定说，到达那扇门必须很容易，户外区域必须有多大，或者鸡必须跑到
外面。在拥挤的鸡舍里，一只鸡可能永远不会走到门口，如果它成功地穿过了门，它可能会发现门外的小区域
已经没有它的空间了)”可推知，如今“自由放养”的定义有时会很模糊。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“ConsumerReportstestedgrocerystoreeggsandfoundthat“hensfedvegetarian
dietstendedtohavemoreofcertainvitaminsandomega-3sthanthosefromhensfedaconventionaldiet”.(《消费者报
告》测试了杂货店里的鸡蛋，发现“喂食素食的母鸡往往比喂食传统饮食的母鸡有更多的特定维生素和omega-
3”)”可推知，农民应该科学喂养母鸡以获得优质鸡蛋。故选C。
5.
Thespine(脊柱)standsatthecenterofyourhealth,providingyourbodywithstructureandsupport.Italso
containsamajorcollectionofnervesthatdeliverelectricsignalsfromtherestofthebodytoyourbrain.Sinceyour
spineissocentraltohealth,it’simportanttotakecareofit.
Stayinginagoodpositionisoneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandotokeepyourspinehealthy.Aproper
positionmeansstandingorsittingwhilekeepingyourspinestraight,exceptforitsnaturalbending.Positionsplaya
vitalpartevenwhenyou’reasleep.Stomachsleepingisfarfromagoodidea.Manypeopleprefersleepingontheirside,
whichisintheinterestsoftheirspine.Sleepingonyourbackhaslotsofbenefitsyetcancauselowerbackpainandput
somepressureonyourspine.
Stayingstillfortoolong—evenifyourpositionisgood—canbehardonyourback.Especiallyifyouworkata
taskmostoftheday,it’simportanttogetupandstretch(伸展)periodically.Therefore,exerciseisalsoakeypartinthe
healthofyourspine.Stretchescanhelpthemuscles(肌肉)aroundyourspinerelax.Strengthexerciseswithlight
weightsorbodyweightexerciseslikepush-upscanalsohelpbystrengtheningthemuscles.However,don’toverdothe
exercise,asrepeatedmovementscanhurtthemusclesaroundthespine,astryingtoliftheavyweightswithpoor
technique.
Yourdietalsoaffectsthehealthofyourspinebecausemanyvitaminsarenecessaryforbonesandnerves.In
particular,vitaminBandomega-3fattyacidshelpkeepnerveshealthy.AnotherimportantpartisvitaminD,whichis
requiredforstrongbones.VitaminDcancomefromsomefoods,butit’salsoabsorbedfromsunlight,soitmayhelpto
dosomeexercisesoutside.Atlast,manyoftheactionsnecessarytokeepaspinehealthyaresimilartothoseusedto
protectyourhealthinotherways.Soprotectyourback,andtherestofthebodywillbenefit.
1．WhatissuggestedinParagraph3?
A．Doingaproperamountofexercise.
B．Stayingstillinagoodposition.
224/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
C．Repeatingacertainmovementmore.
D．Strengtheningmusclesofthewholebody.
2．Whatcanweinferaboutvitamins?
A．VitaminBreactswithomega-3fattyacids.
B．AbundantvitaminDguaranteesstrongbones.
C．VitaminDcan’tbeabsorbedwithoutsunlight.
D．Doingpush-upsoutsideincreasesvitaminDintake.
【答案】1．A2．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了脊柱对于身体的重要性，并提出一些有助于脊柱健康的锻炼方法。
1．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Therefore,exerciseisalsoakeypartinthehealthofyourspine.Stretchescanhelpthe
muscles(肌肉)aroundyourspinerelax.Strengthexerciseswithlightweightsorbodyweightexerciseslikepush-ups
canalsohelpbystrengtheningthemuscles.”（因此，运动也是脊椎健康的关键部分。伸展运动可以帮助你脊椎周
围的肌肉放松。轻重量的力量练习或俯卧撑等体重练习也可以帮助增强肌肉。）等可知，做适量的运动有益于脊
椎。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“VitaminDcancomefromsomefoods,butit’salsoabsorbedfromsunlight,soitmay
helptodosomeexercisesoutside.”（维生素D可以来自一些食物，但也可以从阳光中吸收，所以在户外做一些运
动可能会有帮助。）可知，在室外做俯卧撑可以增加维生素D的摄入量。故选D项。
专题 05 阅读理解 III：推理判断
考点 2 文章来源题
考点1 引申推断题
考点2文章来源题
考点3读者对象题
推理判断题
考点4观点态度题
考点5预测推断题
考点6目的意图题
【考纲解读】
225/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
要求考生阅读 4 篇短 主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意
文，从每题所给的 4 个选 和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细
考查
项中选出最佳选项。题材 节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解
主旨大意、
广泛，包括科普、社会、 全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑
细节理解、
文化、政治、经济等多方 方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要
推理判断、
面内容。体裁多样，以记 高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。
词义猜测、
叙文、议论文、说明文为 篇章结构
主。 等题型。
【剖析全国高考真题】
阅读理解III：推理判断题 考点2 文章来源题
1.C【·全国I】
Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物测
量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestill
expensive,though.
ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthis
problem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)withwhichonetypesandthe
pressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforce
ofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcan
determinepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnected
to—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.
Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesa
keyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.
Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthe
smartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowthey
typed,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardto
commercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenear
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future.
31.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?
A.Adiary. B.Aguidebook C.Anovel. D.Amagazine.
【答案】 31.D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。目前，数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，指纹扫描等这些技术仍然是昂贵的。
本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，这项技术通过记录用户的打字习惯来识别主人，为网络空间用户保护
隐私。
31.D 推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，由此可知，本文是
科技说明文，结合所给选项可知，本文可能来自于一本科研杂志上。故选D。
2.（新课标全国卷Ⅱ，B）
ManyofusloveJulybecauseit’sthemonthwhennature’sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.These
colourfulandsweetjewelsformBritishColumbia’sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.
Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontain
alittlemoreprotein(蛋白质),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighin
antioxidants(抗氧化物质).Theyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturninto
vitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(樱桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichin
vitaminC.
Whencombinedwithberriesofslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruit
shakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removethe
skinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananas
willpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthe
temperatureofthefreezer.
Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa
“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren’sparty;theylovefeeding
thefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.
27.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?
A.Abiologytextbook. B.Ahealthmagazine.
C.Aresearchpaper. D.Atravelbrochure.
【文章大意】本文是一篇日常生活类说明文。文中讲述了人们热爱水果丰盛的7月，这时候各种水果营养
丰富且含有对人体有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我们可以利用它做一些孩子喜欢的甜点或冰淇淋。
227/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【精讲研法】
阅读理解III：推理判断 考点2文章来源题
【做题实践中找规律】
1.
Asimplemosquitobitecanmeanseriousillnessordeath.Sowespraylargeareaswithchemicalstowipeout
mosquitoes.Butthishasabadinfluenceonthewholeecosystemandyourhealth.Nowthere’sanewdevice(装置),
whichclaimstokeepyouandyourlovedonesmosquito-free：
Whatarewetalkingabout?
Mosquitron,abrandnewtypeofbug(虫子)catcher,designedbytwoGermanengineers,isperfectforclearing
yourhomeofallannoyinganddangerousflyingpests!
Howdoesitwork?
◆Itiseasytosetup;plugitin—andawayyougo!
◆Itlures(引诱)theflyingpestsnearusingasafe,completelyharmlessUVlight.
◆Areversefansuckstheinsectsthroughaone-waytrapdoor.
◆Oncetrappedinthedryingbasket,theyaredriedtodeathbythefanwithin2minutes.
◆Youcansimplyemptythedeadbugsintothetrash,withouteventouchingthem.
◆Noneedforbatteriesoranychemicals.
Howmuchdoesitcost?
It’snow ＄179.99.Itmayseemexpensiveatfirst,butwhenyouconsidermostdevicesneedregular,expensive
refillsanddon’tworkformorethan10minutes,thisisaprettygooddeal.Infact,competitorproductsusingthesame
228/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
UVtechnologyarepricedatover ＄250!Nowyoucanbuyitfromthesupplier’swebsitewith50%offandwithfree
shippingforalimitedtimebyclickinghere.Note:Thedevicecanonlybereturnedorexchangedifitarrivesdamaged,
andyoumustpayinadvance.
Whattypeofwritingisthistext?
A．Areview. B．Anadvertisement.
C．Aninstruction. D．Areport.
【答案】B
【解析】本文是一篇广告。文章主要介绍了新型捕虫器Mosquitron的工作方式和价钱。
推理判断题。根据全文，特别是文章最后一段“It’snow ＄179.99.Itmayseemexpensiveatfirst,butwhenyou
considermostdevicesneedregular,expensiverefillsanddon’tworkformorethan10minutes,thisisaprettygood
deal.（现在是179.99美元。一开始可能看起来很贵，但当你考虑到大多数设备需要常规的、昂贵的补充，并且
工作时间不超过10分钟时，这是一个相当不错的交易。）”可知，文章主要想让读者购买这一款驱蚊器，因此这
是一则广告。故选B项。
2.
Inthe1960sand1970s,thegreatestfearwasthatthehumanrace,andpossiblyalladvancedlifeformsonthe
planet,couldbewipedoutbynuclearmissiles.Today,however,environmentalproblemshavetakenoverasthegreatest
risktolifeonEarth.Scientistsarethinkingofwaystolowerthisrisk,suchasreplacingcoalandoilwithformsof
renewableenergy.Buttheyarealsopreparingfortheworst:whatcanwedoiftheterrifyingscenesinfilmssuchasThe
DayAfterTomorrowhappeninreallife?WhatisourplanBforEarth?
Oneoptionistoexploreotherplanetstoseeifwecouldliveonthem.ThemostlikelychoiceisMars,whichis
relativelyclosetoEarthandhasanenvironmentlesshostilethanthatofotherplanets.Marshasfascinatedpeoplesince
ancienttimes,andtodayourinterestinMartianexplorationisgreaterthaneverbefore.Besides,moregovernmentsare
makingeffortstoeducatethepublicontheRedPlanet.
ThereisnodoubtthathumankindisdrawntowardsMars.However,sendingpeopletherewillrequirealltheskill,
courageandintelligence.WhiletheMooncanbereachedwithindays,itwouldtakemonthstoreachMars,travelling
throughdangeroussolarradiation.AndevenifthefirstsettlersdoreachMarssafely,theymaynotbeabletoreturnto
Earth—ever.Stayingalivewillbeadailychallenge,butasprovedbytheBiosphere2experiment,notimpossible.As
earlyasthe1980s,scientistswerebuildingBiosphere2intheArizonadesert,consistingofaclosedspaceinwhich
people,animalsandplantscouldlivetogether.Althoughthetwo-yearexperimentwasnotasuccess,itdidprovideus
withabetterunderstandingofhowhumansmightbeabletoliveonanotherplanet.
229/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
Fornow,humansettlementofMarsisstilldecadesaway.Untilwearefinallyabletoliveonanotherplanet,we
needtotakemuchbettercareofourown.Rightnow,it'stheonlyonewehave!
1．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
A．HumanshavevisitedMars.
B．TheBiosphere2experimentprovedtobevalueless.
C．Humanswillhavetogoandliveonanotherplanet.
D．OurPlanAincludesdevelopingrenewableenergyresources.
2．Fromwhichmagazinewouldthepassageprobablybetaken?
A．TheTraveler. B．EnvironmentalConcerns.
C．AllAboutSpace. D．BiologyforFun,
【答案】1．D2．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了面对环境问题，科学家们所想的解决办法以及可能存在的问题。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Scientistsarethinkingofwaystolowerthisrisk,suchasreplacingcoalandoilwith
formsofrenewableenergy.Buttheyarealsopreparingfortheworst:whatcanwedoiftheterrifyingscenesinfilms
suchasTheDayAfterTomorrowhappeninreallife?WhatisourplanBforEarth?”可知，面对环境问题，科学家们
在考虑降低风险的方法。例如，用可更新能源来取代煤和石油。但是同时科学家们也为最坏的情况做好了准备。
他们也准备了B计划。由此可知，用可更新能源来取代煤和石油属于A计划。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Today,however,environmentalproblemshavetakenoverasthegreatestrisktolife
onEarth(今天，环境问题是地球生命的最大威胁)”、第二段中的“Oneoptionistoexploreotherplanetstoseeifwe
couldliveonthem.(一个选择就是探索其他星球看看是否我们可以在上面居住)”、第三段中的“However,sending
peopletherewillrequirealltheskill,courageandintelligence.(但是把人们送到那里需要技术、勇气和智力)”可知，
该段主要探讨的是如何解决环境问题。那么，这样的文章最有可能出现在和环境有关的杂志上。故选B。
3.
Doyouwanttohaveaninterestingsummerpicnicswithyourfamily?Hereweofferfourofthetoppicnic
areasacrosstheUS.
CumberlandIslands,Georgia
JusthourssouthofSavannah,thisnationalseashoreisanidealpicnicplace.It'snotadestroyedplaceintheDeep
Southwithover50milesofhikingtrails(路线).CoveredinSpanishmoss(苔藓)，thepathsarelinedwithtreesand
sinceit'sstillaruralarea,thestarsgatherforaspectacularshowatnightandcreatetheperfecteveningstarlitpicnic
opportunity.
GrantPark,Chicago
230/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
Goforatasteofa20-daylakefrontfordeliciousfoodinChicago,becausefoodfestivalhappensinOctobereach
year.Takeaspotnearthefountaintoenjoyyourpicnic,appreciatethecitysceneryandlakeviewsandrelaxwith
familyandfriends.IfyouarethereonJuly1st,makesuretoplanthedaytoincludethefireworksdisplayattheNavy
Pier.
CranberryIslands,Maine
Here,you'llenjoynaturalpicnicswithislandviews.Theislandsareadelightfulgroupofislandsabout20minutes
offshorefromAcadiaNationalPark.Youcanvisittheislandsbyprivateboat.Bringapicnicbasketalongfortherideas
it'saromanticpicnicareatogoforafamilyoutingtovisittheislands.
BigSur,California
ThePointLobosStateReserveisasmallgem(胜地).Besidesthecoastalwildlifetherearerareplantcommunities,
anduniquegeologicalformations.It'sgoodtohaveapicnicthere.Youarerecommendedtobringatelescope,because
muchofthewildlifecanbeseenonlyatadistance.
Whereisthetextmostprobablyfrom?
A．Apersonaldiary. B．Atravelmagazine.
C．Asciencereport. D．Ageographytextbook.
【答案】B
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国的4个顶级野餐区的相关信息。
推理判断题。根据第一段“Doyouwanttohaveaninterestingsummerpicnicswithyourfamily?Hereweofferfourof
thetoppicnicareasacrosstheUS.(你想和你的家人有一个有趣的夏季野餐吗?在这里，我们为您介绍全美最适合野
餐的四个地方。)”以及文章主要介绍了四个最佳野餐地点可知，最可能在一本旅游杂志上读到这篇文章。故选
B。
4.
Ilookaroundandcan'trecognizewhereIam.IseemyfriendsgatheredbyastagewheremusicisplayingandI
runover.AsIbeginrunningtowardsthem,theybecomefurtherandfurtheraway.Ikeepcallingforthem,butnoone
hearsme.Istarthearingadistantalarm-likesoundandIamtransportedaway.Iwokeupinatalosssittinginmybed.
“Oh,itwasonlyadream,”Isaidtomyself.Ihavealwayshadvividandintensedreams.
Today,dreamingisbeingstudiedevenmorethanever.Somesaythatdreamsarehowyourreceptors(受体)make
senseofrandomthoughtswhileyousleep.Somesaythatyoucan'tdreamofafaceyouhaveneverseenbefore,so
everyoneyouseeinyourdreamsyouhaveatleastlaideyesonatonetimeoranother.
Otherpeoplethinkdreamsarewaysofexpressingstressorinternalfeelingsyoumaybeexperiencing.Alotof
231/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
peoplesaythattheyhavedreamsaboutbeingchased(追逐).
Acommoninterpretationofthe“beingchased”dreamisthatyouarefeelingthreatened.Somedream
interpretationsitessayyoushouldtrytoreflectonwhatorwhoischasingyoutogetabetterideaofwhatismaking
youfeelthisway.
Anotherdreamthatisoftenexperiencedisflying.Thisdreamhasamuchmorepositiveinterpretation,whichis
thatyouarefeelingfreeorhavebrokenoutofabadsituationsuchasarelationshipturnedsourorajobyouhate.
Unfortunately,ifyouevenrememberyourdreamsatall,youforgethalfofyourdreamwithinfiveminutesof
wakingupandwithin10minutes,youusuallyforget90percentofit.
Dreamologistswhodevotetimetothestudyofdreams,suggestifyouwanttotrytorememberandstudyyour
dreamsyoushouldkeepajournalbesideyourbedandjotdownwhatyoudreamtassoonasyouwakeupsoyoucan
reflectonitlater.
Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?
A．Abiologytextbook. B． Atravelguidebook.
C．Aphysicsbook. D．Asciencenewspaper.
【答案】D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章描述了研究发现人的梦境和自己的状态有关，并诠释了各种不同梦境的意义，
因此可以尽量将梦境记下来。
14．推理判断题。由第二段中的“Today,dreamingisbeingstudiedevenmorethanever.”（今天，做梦的研究比以
往任何时候都多。）和纵观全文可知，文章主要讲述研究发现人的梦境和自己的状态有关，并诠释了各种不同梦
境的意义，因此可以尽量将梦境记下来，这篇文章可能来自于一份科学报纸。故选D项。
5.
TheApolloMissions
“That'sonesmallstepforaman.Onegiantleapformankind.”
—NeilArmstrong
Apollo’sGoals
ThenationaleffortthatenabledAstronautNeilArmstrongtospeakthosewordsashesteppedontothelunar
232/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
surfacefulfilledadreamasoldashumanity.ProjectApollo’sgoalswentbeyondlandingAmericansonthemoonand
returningthemsafelytoEarth.
Apollo13
Apollo13hasbeencalleda“successfulfailure,”becausethecrewneverlandedontheMoon,buttheymadeit
homesafelyafteranexplosioncrippledtheirship.Whentheassociatedheaterwasturnedonduringflight,thetank
explodeddepletingalmostallofthepowerfromthecommandmoduleandforcingthecrewtousethelunarmoduleas
alifeboat.JimLovell,FredHaiseandJackSwigertcamehomesafelythankstothemissioncontrolteam’simprovised
proceduresandtheirownabilitytoimplementthem.(Launch:April11,1970;splashdown:April17)
Apollo14
NotableforthereturnofAmerica’sfirstastronaut,AlanShepard,tospace,Apollo14alsowasprobablythe
smoothestlunarlandingtothatpoint.Thecrewspentmorethanninehoursoutsidethelunarmoduleandsetupa
numberofexperiments.Shepardsetanewdistancerecordbywalkingmorethan9,000feetonthelunarsurface,
pullingahandcarttocarrytheirtoolsandsamples.(Launch:Jan.31,1971:lunarlanding:Feb.5:splashdown,Feb.9)
Apollo15
Forthefirsttime,humansdroveacarontheMoon.ThefirstoftheApollo“J”Missions-designedforlongerstays
ontheMoon-themissioncarriedalunarrover,whichCommanderDavidScottandLunarModulePilotJamesIrwin
233/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
usedwhiletheywereonthesurfaceformorethanI8hours.Theytraveledmorethan17milesintherover,settingup
experimentsandcollecting170poundsofsamples.Beforeleavingthelunarsurface,Scottconductedanexperimentto
testGalileo’stheorythatobjectsinvacuum,withoutairresistance,wouldfallatthesamerate.Hedroppedageological
hammerandafeather,whichhitthegroundatthesametime,provingGalileoright.(Launch:July26,1971,lunar
landing:July30:splashdown:Aug.7)
Whichofthefollowingcolumnisthisarticlemostlikelytobefound?
A．BoomingScience B．ExploringtheUnknown
C．MechanicalWorld D．TransformingMoon
【答案】B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章简要地讲述了，阿波罗登月计划任务的目标及阿波罗的几次太空登月任务。
推理判断题。由第一段的““That'sonesmallstepforaman.Onegiantleapformankind.”—NeilArmstrong”（“这
对一个男人来说是一小步。对人类来说是一个巨大的飞跃。”——尼尔·阿姆斯特朗），第二段最后一句“Project
Apollo’sgoalswentbeyondlandingAmericansonthemoonandreturningthemsafelytoEarth.”（阿波罗计划的目标
不仅仅是让美国人登上月球，还要让他们安全返回地球。）和各段小标题Apollo’sGoals、Apollo13、Apollo14
和Apollo15，可知本文讲的是阿波罗太空登月计划，去探索未知的月球，推断出在文章的“探索未知”栏出现。
故选B项。
规律方法：如何解决文章来源题?
做此类题目要求读者具备一定的常识，这样文章的内容才能与读者本身已具备的常识结合起来。做此类题
目应从文章的内容和结构来判断其出处。如果来源于报纸，前面一般会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称；如果是
广告，其格式很容易辨认；产品说明和药品说明也很容易辨认。
【变式精讲】
1.
[CapitalBeijing-GongWangFu]GongWangFu+Shichahaiessencehalfdaytour[Visitthepalaceof
PrinceGong[gardenofPrinceGong'smansion]
WhichisafamousofficialoftheQingDynasty.Later,EmpressDowagerCixiawardedittoPrinceGongYiluo,
andcalleditPrinceGong'smansion.Itisdividedintotwoparts:PrinceGong'smansionandgarden.Itisoneofthebest
preservedpalacesinBeijing.
AfterthehistoricalprocessofQingDynastyfromprosperitytodecline,itcarriesextremelyrichhistoricaland
culturalinformation,sothereisasayingthat"aroyalpalace,halfofthehistoryofQingDynasty".
14:30,strollaround[ShichahaiScenicSpot],whichusedtobethebackgardenofQingDynastyprincesand
nobles.Uptonow,therearestillmanypalaces,gardensandformerresidencesofcelebrities,andenjoythenatural
234/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
landscapeswithahundredyearhistory,suchas"YindingGuanshan","LiuanFenghe"andsoon.Enjoythemost
beautifulandprosperousplaceintheoldurbanareaofoldBeijing,whereyoucanfeelthecompleteatmosphereofthe
oldBeijingHutongquadrangle(四合院).Whennightfalls,thebarsaroundShichahaiarefulloflights,givingyoua
differentglimpse(...的感受)ofBeijingatnight.Attheendofthetrip,thegroupbrokeup.
[Warmtips]
Pleasearrangeyourluggageinadvance
Valueaddedplay:
FolkculturetourinoldBeijing:humanpoweredtricycletourinHutong(2people/vehicle)+visittooldBeijing
Olympicfamily'scourtyard+performanceofoverpassartists'uniqueskillshall,150yuan/personforself-care.
Wheremightthisarticlecomefrom?
A．Inthenewspaper B．intheadvertisementC．onthetravelwebsiteD．inthechatrecord
【答案】C
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了宫王府和什刹海精华半日游的内容。
推理判断题。A.Inthenewspaper报纸；B.intheadvertisement广告；C.onthetravelwebsite旅游网站；D.inthechat
record聊天记录。根据“GongWangFu+Shichahaiessencehalfdaytour（宫王府和什刹海精华半日游）”可知，
文章主要介绍了宫王府和什查海精华半日游的内容，此篇文章是关于旅游的，所以它来自旅游网站。故选C。
2.
Mostofthewindavailableonlandistoogentletopushcommercialwindturbine（涡轮机），butnowresearchers
inChinahavedesignedakindof"tinywindturbine,,thatcanusewindenergyfrombreezesaslittleasthosecreatedby
aquickwalk.Thenewdeviceisnottechnicallyaturbine.Itisananogeneratormadeoftwoplasticstripsinatubethat
claptogetherwhenthereisairflow.Likerubbingaballoontoyourhair,thetwoplasticsbecomeelectricallycharged
afterbeingseparatedfromcontact,aphenomenoncalledthetriboelectriceffect.Butinsteadofmakingyourhairstand
uplikeEinstein's,theelectricitygeneratedbythetwoplasticstripsiscapturedandstored.
"Ourintentionisn'ttoreplaceexistingwindpowergenerationtechnology."Ourgoalistosolvetheissuesthatthe
traditionalwindturbinescan'tsolve?"saysYaYang,aresearcherfromBeijingInstituteofNanoenergyand
Nanosystems."Unlikewindturbinesthatusecoilsandmagnets （磁石） wherethecostsarefixed,wecanpickand
chooselow-costmaterialsforourdevice.Ourdevicecanalsobesafelyappliedtonaturereservesorcitiesbecauseit
doesn'thavetherotating （旋转）structures.
Yangsayshehasasmallvisionandabigvisionfortheproject'snextsteps.Inthepast,Yangandhiscolleagues
havedesignedananogeneratorassmallasacoin,buthewantstomakeiteventinierandmorecompactwithhigher
235/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
efficiency.Yangisalsolookingtomakethedevicebiggerandmorepowerful."I'mhopingtoscaleupthedeviceto
produce1,000watts.Wecanplacethesedeviceswheretraditionalwindturbinescan'treach.Wecanputitinthe
mountainsoronthetopofbuildingsforsustainableenergy.
Inwhichsectionofawebsitecanyoufindthistext?
A．Science. B．Culture. C．Fashion. D．Business.
【答案】A
【解析】这是一篇科技数明文。本文主要讲述中国的研究人员发明了一个小型风力涡轮机，可以把微乎其微的
风力利用起来。
推理判断题。通读全文，并根据第一段“butnowresearchersinChinahavedesignedakindof"tinywindturbine,,that
canusewindenergyfrombreezesaslittleasthosecreatedbyaquickwalk. （但现在中国的研究人员已经设计出一
种“微型风力涡轮机”，它可以利用微风产生的风能，和快速行走产生的风能一样少。）”可知，本文主要介绍
了中国研究人员发明了一个小型风力涡轮机，以及该涡轮机的工作原理、优势等内容。该涡轮机是一项科学发
明，由此推知本文很可能出现在网站的科学部分。故选A。
3.
Devoteyourselftotheworkyoudo,nottheprizeyoumightget.HaoJingfang,aTsinghuaUniversityalumna,is
pursuingherpassionforwritingandeducation.
In2016,shewontheprestigiousHugoAwardwithhernovella,FoldingBeijing,whichmadeherthefirstfemale
writerinChinatobringhomethisprize.Lateron,theauthorturnedtoeducation.ShesetupTongxingAcademyfor
publicwelfareeducationandWePlanetstofosterchildren’screativityafterschool.
“Themajortaskforsocietyistohelppeoplegetbettereducation,toimprovetheirskillsetinlinewithfuture
technologicaladvancements,andtobroadentheirhorizons,”Haosaid.
Sincefoundinghercompany,Haohasbeencarryingoutvoluntaryteachingprogramsinruralareas.“Wereally
wantthesekidstohavebettereducationresourceslikekidsfromthecities,”shesaid.“Wehopethatthechildrenfrom
ruralChina,ifonedaytheymanagetoliveinthecities,candomorethancarmaintenance,forexample.Theywillhave
theskillstotakeonotherjobs.”
DifferentfromthetypicalChineseparentssoambitiousfortheirchildren,Haosuggestsgivingkidsmorespacefor
trialanderror.“Idobelievethebestmentalityforparentsistostandbehindyourchildren,”Haosaid.“Letthechild
copewiththerealityanddecideforthemselves.Iftheystrugglewithobstacles,youcanofferthemsomeguidanceor
encouragement.”
“I’vehadawidevarietyofinterestssincechildhood.I’vegotusedtodoingdifferentthings,”saysthe35-year-old.
236/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
Beinganeconomicresearcher,awriterandentrepreneurherself,sheencouragesallwomentodiscovertheir
passions.“Weliveinabig,bigworldwithboundlesspossibilities,varioustradesanddifferentvocations.Don’tbetoo
afraidtotrysomethingnew.Whenyoufindtheonethingthatyouwanttocommitto,youwillbecomefearlessto
followyourdream.”
Whereisthepassagetakenfrom?
A．Atextbook. B．Anewspaper. C．anautobiography. D．Afiction.
【答案】B
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。对中国第一位雨果文学奖获得者郝景芳的事迹进行了详细报道。
4.推理判断题。根据文本写作风格确定体裁和文章出处。全文以时间为线索注重人物事迹报道，符合新闻特写
特点，故选B。
4.
AmongtheinternationalstudentsinCanadawhoarestrugglingtofindajobthereaftergraduation,someofthem
eventuallymakeitwithrelativeease.They'retheoneswho'vealreadybuiltupmuchinternship(实习)experiencewhile
stillattendinguniversity,astheirmajorsofferaco-operativeprogram.
Co-opprograms,afeature(特色)ofCanadianuniversityprograms,allowacademicstudiestobecombinedwith
workexperience.Duringschoolyears,studentsgettonetworkwithemployers,gaininternshipexperienceinrelevant
fields,andearnacademiccreditsthatcounttowardtheirdegreeordiploma.
Co-opprogramsareavailableinmostcomprehensiveuniversities,liketheUniversityofWaterloo,WilfridLaurier
UniversityandYorkUniversity.Theseprogramsarenotonlyopentostudentsmajoringinbusinessbutalsotomany
scienceandartmajors.Statisticsshowthatnearly30percentofrecentforeignapplicantshavechosenmajorsthatalso
subscribetotheco-opprogram.“It'seasytounderstand，”saidasenioreducationcounselor.Henotedthatworking
opportunitiesareprovidedbyemployersthatbuildbridgeswiththeuniversityandmostofthemarewell-known
companiesorlocalgovernmentorganizations. Moreover,theaveragesalaryforinternsisashighasC$30,000to
C$40,000ayear.
Studentscanchoosetoworkduringvacationsortermtimesfreely.Therequireddurationoftheinternshipfor
undergraduatesrangesfromeighttotwelvemonths,orfourtosixmonthsforgraduatestudents.“Theprogramsalso
benefitthosestudentswhowanttoapplyforimmigration，”addedthecounselor.“That'sbecausethepoliciesofmany
provincesinCanadarequireacertainlengthofworkexperienceoftheapplicants.”
Whichsectionofawebsitedoesthetextprobablycomefrom?
A．Business. B．Education.
237/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
C．Lifestyle. D．Culture.
【答案】B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在加拿大的针对留学生的一个合作项目，学生们可以边学习边工作，
这样毕业后可以找到好工作。
10．B细节理解题。根据第 1 段开头，结合全文，都是介绍留学生在加拿大学习并参加合作项目为的是毕业后
找到好工作，与教育有关，故选B。
5.
Chinaisfamousforitsvarioushotpots,buttheJapanesealsolovethisdeliciouscuisine,wherehotpotsare
knownasnabemono.Here’refourtastyversionswortheating.
Shabu-Shabu
Manytypesofhotpotsexist,butoneofthemostpopularinJapaniscalledShabu-Shabu.Featuringthinlysliced
cutsofmeats,fishandvegetables,thedish,whosenameimitatesthesound“swishswish”asthefoodiscookedinthe
boilingpot,issaidtohavebeencreatedinOsakainthe1950s.Thefoodistypicallydippedinasaucewithacitrus(柑
橘)flavor.
Chankonabe
Sincethelate1800s,Chankonabehasbeenservedtosumo(相扑)wrestlerslookingtogainweight.Interestingly,
thereisnofixedrecipefrthisstyleofhotpot.Inotherwords,anytypeofmeatandvegetablescanbethrownin.It’s
servedinlargeportions,oftenwithotherfoodsuchasfriedchickensothatsumowrestlerscankeeptheirsignificant
bodyweight.
Mille-FeuilleNabe
AlessfatteningJapanesehotpotthathasanattractivevisualelementisMille-FeuilleNabe.Madewithmostly
porkandcabbage,it’seasytopreparesincethishotpotrequiresfeweringredients(原料)thanotherkindsofnabemono.
Theremainingsoupcanalsobeenjoyedwithsteamedriceornoodles.
Yaminabe
Yaminabeisadiningexperiencelikenoother.Everyonebringstheirowningredientstoaddtothepot,butwith
theireyescovered,theydon'tknowwhatelseisbeingadded.Therefore,nooneknowsexactlywhatthey’repickingout
ofthepot.Soundsliketheultimatesurprise,doesn’tit.
That’sonlythetipoftheicebergwhenitcomestonabemono.Thesehotpotsarejustthestartofawonderfully
deliciousnabemonojourney!
Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?
238/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
A．Afoodandtravelblog.
B．Ahistorytextbook.
C．AJapanesecookbook.
D．Anewswebsite.
【答案】A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了日本四种锅物料理。
3．推理判断题。本文笼统地介绍了日本的四种锅物料理，并未详细说明每一种的做法，所以很可能出现在食物
和旅行博客上。因此，A项“Afoodandtravelblog.(美食和旅游博客)”符合题意。故选A项。
专题 05 阅读理解 III：推理判断
考点 3 读者对象题
考点1 引申推断题
考点2文章来源题
考点3读者对象题
推理判断题
考点4观点态度题
考点5预测推断题
考点6目的意图题
【考纲解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
要求考生阅读 4 篇短 主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意
考查
文，从每题所给的 4 个选 主旨大意、 和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细
项中选出最佳选项。题材 细节理解、 节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解
推理判断、
广泛，包括科普、社会、 全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑
词义猜测、
文化、政治、经济等多方 方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要
篇章结构
面内容。体裁多样，以记 高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。
等题型。
叙文、议论文、说明文为
239/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
主。
【剖析全国高考真题】
阅读理解III：推理判断题 考点3 读者对象题
Writeaone-pagereporttitled“TheBestBookIReadThisYear”andenteritintheBoys’Life “SayYesto
Reading!”contest.
Thebookcanbefictionornonfiction.Butthereporthastobeinyourownwords—500wordstops.Enterinone
ofthesethreeagecategories:
8yearsoldandyounger
9and10yearsold
11yearsoldandolder
First-placewinnersineachagecategorywillreceivea$100giftcardfromAmazon.com.Second-placewinners
willreceivea$75giftcard;third-placewinners,a$50giftcard.
Everyonewhoenterswillgetafreepatchliketheoneonthispage.Thepatchisatemporarysign,soitcanbe
wornontherightpocketoftheScoutuniformshirt.Proudlydisplayitthereoronanotheritemsuchasavest,plaqueor
trophy!Incomingyears,you’llhavetheopportunitytoearnotherpatches.
ThecontestisopentoallBoys’Lifereaders.Besuretoincludeyourname,address,ageandgradeinschoolonthe
entry.
Sendyourreport,alongwithabusiness-size,self-addressed,stampedenvelope,to:
Boys’LifeReadingContest
S306
240/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
P.O.Box152079
Irving,TX75015-2079
EntriesmustbepostmarkedbyDec.31, andmustincludeentryinformationandaself-addressed,stamped
envelope.
1．Whoarethecontestintendedfor?
A．Allschoolstudents.B．Onlyteenagers. C．Boy’sLifereaders. D．Boystudents.
2．Whatisawinnersupposedtodoforthecontest?
A．Writingareportofover500words. B．Sendingtheirentriesby12-31-.
C．Wearingaspecialpatch. D．Sendingsomestamps.
3．Whichofthefollowingwillsponsortheprizesforwinners?
A．Boy’slifeclub. B．Afamouspublisher.
C．Ahighschool. D．Anonlinebookstore.
【答案】1．C2．B3．D
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个名为“TheBestBookIReadThisYear”的写作竞赛。
1．推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“ThecontestisopentoallBoys’Lifereaders(比赛面向所有《男孩生活》的读
者开放)”可知，该比赛面向所有《男孩生活》读者。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“500wordstops(最多 500 字)”排除A选项；根据最后一段“Entriesmustbe
postmarkedbyDec.31,(参赛作品需在 年12月31日之前寄出)”可知，选项B与文意一致，所以为正确答案；
第四段中“Everyonewhoenterswillgetafreepatchliketheoneonthispage.(每个参赛者都会得到一个免费徽章，
就像这个页面上的那样的)”可知，参赛者能免费获得徽章，并不是参赛要求，排除C选项；选项D文章未提
及。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“First-placewinnersineachagecategorywillreceivea$100giftcardfrom
Amazon.com.(每个年龄组的第一名优胜者将获得一张来着亚马逊网站的100美元的礼品卡)”可知，奖品赞助商
为亚马逊网。故选D。
【精讲研法】
阅读理解III：推理判断 考点3读者对象题
【做题实践中找规律】
1.
Whenachildischoking,itmeansthatanobjectisstuckinthetrachea.Whenthishappens,aircan'tflownormally
241/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
intooroutofthelungs,sothechildcantbreatheproperly.
Thetracheaisusuallyprotectedbyepiglottis(喉头盖).Itallowsfoodtopassdownandgointoourstomachandit
alsopreventsfoodfromgoingdownthetrachea.Buteveryonceinawhile,theepiglottisdoesn'tclosefastenoughand
anobjectcanslipintothetrachea.Thisiswhathappenswhensomethinggoesdownthewrongpipe.
Mostofthetime,thefoodorobjectonlypartiallyblocksthetrachea.Ifcoughedup,breathingreturnstonormal
quickly.Kidswhoseemtobechokingandcoughingbutstillcanbreatheandtalkusuallyrecoverwithouthelp.Itcan
beuncomfortableforthem,butthey'regenerallyfineafterafewseconds.
Sometimes,anobjectcangetintothetracheaandcompletelyblocktheairway.Ifairflowintoandoutofthelungs
isblockedandthebrainwillbecomeshortofoxygen,chokingcanbecomealife-threateningemergency.Achildmay
bechokingandneedhelprightawayifheorshecan’tbreatheorcan’ttalkormakenoise.
Ifyouhavekids,it’simportanttogettrainedinbothCPR（心肺夏苏）andthetechniqueofabdominalthrusts(腹
部施压).Evenifyoudon'thavekids,knowinghowtoperformthesefirst-aidprocedureswillletyouhelpifsomeoneis
choking.
Allkidsareatriskforchoking,butthoseyoungerthan3areespeciallyatrisk.Youngkidstendtoputthingsin
theirmouths,havesmallerairwaysthatareeasilyblocked,anddon'thavealotofexperiencechewing,sotheymight
swallowthingswhole.
TakethetimenowtobecomepreparedCPRandfirst-aidcoursesareamustforparent,othercaregivers,and
babysitters.Tofindoneinyourarea,contactyourlocalAmericanRedCross,YMCA,orAmericanHeartAssociation,
orcheckwithhospitalsandhealthdepartmentsinyourcommunity.
1．Whendoeschokingtakeplace?
A．Anobjectgetsdownintothetrachea.
B．Anobjectgetsdownintothestomach.
C．Childreneattoomuchfood.
D．Anobjectchokesthetracheapartly.
2．Achildwillneedfirstaidwhen______.
A．heorshedoesn'tfeelcomfortable B．heorsheisshortoffood
C．thechildcannotbreathe D．thechildcoughsbadly
3．Whomisthetextwrittenfor?
A．Americanparents. B．Japanesevolunteers.
C．Britishdoctors. D．Australianvisitors.
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4．Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?
A．Differentwaysoffirstaid. B．Howchokingtakesplace.
C．Whentoofferfirstaid. D．Thenecessityoflearningfirstaid.
【答案】1．A2．C3．A4．D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章通过说明窒息是怎样发生的以及窒息可能会危及生命，呼吁照顾孩子的人学习一
些急救知识。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Whenachildischoking,itmeansthatanobjectisstuckinthetrachea.”（当一
个孩子窒息时，这意味着有东西卡在气管里了。）可知，当有物体卡在气管，孩子就可能会窒息。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Ifairflowintoandoutofthelungsisblockedandthebrainwillbecomeshortof
oxygen,chokingcanbecomealife-threateningemergency.Achildmaybechokingandneedhelprightawayifheor
shecan’tbreatheorcan’ttalkormakenoise. （如果进出肺部的气流受阻，大脑会出现缺氧，窒息就会危及生命。
如果他或她不能呼吸、不能说话或不能发出声音，孩子可能会窒息，就立即需要帮助。）”可知，当孩子不能呼
吸时，需要马上进行急救。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“TakethetimenowtobecomepreparedCPRandfirst-aidcoursesareamustfor
parentothercaregivers,andbabysitters.（现在花点时间学习CPR，急救课程是父母、照顾孩子的人和保姆所必须
的。）”可知，这篇文章是写给父母看的。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。文章第一、二段提到如果东西卡进孩子的气管，就会引起窒息；第四段提到“chokingcanbecome
alife-threateningemergency.”（窒息会成为危及生命的紧急情况。）说明窒息可能会危及生命；第五段提到“Ifyou
havekids,it’simportanttogettrainedinbothCPRandthetechniqueofabdominalthrusts”（如果你有孩子，接受心
肺复苏和腹部按压技术的培训是很重要的）说明父母学习一些急救知识的重要性；第七段中提到“first-aidcourses
areamustforparent，othercaregivers,andbabysitters.”（急救课程是父母、其他照顾者和保姆必须参加的课程。）
说明急救课程是照顾孩子的人所必学的。因此文章是告诉我们学习一些急救知识的必要性。故选D。
2.
HotSpotsforRetireestoStartTheirEncoreCareer
EncoreCareer:VocationalSchoolInstructor
Retirein:LosAngeles,CA
EversinceIBMCEOGinniRomettycoinedtheterm“newcollar”todescribewell-paidjobsthatrequirespecific
skillsbutnotnecessarilyadegree,vocationalschoolshavemadeaseriouscomeback.Apparentlyinstructorsarein
shortsupplyinsunnyL.A．,wherethereare13jobsatvocationalschoolsforeveryapplicantonthemarket.Thisisa
greatopportunityforskilledretireessince,unliketeachingatapublicschoolthatrequiresastatecertificate,theonly
243/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
requirementhereisthatyoubeaseasonedexpertinyourfield.
EncoreCareer:BusinessConsultant
Retirein:Miami,FL
Consultingisagreatoptionforaretiredbusinessprofessionallookingtomaketheirownhours,betheirownboss,
andearnasmuchoraslittleasneededtomaintaintheirstandardofliving.ForeveryconsultantinMiamirightnow
thereare13businesseshopingtohirethem.There’sevengreaterdemandherethaninWashingtonD．C．,whichis
typicallyconsideredtheconsultingcapitaloftheworld.
EncoreCareer:TouristWrangler
Retirein:Austin,TX
AstheeconomycontinuestoboomandmoreAmericanshaveextraincometospend,thetourismindustryhas
takenoff.ThisisparticularlytrueinAustin,TX,wheretherewereastonishing36tourismjobsforeveryapplicantin
July.Betweenfour-starhotels,thenoisyrockn’rollscene,andanewfoodculture,Austinistheplacetobeifyouwant
toworkinserviceindustry.
EncoreCareer:SupporteroftheArts
Retirein:Charleston,SC
Ifyou’reaBabyBoomerwithadegreeinthearts,nowcouldbetheperfecttimetorevisityourpassionfor
creativity,especiallyifyoualsowanttoliveinthecenterofsoutherncharm.Betweenthe14artgalleriesonKing
StreetinOldTown,anabundanceofactingcompaniesandtheaters,andmusicfestivals,it’snotsurprisingtherewere
25jobsforeveryartyapplicantiiiCharleston.
1．Whichcareerfocusesonanapplicant’sskillsinsteadofadiploma?
A．VocationalSchoolInstructor. B．BusinessConsultant.
C．TouristWrangler. D．SupporteroftheArts.
2．Whichcityoffersanapplicantmorejoboptionsthantheothers?
A．LosAngeles. B．Miami. C．Austin. D．Charleston.
3．Whoisthetextintendedfor?
A．Children. B．Graduates. C．Retirees. D．Tourists.
【答案】1．A2．C3．C
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个退休人员可以重新开始职业生涯的热门地点，以及这些地点的详细
情况和职业的要求。
244/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
1．细节理解题。第一段最后一句Thisisagreatopportunityforskilledretireessince,unliketeachingatapublicschool
thatrequiresastatecertificate,theonlyrequirementhereisthatyoubeaseasonedexpertinyourfield.可知Vocational
SchoolInstructor岗位对有技能的退休人员来说是一个很好的机会，因为不像在公立学校教书需要国家证书，这
里唯一的要求是你在你的领域里是一个经验丰富的专家，即注重申请人的技能，而不是文凭。所以“职业学校讲
师”这个职业更注重求职者的技能，而不是文凭。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第一、二句AstheeconomycontinuestoboomandmoreAmericanshaveextra
incometospend,thetourismindustryhastakenoff.ThisisparticularlytrueinAustin,TX,wheretherewere
astonishing36tourismjobsforeveryapplicantinJuly.可知随着经济持续繁荣，越来越多的美国人有额外的收入可
以消费，旅游业也开始腾飞。德克萨斯州奥斯汀的情况尤其如此，今年7月，该州旅游业的就业岗位达到了惊
人的36个。可知奥斯汀给求职者提供的工作选择比其他城市多。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据文章的标题HotSpotsforRetireestoStartTheirEncoreCareer以及文章主要介绍了两个退休
人员可以重新开始职业生涯的热门地方，故文章是针对退休人员的。故选C。
规律方法：如何解决读者对象题？
做此类题目通常从文章内容入手，明确所谈话题及具体内容，体会作者使用的语言适合于哪一群体，这样
才能根据文章的特点对号入座，从而得出正确判断。
【变式精讲】
1.(B)
Howtogetyourtaxrefund
Atthestore
GetaGlobalBlueTaxFreeForm.IfyoudonothaveaSHOPTAXFREECard,see“Howtofillin
yourTaxFreeForms”.
MakesureyourTaxFreeFormisfilledinbeforearrivingatthepointofdeparture.
Remembernorefundwithout:
Completed Receipts Customs
Form attached validation(验证)
Atthepointofdeparture
Fornon-EUresidentsonly
Goodscarriedinchecked-inluggage:
245/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
1.Checkyourluggageinatthecheck-incounter;tellthecheck-inclerkyouneeditbackforCustoms
purposes.
2.TakethelabelledluggagetoCustoms,showthegoods,andhaveyourTaxFreeFormsstamped.
3.CashinyourstampedFormattheappropriaterefundserviceprovider.
Goodscarriedinhandluggage:
1.GotoCustomsafterpassportcontrol,showthegoods,andhaveyourTaxFreeFormsstamped.
Pleasenote:CustomsclearanceofgoodsinhandluggagecanonlytakeplaceatthelastEUairport
beforeyoufinallyleavetheEU.
2.CashinyourstampedFormattheappropriatebankcounterorpostittotheappropriaterefund
serviceprovider.
Allowtimefortherefundprocess.GotoCustomsbeforeoraftercheck-in,seeRefundOfficelist.
PresentyourcompletedTaxFreeForms,receipts,passport,andpurchaseditemstogetastamp.
GotoaRefundOfficedisplayingtheGlobalBluelogo(标识).Receiveyourrefundpaidtoyourcredit
cardwithinfivedaysorincash.
Inarush?MailyourstampedandcompletedTaxFreeFormsandreceiptsbacktousintheenvelope
providedandgetyourrefundpaidtoyourcreditcardwithinthreeweeks.
*EU:EuropeanUnion
60.Whomistheaboveinformationintendedfor?
A.EUresidentswhowanttogettheirtaxrefunded.
B.Non-EUresidentswhoaregoingtotravelinEU.
C.EUresidentswhohaveGlobalBlueTaxFreeForms.
D.Non-EUresidentswhoareleavingEUafterpurchases.
61.Togetyourtaxrefund,youneedto_____afterhavingyourluggagecheckedinifyou’veputyourpurchasedgoods
inyourcheck-inluggage.
A.showyourpurchasedgoodstothecheck-inclerk
B.cashinyourstampedFormatthecheck-incounter
C.takebackyourluggagetotheCustomstogetastamp
D.gototheCustomstofillinaformwithouttheluggage
246/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
62.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?
A.It’samusttoattachthereceiptstotheformtogetyourtaxrefund.
B.It’sunnecessarytoshowyourpassporttotheCustomsforastamp.
C.Youcangetyourrefundincashafterpostingyourformifinahurry.
D.Youcangetyourrefundbycreditcardatonceattheappropriatecounter.
【答案】60.D 61.C 62.A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是如何办理退税。
60.细节理解题。根据文中 For non-EU residents only 和 Customs clearance of goods in hand luggage can only
takeplaceatthelastEUairportbeforeyoufinallyleavetheEU.可知，以上资料是提供给“购买后即将离开欧盟
的非欧盟居民。”故选D。
61.细节理解题。根据GotoCustomsbeforeoraftercheck-in，seeRefundOfficelist.PresentyourcompletedTaxFree
Forms，receipts，passport，andpurchaseditemstogetastamp.可知，如果您已将购买的物品放入托运行李中，您
需要在办理行李托运手续后将行李带回海关盖章，以便退税。故选C。
【点睛】做推理判断题时，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、
态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。本题第3
小题，根据最后一段中 In a rush? Mail your stamped and completed Tax Free Forms and receipts back to us in the
envelopeprovidedandgetyourrefundpaidtoyourcreditcardwithinthreeweeks.可知，你必须把收据附在表格上才
能退税。故选A。
2.
AsubscriptiontoTIMEforKidsincludesthefollowing:
Keyarticlesavailableattworeadinglevels;selectarticlesavailableatthreereadinglevels;
AccessibilityfeaturesavailablethroughthedigitalmagazineincludingkeyarticleswithfullSpanishtranslation,
read-aloud,andembeddedvocabularysupport;
Lessonplansandteachingresourcesforeachissue,includingreadingassessments.
-HalfYearPricing
247/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
Pricesareperstudentforhalftheschoolyear.
Shipping&Handlingincludedinpricing.
Needacustompricequote?
Ifyouareorderingmorethan750subscriptions,weareheretohelpwithavolumediscount.Completethisform
orcontactcustomerserviceat1-800-777-8600.
Needtotryit?
Greatnews!TIMEforKidsstudentaccessisfreetosubscribers!However,forALLthegreatfunctionalityof
TIMEforKids,subscribetodayforfullaccesstonewfeaturesastheyarereleased.
Needhelpwithfunding?
IfyouareinterestedinpurchasingasubscriptiontoTIMEforKidsforyourstudentsbutarestrugglingwith
funding,thefollowingresourcesmayhelpyoulocateadditionalfundingfromgovernmentprogramsandgrants.
1．Howmuchshouldyoupayifyouareordering500subscriptionsforawholeyear?
A．$1600 B．$1780
C．$3200 D．$3560
2．SubscribersofTIMEforKidswillgetthefollowingEXCEPT______.
A．keyandselectarticles B．teachers'guides
C．digitalmaterials D．schoolfunds
3．Thispassageismostlikelyintendedfor___________.
A．teachers B．parents
C．students D．children
【答案】1．C2．D3．A
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了《时代周刊》儿童版的内容、订阅价格以及优惠等。
1．细节理解题。从价格表可知，预定价格超过300份的话，半年价格是3.2美元/份，所以预定 500份一年是
3200美元。故选C。
248/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
2．细节理解题。根据文中第一部分的关键词“Keyarticlesavailableattworeadinglevels； thedigitalmagazine；
Lessonplansandteachingresources” ，D选项不包括在内，故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第一部分第三条“Lessonplansandteachingresourcesforeachissue,includingreading
assessments.”可知此版本中有课程计划和教学资源，是为教师准备的。另外最后一段“Ifyouareinterestedin
purchasingasubscriptiontoTIMEforKidsforyourstudentsbutarestrugglingwithfunding,”中的关键词“your
students”可知，此广告是针对教师的，故选A。
专题 05 阅读理解 III：推理判断
考点 4 观点态度题
考点1 引申推断题
考点2文章来源题
考点3读者对象题
推理判断题
考点4观点态度题
考点5预测推断题
考点6目的意图题
【考纲解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
要求考生阅读 4 篇短 主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意
文，从每题所给的 4 个选 和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细
考查
项中选出最佳选项。题材 节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解
主旨大意、
广泛，包括科普、社会、 全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑
细节理解、
文化、政治、经济等多方 方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要
推理判断、
面内容。体裁多样，以记 高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。
词义猜测、
叙文、议论文、说明文为 篇章结构
主。 等题型。
249/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向
阅读理解III：推理判断题 考点4 观点态度题
【·全国I】
Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewer
injuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.
Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe
50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport’srulesrequirethatarace
walker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatall
times.It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,an
assistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.
Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkers
movingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwice
asmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormore
caloriesperhour.
However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoher
research,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonot
leavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.
Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonamong
racewalkers.Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewitha
historyofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalking
shouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessome
practice.306
Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoracewalking?
A．Skeptical. B．Objective.
C．Tolerant. D．Conservative.
【答案】B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运
动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。
推理判断题。根据第一段“Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikely
250/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
contributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健
身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选
B项。
【精讲研法】
阅读理解III：推理判断 考点4观点态度题
【做题实践中找规律】
1.
BeijingresidentHouLixinstartedeatingmealreplacementproductsinFebruarywhenshewantedtoloseweight.
Sheboughtvariousmealreplacementproductsonlineandatethemformorethanamonth.
“Mostofthemdon’ttastegood,butatleasttheyhavelowcaloriesandareconvenienttobuy,storeandcook,”she
said,addingtheproductsheconsumedgaveastrongsenseoffullness.
Houisbynomeansalone.Mealreplacementproducts,orsubstitutesforregularmealsthatcanfillyouupwith
low-calorieintakes,appearasapotentialbigmarketinChina,drivenbyChineseconsumer’demandforproductsthat
canhelpinweightcontrolandofferconvenience,expertssaid.
Themostcommonmealreplacementproductsincludepowders,liquids,shakes,porridgesandenergybars
containingfiber,protein,vitamin,mineralsandothernutritiouscontent.
Themealreplacementmarketisattheearlystageofcompetitionandthereisbigroomforfuturedevelopment,
likeintheUnitedStatesandJapan.EuromonitorInternational,amarketresearchcompany,saidsalesrevenueofmeal
replacementproductsinChinahit57.17billionyuanin2017andisexpectedtoreach120billionyuanby2022.More
fast-movingconsumergoodsgiantsarepartakinginthemarketaction.PepsiCo’soatbrandQuakerreleasedanew
shakeproductinJune.AmajorChinesesnackbrandBestorereleased27mealreplacementproductsinAugust.
JiaJianbin,secretarygeneralatChineseCerealsandOilsAssociation,toldCCTVreporterthatdespiteitspossible
effectivenessthatmanypeoplebelieve,thiswayofweightlossmaybringgreaterharmasitbreaksthebalanceof
nutritionandfood.Asaresult,itcanonlybeatemporarymove,notalong-termuse.
“Cerealmealreplacementpowder,forexample,ismainlycomposedofcarbohydrates(碳水化合物),whichhave
enoughcalories，butthevitaminsandmineralsarenotenough.Instead,itisbettertosoakoatmeal(燕麦片)inmilk,
whichmaybemorenutritiousandmoreeconomical,”saidGuZhongyi,adietitianoftheBeijingDieteticAssociation.
“Mealreplacementscanbeanalternativeforbusyworkers,buttheyarenosubstituteforabalanceddiet,andtrynotto
eatmorethanonemealaday.”
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1．TheauthorquotestheexampleofHouLixinto_________.
A．showanefficientwaytoloseweight
B．promotethemealreplacementproducts
C．introducethetopicofmealreplacementproducts
D．arousereaders’interestinthemealreplacementproducts
2．WhyaremealreplacementproductspopularamongmanyChineseconsumers?
A．Becausetheyarehighlyrecommendedbyhealthexperts.
B．Becausetheyarehelpfultocontrolweightandbringconvenience.
C．Becausetheyhavealargemarketshareinthefoodmarket.
D．Becausetheyprovidevariousformsandflavorsfortheconsumers.
3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“partaking”inParagraph5mean?
A．Participating. B．Advertising.
C．Experimenting. D．Cooperating.
4．WhatattitudedoJiaJianbinandGuZhongyihavetowardsthemealreplacementproducts?
A．Cautious. B．Favorable.
C．Disapproving. D．Confused.
【答案】1．C2．B3．A4．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章对代餐产品市场的火爆和专家们对此所持的态度进行了说明。
1．目的意图题。根据第三段第一句和第二句“Houisbynomeansalone.Mealreplacementproducts,orsubstitutesfor
regularmealsthatcanfillyouupwithlow-calorieintakes,appearasapotentialbigmarketinChina,drivenbyChinese
consumer’demandforproductsthatcanhelpinweightcontrolandofferconvenience,expertssaid.(侯立新绝非个例。
专家称，由于中国消费者对有助于控制体重和提供方便的产品的需求，膳食替代产品，即可以用低热量摄入填
饱肚子的常规膳食的替代品，在中国似乎是一个潜在的大市场)”可知，作者以侯立新为例是为了介绍代餐产品
的话题。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Mealreplacementproducts,orsubstitutesforregularmealsthatcanfillyouup
withlow-calorieintakes,appearasapotentialbigmarketinChina,drivenbyChineseconsumer’demandforproducts
thatcanhelpinweightcontrolandofferconvenience,expertssaid.(专家称，由于中国消费者对有助于控制体重和提
供方便的产品的需求，膳食替代产品，即可以用低热量摄入填饱肚子的常规膳食的替代品，在中国似乎是一个
潜在的大市场)”可知，因为它们有助于控制体重和带来方便，所以代餐产品在许多中国消费者中非常流行。故
选B。
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3．词句猜测题。根据第五段最后两句“PepsiCo’soatbrandQuakerreleasedanewshakeproductinJune.Amajor
ChinesesnackbrandBestorereleased27mealreplacementproductsinAugust.(百事公司的燕麦品牌桂格在六月发
布了一款新的奶昔产品。今年8月，中国主要的零食品牌百思买推出了27款代餐产品)”可推知，更多的快消品
巨头也参与了市场行动。fast-movingconsumergoodsgiants(快消品巨头)指的就是桂格、百思买等公司。由此推
知，划线词partaking意为“加入，参加”。故选A。
4．观点态度题。根据倒第二段第一句“Jia Jianbin, secretary general at Chinese Cereals and OilsAssociation, told
CCTV reporter that despite its possible effectiveness that many people believe, this way of weight loss may bring
greater harmasitbreaksthebalance ofnutritionandfood.”(中国粮油协会秘书长贾建斌告诉央视记
者，尽管很多人认为这种减肥方式可能有效，但它可能带来更大的危害，因为它打破了营养和食物的平衡。)
和最后一段最后一句“Meal replacements can be an alternative for busy workers, but they are no substitute for a
balanceddiet,andtrynottoeatmorethanone mealaday.”(代餐可以替代忙碌的工人，但他们不能替
代均衡的饮食，尽量不吃超过一餐一天。)可知，这两人认为代餐的坏处大过好处，所以对此持否定态度。故选
C。
2.
AndrewGreydoesn’tfitmostpeople’sideaofanastronomer.Heworksinacarrepairshop,notinalabor
university,yettheAustralianrepairmandiscoveredastarsystemhidingindatafromNASA’sKeplerspacetelescope.
Mr.Greyisoneofmillionsofcitizenscientistshelpingresearcherstoexpandcollectiveunderstanding.For
centuries,onlyafewordinarypeoplehadbeencontributingtoscience,butadvancesintechnologyhavebroughta
higherlevelofdemocratization(民主化)toscience.
“Thisisacollaborative(合作的)effortthatanyonecouldgetinvolvedin,”saysChrisLincoln,anOxford
Universityastrophysicist(天体物理学家)andcofounderofZooniverse,aplatformthathostsdozensofcitizenscience
projects.Citizenscientistscancontributetobreakthroughsinalmostanyfield,fromecologytoastrophysics.
“Aslongaspatternrecognitionisinvolved,therearenolimitstowhatcanbecomeacitizenscienceproject,”Dr.
Lintonsays.“Anyonecanidentifypatternsinimages,graphs,orevenseeminglyboringdataafterashorttutorial.
Machinelearningallowscomputerstodosomepatternrecognition.Buthumans,particularlyamateurscientists,don’t
stayfocusedonwhatthey’resupposedto.Andthat’sgood,becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsins
dataset.
“Andcitizensciencedoesn’thavetobedirectedbyascientist,”saysSheilaJasanoff,directoroftheProgramon
Science,TechnologyandSocietyatHarvardUniversity.“Citizensproducingknowledgeinplaceswhereofficialorgans
havefailedthencanalsobecitizenscientists,”shesays.That’swhathappenedinFlint,Michigan,whenalocalmother
starteddrinkingwaterteststhatcausedabroaderinvestigationofleadlevels.
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Citizen-poweredresearchisasoldasscientificinquiry.Forcenturiesbeforesciencebecameprofessionalized,
regularpeoplelookedforpatternsintheworldaroundthem.Despitealotofadvancedequipmentandcomputermodels,
scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydaypeople.
Asaprofessionalscientisthimself,Lintottsays,“Peoplethinkthatwereintelligent,butscienceiseasyandwe
needyourhelp.”
1．Whatmadecitizenscientistsappear?
A．Thehighlevelofscienceprojects B．Thedevelopmentoftechnology.
C．Thesupportofthegovernment. D．ThefoundationofZooniverse.
2．Whatisahumanadvantageinpatternrecognitioncomparedwithmachines?
A．Humanscanidentifypatternsmareswiftly.
B．Humansfocustheirattentionondata.
C．Humanscanobserveuncommonthings.
D．Humanshavestrongeremotions.
3．WhatisLincon’sattitudetowardscitizenscience?
A．Favorable. B．Cautious.
C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.
【答案】1．B2．C3．A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了这样的观点：科学研究并不专属于科学家，平民科学家对科学研究
也有很大的帮助。
1．细节理解题。由第二段中的 Forcenturies,onlyafewordinarypeoplehadbeencontributingtoscience,but
advancesintechnologyhavebroughtahigherlevelofdemocratizationtoscience.（几个世纪以来，只有少数普通人
对科学作出了贡献，但技术的进步使科学的民主化程度提高了。）可知，由于科技的发展使得科学趋于民主化，
更多的平民才能接触到科学。故选B项。
2．推理判断题。由第四段中的 Machinelearningallowscomputerstodosomepatternrecognition.Buthumans,
particularlyamateurscientists,don’tstayfocusedonwhatthey’resupposedto.Andthat’sgood,becausepeoplewhodo
thatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset.（机器学习允许计算机进行一些模式识别。但是人类，尤其是业余科学
家，不会专注于他们应该做的事情。这很好，因为这样做的人会注意到数据集中不寻常的东西。）可推知，和机
器相比，人更能注意到数据里一些特殊的东西。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。由最后一段中的 Asaprofessionalscientisthimself,Lintottsays,“Peoplethinkthatwe’reintelligent,
butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp”（作为一名专业的科学家，Lintott说:“人们认为我们很聪明，但是科学
254/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
很简单，我们需要你的帮助。”）可推知，Lintott认为科学家需要这些平民科学家的帮助，因此Lintott对平民
科学是非常赞同的。故选A项。
3.
Theshadowplayisatypicaltraditionalentertainmentthathassurvivedandthrivedoverthecenturies.Itistaken
asanearliestancestorofmoderncinema.
Legendhasitthatmorethan2,000yearsago,EmperorWuofHanwasverydepressedaboutthedeathofhis
favoriteconcubine(妃子).Tohelphimgetoverhissadness,aministermadeapuppetoutofcottonandsilkinthe
likenessoftheconcubineandprojecteditsshadowonacurtainfortheemperortosee.Theshowbroughttheemperor
somecomfort.Hesomehowbelievedtheshadowwashislover'sspirit.Thisisthoughttobethebeginningofthe
shadowplay.
Onemouthtellsstoriesofthousandsofyears;apairofhandsoperatemillionsofsoldiers.Thisishowtheshadow
puppeteerworks.Nicknamed“thebusinessofthefive”， ashadowplaygroupismadeupoffivepeople.Oneoperates
thepuppets,oneplaysasuonaandayueqin,oneplaysthebanhu,oneisinchargeofpercussion(打击乐器)
instruments,andonesings.
Duringperformances,“actors”areheldclosetoawhitecurtainwiththeircoloredshadowscastonitbyastrong
lightfrombehind.Theoperatorplaysfivepuppetsatthesametime,eachofwhichhasthreethreads.Tenfingershandle
fifteenthreads.Movedbyguidingsticks,thepuppetsplayroleswithmusicalaccompaniment.Thepopularityofthe
shadowplayinsomewayliesintheequipmentbeinglightandeasytocarry,thesmallnumberofpeopleneededfora
performance,andtheflexiblerequirementsforperformanceplaces.Theplayscanbequitedramaticand,whenitcomes
tomythsorkungfustories,the“actors”maybemadetorideoncloudsorperformunusualfeats,tothegreatenjoyment
oftheaudience,especiallychildren.
Thedesignofthefiguresfollowstraditionalmoralevaluation.Theaudiencecantellafigure'scharacterbyseeing
hismask.LikethemasksinBeijingopera,aredmaskrepresentsloyaltyandbravery,ablackmask,integrity(正直)
andselflessness,andawhiteone,wickednessandbetrayal.
Nowadays,theshadowplayhasbeenindustrializedanddevelopedaseriesoftouristproductsforthepromotionof
Chinesecultureandtourism.
1．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?
A．AlovestoryofEmperorWuofHan.
B．Howtopleaseanemperor.
C．Theoriginoftheshadowplay.
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D．Howtomakeacottonpuppet.
2．Accordingtotheauthor,theaudiencemaytakegreatpleasure________.
A．whenrolesareplayedwithoutmusic
B．becausetheequipmentislighttocarry
C．whenthepuppetsgivelivelyperformances
D．becausethenumberoftheoperatorsissmall
3．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A．TheRapidDevelopmentofBeijingOpera
B．ShadowPuppetry:ATraditionalArt
C．TheBusinessoftheFive:AShadowPlayGroup
D．TraditionalCharactersandMasksinBeijingOpera
4．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefutureoftheshadowplay?
A．Negative. B．Doubtful.
C．Positive. D．Unconcerned.
【答案】1．C2．C3．B4．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了皮影戏是一种典型的传统娱乐活动，在过去的几个世纪中一直存在并
繁荣发展，它被认为是现代电影的雏形。
1．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Legendhasitthatmorethan2，000yearsago，EmperorWudioftheWesternHan
Dynastywasverydepressedoverthedeathofhisfavoriteconcubine（妃子）.Tohelphimgetoverhissadness，a
ministermadeapuppetoutofcottonandsilkinthelikenessoftheconcubineandprojecteditsshadowonacurtainfor
theemperortosee.Theshowbroughttheemperorsomecomfort.Hesomehowbelievedtheshadowwashislover's
spirit.Thisisthoughttobethebeginningoftheshadowplay.(相传在2000年前，西汉皇帝汉武帝因其最爱的妃子去
世而感到沮丧。为了帮助他摆脱悲伤，一名大臣用棉花和丝线制成了一个像妃子一样的木偶并将其影子投射在
幕布上供皇帝看。这个表演使皇帝感到了些安慰。他相信影子是妃子精神的存在。人们认为这是皮影戏的开始。)”
因此第二段主要讲的是皮影戏的由来。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“the“actors”maybemadetorideoncloudsorperformunusualfeats,tothe
greatenjoymentoftheaudience,especiallychildren.(“演员”骑在云上或表演非凡的壮举，以使观众特别是孩子们感
到极大的享受。)”可知，当有人操作木偶进行活跃的表演时观众可能会很高兴。故选C。
3．主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段可知，皮影戏是一种典型的传统娱乐活动，在过去的几个世纪中一直存
在并繁荣发展，它被认为是现代电影的雏形。因此文章的最佳标题是“皮影戏：传统手工艺”，它符合文章的内
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容。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Nowadays,theshadowplayhasbeenindustrializedanddevelopedaseriesof
touristproductsforthepromotionofChinesecultureandtourism.”可知，如今皮影戏已经产业化，并开发了一系列
旅游产品来促进中国文化和旅游业的发展。)”因此作者对皮影戏的未来持肯定态度。故选C。
4.
WalkpastanyBath&BodyWorksstoreandyou'llseeacolourfuldisplayofpopularantibacterialsoaps.Soldin
thickplasticcontainerswithheavyfoam （泡沫）—producingpumpsontopandloadedwithnicesmell,theseliquid
soapsareseeneverywhere.Besidestheirplasticpackaging,theyare'antibacterial,'asaresomanyothersoaps,body
scrubs（磨砂膏）,andlipsticksthesedays,nottomentionhouseholdcleanersandevenmattresses.Theworldhasgone
crazyforantibacterialproducts-but,unfortunately,antibacterialisbad.
Keepinmindthatantibacterialsoapisnomoreeffectiveatkillinggermsthanregularsoap.Usingantibacterial
soapmayevenleadtothedevelopmentofbacteriathatareresistanttotheproductsantimicrobialagents-makingit
hardertokillthesegermsinthefuture.
Theproblemisthattheyleaveasurfaceleftoverafterbeingwashedorwipedaway.Thisleftoverissupposedto
continuekillingafterwards,butitcanalsopromotethegrowthofresistantbacteria,whicharestrongerthantheoriginal
bacteria.Triclosan（三氯生），acommonmixedmaterialinantibacterialsoapsandhandwashingliquids,isaprobable
humancarcinogen （致癌物）.Triclosan,alsoknownasMicroban,hasbeenfoundinbreastmilkandexistsin60
percentofAmericanwaterways,whichopensapathwayforpotentialpollutionoffood.In2009,theCanadianMedical
Associationcalledonitsgovernmenttobanallantibacterialproductsbutwasunsuccessful.
Asunexcitingasitis,plainoldbarsoapisthewaytogo.Regularsoapworksbylooseningdirt,oil,andmicrobes
sotheycanbewashedaway.Effectivehandwashingrequiresvigorouswashingofallsurfacesandshouldlastatleast
20seconds.Abarofsoaprequireslittletonopackaging,andthegreenestoptionisonewithavegetableglycerinebase,
freefromchemicalsmellandharmfulmaterials.
1．Whatdoesusingantibacterialsoapresultin?
A．Makingthingscleaner. B．Killingmoregerms.
C．Keepingthingsmorehealthy. D．Promotingthedevelopmentofbacteria.
2．What'stheauthor' sattitudetowardstheantibacterialsoaps?
A．supportive B．anxious C．opposed D．uninterested
3．Whatdoestheunderlined"they"inparagraph3referto?
A．Originalbacteria. B．Antibacterialsoaps.
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C．Householdcleaners. D．Antimicrobialagents.
4．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestinthelastparagraph?
A．Usingregularsoapsisthebestoption.
B．Washinghandsneedslongertimethanever.
C．Buyingsoapswithnopackingandchemicals.
D．Keepingantibacterialsoapisbeneficialtohealth.
【答案】1．D2．C3．B4．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了抗菌肥皂带来的负面影响，并建议使用常规肥皂。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Thisleftoverissupposedtocontinuekillingafterwards,butitcanalsopromotethe
growthofresistantbacteria,whicharestrongerthantheoriginalbacteria.（这种残余物之后应该会继续杀灭，但它也
能促进耐药细菌的生长，比原来的细菌更强。）”可知，使用抗菌肥皂会促进细菌的成长。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Theworldhasgonecrazyforantibacterialproducts-but,unfortunately,antibacterial
isbad.（世界为抗菌产品疯狂——但不幸的是，抗菌是有害的。）”以及第二段“Keepinmindthatantibacterialsoap
isnomoreeffectiveatkillinggermsthanregularsoap.（记住，抗菌肥皂并不比普通肥皂更有效地杀灭细菌。）”可
判断，作者对抗菌皂持反对态度。故选C项。
3．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“Usingantibacterialsoapmayevenleadtothedevelopmentofbacteriathatare
resistanttotheproductsantimicrobialagents-makingithardertokillthesegermsinthefuture.（使用抗菌肥皂甚至可
能导致对抗菌产品产生抗药性的细菌的产生——使将来更难杀死这些细菌。）”以及第三段“Theproblemisthat
theyleaveasurfaceleftoverafterbeingwashedorwipedaway.（问题是它们在被清洗或擦拭后会留下表面残留
物。）”可知，第三段的they指的是抗菌肥皂。故选B项。
4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Asunexcitingasitis,plainoldbarsoapisthewaytogo.（虽然平淡无奇，但
普通的肥皂还是不错的选择。）”可知，作者建议使用常规肥皂是很好的选择。故选A项。
5.Manypeoplebelievethatthereisoneformoftheirlanguagethatismorecorrectthanothers.Theymaybelieve
forexamplethatBritishEnglishismorecorrectthanothervarieties;orthatwrittenEnglishismorecorrectthanspoken
English.Oftenthisbeliefissupportedbyreferencebookstogrammars,usageguidesordictionaries:Ifsomethinggoes
againstaruleinagrammar,orifthewordisn’tinthedictionary,it“mustbewrong”.Sincethereferencebooksare
mostoftenbasedonobservationofthestandardwrittenlanguage,theargumentisreallycircular:Thesebookswill
naturallydescribestandardusage,becausethatiswhattheyarefor;butthisdoesnotmeanthatthereisanythingwrong
withotherkindsofusagethatarelessoftendescribed.
Abetterwayoflookingatthingsistosaythatusageis“correctinitsplace”.StandardAmericanEnglishiscorrect
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inAmerica,andformalwrittengrammarisemployedinformalwriting.Sothismeansthereisnoanswertothe
question:“WhatkindofEnglishshouldlearnersstudy?”Itdependsontheirpurposes.Formanylearners,thebest
modelisoneorotherofthetwomainstandardvarieties:BritishorAmericanEnglish.Neitheroftheseis“better”than
theother,andtheyarebothusedandunderstoodworldwide.
Peoplearealsoworriedbylanguagechange.Ifyoungerpeople“break”therulesthatolderpeoplehavelearnt,
olderpeopleoftenfeeldisturbed:theyareconcernedthatyoungerpeoplenolongerknowtheirgrammar,andthatthe
languageisgoingdownhill.Thisisaneedlessworry:changeisnaturalandinevitable,itcannotbestopped,anditdoes
notgenerallyaffectalanguagesefficiencyasacommunicativetool.AgreatdealofmodemEnglishgrammarwould
havebeenwrongthreehundredyearsago,andwillperhapsbewrongagainthreehundredyearsfromnow.
1．Whatcanweinferfromparagraph1?
A．Learnersarealwaysconfusedbythereferencebooks.
B．Somewrongusagescanbefoundinthereferencebooks.
C．Nobodycanchallengetheauthorityofthereferencebooks.
D．Usagesnotmentionedinthereferencebooksarenotnecessarilywrong.
2．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?
A．Thereisno“standardEnglish”.
B．AmericanEnglishisbetterthanBritishEnglish.
C．AlearnershouldmasterallthedistinctionsofdifferentEnglish.
D．ThedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.
3．Whichwordcanreplacetheunderlinedword“inevitable”inparagraph3?
A．Avoidable. B．Formal. C．Certain. D．Temporary.
4．WhatistheauthorsattitudetowardsthechangesofEnglish?
A．Disturbed. B．Optimistic. C．Cautious. D．Doubtful.
【答案】1．D2．A3．C4． B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了作者对于语言方面的看法。作者认为没有所谓的“一定正确”和“一定
错误”的语言，同时也不必担心语言的发展变化，它通常不会影响语言作为交流工具的效率。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段末尾句内容“…butthisdoesnotmeanthatthereisanythingwrongwithotherkinds
ofusagethatarelessoftendescribed.”可知，这并不意味着较少被描述的其他用法有任何问题。由此可知，选项
D“Usagesnotmentionedinthereferencebooksarenotnecessarilywrong.(参考书中没有提到的用法不一定是错
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的。)”为基于原文基础上的合理推论。故选D项。
2．主旨大意题。通过阅读文章第二段可知：Sothismeansthereisnoanswertothequestion:‘WhatkindofEnglish
shouldlearnersstudy?’(所以这就意味着这个问题没有答案：“学习者应该学什么样的英语?”)应是本段主旨句，即，
并没有标准英语之说。故选A项。
3．词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句后文的进一步解释“itcannotbestopped”可知，变化是不能停止的，由此可
推知，划线单词所在句“changeisnaturalandinevitable”应与后文表达含义相同，即变化是自然的，无法停止，不
可抗拒。因此，“inevitable”应是“必然的；无法避免的”含义，与选项C“Certain(肯定的)”含义相同。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章末尾内容“Thisisaneedlessworry:changeisnaturalandinevitable,itcannotbestopped,
anditdoesnotgenerallyaffectalanguagesefficiencyasacommunicativetool.”可知，在作者看来这是一个不必要的
担忧，因为变化是自然的和不可避免的，它不能停止，它一般不会影响语言作为交流工具的效率。由此可推知，
对于英语的变化，作者是持乐观态度的。故选B项。
规律方法：如何解决观点态度题？
做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非也就是三种：支持、赞同、乐观；反
对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如
possible,impossible,seem,strange等。这时需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一
致的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间，需要通读全文，才能做出正确的判断。注
意熟悉一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语。
褒义词有：supportive(支持的)；positive(积极的)；optimistic(乐观的)；enthusiastic(热情的)等。
贬义词有：negative(否定的，消极的)；ironic(讽刺的)；critical(批评的)；disgusted(厌恶的)；disappointed(失
望的)等。
中性词有：indifferent(漠不关心的)；uninterested(不感兴趣的)；objective(客观的)；neutral(中立的)等。
【变式精讲】
1.
Justover12monthsagoIgavemyselfachallenge:giveupspendingonallbuttheessentialsforawholeyear.It
hasn'talwaysbeeneasy,butayearonIamwealthierandwiser.Embarrassingly,Ihavealsorealizedjusthowmuch
moneyI'vesquandereddownthepub,inrestaurantsandthroughmindlessshopping.
Freeofanyfinancialworries,Iwasspendingwithoutthinking.Stuckinacycleofconsumerism,Iwasstruggling
invaintospendmywaytohappiness.GivingupspendingforayearwasanextremeapproachbutIwantedtotaste
extremefrugality(节俭),shakeupmyspendingpatternsandoverpaymymortgage(按揭)insteadofshopping.Icould
continuetopaymybills,includingmortgages,broadband,phonebill,charitydonations,lifeinsurances,moneytohelp
myfamilyandbasicgroceries.
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Itwasnoteasy,especiallyinthefirstfewmonths.Therewerelows,suchaswhenImissedmyfavouritejazz
concertsandhitfilms.TherehavealsobeensomeawkwardmomentswhenI'veturneduptoafriend'shousefordinner
empty-handed.Ididalotofwashingupatmyfriends'housesinreturnthisyear.
Ididfindnewwaystolive,however.UsingsitessuchasEventbriteIhavebeentofilmscreenings,winetasting
eveningsandtheatreproductionsforfree.LivinginLondonIhaveawealthoffreeculturalactivitiesonmydoorstep
andI'vebeentomoreartexhibitionsthisyearthaneverbefore.Ievenmanagedafreeholiday,cyclingtheSuffolkand
Norfolkcoastandcampingonbeaches.It'ssomethingI'dneverdonebeforeandprobablywouldn'thave,wereitnotfor
thechallenge.
Thelast12monthshavetaughtmewhatthingsIreallyneed.IcanhonestlysayI'mhappiernow.I'vegained
confidenceandskills,donethingsandmetlovelypeopleIwouldn'thaveotherwisedoneormet.
1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“squandered”inparagraph1referto?
A．Saved. B．Wasted. C．Donated. D．Earned.
2．Wecaninferthatthepurposeofthe-author'sno-spendingchallengeisto________.
A．trytoformavirtueoffrugality B．changeherformerspendinghabits
C．payoffhermortgageassoonaspossible D．reservemoneyforhereverydaybills
3．Whatdoweknowabouttheauthorduringherno-spendingyear?
A．Shedidalotofwashingandcookinginpubs.
B．Shetriedcyclingandcampingforthefirsttime.
C．SheexploredmoreculturalactivitiesinLondon.
D．Sheattendedconcertsandwineeveningsforfree.
4．Howdoestheauthoreventuallyfeelaboutherno-spendingyear?
A．Discouraging B．Challenging C．Beneficial D．Embarrassing
【答案】1．B2．B3．C4．C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者为了改变自己的消费模式，而进行了为期一年的除必需品以外无消
费挑战，描述了自己在此期间的体会和改变，作者觉得这一挑战是有益的。
1．词义猜测题。由第一段“Justover12monthsagoIgavemyselfachallenge:giveupspendingonallbutthe
essentialsforawholeyear.Ithasn'talwaysbeeneasy,butayearonIamwealthierandwiser.Embarrassingly,Ihave
alsorealizedjusthowmuchmoneyI'vesquandereddownthepub,inrestaurantsandthroughmindlessshopping.”（就
在12个多月前，我给自己一个挑战：放弃一整年除了必需品以外的所有开支。这并不总是那么容易，但一年过
去了，我变得更富有、更聪明了。令人尴尬的是，我也意识到我在酒吧、餐馆和盲目购物中squandered多少钱。），
261/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
可知作者进行了为期一年除必需品以外的无消费挑战，发现自己更富有了，说明以前作者在酒吧、餐馆和盲目
购物中浪费了许多钱，squandered在此处意为“Wasted（浪费）”。故选B项。
2．推理判断题。由第二段中的“GivingupspendingforayearwasanextremeapproachbutIwantedtotasteextreme
frugality(节俭),shakeupmyspendingpatternsandoverpaymymortgage(按揭)insteadofshopping.”（放弃一年的
消费是一种极端的做法，但我想尝尝极端节俭的滋味，改变我的消费模式，多付房贷，而不是购物。），可知作
者放弃一年的消费是为了尝尝极端节俭的滋味，改变自己以前的消费模式。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。由第四段中的“LivinginLondonIhaveawealthoffreeculturalactivitiesonmydoorstepandI've
beentomoreartexhibitionsthisyearthaneverbefore.”（我住在伦敦，家门口有丰富的免费文化活动，今年参加的
艺术展览比以往任何时候都多。），可知在作者没有花钱的那一年里，作者参加的艺术展览比以往任何时候都多，
换句话说，即作者在伦敦探索了更多的文化活动。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。由最后一段“Thelast12monthshavetaughtmewhatthingsIreallyneed.IcanhonestlysayI'm
happiernow.I'vegainedconfidenceandskills,donethingsandmetlovelypeopleIwouldn'thaveotherwisedoneor
met.”（过去的12个月教会了我真正需要的东西。老实说，我现在更快乐了。我获得了自信和技能，做了一些
我不可能做或遇到的事情，遇到了可爱的人。），可知在作者没有花钱的那一年里，作者感觉自己学到了很多东
西，得到了快乐，获得了自信和技能，于作者而言，这无疑是有益的。故选C项。
2.
Whentalkingabouttheeconomicsofonlinepublishing,thefirstthingtorememberisthatjobNo.1isn’ttogetthe
newstoyou.Rather,itistomonetizeyou,bysellingyouoff,inrealtime,tothehighestbidder.Thishappensevery
timeyouclickonalink,beforethepagehasevenstartedtoloadonyourphone.Onceuponatime,ifyouandIboth
visitedthesamewebpageatthesametimeusingthesamewebbrowser,wewouldendupseeingthesamething.Today,
however,analmostunthinkablyenormousecosystemofscriptsandcookiesandoftenastonishinglypersonal
informationisusedtoshowyouasetofbrandmessagesandsaleslinkswhicharetailoredalmostuniquelytoyou.
Thatecosystemraisesimportantquestionsaboutprivacy—thewaythattheminuteyoulookatapairofshoes
online,forinstance,theythenstartfollowingyouaroundeveryotherwebsiteyouvisitforweeks.Butwhetherornot
youvalueyourprivacy,youaredamaged,daily,bythesheerweightofallthattechnology.
Onlineadshavenevergotlessannoyingovertime,andyoucanbesurethatmobileadsaregoingtogetmore
annoyingaswell,onceSiliconValleyhasworkedouthowtobetteridentifywhoyouare.Themovetogreaterprivacy
protectionsmighthelpslowthepacewithwhichsuchtechnologiesareadopted.Butthere’snorealistichopethat
websiteswillactuallyimprovefromhere.Ifyouwanttoavoidthedreadfulexperienceofthemobileweb,you’llonly
haveonechoice—whichistostartreadingyourarticlesnatively,intheFacebookorAppleNewsapp.Butitwon’tbe
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FacebookandApplewhokilledthenewsbrands.It’llbeadtech.
1．Whatwillhappeniftwopeopleclickonthesamelinktoday?
A．Theywillimmediatelygetthenewsthattheywant.
B．Theywillseethesamethingwhenevertheybrowse.
C．Theywillseedifferentbrandmessagesandsaleslinks.
D．Theywillberecommendedtothesamebidder.
2．Whycantheonlineadssendyouthelinksuniquetoyou?
A．Becausetheecosystemknowswhoyouare.
B．Becausetheyknowhowtoidentifywhoyouare.
C．Becauseyoudon’tcareaboutyourprivacy.
D．Becauseyoualwaysusethesamewebbrowser.
3．Howcouldweprotectourprivacyagainstmobileads?
A．Byslowingthepacewithsuchtechnologies.
B．Byimprovingthewebsitefunctions.
C．Bystoppingusingthemobilephones.
D．Byreadingarticlesinspecificapps.
4．What’stheauthor’sattitudetotheadtech?
A．Negative. B．Positive. C．Unconcerned. D．Optimistic.
【答案】1．C2．B3．D4．A
【解析】本文是议论文，文章批判智能设备中植入的广告科技给读者带来一系列的隐患，侵犯了人们的隐私。
1．推理判断题。题干强调的是“today”。根据第一段最后一句“Today,however,analmostunthinkablyenormous
ecosystemofscriptsandcookiesandoftenastonishinglypersonalinformationisusedtoshowyouasetofbrand
messagesandsaleslinkswhicharetailoredalmostuniquelytoyou”（ 然而，今天，一个几乎无法想象的巨大的脚
本和cookie的生态系统，以及经常令人吃惊的个人信息被用来向你显示一组品牌信息和销售链接，这些几乎是
为你量身定制的。）可推知，现在如果两个人点击同一链接，他们会看到不同的广告和销售链接，这些广告和信
息是依据他们的个人信息推送的，故选C项。
2．推理判断题，根据第三段“Onlineadshavenevergotlessannoyingovertime,andyoucanbesurethatmobileads
aregoingtogetmoreannoyingaswell,onceSiliconValleyhasworkedouthowtobetteridentifywhoyouare.”（ 在
线广告从来没有随着时间的推移变得不那么烦人，而你可以肯定的是，一旦硅谷找到了更好地识别你是谁的方
法，移动广告也会变得更烦人。）可知，硅谷（技术）可以更好地确定你的个人信息，因此在线广告能给你发送
263/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
独特的链接。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ifyouwanttoavoidthedreadfulexperienceofthemobileweb,you’llonlyhaveone
choice—whichistostartreadingyourarticlesnatively,intheFacebookorAppleNewsapp”（如果你想避免可怕的
移动网络体验，你只有一个选择，那就是开始在Facebook或苹果新闻应用程序上原生阅读你的文章。）可知要
想避免链接广告的烦扰只能在某些固定的应用程序上阅读文章，故选D项。
4．推理判断题。根据整篇文章描述，可判知作者对链接广告很是烦扰，尤其最后一段最后一句“Butitwon’tbe
FacebookandApplewhokilledthenewsbrands.It’llbeadtech.”（但杀死新闻品牌的不会是Facebook和苹果。它
将是广告技术。）可知真正起到破坏作用的是“adtech”，由此推知，作者对此持反对态度，故选A项。
3.
Britishbeerandpubsarefamousaroundtheworld.Thingsarechanging,however.IsthistheendofagreatBritish
tradition?
Forthousandsofyears,averyimportantbuildinginanyBritishvillagehasbeenthepub.Infact,untilaplacehas
apub,itisnotreallyconsideredacommunityworthyofaname.Traditionally,thepubisattheheartofanyvillageor
town,sinceitiswherepeoplegathertosocializeandexchangenews.ItisaninstitutionattheheartofBritishsociety.
Afterall,theword“pub”isactuallyshortfor“publichouse”.
Asaresult,Britishpubsareoftenoldandwellpreserved.Manyofthemhavebecomehistoricsitesthattourists
visit.ManyBritishpubshavenamesreferringtomonarchs,suchasTheKing'sHeadorTheQueenVictoria,butof
coursethisdoesn'tmeantheyareonlyforkingsandqueens.Pubshavealwayswelcomedpeoplefromallclassesand
partsofsociety.Onacoldnight,thepubbosscanalwaysfindawarmplaceforcustomersbythefire.Thereisalways
honestandheartyfoodandplentyofdrinkavailableatanaffordableprice.
That'showitusedtobe,butthereareworryingsignsthatthingsarebeginningtochange.Economicdownturns,
governmentalausteritymeasuresandculturalchangesarecausingmanypubstogooutofbusiness.Peopledonothave
alotofsparemoneytospendonbeer.Ontopofthat,in2007smokingwasbannedinallpublicindoorspaces,
includingpubs,whichmayalsohaveaffectedthenumberofcustomersgoingtopubssincethen.Thisdeclineis
happeningdespitethefactthatpubsarenowallowedbylawtostayopenafter11p.m..
Inordertosavetheirbusinesses,pubsaretryingtodiversifytoattractnewcustomers.Andwithvarious“savethe
pub”campaigns,therearesignsthatpeoplearegatheringaroundpubstosupportthisgreatBritishinstitutionwith
pride.
1．WhyareBritishpubsoftenold?
A．BecausetheBritishwanttoattracttourists.
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B．Becausethebirthofacommunityoftenresultsfromapubinit.
C．Becausetheyarewherepeoplesocializeandexchangenews.
D．BecausetheyfollowinthetraditionofBritishkingsandqueens.
2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“monarchs”inparagraph3probablymean?
A．Emperors. B．Bosses. C．Specialtourists. D．Ordinarypeople.
3．Whatcausesmanypubstoclosedown?
A．Culturaldifferences. B．Economicdecline.
C．Changesinopeninghours. D．Regulationsagainstdrinking.
4．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefutureofBritishpubs?
A．Conservative. B．Skeptical. C．Hopeless. D．Objective.
【答案】1．B2．A3．B4．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国的酒吧文化，介绍了英国酒吧兴起的原因，酒吧的特色，酒吧
如今面临的困境以及人们为拯救酒吧所付出的一些努力。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Infact,untilaplacehasapub,itisnotreallyconsideredacommunityworthyofa
name.Traditionally,thepubisattheheartofanyvillageortown,sinceitiswherepeoplegathertosocializeand
exchangenews.ItisaninstitutionattheheartofBritishsociety.Afterall,theword“pub”isactuallyshortfor“public
house”.(事实上，直到一个地方有了酒吧，它才被认为是一个名副其实的社区。传统上，小酒吧位于任何村庄或
城镇的中心，因为人们聚集在这里进行社交和交流新闻。它是英国社会核心的一种机构。毕竟，“pub”这个词
实际上是“publichouse”的缩写)”以及第三段中“Asaresult,Britishpubsareoftenoldandwellpreserved.(因
此，英国的酒吧往往历史悠久，保存完好)”可知，英国酒吧总是很老，是因为一个社区的诞生往往源于其中的
酒吧。故选B。
2．词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“suchasTheKing'sHeadorTheQueenVictoria,butofcoursethisdoesn'tmean
theyareonlyforkingsandqueens”可知，比如“国王头”或“维多利亚女王”，但当然这并不意味着只有国王
和女王才能光顾酒吧，这说明很多英国酒吧的名字都与君主有关，故画线词意思为“君主”。A.Emperors.君主；
B.Bosses.老板；C.Specialtourists. 特殊的游客；D.Ordinarypeople.普通人。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Economicdownturns,governmentalausteritymeasuresandculturalchangesare
causingmanypubstogooutofbusiness.(经济衰退、政府紧缩措施和文化变革正导致许多酒吧倒闭)”可知，导致
许多酒吧关门的原因是经济衰退。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Inordertosavetheirbusinesses,pubsaretryingtodiversifytoattractnewcustomers.
Andwithvarious“savethepub”campaigns,therearesignsthatpeoplearegatheringaroundpubstosupportthisgreat
265/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
Britishinstitutionwithpride.(为了挽救他们的生意，酒吧正试图通过多样化来吸引新的顾客。在各种各样的“拯
救酒吧”运动中，有迹象表明人们正聚集在酒吧周围，自豪地支持酒吧这一英国机构)”可推知，作者在最后一
段中客观陈述了人们为拯救酒吧进行的努力，没有提到个人对英国酒吧未来的看法，即对英国酒吧的未来持客
观态度。故选D。
4.
Think“art”.Whatcomestoyourmind?IsitGreekorRomansculpturesintheLouvre,orChinesepaintings?Have
youeverimaginedit’sadancingpatternoflights?
TheartworksbyAmericanartistJanetEchelmanlooklikecolourfulfloatingcloudswhenlitupatnight.Visitors
couldnotonlyenjoylookingatthembutalsointeractwiththemliterally—byusingtheirphonestochangethecolors
andpatterns.Butaretheyreallyart?
Whateveryouropinion,wecannotdenyarthasexistedforthousandsofyearsandartandtechnologyhavealways
beentwoseparatethings.
Today,however,technologicaladvanceshaveledtoacombinationofartandtechnology,changingtheartworld
greatly.Nowartismoreaccessibletous.Forexample,peopleusedtoqueuesixhoursbutspendlimitedtimeadmiring
thefamous5-metreChinesepaintingAlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestival.Thankstotechnology,however,
viewerscanleisurelyexperienceadigitalversionofthispainting,wherethecharacterscanmoveandinteractwiththeir
surroundings.
Theart-techcombinationisalsochangingourconceptsof“art”andthe“artist”.Notonlycanweinteractwithart,
buttakepartinitscreation.Withnewtechnologicaltoolsatourfingertips,morepeopleareexploringnewartforms,
suchasdigitalpaintingsandvideos.However,ithasalsoraisedquestionsoveritsoverallquality.Canavideoof
someoneslicingatomatoreallybecalled“art”?
Similarly,suchdevelopmentsaremakingthelinebetweenartandtechnologylessdistinct.Cansomeone
unfamiliarwithtraditionalartists’toolsreallycallthemselvesan“artist”?Andistheartistthecreatoroftheartitself,or
themakerofthetechnologybehindit?
Wheretechnologywilltakeartnextisanyone’sguess.Butonethingisforsure—with somanyartists
exploringnewpossibilities,wecandefinitelyexpecttheunexpected.
1．HowcouldviewersinteractwithJanetEchelman’sartworks?
A．Bytalkingtoheronthephone. B．Bylightinguptheartworks.
C．Bytouchingtheirphonescreens. D．Bycoloringthepatterns.
2．WhatdoestheexampleinParagraph4indicate?
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A．AchievementsofChina’stechnology.
B．Theinfluenceofartontechnology.
C．Interactionbetweenviewersandart.
D．Easieraccesstoartcausedbytechnology.
3．Whatdoweknowabouttheart-techcombination?
A．Itlowersthequalityofartworks.
B．Itinvolvescommonpeopleininnovation.
C．Itshortensthetimeofpainting.
D．Itmakesscientiststherealcreatorsofart.
4．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardscombiningtechnologywithart?
A．Regretful. B．Objective.
C．Disapproving. D．Conservative.
【答案】1．C2．D3．B4．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了将技术与艺术结合的优缺点。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Visitorscouldnotonlyenjoylookingatthembutalsointeractwiththemliterally—
byusingtheirphonestochangethecolorsandpatterns.”（参观者不仅可以欣赏它们，还可以通过手机改变它们的
颜色和图案来与它们进行互动。）可知，观众通过触摸手机屏幕来与珍妮特·埃切曼的作品互动。故选C。
2．推理判断题。例子是为了证明观点的，根据文章第四段“Nowartismoreaccessibletous.”（现在我们更容易
接触艺术了。）可知，这个例子表明科技使人们更容易接近艺术。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Notonlycanweinteractwithart,buttakepartinitscreation.Withnew
technologicaltoolsatourfingertips,morepeopleareexploringnewartforms,suchasdigitalpaintingsandvideos.”
（我们不仅可以与艺术互动，还可以参与艺术的创作。通过触手可及的新兴科学技术，更多的人正在探索新的
艺术形式，如数字绘画和视频。）可知，它让普通人参与创新。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“However,ithasalsoraisedquestionsoveritsoverallquality.”（然而，它也引发
了人们对其整体质量的质疑。）和最后一段“Wheretechnologywilltakeartnextisanyone’sguess.Butonethingis
forsure—with somanyartistsexploringnewpossibilities,wecandefinitelyexpecttheunexpected.”（技术下一步
将把艺术带到哪里，谁也说不准。但有一件事是肯定的——有这么多艺术家在探索新的可能性，我们肯定可以
期待意想不到的事情。）可知，作者既提到了缺点，也提到了优点。由此可知，作者对技术与艺术结合的态度是
客观的。A.Regretful后悔的；B.Objective客观的；C.Disapproving不同意的；D.Conservative 保守的。故选B。
5.
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Inthepastfewdecades,parentalfearsovertheirchildren's“fragile”egos(脆弱的自我)havedominatedthinking.
Ratherthanusingfailuretoimprove,participationandefforthavebecomewhatiscelebrated.Parentsnowseefailure
asaterribledisasterwithnegativeconsequencesasopposedtosomethingtheirchildrencouldrecoverandgrowfrom.
Inarecentstudy,administratorsatHarvardobservedthatdespiteawesomegrades,thekidsenteringcollegeseem
unabletotakecareofthemselvesandthinkforthemselves.Thestudypointstothefactthatforalltheirlivestheir
parentshavetakencareofeveryneed,toldthemwhatpathtofollowandifanydifficultyoccurs,havemadesuretofix
itforthem.Asaresult,childrenhavelosttheabilitytofeelcompetentandtobeinchargeoftheirownlives.
Iwasabaseballplayer.Whentheopportunitytocoachmyson'steamcameup,Iwasintwominds.Iwantedmy
kidstodoactivitieswithouttheirdadhangingaround.Butanoldfriendhappenedtobetheheadcoachandhe
convincedmetohelpout.Icoacheditwell,rarelyhavingahandintrainingmyson.Ifoundoutthelearning
opportunitiesonandoffthefieldwereevenbetterthanIhadimagined.
Lastseason,ourteamlost0-13.Inthepost-gamemeeting,mymessagewas,“Youhavetolearnhowtoloseifyou
everwanttowin.”Whensayingthistotheteam,Iwasmetwithblankstares.WhenIsaidittotheparents,therewas
somenoddingbutnoteveryonewasonboard.Shouldn'tIbepraisingthekidsfortheireveryaction?Whydidn'tIput
onlythebestplayersatthe“important”positions?HowcomeIdidn'treplacekidswhowerestrugglingwithplayers
whocoulddobetter?
Luckily,theparentseventuallygotmymessageandIdidn'tgetanypush-backatall.Theydesiredtolearnmore
aboutlifelessonsthatfailurecouldteachtheirkids.Andtheteambegantowingamesafterearlylosses.
1．Whatdoeschildren'sfailuremeantoparents?
A．Children'sself-reflection.
B．Destructiveeffectsonchildren.
C．Asteppingstonetochildren'ssuccess.
D．Parentalirresponsibilityinraisingchildren.
2．Whatpreventschildrenthinkingindependentlybasedonthestudy?
A．Therapidly-developingsociety.
B．Parents'highexpectationsofchildren.
C．Children'swrongattitudetowardsfailure.
D．Toomuchparentalinterventioninchildren'slife.
3．Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenofferedthechancetocoachhisson'steam?
A．Excited. B．Confident.
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C．Hesitant. D．Uninterested.
4．Whatdothethreequestionsinparagraph4imply?
A．Someparentsdoubtedtheauthor'sstrategies.
B．Theplayersfeltconfusedabouttheirfailure.
C．Theauthorwastoblamefortheteam'sdefeat.
D．Theauthorignoredtheheadcoach'sgoodadvice.
【答案】1．B2．D3．C4．A
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，文章中作者通过现在孩子们经受不起失败的现状，引出家长要引导孩子正确
面对失败。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Parentsnowseefailureasaterribledisasterwithnegativeconsequencesasopposed
tosomethingtheirchildrencouldrecoverandgrowfrom.”（父母现在认为失败是一场可怕的灾难，会带来负面的后
果，而没有看待成他们的孩子可以从中恢复过来和成长机会。），可知，父母害怕孩子失败后受到严重地打击，
于是鼓励孩子们参与与努力即可。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Thestudypointstothefactthatforalltheirlivestheirparentshavetakencareof
everyneed,toldthemwhatpathtofollowandifanydifficultyoccurs,havemadesuretofixitforthem.”（研究指出，
对于他们的生活而言，他们的父母已经照顾到每一个需求，并告知他们沿什么样的道路去走，及如果出现任何
困难，父母都会确保为他们解决好），可知，孩子的失败对父母意味着灾难性的影响。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句，“Whentheopportunitytocoachmyson'steamcameup,Iwasintwo
minds.”（当可以给儿子的棒球队当教练的机会来临时，我是犹豫不决的），可知，作者当时是犹豫不决的，intwo
minds是固定短语，意为“犹豫不决的，三心二意的”。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段第四句，“WhenIsaidittotheparents,therewassomenoddingbutnoteveryonewas
onboard.”（当我把这句话说给父母们听时，他们有一些人点头，但是不是每个人都同意这种说法）由此判断出，
第四段中的三个问题暗示有些人怀疑作者策略。故选A。
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专题 05 阅读理解 III：推理判断
考点 5 预测推断题
考点1 引申推断题
考点2文章来源题
考点3读者对象题
推理判断题
考点4观点态度题
考点5预测推断题
考点6目的意图题
【考纲解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
要求考生阅读 4 篇短 主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意
文，从每题所给的 4 个选 和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细
考查
项中选出最佳选项。题材 节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解
主旨大意、
广泛，包括科普、社会、 全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑
细节理解、
文化、政治、经济等多方 方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要
推理判断、
面内容。体裁多样，以记 高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。
词义猜测、
叙文、议论文、说明文为 篇章结构
主。 等题型。
【剖析全国高考真题】
阅读理解III：推理判断题 考点5 预测推断题
Whattoendurebeforepublication?
Ittakesalottowriteanovel.Eventhosewhohaven’ttriedwouldsay,“Well,duh!”tothis.Butit’snotmuchthe
mindspaceortheconsiderabletimeittakestowriteanovelthatisasdiscouragingashowmanytimesanywritermust
gobacktothedrawingboardforyetanotherdraft.Toreallyreadyanovelforpublication,awritermustspendtime
withhisorherbook.Likeanypromisingrelationship,you,thewriter,mustdateyournovel,takeitouttodinner,meet
itsparents,andseeitthroughitsmosttryinganddesperatetimes.Asawriter,youhavetostayupallnightwithyour
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novelcryingandtalkingandsometimesevenpullingyourhairoutbeforethatperfectmomentofinspirationcantruly
helpyoucrossthefinishline.
FormanypublishedauthorsIknow,myselfincluded,acompletednoveltakesthemabout10,that’sright,10drafts,
andatleastayearofrealediting.Willyoubespendingeverysinglesecondeditingyournovel?No,ofcoursenot.Just
asdraftsneedsomerealtimeonthesurgerytable,theyalsoneedrestintherecoveryroom.Youdon’tnursea
relationshipbyspendingeverywakingsecondwiththemuntilyoucan’tstandthesightofeachother,andyoucan’t
produceanovelbybreathingdownitsliteraryneck.However,anovelshouldundergomanydrafts---anddifferent
kindsofdrafts—beforedeclaringitreadyforanagentoreditortosee.
Everyonehastheirownwaytowriteanovel,andnotallcraftadvice(orevencraft“rules”)shouldallbefollowed
byeveryone,butwhenitcomestothemanydraftsofanovel,therearespecificthingsawritershouldfocusonduring
eachrevisiontohelpcreateasmoothtransitionfromtheinitialideatofinalproducts.
Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytocomeafterthelastparagraph?
A.Theimportanceofusingpropertransitionalwordsinwriting.
B.Thewritingexperiencesharedbyfamoussuccessfulwrite.
C.Tipsonhowtomaketendraftstocompleteagoodnovel.
D.Setbackswritersmaysufferifignoringthecraftadvice.
【答案】C
【解析】本文为说明文。写小说要花很多时间，一部小说在出版前，需要进行不断的修改再修改。
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 there arespecific things a writershould focus on during each revision to help
createasmoothtransitionfromtheinitialideatofinalproducts.（在每次修改的过程中，作者都应该关注一些具
体的事情，以帮助创建从最初想法到最终产品的平稳过渡。）可推知，接下来极可能会谈论一些关于如何通过
打草稿来完成一部好小说的建议。故选C。
【精讲研法】
阅读理解III：推理判断 考点5预测推断题
【做题实践中找规律】
1.
Theotherday,Iboughtanexpensiveanti-agingcreamthatpromisedtomakemyfacelookseveralyearsyounger
thanotherwomenbyfightingfreeradicals(自由基).Itmademecuriousaboutwhatfreeradicalsare.Istheanti-aging
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creamtheonlywayIneedtoprotectmyself?
“Asascientificterm,freeradicalsareessentiallyunstableatoms,”saysArizona-baseddoctor,NatashaBhuyan,M.
D．“Inmedicine,theycausecellstobreakdownovertimeandarelinkedtoaging.”
Asupersimplechemistryreviewforyou：Atomsfromdifferentelementsarethebuildingblocksthatmakeup
water,nitrogenandmore.Electron(电子)arethenegativelychargedatoms,andtheyliketobeinpairs.Whenan
electronlosesitspartner,itcreatesafreeradical,whichisusuallyunstableandhighlyreactive.Freeradicalstypically
gothroughthebodytoseekoutareplacementfortheirmissingelectron,andthatcanresultindamagetocells,proteins
andDNA．
Sohowdofreeradicalsformandwhydotheyhappen?Bhuyansays,“Scientifically,freeradicalsareunpaired
electronsthatareseekingamatetobondwith.Thetheorybehindfreeradicalsisthattheycanleadtotheimbalance
betweenfreeradicalsandantioxidants(抗氧化剂).”Anothermini-sciencelessonforyou：Antioxidantsarenaturalor
man-mademattersthatcanhelpdelayorpreventsometypesofcelldamage.They’reoftenfoundinfruitsand
vegetables.
Alotoftheaspectsofmodernlife--ourdiet,lifestyleandenvironmentalfactorslikepollution,cancause
oxidative(氧化的)stress.Overtime,oxidativestressweakenscellsandtissuesandcanleaveyoumoreeasilyexposed
tocertainhealthissues,includingcancer.And,asbeautymarketersarekeenlyaware,oxidativestresscanalsospeedup
theagingprocess.Nowthatyouknowfreeradicalscanweakonyourhealth,you’reprobablywonderingifthereare
anywaystopreventthemfromformingoratleasttominimizetheirnegativeeffects.
1．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph1?
A．Explaintheprocessofaging. B．Statetheformationoffreeradicals.
C．Introducethetopicoffreeradicals. D．Describetheharmofanti-agingcream.
2．Whichofthefollowingdofreeradicalsreferto?
A．Unpairedelectrons. B．Steadyatoms.
C．Replacementsofatoms. D．Functionsofelectrons.
3．Whatcanwelearnaboutantioxidantsfromthetext?
A．Theyhaveneverbeenfoundinnature. B．TheydoharmtocellsproteinsandDNA．
C．Theycanslowdownthedamageofsomecells. D．Theyalwayskeepbalancewithfreeradicals.
4．Whatwilltheauthorprobablytellusnext?
A．Whatexactlyoxidativestressis. B．Howbeautymarketerspromotesales.
C．Whereavarietyofdiseasescomefrom. D．Howfreeradicalscanbeprevented.
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【答案】1．C2．A3．C4．D
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章以作者购买抗衰老的面霜来抵抗自由基给脸部留下岁月的痕迹的事情为开
头，介绍了自由基是怎样形成的和自由基是怎样影响人的身体的。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段Theotherday,Iboughtanexpensiveanti-agingcreamthatpromisedtomakemyfacelook
severalyearsyoungerthatotherwomenbyfightingfreeradicals.Itmademecuriousaboutwhatfreeradicalsares.Is
theanti-agingcreamtheonlywayIneedtoprotectmyself?可知，前几天，我买了一款昂贵的抗衰老面霜，据说它
能对抗自由基，让我的脸看起来比其他女性年轻好几岁。这让我好奇什么是自由基。抗衰老面霜是我唯一需要
保护自己的方法吗？由此可推知，作者第一段讲述了她买了一个抗衰老的面霜来抵抗自由基给脸部留下岁月的
痕迹的事，从而引出自由基的话题。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中Electrons(电子)arethenegativelychargedatoms,andtheyliketobeinpairs.可知，
电子是带负电荷的原子，它们喜欢成对出现。以及第四段中Bhuyansays,“Scientifically,freeradicalsareunpaired
electronsthatareseekingamatetobondwith.可知Bhuyan说：“从科学上讲，自由基是寻找配偶的未配对电子。”
由此可知，自由基指的是不成对的电子。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中Anothermini-sciencelessonforyou:Antioxidantsarenaturalormanmademattersthat
canhelpdelayorpreventsometypesofcelldamage.可知，另一个小科学课：抗氧化剂是天然或人造物质，可以帮
助延缓或防止某些类型的细胞损伤。由此可知，抗氧化剂可以减缓一些细胞的损伤。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Nowthatyourknowfreeradicalscanweakonyourhealth,you’reprobably
wonderingifthereareanywaystopreventthemfromformingoratleasttominimizetheirnegativeeffects.可知，既然
你知道了自由基会损害你的健康，你可能想知道是否有办法阻止它们的形成，或者至少把它们的负面影响降到
最低。由此可推知，作者接下来可能会围绕“自由基的形成是否能被阻止”展开。故选D。
2.
Onthewaytohishomethechildturnedmanytimesandbeatthedog,declaringwithchildishgesturesthatheheld
himincontempt(茂视）asanunimportantdog.thedogapologizedforbeingthisqualityofanimalandexpressedregret
infineform,buthecontinuedstealthilytofollowthechild.
Whenthechildreachedhisdoor-step,thedogwasafewyardsbehind,movingslowlytowardhim.Hebecameso
anxiouswithshamewhenhoagainfacedthechildthatheforgotthedraggingrope.Hetripped(绊倒） uponitandfell
forward.
Thechildsatdownonthestepandthetwohadanotherinterview.Duringitthedoggreatlyexertedhimselfto
pleasethechild.Heperformedafewplayfuljumpswithsuchabandon(尽情地） thatthechildsuddenlysawhimtobe
avaluablething.Hemadeaswift,greedycharge(猛冲）andseizedtherope.
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Hedraggedhiscaptive(俘虏） intoahallandupmanylongstairwaysinadarkbuilding.Thedogmadewilling
efforts,buthecouldnotwalkveryskillfullyupthestairsbecausehewasverysmallandsoft,andatlastthepaceofthe
childgrewsoenergeticthatthedogbecamepanic-stricken.Inhismindhewasbeingdraggedtowardsomewhere
unknown.Hisayesgrewwildwiththeterrorofit.Hebegantowigglehisheadwildlyandtobracehislegs.
Thechildredoubledhisefforts.Theyhadabattleonthestairs.Thechildwasvictoriousbecausehewascompletely
absorbedinhispurpose,andbecausethedogwasverysmall.Hedraggedhisacquirementtothedoorofhishome,and
finallywithvictoryacrossthedoorway.
Nofamilymemberwasin.Thechildsatdownonthefloorandmadeoverturesto(向....示好） thedog.Thesethe
doginstantlyaccepted.Hesmiledwithaffectionuponhisnewfriend.Inashorttimetheywerefirmandabiding(矢志不
渝的）comrades.
1．Whatmighthavehappenedbeforethefirstparagraph?
A．Thechildhadwantedtoownthedogforalongtime.
B．Thedoghadbeensomeoneelse'spetbutlosthisway.
C．Thechildhadbeenlookingforthelostdogforalongtime.
D．Thedoghadbeendrivenoutofhomebythechild'sfamily.
2．Whatdirectlymadetheboychangehismind?
A．Thedog'sapology.
B．Hisfirstinterviewwiththedog.
C．Hispityonthedog.
D．Thedog'spleasingperformance.
3．Whatcanweknowfromparagraph4and5?
A．Theboywasnaughty.
B．Thedogwasfoolish.
C．Theboywasadevotedfriend.
D．Thedogwasafaithfulfriend.
4．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribethechangeofthedog'sfeeling?
A．Frightened-relieved-anxious-happy.
B．Worried-angry-scared-delighted.
C．Guilty-anxious-nervous-pleased.
D．Angry-regretted-scared-puzzled.
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【答案】1．B2．D3．A4．C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小狗走失后偶遇一个男孩，最终成功跟随小男孩回家的故事。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Onthewaytohishomethechildturnedmanytimesandbeatthedog,declaringwith
childishgesturesthatheheldhimincontempt(茂视）asanunimportantdog.thedogapologizedforbeingthisqualityof
animalandexpressedregretinfineform,buthecontinuedstealthilytofollowthechild.(在回家的路上，孩子多次转过
身来打那条狗，用孩子气的手势宣称他蔑视那条狗，认为它是一条不重要的狗。狗为自己是这样的动物而道歉，
并以良好的形式表示遗憾，但它继续偷偷地跟着孩子。)”可知，孩子试图摆脱狗，而且他们在此之前并不认识，
可见他们是无意间遇到的。从而推断，这条狗曾是别人的宠物，但迷路了。小狗是丢失后才遇到男孩的。故选
B。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Heperformedafewplayfuljumpswithsuchabandon(尽情地） thatthechild
suddenlysawhimtobeavaluablething.(它尽情地跳了几下，孩子突然觉得它很有价值。)”可知，小狗努力的取悦
男孩，使得男孩改变了主意。故选D。
3．推理判断题。文章四五两段在描述男孩拖拉小狗上楼梯的过程，看得出小男孩精力充沛，一直不懈的努力着，
尽管当时小狗是有点害怕的，但小男孩没有停止自己的行为，可见这个男孩子有点调皮。故选A。
4．推理判断题。狗的心情和它的遭遇是一致的，第一段狗尽管被嫌弃但还是跟着，心情是有点罪恶感的，从
apologized可以看出；第二段出现了anxiousandshamed，可见狗的心情是紧张羞愧；第三段狗取悦小孩；四五
段就是狗被带上楼梯的过程，从panic-stricken可以看出，狗因为未知的地方感到害怕；最后一段狗和小孩已经
交好，推断出心情愉悦。故选C。
规律方法：如何解决预测推断题？
有些题目要求根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做此类题目时，务
必把握作者的写作思路，如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述，从而做出
比较科学的、合情合理的预测判断。特别要注意文章最后一段的内容及最后几句话。
【变式精讲】
1.
Chinaisoneofthefirstcountriestobreedamedicalculture.IncomparisonwithWesternmethods,traditional
Chinesemedicine(TCM)adoptsavastlydifferentapproach.Forthousandsofyears,Chinesepeoplehaveaccumulated
richexperienceinfightingallsortsofdiseases,thereforeformingauniquemedicaltheoryundertheguidanceof
ancientChinesephilosophies(哲学).
ThecorebehindTCMisthatthehumanbody'slifeistheconsequence(结果)ofthebalancebetweenYinand
Yang.Yangfunctionstosafeguardusagainstouterharm,andYinistheinnerbasetostoreandprovideenergy.When
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thebalancebetweenthetwoaspectsisdisturbed,peoplefallill.
OneofthetraditionaltechniquesofTCM,acupuncture(针刺疗法)meansinsertionofneedlesintosuperficial(表
面的)structuresofthebody—usuallyatacupoints(穴位)—torestoretheYinYangbalance.Itisoftenaccompaniedby
moxibustion(艾灸疗法),whichinvolvesburningmugwortonorneartheskinatanacupoint.
Thefirstknowntextthatclearlytalksaboutsomethinglikeacupunctureandmoxibustionasitispracticedtodayis
TheYellowEmperor'sInnerCanon.ItistheearliestandmostimportantwrittenworkofTCMandisconsideredthe
fundamentalandmostrepresentativemedicaltextinChina.
Acupunctureandmoxibustionhavearousedtheinterestofinternationalmedicalsciencecircles.AndTCMis
graduallygainingworldwiderecognition.TheWHOissuedadocumentin2002thatappealedtomorethan180
countriestoadoptTCMasanalternativeintheirmedicalpolicies.In2010,acupunctureandmoxibustionoftraditional
ChinesemedicinewereaddedtotheRepresentativeListoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanitybythe
UNESCO.Presently,TCMhasbeenbackinthenewsforitseffectivenessinimprovingthecurerateoftheCOVID-19
sinceitsoutbreakinJanuary.
1．WhatisthekeyfeatureofTCM?
A．Itadoptsdifferentmedicalapproaches. B．It'sbasedonancientChinesephilosophies.
C．Ithelpstorestorebody'sself-balance. D．It'sgainedexperiencethroughrichpractice.
2．WhatcanwelearnaboutTheYellowEmperor'sInnerCanonfromthetext?
A．Itdistinguishesacupuncturefrommoxibustion.
B．It'safoundationofworldmedicalresearch.
C．itstressestheimportanceofusingacupoints.
D．ItgreatlycontributestothedevelopmentofTCM.
3．Whydoesthewriterwritethistext?
A．ToreviewthedevelopmentofTCM. B．TointroduceTCMtotheworld.
C．TotellTCMandWesternmedicineapart. D．ToargueforTCMinfightingCOVID-19.
4．Whatmightbetalkedaboutintheparagraphfollowingthetext?
A．HowTCMhelpsinthecurrentsituation. B．WhyTCMisgainingpopularity.
C．WhyTCMgetsrecognitionfromWHO. D．HowothercountriesadoptTCM.
【答案】1．C2．D3．B4．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，中国传统的中医文化，它与西医不同，有着独特的理论和治疗体系，
针灸引起了国际医学界的关注。
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1．细节理解题。由第二段“ThecorebehindTCMisthatthehumanbody'slifeistheconsequence(结果)ofthebalance
betweenYinandYang.Yangfunctionstosafeguardusagainstouterharm,andYinistheinnerbasetostoreandprovide
energy.Whenthebalancebetweenthetwoaspectsisdisturbed,peoplefallill.”（中医学的核心是人体的生命是阴阳
平衡的结果。阳的功能是保护我们免受外界的伤害，而阴是储存和提供能量的内在基础。当这两方面的平衡被
打破时，人们就会生病。）和第三段中的“OneofthetraditionaltechniquesofTCM,acupuncture(针刺疗法)means
insertionofneedlesintosuperficial(表面的)structuresofthebody—usuallyatacupoints(穴位)—torestoretheYin
Yangbalance.”（针灸是中医传统技术之一，是指将针头插入身体的浅表结构，通常在穴位处恢复阴阳平衡。），
可知身体阴阳平衡被打破时，人们就会生病，而中医（例如针灸）的核心就是通过中医技巧恢复身体的自我平
衡，达到阴阳平衡。故选C项。
2．推理判断题。由第四段“Thefirstknowntextthatclearlytalksaboutsomethinglikeacupunctureandmoxibustionas
itispracticedtodayisTheYellowEmperor'sInnerCanon.ItistheearliestandmostimportantwrittenworkofTCM
andisconsideredthefundamentalandmostrepresentativemedicaltextinChina.”（已知的第一个明确提到针灸之类
的东西的著作是《黄帝内经》。它是中医学最早、最重要的著作，被认为是我国最基本、最具代表性的医学著作。），
可知《黄帝内经》是我国最基本、最具代表性的医学著作，说明《黄帝内经》在中国医学史上占有重要地位，
肯定也为后来中医的发展提供了基础，为中医药的发展做出了巨大的贡献。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。第一段引入“不同于西医的中国医学——中医学”，第二段讲“中医的核心就是通过中医技巧恢
复身体的阴阳平衡”，第三段讲“中医传统技艺——针灸”，第四段讲“为中医药发展做出了巨大贡献的著作《黄
帝内经》”，第五段讲“针灸已引起国际医学界的兴趣，中医药正逐渐得到世界的认可”，可知文章主要向读者介
绍了中医，因此作者写这篇文章的目的是向世界介绍中医药。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Acupunctureandmoxibustionhavearousedtheinterestofinternationalmedical
sciencecircles.TheWHOissuedadocumentin2002thatappealedtomorethan180countriestoadoptTCMasan
alternativeintheirmedicalpolicies.”（针灸已引起国际医学界的兴趣。中医药正逐渐得到世界的认可。世卫组织
在2002年发布了一份文件，呼吁180多个国家在其医疗政策中采用中医药作为替代品。）和“Presently,TCMhas
beenbackinthenewsforitseffectivenessinimprovingthecurerateoftheCOVID-19sinceitsoutbreakinJanuary.”
（目前，中医药因其在提高COVID-19治愈率方面的有效性而重新成为新闻，自从COVID-19在年1月爆发。），
可知中医药的价值正逐渐得到世界的认可，而中医药在提高COVID-19治愈率方面的有效性更佐证了它的价值，
文章接下来可能就中医如何帮助解决目前的情况来展开。故选A项。
2.
OnMonday,about270pilotwhalesgotintodifficultyonasandbankatMacquarieHeads,nearStrahanon
Tasmania’swestcoast,about190kilometresfromHobart.Another200oftheanimalswerefoundearlyonWednesday,
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makingitTasmania’slargestrecordedstrandingevent.TheDepartmentofPrimaryIndustry,Parks,Waterand
Environment(DPIPWE)saidthataboutathirdhaddied.
Marinebiologistsarrivedintheareatocarryoutrescueoperations.Theyplannedtousespecializedequipment
suchasspecialtarpaulinstopushthewhalesbackintothedeepwater.Thelocalpolicealsoassistedintherescue.
ThewhalesthatwerestrandedarePilotWhales,andtheyarefoundinalmostalltheoceansoftheworld,
accordingtotheMarineconservationgroup.Pilotwhalesareinfactoneofthelargestmembersofthedolphinfamily,
buttheyaretreatedaswhalesfortheMarineMammalsProtectionRegulationsissuedin1992.Theywerenamedpilot
whalesbecauseitwasthoughtthateachpodfolloweda‘pilot’inthegroup.
Cetaceanstranding,commonlyknownasbeaching,isaphenomenoninwhichwhalesanddolphinsstrand
themselvesonland,usuallyonabeach.Severalexplanationsforwhycetaceansstrandthemselveshavebeenproposed,
includingchangesinwatertemperatures,unusualfeaturesofwhales’echolocationincertainsurroundings,and
geomagneticdisturbances,butnonehavesofarbeenuniversallyacceptedasadefinitivereasonforthebehavior.
Inrecentyears,whalestrandingshavebecomemorefrequentaroundtheworld.InNovember,adeadsperm
whalethathadwashedashoreineasternIndonesiaconsumedahorrifyingcollectionofplastictrash,including115
drinkingcups,25plasticbags,plasticbottles,twoflip-flopsandabagcontainingmorethan1,000piecesofstring.In
all,theplasticcontentsofthewhale’sstomachweighed13.2pound(sixkilograms).Thebagsareblackduetoa
reactionwiththecreature’sstomachacids,accordingtoThaiWhalesorganization.Aperson,onaverage,breathesor
swallowsatleast74,000microscopicparticlesofplasticeachyear.
1．HowmanywhalesdiedaccordingtoDPIPWE?
A．About160. B．About200. C．About270. D．About470.
2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stranding”meaninParagraph1?
A．Beingputintodanger.
B．Beingtrappedintrouble.
C．Beingfoundinextinction.
D．Beingleftordrivenashore.
3．WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbythenumbersinParagraph5?
A．Whalesmistakeplasticsforfood.
B．Whalesneedtheabilityofself-protection.
C．Whales’livingconditionsareworsening.
D．Whaleshaveanexcellentdigestivesystem.
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4．Whatwillbediscussedprobablyfollowingthelastparagraph?
A．Protectivemeasuresforwhales.
B．Thereasonsforwhalestranding.
C．Studyingwhales’stomachdeeply.
D．Researchingtheoceans’ecosystem.
【答案】1．A2．D3．C4．A
【文章大意】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了星期一，大约270头领航鲸在麦格理海兹的沙洲上搁浅了。
1．细节理解题。由第一段“OnMonday,about270pilotwhalesgotintodifficultyonasandbankatMacquarieHeads,
nearStrahanonTasmania’swestcoast,about190kilometresfromHobart.Another200oftheanimalswerefoundearly
onWednesday,makingitTasmania’slargestrecordedstrandingevent.TheDepartmentofPrimaryIndustry,Parks,
WaterandEnvironment(DPIPWE)saidthataboutathirdhaddied.”（星期一，大约270头领航鲸在麦格理海兹的沙
洲上遇到了麻烦，这里靠近塔斯马尼亚州西海岸的斯特拉汉，距离霍巴特大约190公里。周三早些时候又发现
了200只这种动物，这是塔斯马尼亚有记录以来最大的鲸搁浅事件。DPIPWE说，大约三分之一的鲸已经死亡。）
可知总共有470头鲸搁浅，三分之一的鲸已经死亡，说明157头鲸死亡,即大约有160头。故选A项。
2．词句猜测题。由第二段中的“Marinebiologistsarrivedintheareatocarryoutrescueoperations.Theyplannedto
usespecializedequipmentsuchasspecialtarpaulinstopushthewhalesbackintothedeepwater.”（海洋生物学家抵达
该地区展开营救行动。他们计划使用特殊的设备，如特殊的防水布将鲸鱼推回到深水中。）可知海洋生物学家要
把鲸鱼推回到深水中，说明这些鲸鱼在岸上搁浅了，stranding在此处意为“被留在或者被驱赶上岸”。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。由第五段中的“InNovember,adeadspermwhalethathadwashedashoreineasternIndonesia
consumedahorrifyingcollectionofplastictrash,including115drinkingcups,25plasticbags,plasticbottles,two
flip-flopsandabagcontainingmorethan1,000piecesofstring.Inall,theplasticcontentsofthewhale’sstomach
weighed13.2pound(sixkilograms).”（年11月，一头在印尼东部被冲上岸的死抹香鲸吃掉了一堆骇人听闻的塑
料垃圾，包括115个饮水杯、25个塑料袋、塑料瓶、两个人字拖和一个装有1000多条细绳的袋子。总的来说，
鲸鱼胃中的塑料物质重13.2磅（6公斤）。）可知这头鲸鱼吃了很多的塑料垃圾，作者想通过第五段中的数字告
诉我们鲸鱼的生存条件正在恶化。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。由第五段中的“Inrecentyears,whalestrandingshavebecomemorefrequentaroundtheworld.In
November,adeadspermwhalethathadwashedashoreineasternIndonesiaconsumedahorrifyingcollectionof
plastictrash,including115drinkingcups,25plasticbags,plasticbottles,twoflip-flopsandabagcontainingmorethan
1,000piecesofstring.Inall,theplasticcontentsofthewhale’sstomachweighed13.2pound(sixkilograms).Thebags
areblackduetoareactionwiththecreature’sstomachacids,accordingtoThaiWhalesorganization.”（近年来，鲸鱼
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搁浅在世界各地变得越来越频繁。年11月，一头在印尼东部被冲上岸的死抹香鲸吃掉了一堆骇人听闻的塑料垃
圾，包括115个饮水杯、25个塑料袋、塑料瓶、两个人字拖和一个装有1000多条细绳的袋子。总的来说，鲸
鱼胃中的塑料物质重13.2磅（6公斤）。根据泰国鲸鱼组织的说法，这些袋子是黑色的，这是因为它们与胃酸发
生反应。）可知搁浅鲸鱼越来越多，有些还吃了很多的塑料垃圾，鲸鱼的生存环境不好，导致鲸鱼死亡，接下来
应该谈保护鲸鱼的措施。故选A项。
考点 6 目的意图题
考点1 引申推断题
考点2文章来源题
考点3读者对象题
推理判断题
考点4观点态度题
考点5预测推断题
考点6目的意图题
【考纲解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
要求考生阅读 4 篇短 主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意
文，从每题所给的 4 个选 和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细
考查
项中选出最佳选项。题材 节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解
主旨大意、
广泛，包括科普、社会、 全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑
细节理解、
文化、政治、经济等多方 方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要
推理判断、
面内容。体裁多样，以记 高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。
词义猜测、
叙文、议论文、说明文为 篇章结构
主。 等题型。
【剖析全国高考真题】
280/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
阅读理解III：推理判断题 考点6 目的意图题
1.C【·全国新高考I山东卷】
Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physically
brokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowritean
articleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.
Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongthe
GhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsof
liveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,
andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglish
inCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.
ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.In
Samarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolice
methodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬礼)followedbyastrange
drinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfrom
thesea.
MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureof
Uzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicate
stomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,
theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.
11．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?
A．Tointroduceabook. B．Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.
C．Torememberawriter. D．Torecommendatraveldestination.
【答案】11．A
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell
在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
11．推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追
逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的
是介绍一本书。故选A。
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2.A【·天津卷】
HowtoUseaModernPublicLibrary
Hasitbeenawhilesinceyourlastvisittoapubliclibrary?Ifso,youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatlibrarieshave
changedforthebetter.It’sbeenyearssincetheyweredustylittleroomswithbooks.Theyhavetransformedthemselves
intoplaceswhereyoucandevelopyourloveofknowledgemeetinterestingpeople,orfindouthowtostartabusiness.
Checkoutabook.Whilelibrariesstillloanout(出借)books,you’llfinditeasiertogetacopyofwhateveryou’re
lookingfor,thankstoacooperativenetworkofarealibraries.Viasuchnetworks,librariessharetheirbookswitheach
otherthroughtheuseofdeliveryvehicles.Oncethebookyou’verequestedisdeliveredtothenearestbranch,theywill
informyoubye-mail,soyoucanpickitup.
Checkoutotheritems.Thelibraryisnowamultimediazone,loadedwithinformationinmanyformats(载体形式).
YoucanborrowmoviesonDVDs,musiconCDs,andpopularmagazines.Somelibrariesevenloanouttoysandgames.
Ifapopularmagazineyouwantisn’tofferedandthelibrarykeepsalistofsuchrequests,theymaybringitinwhen
enoughinterestisshown.
Jointargetedreadinggroups.Librarieswilloftenholdreading-groupsessionstargetedtovariousagegroups.
Perhapsyou’dliketolearnalanguageorimproveyourEnglish.Thelibrarymaysponsoralanguagegroupyoucould
join.Ifyouhavedifficultiesreading,askaboutspecialreadingopportunities.Yourlibrarymightbeableto
accommodateyou.Andyoumightfinditrelaxingtobringyoursmallkidtoahalf-hourStoryTimewhileyousit
quietlyinacornerwithagoodbook.
Startabusinessusingthehelpofyourlocallibrary.Ifyouwanttohaveabusinessofyourown,yourlocallibrary
canbecomealaunchspaceforit.Inlibrarybooksandcomputers,youcanfindinformationonstartingabusiness.
Manylibrarieswillhelpyouwithlocallysuppliedinformationaboutbusinessmanagementsharedthroughchambersof
commerce(商会)andgovernmentagencies,andtheywillofferprinting,faxinganddatabaseservicesyouneed.
40．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?
A．Topointouttheimportanceofpubliclibraries.
B．Toencouragepeopletoworkinpubliclibraries.
C．Tointroducetheimprovedservicesofpubliclibraries.
D．Tocallforthemodernizationofpubliclibrarysystems.
【答案】40．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何使用改造升级后现代公共图书馆。
40．推理判断题。根据文章标题HowtoUseaModernPublicLibrary（如何使用一个现代公共图书馆）和第一段
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中的“you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. They have transformed themselves into
placeswhereyoucandevelopyour love ofknowledge meetinteresting people,orfind outhowtostartabusiness.（你
可能会惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了。他们已经把自己变成了一个地方，在那里你可以发展你对知识的热
爱，遇见有趣的人，或者发现如何创业）。再结合几个小标题：Checkoutabook（借一本书）；Checkoutotheritems
（借其他物品）；Jointargetedreadinggroups（加入有针对性的阅读小组）；Startabusinessusingthehelpofyour
locallibrary（在当地图书馆的帮助下创业）可知，本文主要介绍了在经过改善后的图书馆里，人们可以做些什
么，即：经过改善后的图书馆可以给人们提供什么服务。故选C。
3.D【·天津卷】
Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenof
greatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingman
wholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.
Together,thesedeephumanurges(驱策力)countformuchmorethatambition.Galileowasnotmerelyambitious
whenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.Like
Galileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”
Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon’thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapture
them.
“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.We
stopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresrestfulaverage.It
encouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.
Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem,wethinkhow
terribleitwouldhavebeen,hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosity
anddiscontentandkeepthemawake.
Howshouldyoustart?Modestly,soasnottobecomediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn’tarrange
flowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbookson
flowerarrangement.
Onewaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Youhaven’tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon’t;thereare
onlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven’tanytime?That’sgood,becauseit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthings
done.HarrietStowe,motherofsix,wrotepartsofUncleTom’sCabinwhilecooking.You’retooold?Rememberthat
ThomasCostainwas57whenhepublishedhisfirstnovel,andthatGrandmaMosesshowedherfirstpictureswhenshe
was78.
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Howeveryoustart,rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow,foryou’llneverbemorealivethan
youareatthismoment.
51．InwritingParagraph1,theauthoraimsto________.
A．proposeadefinition
B．makeacomparison
C．reachaconclusion
D．presentanargument
【答案】51．D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。
51．推理判断题。根据第一段内容Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethe
differencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihavenever
knownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelong
together.可知，作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足，而且两
者是相辅相成的。由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。
4.D【·江苏卷】
IwasinthemiddleoftheAmazon(亚马逊)withmywife,whowasthereasamedicalresearcher.Weflewona
smallplanetoafarawayvillage.Wedidnotspeakthelocallanguage,didnotknowthecustoms,andmoreoftenthan
not,didnotentirelyrecognizethefood.Wecouldnothavefeltmoreforeign.
Wewereraisedonbooksandcomputers,highwaysandcellphones,butnowwewerelivinginavillagewithout
runningwaterorelectricityItwaseasyforustogotosleepattheendofthedayfeelingalittlemisunderstood.
ThenoneperfectAmazonianevening,withmonkeyscallingfrombeyondthevillagegreen,weplayedsoccer.Iam
notgoodatsoccer,butthateveningitwaswonderful.Everyoneknewtherules.Weallspokethesamelanguageof
passesandshots.Weunderstoodoneanotherperfectly.Asdarknesscameoverthefieldandthematchended,thegoal
keeper,Juan,walkedovertomeandsaidinamatter-of-factway,“Inyourhome,doyouhaveamoontoo?”Iwas
surprised.
AfterIexplainedtoJuanthatyes,wedidhaveamoonandyes,itwasverysimilartohis,Ifeltasortofawe(敬畏)
atthepossibilitiesthatexistedinhisworld.InJuan’sworld,eachvillagecouldhaveitsownmoon.InJuan’sworld.the
unknownandundiscoveredwasvastandmarvelous.Anythingwaspossible.
Inoursociety,weknowthatEarthhasonlyonemoon.Wehavelookedatourplanetfromeveryangleandfound
allofthewildestthingslefttofind.Ican,frommycomputerathome,pullupsatelliteimagesofJuan’svillage.There
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arenomorecontinentsandnomoremoonstosearchfor,littlelefttodiscover.Atleastitseemsthatway.
Yet,asIthoughtaboutJuan’squestion,Iwasnotsurehowmuchmorewecouldreallyruleout.Iam,inpart,an
antbiologist,somythoughtsturnedtowhatweknowaboutinsectlifeandIknewthatmuchintheworldofinsects
remainsunknown.Howmuch,though?Howignorant (无知的)arewe?Thequestionofwhatweknowanddonot
knowconstantlybotheredme.
Ibegancollectingnewspaperarticlesaboutnewspecies,newmonkey,newspider…,andonandontheyappear.
Mydrawerquicklyfilled.Ibeganaseconddrawerformoregeneraldiscoveries:newcavesystemdiscoveredwith
dozensofnamelessspecies,fourhundredspeciesofbacteriafoundinthehumanstomach.Theseconddrawerbeganto
fillandasitdidIwonderedwhethertherewerebiggerdiscoveriesoutthere,notjustspecies,butlifethatdependson
thingsthoughttobeuseless,lifeevenwithoutDNA．Istartedathirddrawerforthesebigdiscoveries.Itfillsmore
slowly,butallthesame,itfills.
Inlookingintothestoriesofbiologicaldiscovery,Ialsobegantofindsomethingelse,acollectionofscientists,
usuallybrilliantoccasionallyhalf-mad,whomadethediscoveries.Thosescientistsveryoftenseethesamethingsthat
otherscientistssee,buttheypaymoreattentiontothem,andtheyfocusonthemtothepointofexhaustion(穷尽),and
attheriskoftheridiculeoftheirpeers.Inlookingforthestoriesofdiscovery,Ifoundthestoriesofthesepeopleand
howtheirliveschangedourviewoftheworld.
Wearerepeatedlywillingtoimaginewehavefoundmostofwhatislefttodiscover.Weusedtothinkthatinsects
werethesmallestorganisms(生物),andthatnothingliveddeeperthansixhundredmeters.Yet,whensomethingnew
turnsup,moreoftenthannot,wedonotevenknowitsname.
68．Whatwastheauthor’sinitialpurposeofcollectingnewspaperarticles?
A．Tosortoutwhatwehaveknown.
B．TodeepenhisresearchintoAmazonians.
C．Toimprovehisreputationasabiologist.
D．Tolearnmoreaboutlocalcultures.
【答案】68．A
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和妻子来到了亚马逊，妻子是一名医学研究者。一踏上这里，作者感到非
常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在生物多样性发现的过程中，作者
意识到，很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。
68．推理判断题。根据第七段“Ibegancollectingnewspaperarticlesaboutnewspecies,newspider...,andonandon
theyappear,mydrawerquicklyfilled,Ibeganaseconddrawerformoregeneraldiscoveries:newcavesystem
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discoveredwithdozensofnamelessspecies...Istartedathirddrawerforthesebigdiscoveries.”可知，我开始收集报纸
上关于新物种、新蜘蛛的文章……它们源源不断地出现，我的抽屉很快就填满了。我开始用第二个抽屉来储存
更普遍的发现:在新的洞穴系统发现了几十个无名的物种……我还为这些重大发现准备了第三个抽屉。由此判
断，作者收集报纸文章的初始目的是为了分类我们所知道的事情。故选A项。
【精讲研法】
阅读理解III：推理判断 考点6目的意图题
【做题实践中找规律】
1.
MuirWoodsandSausalitoHalfDayTour
Wanderthroughanancientcoastalredwoodforestandexploretheartisticbaysideonthishalf-daytourfromSan
Francisco.TravelacrosstheGoldenGateBridgetovisitMuirWoods, hometosomeoftheoldestandtallest trees
on Earth. At the end of your tour choose betweengettingdroppedoffatUnionSquareinSanFrancisco
ortakingtheferrybacktoSanFrancisco.
YosemiteNationalParkandGiantSequoiasDayTrip
DiscoverthebeautyoftheSierraNevadaonthisfull-daytriptoYosemiteNationalParkfromSanFrancisco.
TravelaboardacomfortablevanthroughhistoricGoldRushtownstoreachthepark,whereyou’llbeamazedby
supersizednaturalwonders.Takeahikeamongancienttrees,andenjoyseveralhourstoexplorethepark’swonderson
yourown.
NiagaraFallsTour
EscapefromNewYorkCityandheadnorthtoseebothsidesoftheCanadianborderonthisguided,2-daytourto
NiagaraFalls.VisitNiagaraFallsonboththeAmericanandCanadiansidesandtakearideonthefamousMaidofthe
Mistboat.Then,ontheroadbacktoNewYorkCity,makeastoptoshopattheCrossingsPremiumOutlets,oneofthe
largestoutletmallsintheUS.
NapaandSonomaWineCountryTour
EscapetoCalifornia’sfamouswinecountryonthisfull-daytourfromSanFrancisco.Tasteregionalvarietalsat
threedifferentwineriesincludingbothbig-nameandfamily-runestates(庄园).Learnaboutthewinemakingprocess
duringguidedtours,andappreciatetheregionalculturewith astopforlunch.
Whatdoesthewriterintendtodobywritingthepassage?
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A．Tointroducesomeoutdooractivities.
B．Tosharesometourexperiences.
C．Toadvertiseforthewinecountry.
D．Tocallforprotectingnaturalwonders.
【答案】A
【解析】本文是一篇广告布告类短文阅读。文章主要向读者介绍了四个不同户外活动。
目的意图题。根据全文内容可知，本文是一篇广告布告类短文阅读。文章主要向读者介绍了四个不同户外活动。
故选A。
2.
TherewasatimewhenthemajorconcernwithAIsafetyhadbeentheoneevilsuperintelligence,reflectedinthe
movie“TheTerminator”.However,thegame“Tacoma”takesadifferentapproach.Itassumesthattherewillbe
numerousAGI(artificialgeneralintelligence)intheworldandthatanyAGI,evenasafelydesignedone,inthewrong
handsatthewrongtimecouldcauselive«tobelost.That'sthefuturethatagrowingnumberofAIsafetyexpertsare
worriedabout.
Thisisnotanewidea.Inthebook“EngineeringaSaferWorld,”MITprofessorNancyG.Levesonaddresses
commonmisunderstandingsaboutsafety-criticalsystemsengineering:engineeringsystemswhosefailurecouldleadto
humanloss.Suchsafety-criticaltechnologiesincludeaviation,nuclearpower,automobiles,heavychemicals,
biotechnology,and,ofcourse,AGI.
Sowhatcanbedone?
Technologyisn’talwaysthesolution.Afamousexampleistheinventionofsonicradars(声波雷达)thatwere
supposedtohelpshipsdetectnearbyobstacles,butwhichonlyincreasedtherateofaccidents.Why?Captainssailed
faster,thinkingtheycouldgetawaywithitthankstothenewsafetytechnology.
Insteadoftechnologies,Leveson'sbooksuggests,weshouldbemakingorganizationalchanges.Additionally,
Levesonsuggests,amongmanycomplicatedguidelines,organizationsshouldbeawarethatsafetyguidelineswill
inevitablybecomelaxovertime.Asaconsequence,measuresshouldbecarriedouttopreventpotentialdisasters.
WhatlessonscanwedrawfromconcernwithAIsafety?Theanswermaylieinrecentdisasternarratives(叙述),
whichremindusthat,especiallyinlimeslikethis,weshouldn'tforgetthepotentialforotherdisasters.Public
consciencereallydoesmatter.Andifwe'reallbetteratthinkingaboutsafetywecitizens,maybewereallycanprevent
disasters.
Whydoestheauthormentioned“TheTerminator”inthefirstparagraph?
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A．Toarousereaders'interestinTheTerminator.
B．TointroducethetopicofconcernwithAIsafely.
C．Tomentionthesimilaritybetween“TheTerminator”and“Tacoma”.
D．Tomakereadersrecalltheevilsuperintelligencereflectedinthemovie.
【答案】B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们对人工智能安全的担忧，作者提出如果公民都能更好地考虑
安全问题，也许我们真的可以预防灾难的想法。
推理判断题。根据第一段“TherewasatimewhenthemajorconcernwithAIsafetyhadbeentheoneevilsuper
intelligence,reflectedinthemovie“TheTerminator”.”（曾经有一段时间，人们对人工智能安全的主要担忧是电影
《终结者》中那个邪恶的超级智能。）可推断，作者提及《终结者》是为了介绍本文对人工智能安全的担忧的主
题。故选B项。
3.
Fridaywas"ChattyBusday",anexperimentaimedatgettingpeopletotalktoeachotheronpublictransport.
Thisisnotanideathatwouldappealtothosewhocommuteintherushhour,becausethereisasmallerdistancewithin
whichit'sjustasuncomfortabletotalk.Elbow(肘)roomisapreconditionforsociability.Itisnocoincidencethatthe
firsttrulypersonalmusicplayer,theSonyWalkman,wasinventedinJapanwherethecommutertrainsareliterally
crowdedwithpeople.
Wewillalsonottalktostrangerswhoarephysicallytoofaraway,ofcourse.Noonewantstoshouttheirsmalltalk.
Onlyoncountrybusesorsimilarunhurriedanduncrowdedformsofpublictransportcanpeoplereachouttotheir
neighbors,confidentthattheyaredoingsofromapositionofstrengthandautonomy.
Forallthesedrawbacks,theideaoftalkingtostrangersisstillagoodone,andthepromotionofsociabilityisgood
forsociety.Althoughitdoesseemtobeageneralrulethatpeoplearefriendlierthefewerthereareofthemandmore
hostileandindifferentascitiesgetmorecrowded,therearestillconsiderableculturalvariations.Andthereisevidence
thatfriendlierplacesarealsohealthier,andtheirinhabitantshappier.
Itistruethattheapparentlonelinessofmanypeopleonpublictransportisafalseimpression.
Manywillbecaughtupwithconversationswithdistantfriendsontheirphones;somewillbetalkingtothepeople
inbooks.Somemaybeinwilledsolitudewiththeirheadphones.Buttherearealwayspeoplewhowouldbeinterested
inanunexpectedconversationwithastranger.Thisneednotgoonfortoolong.
Itisnotlargeandpossiblylife-changingconversationsthatarewhatmostpeopleinlonelinessmissmost.What
theyreallyneedisnotdeepthoughtbutsuperficiality.Thekindofconversationthatyoucouldhavewithanyone
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remindsyouthatyouyourselfmightbeanyone.Itisareleasefromtheprisonoftheself,whichiswherelonelypeople
servetheirsentences,uncertainwhethertheyevercanbeparoled(假释).Friendshipmaybetoorareagifttohopefor,
butsometimesthekindestthingtosayisalsothesimplest:"Don'tbeastranger"-andsometimesthat'salsoenough.
1．Whatistheauthormostlikelytoagreewith?
A．Smalltalktostrangerswillhelpeaselonelinessontheroad.
B．Lonelypeopleareindesperateneedofdeepconversation.
C．Peopleinlesspopulatedcitiestendtobecoldanddistant.
D．It'sinadvisabletotalktostrangerswhoarephysicallytooclose.
2．Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthetext?
A．Tocastnewlightonhumanloneliness.
B．Tointroduceanexperimentanditseffects.
C．Toadvocatestrikingupconversationswithstrangers.
D．Toexploretherelationshipbetweenphysicaldistanceandwillingnesstoreachout.
【答案】1．A2．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者介绍了在现代社会，陌生人之间建立沟通交流的阻碍因素以及这种陌生人之间
随意的交谈带来的益处，最后呼吁大家敞开心扉，通过沟通交流积极打破这种陌生人之间的距离感。
1．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Itisareleasefromtheprisonoftheself,whichiswherelonelypeopleservetheir
sentences,uncertainwhethertheyevercanbeparoled(假释)。（孤独的人会给自己设置牢笼，宣判自己而且不确定
自己是否可以被假释，这样一种闲聊对他们来说就是一种释放。）”可知，作者认为，与陌生人在路上的闲聊可
以帮助缓解孤独。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Friendshipmaybetoorareagifttohopefor,butsometimesthekindestthingtosay
isalsothesimplest:"Don'tbeastranger"-andsometimesthat'salsoenough.（友谊可能是一份太稀有的礼物因而无法
去期待，但是有时候最好的也就是最简单的，就是说出“不要成为一个陌生人”，这就够了。）”可知，作者在文
章中叙述的阻碍陌生人之间的闲聊的因素以及这种闲聊的好处，都是为了提倡大家探索物理距离、积极地与陌
生人之间建立起沟通交流。故选C。
4.
WithadvancedcommunicationtechnologicsmakingtheiconicBritishredtelephoneboxesexpendable（可抛弃
的）,aUSfirmisallsettobringthembacktouse.Callboxeswouldbechangedintomini-officesforworkers
on-the-goandwillofferfreecoffeetosubscribers（认购者）.
BarWorksInc'schiefexecutiveJonathanBlack,aBritonlivinginNewYork,saidthathiscompanywillrenew
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telephoneboxeswithfullyfunctionalprinters,scanners,25-inchscreensandWi-Fi.BarWorksspecializesinoffering
bar-themedworkstationsinprimelocations,chargingcustomerswithamonthlysubscriptioninreturnforfreeaccess
tothebusinessandofficesupplies.Thecompanyplanstooperateinasimilarmanner,offeringBritishcustomerswith
monthlymembershipsto"PodWorks"for£19.99（$29）.
ThecompanywillrefittelephoneboxesinfivemajorBritishcitiesandhasalreadyrentedandchanged15oldcall
boxesinLondonandEdinburgh.Asexpected,theyarecomingintousebythepublicinthecomingmonths."Giventhe
primelocation,aboveallelse,ofthetelephoneboxes,thelaunchisexpectedtogainatleast10,000membersbythe
endof2021.It'sanalternativeto,say,Starbucksbutobviouslyitprovidesyouwithtotalprivacy."saidBlack.
Thankstomobilephones,theredtelephoneboxeshavebeeneffectivelymadeexpendable.Accordingtoareport
bytheDailyMail,retiredtelephoneboxes,especiallythosedamageddeliberately,aresenttoa"telephonebox
graveyard"ofsorts,wheretheytakegreatpainstorestoretotheirformerglorybeforebeingsoldtocollectorsacross
theglobe.Suchisthedemandforproperlyrestoredtelephoneboxes,thatitisnotuncommonforthemtobesoldfor
amountsashighas£10,000.
Despiteitssetback,inarecentsurvey,theBritishredtelephonebox,whichwasoriginallydesignedin1920,was
votedthegreatestBritishdesignofalltime.
1．WhatisBlack'sattitudetowardsthelaunch?
A．Doubtful. B．Confident. C．Cautious. D．Uncertain.
2．What'sthepurposeofwritingaboutthetelephoneboxesinthispassage?
A．Toarouseconcernforthem. B．Tointroducetheirnewrole.
C．Toexpandalargermarket. D．Toadvertisetheirlaunch.
【答案】1．B2．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。在经历了时代进步后，原本已经废弃不用的红色电话亭即将有自己新的角色，它将
成为迷你办公室，成为提供完全的隐私的星巴克替代品。
1．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“It'sanalternativeto,say,Starbucksbutobviouslyitprovidesyouwithtotal
privacy.”（它是星巴克的替代品，但显然它为你提供了完全的隐私。）可知，布莱克认为电话亭是星巴克的替代
品，但是又在隐私方面比星巴克有优势。所以布莱克对此的态度是非常自信的。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第一段“With advanced communication technologics making the iconic British red telephone
boxes expendable（可抛弃的）, a US firm is all set to bring them back to use. Call boxes would be changed into
mini-officesforworkerson-the-goandwilloffer freecoffeetosubscribers（认购者）.”（随着先进的通
信技术使英国标志性的红色电话亭变得不再重要，一家美国公司准备重新使用它们。电话亭将被改成为忙碌的
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员工的迷你办公室，并将为订户提供免费咖啡。）可知，文章介绍红色电话亭目的是介绍其新的角色和作用。故
选B。
5.
Gracefullyspinningamongagroupofdancersinpink,AnthonyMadustoodoutinblackleggings.The
11-year-oldboy'sdanceintheraininLagos,Nigeria,notonlytouchedtheheartsofmillionswhosawhispassionbutit
ishelpingmakehisdreamcometrue.
Avideoofhimdancingbarefootintherainonconcreteoutsidethestudiowherehetrains,theLeapofDance
Academy,becameahitlastmonth—morethan15millionpeoplehavewatchedhisjoyfulleapsandpirouettes,not
discouragedbytherainandroughsurface.
AccompanyingAnthony'svideo,theAcademywrotesomewords,"Behindthosefancifulbeautyandcostumesare
lotsandlotsofbackstagehardwork.Withverylittleornoresourcesourkidsaretrainingtobethebesttheycan.”
ThevideocaughttheeyeoftheAmericanBalletTheatre,whichgaveAnthonyascholarshipandarrangedInternet
accessforvirtualtrainingthissummer.Anthonywillnowhavethechancetotrainwithsomeofthebestballetdancers
intheworld.Whenaskedhowballetmakeshimfeel,theboysaid,"Itmakesmefeelstrongandhappy.WhenIam
dancing,1feelasifIamontopoftheworld.IseemyfuturelikethatI'mgoingtobeaprofessionaldancerwhenI
growup,"Anthonysaid.
CynthiaErivo,anactressoftheTheatre,wasgreatlymovedbytheyoungdancer'sperformance."Ithinkit's
extremelyimportantbecauseIthinkboysareencouragedtodothisincrediblyhardcraftthatactuallyencourages
strengthandstaminaandbeauty,"shesaid.Inaddition,theTheatre'sfamousperformerCalvinRoyalIIIoffered
encouragementfromhalfaworldaway."YouarenotonlychangingyourworldthereinAfricabutyou'rechangingthe
heartsandmindsofsomanypeople,"Royalsaid.
Thelastparagraphisintendedtoshowthat_______________.
A．ErivoandRoyalarefamousperformers B．balletisanincrediblyhardcraft
C．boysarenotencouragedtodance D．Anthonyisthoughthighlyof
【答案】D
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了一个11岁尼日利亚男孩Anthony在雨中光脚跳舞的视频风靡一时，许
多观看了这个视频的人被他的激情所感动，Anthony也因为这段视频得到了美国芭蕾舞剧院提供的奖学金有机
会和世界上最好的芭蕾舞演员一起训练。
推理判断题。根据最后一段“CynthiaErivo,anactressoftheTheatre,wasgreatlymovedbytheyoungdancer's
performance."Ithinkit'sextremelyimportantbecauseIthinkboysareencouragedtodothisincrediblyhardcraftthat
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actuallyencouragesstrengthandstaminaandbeauty,"shesaid.Inaddition,theTheatre'sfamousperformerCalvin
RoyalIIIofferedencouragementfromhalfaworldaway."YouarenotonlychangingyourworldthereinAfricabut
you'rechangingtheheartsandmindsofsomanypeople,"Royalsaid.(剧院女演员CynthiaErivo被这位年轻舞者的
表演深深打动了。她说：“我认为这是非常重要的，因为我认为男孩们被鼓励去从事这种难以置信的艰苦的艺术，
这实际上鼓励了人们的力量、坚韧的耐力和美丽。”此外，剧院的著名演员CalvinRoyalIII在地球另一端给予了
鼓励。Calvin说：“你不仅改变了你在非洲的世界，还改变了很多人的心和思想”)”可推知，最后一段旨在说明
安东尼受到高度评价。故选D。
规律方法：如何解决目的意图题？
常见的设问方式：
Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext?
Thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto_______.
Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat________.
Thefact…ismentionedbytheauthortoshow________.
Theauthorwritersthelastparagraphinorderto________.
写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一
般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考
生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写
作意图。
【变式精讲】
1.
Aspeoplegetolder,thetypesoffriendstheyhavetendtochange.Asyoungadults,humanshavealotoffriends.
Withage,theyoftenprefertospendtheirtimewithjustafewclose,positiveindividuals.Researcherslongbelievedthat
thischangewasuniquetohumans,butanewstudyfindsthatchimpsalsohavesimilartendencies.
Oneexplanationforthehumanstogetpickyaboutsocialconnectionshastodowithawarenessofourlimitedlife
span.“Peoplemonitorhowmuchtimewehaveleftinourlifeandchooseemotionally-fulfillingrelationshipsinold
age,”saysoneofthestudy'sleadauthorsAlexandraG.Rosati,apsychologistattheUniversityofMichigan.Aspeople
age,theydon’twanttobesurroundedbyalargegroupofnegativefriends,butwouldprefertobenearahandfulof
optimisticindividuals.
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Rosatiandhercolleagueswerecuriouswhetherchimpswouldshowsimilarfeatureseventhoughtheydon’tseem
tobeawareoftheirupcomingdeath.Researchersused78,000hoursofobservationsmadeover20yearsfromthe
KibaleChimpanzeeProjectinUganda.Thedatalookedatthesocialinteractionsof21malechimpsbetween15and58
yearsold.Theresearchersonlystudiedmalechimpsbecausetheyshowstrongersocialbondsandhavemoresocial
interactionsthanfemalechimps.
Researchersfoundthatwildchimpanzeesshareasimilarpattern.“Theyinteractwithothersinmorepositiveways
astheygetolder.Youngeradults,incontrast,showmoreaggressionandweremorelikelytoformone-sided
relationshipswheretheirpartnerdidnotreciprocate.”saysRosati.Forexample,theolderchimpanzeeswouldsitclose
totheirlong-timecompanionsandgroom(给……梳毛)eachother,whileyoungerchimpshadmoreone-sided
relationshipswheretheywouldgroomafriend,buttheactionwasn'treturned.Thestudywaspublishedinthejournal
Science.
“Thisagingpatternmaybetheresultofsharedchangesinourabilitiestomanageouremotionswithage,”Rosati
says.“Thissharedpatternbetweenchimpanzeesandhumanscouldrepresentanadaptiveresponsewhereolderadults
focusonimportantsocialrelationshipsthatprovidebenefitsandavoidinteractionsthathavenegativeconsequencesas
theylosecompetitivefightingability.”
1．Whydohumanschangetheirpreferenceforfriendsinoldage?
A．Theydon’tlikemakingnewfriends.
B．Theirfriendspassawayonebyone.
C．Theyadapttothechangesinnature.
D．Theyknowtheirlifeisrunningout.
2．WhatisthepurposeofParagraph3?
A．Toshowthestudywasdonescientifically.
B．Toshowhowscientiststriedtoprovetheirassumption.
C．Toshowhowharditwastoobservethechimps.
D．Toshowmalechimpsareunawareofupcomingdeath.
3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reciprocate”inParagraph4mean?
A．Repaytheirkindness. B．Takecareofthem.
C．Getalongwellwiththem. D．Sitclosetothem.
4．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A．PeoplePreferPositivePartnersinOldAge
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B．PositiveBondsBenefitChimpsinManyWays
C．AgingChimpslikeUsGetPickyAboutFriends
D．ChimpsShareSimilarTendencieswithHumans
【答案】1．D2．A3．A4．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文通过科学研究来说明猩猩与人类一样，随着年龄变大，他们所交的朋友类型也
会发生变化，年老时喜欢选择少数几个亲近的又积极活跃的朋友。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Oneexplanationforthehumanstogetpickyaboutsocialconnectionshastodo
withawarenessofourlimitedlifespan.(与人类有限的寿命有关的意识是人类对社会联系很挑剔的原因的一种解
释)”可知，D项“Theyknowtheirlifeisrunningout(他们知道自己的生命快要耗尽了)”表述与原文解释一致。故选
D。
2．推理判断题。根据文中的句子“Researchersused78,000hoursofobservationsmadeover20yearsfromtheKibale
ChimpanzeeProjectinUganda.Thedatalookedatthesocialinteractionsof21malechimpsbetween15and58years
old.(研究人员花了78，000小时对乌干达基巴莱黑猩猩项目观察了20多年。数据分析21只15-58岁的猩猩的
社会相互关系)”中的大量科学数据，以及样本选择更典型“Theresearchersonlystudiedmalechimpsbecausethey
showstrongersocialbondsandhavemoresocialinteractionsthanfemalechimps.(研究人员只研究雄猩猩，因为他们
的社交纽带更强，比雌性猩猩有更多的社交互动)”说明了文中所提的研究的科学性，具有说服力。故选A。
3．词意猜测题。根据划线词所在句前半句“Youngeradults,incontrast,showmoreaggressionandweremorelikelyto
formone-sidedrelationships(相反，年轻的成年猩猩表现出更有攻击性，更有可能地形成单方面的关系)”及后面的
举例解释“Forexample,theolderchimpanzeeswouldsitclosetotheirlong-timecompanionsandgroom(给……梳毛)
eachother,whileyoungerchimpshadmoreone-sidedrelationshipswheretheywouldgroomafriend,buttheaction
wasn'treturned.(比如，年长点的猩猩愿意坐在它们长期的同伴身边，彼此相互给对方梳毛，然而年轻点的猩猩
有更多的单方面的关系，它们给一个朋友梳理毛发，但是它们的行为没有得到回报)”可以推出划线词的意思是
“Repaytheirkindness(付出的善意行为得到回报)”故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据首段末句“Researcherslongbelievedthatthischangewasuniquetohumans,butanewstudy
findsthatchimpsalsohavesimilartendencies.(研究人员长期认为这变化是人类特有的，但是一个新的研究发现猩
猩也有与人类相似的趋势)”及最后一段“Thissharedpatternbetweenchimpanzeesandhumanscouldrepresentan
adaptiveresponsewhereolderadultsfocusonimportantsocialrelationshipsthatprovidebenefitsandavoid
interactionsthathavenegativeconsequencesastheylosecompetitivefightingability.(这种猩猩与人类共有的模式呈
现了一种适应性的反应，在这反应中，年老的会集中于重要的社会关系，这种关系提供了利益，避免了那种因
失去竞争战斗能力而产生的负面后果的相互关系)”可知，本文自始至终都围着中心大意“ChimpsShareSimilar
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TendencieswithHumans(猩猩享有与人类一样的变化趋势)”。故选D。
2.
ItwasthefirstdayofSpringherebutitdidn'tfeellikeit.TheCoronavirus(冠状病毒)Pandemicwassweepingthe
globeandeverywheretherewerefeelingsofuncertainty,fear,lonelinessandevendespair."SocialDistancing"had
becomethenewnorm.Heretheschoolshadbeenclosed,therestaurantdiningroomshadbeenshut,andpeoplehad
beentoldtoworkfromhomewhenevertheycould.Eventheshelteredworkshopwheremyoldestsonworkedhadbeen
closeduntilfurlhernotice.Peoplehadmadearunonthestoresandlargeareasoftheshelveswerebare.Onthenews
thenumbersofsickanddeadcontinuedtorise.Itfeltliketherewasaweightonthesoulsofeveryoneintheworld.
MyownfamilywasstayingathomeasmuchaspossibleandasIlookedoutmywindowIwonderedhowlongthis
crisiswouldlast.Itwasthen,however.thatIsawsomethingthatliftedthatweightoffofmysoul,mademyfacesmile,
andmademyheartfeelhappyagain.Onthestreetbelowmyhousetherewasanoldfriendofminefromhighschool
whowasateachertherenow.Withhimwasmyyoungersonsformeraidefromthehighschoolaswell.Theywere
deliveringtheschoollunchesdoortodoortothehungrychildrenwhowerestuckalhome.Watchingthemmademe
thinkofsomethingeveryone'schildhoodtelevisionneighbor.Mr.Roger'soncesaid:“Inthebadtimes,alwayslookfor
thehelpers.”
Ihavenodoubtthiscrisiswillpassasallthecrisisbeforeithave.Butitisourchoiceonwhetheritbringsoutthe
bestinusortheworstinus.Letitbringoutthebestinyou.Useittostrengthenyourfaith.Useittofreeyourselffrom
fear.Useittogrowkinder,moregiving,andmoreloving.Becomeahelpertoallthoseinneedandyouwillbeahappy
persontodayandinallthedaystocome.
1．Howdidpeoplefeelinfaceoftheepidemic?
A．Disappointed. B．Confident. C．Tense. D．Doubtful.
2．Whatmadetheauthorhappy?
A．Seeingsomeonedeliveringlunchesfromdoortodoor
B．Stayingtogetherwithhisfamiliesintimeofdanger
C．Seeingachildhoodtelevisionintimeofdanger
D．Standingbythewindowandlookoutintothestreet
3．WhatMr.Rogersaidactuallymeans______.
A．inbadtimesweshouldwatchmonTVprograms
B．schoollunchesarcnoteasytoforgetformanypeople
C．weshouldpreparemorelunchesforschoolchildren
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D．peoplelookforwardtohelpinghandsinbadtimes
4．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?
A．Toexpresshisexpectationtoendtheepidemicsoon
B．Toencouragepeopletobringouttheirbestinhadtimes
C．Toshowthatheisreadytohelpothersintimeofdanger
D．Toexplainwhyweshouldhavestrongfaithinourselves
【答案】1．C2．A3．D4．B
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在新春来临之际，新型冠状病毒席卷全球。在这危难的时刻，作者欣喜地看
到街道上有人在挨家挨户地给困在家里饥饿的儿童送餐。作者认为，在危急的时刻，人们仍然掌握着选择权，
选择守望相助。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“TheCoronavirus(冠状病毒)Pandemicwassweepingtheglobeandeverywhere
therewerefeelingsofuncertainty,fear,lonelinessandevendespair.(新冠肺炎疫情席卷全球，人们感到恐惧和孤独，
甚至绝望。)”和“Peoplehadmadearunonthestoresandlargeareasoftheshelveswerebare.Onthenewsthenumbers
ofthesickanddeadcontinuedtorise,Itfeltliketherewasaweightonthesoulsofeveryoneintheworld.(人们纷纷涌
向商店，大面积的货架都是光秃秃的。在患病和死亡人数持续上升的新闻报道中，感觉好像有一种重量压在了
世界上每个人的灵魂上。)”可推断，面对新冠疫情，人们感到非常紧张、焦虑。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Theyweredeliveringtheschoollunchesdoortodoortothehungrychildrenwho
werestuckathome.(他们正在挨家挨户地为被困在家里的饥饿的孩子们送学校的午餐。)”可知，让作者深感欣慰
的是看到有人在挨家挨户地给人送餐。故选A。
3．句意猜测题。根据第二段Roger的这句话 “Inthebadtimes,alwayslookforthehelpers.”再结合上下文，疫情
期间，人们相互帮助，可以推测，Roger的这句话意为“在危急的时刻，人们都应该互相帮助”。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据本文的最后一段，特别是“Letitbringoutthebestinyou.(让它激发出你最好的一面。)”。我
们可以看出作者写作本文的目的就是要鼓励人们在危急的时刻展现他们最善良的一面。故选B。
3.
IwasinthemiddleoftheAmazon(亚马逊)withmywife,whowasthereasamedicalresearcher.Weflewona
smallplanetoafarawayvillage.Wedidnotspeakthelocallanguage,didnotknowthecustoms,andmoreoftenthan
not,didnotentirelyrecognizethefood.Wecouldnothavefeltmoreforeign.
Wewereraisedonbooksandcomputers,highwaysandcellphones,butnowwewerelivinginavillagewithout
runningwaterorelectricityItwaseasyforustogotosleepattheendofthedayfeelingalittlemisunderstood.
ThenoneperfectAmazonianevening,withmonkeyscallingfrombeyondthevillagegreen,weplayedsoccer.Iam
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notgoodatsoccer,butthateveningitwaswonderful.Everyoneknewtherules.Weallspokethesamelanguageof
passesandshots.Weunderstoodoneanotherperfectly.Asdarknesscameoverthefieldandthematchended,thegoal
keeper,Juan,walkedovertomeandsaidinamatter-of-factway,“Inyourhome,doyouhaveamoontoo?”Iwas
surprised.
AfterIexplainedtoJuanthatyes,wedidhaveamoonandyes,itwasverysimilartohis,Ifeltasortofawe(敬畏)
atthepossibilitiesthatexistedinhisworld.InJuan’sworld,eachvillagecouldhaveitsownmoon.InJuan’sworld,the
unknownandundiscoveredwasvastandmarvelous.Anythingwaspossible.
Inoursociety,weknowthatEarthhasonlyonemoon.Wehavelookedatourplanetfromeveryangleandfound
allofthewildestthingslefttofind.Ican,frommycomputerathome,pullupsatelliteimagesofJuan’svillage.There
arenomorecontinentsandnomoremoonstosearchfor,littlelefttodiscover.Atleastitseemsthatway.
Yet,asIthoughtaboutJuan’squestion,Iwasnotsurehowmuchmorewecouldreallyruleout.Iam,inpart,an
antbiologist,somythoughtsturnedtowhatweknowaboutinsectlifeandIknewthatmuchintheworldofinsects
remainsunknown.Howmuch,though?Howignorant(无知的)arewe?Thequestionofwhatweknowanddonot
knowconstantlybotheredme.
Ibegancollectingnewspaperarticlesaboutnewspecies,newmonkey,newspider…,andonandontheyappear.
Mydrawerquicklyfilled.Ibeganaseconddrawerformoregeneraldiscoveries:newcavesystemdiscoveredwith
dozensofnamelessspecies,fourhundredspeciesofbacteriafoundinthehumanstomach.Theseconddrawerbeganto
fillandasitdidIwonderedwhethertherewerebiggerdiscoveriesoutthere,notjustspecies,butlifethatdependson
thingsthoughttobeuseless,lifeevenwithoutDNA．Istartedathirddrawerforthesebigdiscoveries.Itfillsmore
slowly,butallthesame,itfills.
Inlookingintothestoriesofbiologicaldiscovery,Ialsobegantofindsomethingelse,acollectionofscientists,
usuallybrilliantoccasionallyhalf-mad,whomadethediscoveries.Thosescientistsveryoftenseethesamethingsthat
otherscientistssee,buttheypaymoreattentiontothem,andtheyfocusonthemtothepointofexhaustion(穷尽),and
attheriskoftheridiculeoftheirpeers.Inlookingforthestoriesofdiscovery,Ifoundthestoriesofthesepeopleand
howtheirliveschangedourviewoftheworld.
Wearerepeatedlywillingtoimaginewehavefoundmostofwhatislefttodiscover.Weusedtothinkthatinsects
werethesmallestorganisms(生物),andthatnothingliveddeeperthansixhundredmeters.Yet,whensomethingnew
turnsup,moreoftenthannot,wedonotevenknowitsname.
1．WhatmadethatAmazonianeveningwonderful?
A．Helearnedmoreaboutthelocallanguage.
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B．Theyhadaniceconversationwitheachother.
C．Theyunderstoodeachotherwhileplaying.
D．Hewonthesoccergamewiththegoalkeeper.
2．WhywastheauthorsurprisedatJuan’squestionaboutthemoon?
A．Thequestionwastoostraightforward.
B．Juanknewsolittleabouttheworld.
C．Theauthordidn’tknowhowtoanswer.
D．Theauthordidn’tthinkJuanwassincere.
3．Whatwastheauthor’sinitialpurposeofcollectingnewspaperarticles?
A．Tosortoutwhatwehaveknown.
B．TodeepenhisresearchintoAmazonians.
C．Toimprovehisreputationasabiologist.
D．Tolearnmoreaboutlocalcultures.
4．Howdidthosebrilliantscientistsmakegreatdiscoveries?
A．Theyshiftedtheirviewpointsfrequently.
B．Theyfollowedotherscientistsclosely.
C．Theyoftencriticizedtheirfellowscientists.
D．Theyconductedin-depthandclosestudies.
【答案】1．C2．B3．A4．D
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和妻子来到了亚马逊，妻子是一名医学研究者。一踏上这里，作者感到非
常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在生物多样性发现的过程中，作者
意识到，很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Everyoneknewtherules.Weallspokethesamelanguageofpassesandshots.We
understoodoneanotherperfectly.”可知，每个人都知道规则，在传球和射门方面，我们说着同样的语言，彼此非
常了解。由此可知，踢球时他们的彼此理解使得他们的亚马逊夜晚很美好。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段“InJuan’sworld,theunknownandundiscoveredwasvastandmarvelous.”可知，在胡安
的世界里，未知的东西和未被发现的东西是浩瀚而神奇的。由此推知，作者对胡安关于月球的问题感到惊讶，
是因为胡安对这个世界知之甚少。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第七段“Ibegancollectingnewspaperarticlesaboutnewspecies,newspider...,andonandonthey
appear,mydrawerquicklyfilled,Ibeganaseconddrawerformoregeneraldiscoveries:newcavesystemdiscovered
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withdozensofnamelessspecies...Istartedathirddrawerforthesebigdiscoveries.”可知，我开始收集报纸上关于新
物种、新蜘蛛的文章……它们源源不断地出现，我的抽屉很快就填满了。我开始用第二个抽屉来储存更普遍的
发现：在新的洞穴系统发现了几十个无名的物种……我还为这些重大发现准备了第三个抽屉。由此推知，作者
收集报纸文章的初始目的是为了分类我们所知道的事情。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“buttheypaymoreattentiontothem,andtheyfocusonthemtothepointof
exhaustion,andattheriskoftheridiculeoftheirpeers.”可知，但他们更多地关注这些发现，他们把注意力集中在这
些发现上直到精疲力竭的地步，冒着被同龄人嘲笑的风险。由此可知，杰出的科学家进行深入细致的研究，做
出重大的发现。故选D。
4.
Ioftenfindpeacefulnessinasoaringstonechurch,acoolopenplacetositandcontemplate.Thegianttrunk-like
pillars(柱子)andthegentleplayofthelightcastthroughachurch'sstainedglasswindowscreateashadedgardenof
stoneandmulticoloredlight.
Glassitselfisoneofthefruitsoftheartoffire.Itisafusion(熔接)oftheEarth'srocksmeltedathigh
temperatures.Glass'sliquid-likestructureisoneofthemainreasonsitistransparent(透明的).However,"transparent"
doesnotnecessarilymeanthatalllightcanpassthroughit.Someobsidian(黑曜石)glassesaresodarklycoloredthat
theyareeffectivelyblackandopaque(不透光的).Thisisbecauseelectronsofsomeelementsintheobsidianare
arrangedinsuchawaythattheirenergyisthesameastheenergyofvisiblelight.
Thisabilityofcertainelementstoabsorblightandgivecolorisusedtogreateffectinstainedglasswindows.For
example,addingcobaltoxide(氧化钴)totheglassduringmeltingwillmakeitbluebecausecobaltabsorbs
wavelengthsattheredendofthespectrum(光谱)butdoesnotabsorbblue.Thesecolorswerediscoveredbythe
ancientsthroughtrialanderror,addingdifferentmineralstothemeltingpotandmeltingfordifferentperiodsoftime,
eventhoughtheyhadnoideawhatcausedthem.
Theterm"stainedglass"telescopes(精简)threedifferentprocesses:coloring,stainingandpainting,eachone
complexandrequiringtheapplicationofmanyskills.Inthemid-16thcentury,however,differentcoloredenamels(珐
琅)begantobeused.Ithasbeensaidthattheappearanceofenamelingwasthedeathofthegreatstainedglasswindow
artists.Iamnotsureifthisistrue,butIdoknowthatstandinginfrontofagreatstainedglasswindowisamagical
experience.Nexttimeyouareinasoaringcathedral,takeamomenttoadmirethewindows.
1．Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?
A．Toshowtheactualwaytomakestainedglass.
B．Toexpresshisappreciationofstainedglass.
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C．Totalkaboutthefunctionofstainedglass.
D．Toreviewthehistoryofstainedglass.
2．Whatdoes“theirenergy”underlinedinparagraph2referto?
A．Theenergyofhightemperatures.
B．Theenergyofobsidianglasses.
C．Theenergyofsomeelectrons.
D．Theenergyofallelements.
3．Howisstainedglassmade?
A．BymeltingsomeoftheEarth'srockswithsunenergy.
B．Bypaintingsomecolorsonrocksbeforemeltingthem.
C．Byabsorbingfireandsunlighttomakevariedcolors.
D．Byaddingsomemineralstoglasswhenitismelted.
4．Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?
A．Stainedglasswasinventedinthemid-16thcentury.
B．Makingenamelswasmorecomplexthanmakingstainedglass.
C．Thenumberofstainedglassartistsmayhavedeclinedsincethe1550s.
D．Theauthoradmiringlywelcomesthechangecausedbycoloredenamels.
【答案】1．B2．C3．D4．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章是关于彩色玻璃的介绍，也表达了作者对这种彩色玻璃的喜爱。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Ioftenfindpeacefulnessinasoaringstonechurch,acoolopenplacetositand
contemplate.Thegianttrunk-likepillars(柱子)andthegentleplayofthelightcastthroughachurch'sstainedglass
windowscreateashadedgardenofstoneandmulticoloredlight.(我常在高耸的石头教堂里找到平静，一个很酷的可
以坐下来沉思的地方。巨大的柱子和透过教堂彩色玻璃的温和的光线形成了一座石柱影子与五彩斑斓光线之
园)”及文章最后一句“Nexttimeyouareinasoaringcathedral,takeamomenttoadmirethewindows.(下次你在高耸
入云的大教堂时，花点时间欣赏一下窗户)”可知，作者使用了大量景物和感官的描写，目的是表达对教堂里的
彩色玻璃的喜爱。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Someobsidian(黑曜石)glassesaresodarklycoloredthattheyareeffectivelyblack
andopaque(不透光的).Thisisbecauseelectronsofsomeelementsintheobsidianarearrangedinsuchawaythat
theirenergyisthesameastheenergyofvisiblelight.(一些黑曜石玻璃的颜色非常深，以至于它们实际上是黑色和
不透明的。这是因为黑曜石里的某些元素的电子以某方式排列，以致于theirenergy与可见光一样)”可推知，黑
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曜石里的某些元素的电子以某方式排列，使得具备的能量和可见光一样，所以才能阻断可见光。由此推知，their
energy指的是“黑曜石里的某些元素的电子的能量”。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Thesecolorswerediscoveredbytheancientsthroughtrialanderror,adding
differentmineralstothemeltingpotandmeltingfordifferentperiodsoftime,eventhoughtheyhadnoideawhat
causedthem.(这些颜色是古人通过反复试验发现的，他们在熔炉中加入了不同的矿物质，并在不同的时间里融
化，尽管他们不知道是什么导致了它们)”可知，彩色玻璃是在玻璃熔化时加入一些矿物质制成的。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Inthemid-16thcentury,however,differentcoloredenamels(珐琅)begantobe
used.Ithasbeensaidthattheappearanceofenamelingwasthedeathofthegreatstainedglasswindowartists.(在16世
纪中叶，然而，不同颜色的珐琅开始被使用了。据说珐琅的出现也就是伟大彩色玻璃窗户艺术家的死亡)”可知，
C项“Thenumberofstainedglassartistsmayhavedeclinedsincethe1550s.(自从1550年起彩色玻璃艺术家的数量
开始下降)”符合原文语意。故选C。
5.
Imagineaworldwhereyoumovearoundinfrontofapersonalcomputerinyourownsoundspace.Youlistento
yourfavoritesongs,playloudcomputergamesorwatchamovie—allwithoutotherpeoplehearingthesoundand
withoutheadphones.
Thatisthepossibilitypresentedby“soundbeaming”,anewtechnologyfromNovetoSystems,anIsraelicompany.
OnFriday,thecompanyintroducedadesktopdevicethatsendssounddirectlytoalistenerwithouttheneedfor
headphonesoraspecialreceiver.
NovetoSystemsgaveTheAssociatedPress(AP)achancetotestitsSoundBeamer1.0beforeitsintroduction.The
AP’sLouiseDixonwritesthatlisteningtothedeviceislikesomethingfromasciencefictionmovie.Thesoundseems
soclosethatitfeelslikeitisinsideyourearswhilealsoinfront,aboveandbehindthem.
Novetoexpectsthedevicewillhavemanyuses.Officeworkerscouldlistentomusicorconferencecallswithout
othershearing.Peoplecouldplayagame,amovieormusicwithoutwakingupothersinthesameroom.Becausethe
devicedoesnotuseheadphones,itispossibletohearothersoundsintheroomclearly.
Thedeviceusesa3-Dsensingmodulethatfindsandfollowstheearpositionofthelistener.Itsendsultrasonic
waves(超声波)tocreatesoundpocketsbytheuser’sears.The3-Dmethodcreatessoundonallsidesofthelistener,
thereforethelistenersfeelcompletelytransportedintothescene.
Bychangingasetting,thesoundcanfollowalisteneraroundwhenhemoveshishead.Itisalsopossibletomove
outofthesoundbeam'spathandhearnothingatall.
Whiletheideaofsoundbeamingisnotnew,Novetowasthefirsttolaunchthetechnology.
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AccordingtothechiefexecutiveofficerChristopheRamstein,a“smaller”versionofthedevicewillbereadyfor
releasetoconsumersnextyear.
1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“possibility”inParagraph2referto?
A．Thelistenermayputonmusictoblockoutothersounds.
B．Thelistenermayhearsoundonlyforhimorherwithoutusingheadphones.
C．Thelistenermayenjoysongsormovieswithoutbeinginterruptedbyothers.
D．Thelistenermayhavetheabilitytopickupsomespecialsounds.
2．WhatdoesLouiseDixonthinkofSoundBeamer1.0?
A．Amazing. B．Impossible.
C．Strange. D．Meaningful.
3．HowdoesSoundBeamerputsoundinthelistener'shead?
A．Itplacesthelisteneronthescenetohearthesound.
B．Itfixesasoundbeam’spathwhichcannotbechanged.
C．Itfollowsthelistenersaroundtosendandreceivesounds.
D．With3-Dtrackingtechnology,itsendsultrasonicwavestothetargetlistener.
4．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?
A．TopromotetheSoundBeamer. B．Tointroduceanewsounddevice.
C．Torecommendnewheadphones. D．Toexplainatechnicalphenomenon.
【答案】1．B2．A3．D4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍一种新的声音设备。该设备没有耳机，采用3D技术可以发现并跟踪耳
朵的位置。
1．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句后文“OnFriday,thecompanyintroducedadesktopdevicethatsendssound
directlytoalistenerwithouttheneedforheadphonesoraspecialreceiver(上周五，该公司推出了一款台式设备，可
以直接将声音发送到听筒，而不需要耳机或特殊的接收器)”可推知，划线词possibility指的是“听众可能只听他
或她的声音而不使用耳机” 。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“TheAP’sLouiseDixonwritesthatlisteningtothedeviceislikesomethingfroma
sciencefictionmovie.Thesoundseemssocloseitfeelslikeitisinsideyourearswhilealsoinfront,aboveandbehind
them.(美联社的路易丝·狄克逊写道，聆听该新设备就像置身于科幻电影中一样。感觉声音像在耳朵内以及耳朵
前方，上方和后方立体环绕)”可知，LouiseDixon觉得SoundBeamer1.0是令人惊讶的。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Thedeviceusesa3-Dsensingmodulethatfindsandfollowstheearpositionofthe
302/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
listener.Itsendsultrasonicwaves(超声波)tocreatesoundpocketsbytheuser’sears.The3-Dmethodcreatessound
onallsidesofthelistener,thereforethelistenersfeelcompletelytransportedintothescene.(该设备使用3d感应模块，
可以发现并跟踪听者的耳朵位置。它通过发送超声波在使用者的耳朵旁制造出声音袋。3-D方法在听者的四周
创造声音，因此听者感觉完全被传送到场景中)”可知，声波激光发射器是通过三维跟踪技术，它向目标监听器
发送超声波将声音传入听者的大脑的。故选D。
4．目的意图题。根据最后两段“Whiletheideaofsoundbeamingisnotnew,Novetowasthefirsttolaunchthe
technology.AccordingtothechiefexecutiveofficerChristopheRamstein,a“smaller”versionofthedevicewillbe
readyforreleasetoconsumersnextyear.(虽然声音传输的想法并不新鲜，但Noveto是第一个推出这项技术的公
司。据该公司首席执行官克里斯托夫·拉姆斯坦表示，该设备的“更小”版本将于明年向消费者发布)”可知，这篇
文章的目的是介绍一种新的声音设备。故选B。
专题 阅读理解 ：词义猜测
06 IV
【构建知识体系】
考点1 猜测词义题
考点2猜测短语题
词义猜测题
考点3 猜测指代题
考点4 猜测句意题
【考纲解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
要求考生阅读 4 篇短 主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意
考查
文，从每题所给的 4 个选 主旨大意、 和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细
项中选出最佳选项。题材 细节理解、 节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解
推理判断、
广泛，包括科普、社会、 全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑
词义猜测、
文化、政治、经济等多方 方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要
篇章结构
面内容。体裁多样，以记 高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。
等题型。
叙文、议论文、说明文为
303/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
主。
【剖析全国高考真题】
阅读理解IV：词义猜测题
1. 【浙江1月】
Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzees(黑猩猩)usetocommunicate.
Theysaywildchimpscommunicate19specificmessagestooneanotherwitha"vocabulary"of66gestures.The
scientistsdiscoveredthisbyfollowingandfilminggroupsofchimpsinUganda,andexaminingmorethan5,000
incidentsofthesemeaningfulexchanges.
DrCatherineHobaiter,wholedtheresearch,saidthatthiswastheonlyformofintentionalcommunicationtobe
recordedintheanimalkingdom.Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hadasystemofcommunicationwherethey
deliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember.
"That'swhat'ssoamazingaboutchimpgestures,"shesaid."They'retheonlythingthatlookslikehumanlanguage
inthatrespect.”
Althoughpreviousresearchhasshownthatapesandmonkeyscanunderstandcomplexinformationfromanother
animal'scall,theanimalsdonotappeartousetheirvoicesintentionallytocommunicatemessages.Thiswasa
significantdifferencebetweencallsandgestures,DrHobaitersaid.
Chimpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhichtheywishtocommunicate.Inone
case,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,signaling:"Climbonme."Theyoungsterimmediatelyjumpsonto
itsmothersbackandtheytravelofftogether."Thebigmessagefromthisstudyisthatthereisanotherspecies(物种)
outthere.thatismeaningfulinitscommunication,sothat'snotuniquetohumans,"saidDrHobaiter.
DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiologistfromtheUniversityofManchester,saidthestudywaspraiseworthy
inseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,theresultswere"alittle
disappointing".
"Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittletocommunicate,orwearestill
missingalotoftheinformationcontainedintheirgesturesandactions,"shesaid."Moreover,themeaningsseemtonot
gobeyondwhatotheranimalconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthegulfremains."
304/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"gulf"inthelastparagraphmean?
A．Difference. B．Conflict. C．Balance. D．Connection.
【答案】9．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群，翻译出了黑猩猩用来交流
的手势含义。
9．词义猜测题。首先根据第三段中的“They’retheonlythingthatlookslikehumanlanguageinthatrespect.（在
这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西）”可知，黑猩猩的手势交流很像我们人类语言的交流方式。但
是根据最后一段中的“Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalsconveywithnon-verbal
communications.（此外，这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的信息）”可知，黑猩猩手势
的交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的，也就是“So,itseemsthegulfremains.（所以，看来差异依
然存在）”，故gulf的意思是difference，故选A。
2.B【·浙江卷】
ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue,Washington,generallydon'tflashthesamelengthof
greentwiceinarow,especiallyatrushhour.At9:30am,thefullred/yellow/greensignalcyclemightbe140seconds.
By9:33am,aburstofadditionaltrafficmightpushitto145seconds.Lesstrafficat9:37amcouldpushitdownto135.
Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.
Thatisbydesign.Bellevue,afast-growingcityjusteastofSeattle,usesasystemthatisgainingpopularityaround
theUS:intersection(十字路口)signalsthatcanadjustinrealtimetotrafficconditions.Theselights,knownasadaptive
signals,haveledtosignificantdeclinesinboththetroubleandcostoftravelsbetweenworkandhome.
“Adaptivesignalscanmakesurethatthetrafficdemandthatisthereisbeingaddressed,”saysAlexStevanovic,a
researcheratFloridaAtlanticUniversity.
ForallofBellevue’ssuccess,adaptivesignalsarenotacure-allforjammedroadways.KevinBalke,aresearch
engineerattheTexasA&MUniversityTransportationInstitute,saysthatwhilesmartlightscanbeparticularly
beneficialforsomecities,othersaresojammedthatonlyasharpreductioninthenumberofcarsontheroadwillmake
ameaningfuldifference.“It’snotgoingtofixeverything,butadaptivesignalshavesomebenefitsforsmallercities,”he
says.
InBellevue,theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessoninthevalueofwelcomingnewapproaches.Inthe
past,therewasoftenanautomaticreactiontoincreasedtraffic:justwidentheroads,saysMarkPoch,theBellevue
TransportationDepartment’strafficengineeringmanager.Nowhehopesthatothercitieswillconsidermakingtheir
streetsrunsmarterinsteadofjustmakingthembigger.292
305/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?
A．Increasedlengthofgreenlights. B．Shortenedtrafficsignalcycle.
C．Flexibletimingoftrafficsignals. D．Smoothtrafficflowontheroad.
【答案】25．C
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。美国华盛顿州的Bellevue采用了能随交通状况而调节交通灯时间的适应性信
号灯，大大缓解了交通压力，也表明人们对于交通阻塞问题不再只是拓宽道路，而是能够采用新方法。
25．指代猜测题。That位于第二段句首，应是指代第一段的内容。根据第一段内容尤其是第一段最后一句“Just
likethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.(就像交通本身一样，信号灯的时间也会变化)”可知，第一段
主要讲述的是信号灯的时间会灵活变化；“Thatisbydesign.”意为“那是有意为之”，由此可推知，That指代第一
段中“信号灯的灵活时间”。故选C项。
3. 【·全国新高考I山东卷】
Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physically
brokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowritean
articleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.
Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongthe
GhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsof
liveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,
andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglish
inCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.
ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.In
Samarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolice
methodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬礼)followedbyastrange
drinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfrom
thesea.
MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureof
Uzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicate
stomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,
theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.
9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?
A．Developingaseriousmentaldisease.
306/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
B．TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.
C．WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.
D．WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.
【答案】9．D
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell
在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
9．词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根据第
一段最后一句”Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthe
disappearanceoftheAralSea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文
章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。
4. 【·新高考全国II卷（海南卷）】
The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years,
dealing with the various kinds of "forbidden fruit" that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol
（手枪）.
Idecidedtothinkupamethodofdealingwithforbiddenfruit.
"Pleasebringthatpistoltome,"Isaid."I'mgoingtoputitinmyGrandma'sBox."
"What'sthat?"theyasked.
"It'salargewoodenchestfulloftoysformygrandchildren,"Ireplied,
"Youdon'thavegrandchildren,"someonesaid.
"Idon'tnow."Ireplied."ButsomedayIwill.WhenIdo,myboxwillbefullofwonderfulthingsforthem."
My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes. students would ask me to
describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away
—since I seldom actually kept them Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the
belonging.
The-yearswentby,andmyfirstgrandchildGordonwasborn.Isharedmyjoywiththatyear'sclass.Thensomeone
said, "Now you can use your Grandma's Box." From then on instead of coming to ask their possessions back, the
studentswouldsay,"That'sokay.PutitinyourGrandma'sBoxforGordon."
I loved talking about the imaginary box, not only with my students but also with my own children. They enjoyed
hearingaboutall the forbidden fruit I had collected.Then oneChristmas I received a surprise gift—a large, beautifully
madewoodenchest.MysonBrucehadmademyGrandma'sBoxareality.
307/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
25.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"theoffender"inparagraph8referto? （ ）
A.Thestudent'sparent.
B.ThemakeroftheGrandma'sBox.
C.Theauthor'sgrandchild.
D.Theowneroftheforbiddenfruit.
【答案】25．D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了作者为收集学生们带到学校的玩具，想出了一个“奶奶的盒子”的
办法。到后来，作者的第一个孙子出生，学生们也不再来要求归还他们的财物了，作者也在某一年圣诞节收到
了儿子制作的大木箱，将“奶奶的盒子”变成了现实。
25．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Iwouldreturnthebelonging”结合上文提到作者把学生带到学校的玩具称为
“禁果”，且作者的“盒子”里装的就是“禁果”，所以作者等到这些禁果的拥有者在一天结束的时候出现，
然后就会归还他们的物品。由此可知，划线词意思为“禁果的拥有者”。故选D。
5. 【·全国新课标I】
Returningtoabookyou’vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There’sawelcomefamiliarity
-butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon’t
change,peopledo.Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.
Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.It’s
true,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreading,it’sallaboutthepresent.It’saboutthenowand
whatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopulltheir
ownweight.
TherearethreebooksIrereadannuallyThefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspringisEmestHemningway’sA
MoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶
醉的)，anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard’sHolytheFirm,her
poetic1975ramble(随笔)abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar’sSaveTwilight:Selected
Poems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortazar.
WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachto
them.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighest
currencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it’syou
thathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.
26．Whatdoestheunderlinedword ＂currency＂ inparagraph4referto?
308/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
A．Debt
B．Reward.
C．Allowance.
D．Facevalue.
【答案】26．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者
鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。
26．词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”
可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareader
canpaythem.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。
故选B项。
6. 【·全国新课标II】
Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’t
crossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(时装)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmade
fromnutria(海狸鼠).
UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhave(showcased)nutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferent
styles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlands
everyyear”,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.
ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.Someofthefurendsupinthe
fashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.
NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdownthere
can’thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物种).It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.It’sthemorus.”saysMichaelMassimi,an
expertinthisfield.
Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，the
cat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.
BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvincepeople
thatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartof
Mouton’sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.
Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.Morgansays，”Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycan
wearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-1thinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”
309/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforher
creationsismorallyacceptable.Shetryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.
30．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?
A．Boomed. B．Becamemature. C．Remainedstable. D．Crashed.
【答案】29．A
【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海
狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示
了担忧。
30．词义猜测题。根据第五段Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsed
inthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy. 得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当
海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由
于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，
可以推断出划线词collapsed 是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。
7. 【·全国新课标II】
Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiastic
reader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayed
ballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.
MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverything
fromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.
AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihad
severalchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgoto
thelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.
Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!It
wasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.
Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrary
livesonformgenerationtogeneration.
Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhen
theycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelps
puttogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盗版行为)and1thinkallwriters
shouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibrary
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announcementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.335
33．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?
A．Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.
B．Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.
C．Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.
D．Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.
【答案】33．B
【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有
了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，
宣传图书馆。
33．词句猜测题。根据上文AsIgrewolderandbecameamother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文Ihad
severalchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgoto
thelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem(我有几个孩子，
书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅
读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者
作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。
8. 【·全国新课标III】
When"RiseofthePlanetoftheApes"wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimalactivists
gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars. Instead,
oneactivist, dressed in afull-body monkey suit, hadarrived with a sign praisingthe filmmakers: "Thanks fornotusing
realapes(猿)!"
The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals,
spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor’s performance and later processes it with
computergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.
Yet"Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately.One nonprofit
organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000
productions this year. Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part Ⅱ" and
"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.
In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s the
off-settraining andlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.Andtherearequestionsaboutthefilms madeoutsidethe
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States,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheSates.241
26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"keepingtabson"inparagraph3probablymean?
A.Listingcompletely.
B.Directingprofessionally.
C.Promotingsuccessfully.
D.Watchingcarefully.
【答案】26.D
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好
莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造
技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐待动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不
能够被监测到的。
26.词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子“One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animal
s in filmed entertainment”（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already, a number of
films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover PartⅡ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of act
ivists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.（许多电影,包括“大象的眼泪”,“宿醉
Ⅱ”和“管理员”,引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家
监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是“密切关注”。故
选D项。
9. 【·江苏卷】
Forthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,
accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.
Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.However,farlesshasbeenknown
abouthowmealtimingandexercisemightaffectgeneralhealth.
Tofindout,Britishscientistsconductedastudy.Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthy
youngmen,whoselifestylesare,forbetterandworse,representativeofthoseofmostofus.Theytestedthemen’s
fitnessandrestingmetabolic(新陈代谢的)ratesandtooksamples(样品)oftheirbloodandfattissue.
Then,ontwoseparatemorningvisitstothescientists’lab,eachmanwalkedforanhouratanaveragespeedthat,
intheoryshouldallowhisbodytorelymainlyonfatforfuel.Beforeoneoftheseworkouts,themenskippedbreakfast,
meaningthattheyexercisedonacompletelyemptystomachafteralongovernightfast(禁食).Ontheotheroccasion,
theyatearichmorningmealabouttwohoursbeforetheystartedwalking.
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Justbeforeandanhouraftereachworkout,thescientiststookadditionalsamplesofthemen’sbloodandfattissue.
Thentheycomparedthesamples.Therewereconsiderabledifferences.Mostobviously,themendisplayedlower
bloodsugarlevelsatthestartoftheirworkoutswhentheyhadskippedbreakfastthanwhentheyhadeaten.Asaresult,
theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand,theyburned
slightlymorecalories(卡路里),onaverage,duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.
Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthemostsignificant,theresearchersfound.
Multiplegenesbehaveddifferently,dependingonwhethersomeonehadeatenornotbeforewalking.Manyofthese
genesproduceproteins(蛋白质)thatcanimprovebloodsugarregulationandinsulin(胰岛素)levelsthroughoutthe
bodyandsoareassociatedwithimprovedmetabolichealth.Thesegenesweremuchmoreactivewhenthemenhad
fastedbeforeexercisethanwhentheyhadbreakfasted.
Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskip
eatingfirst.
61．Theunderlinedexpression“stomachit”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“______”.
A．digestthemealeasily B．managewithoutbreakfast
C．decidewiselywhattoeat D．eatwhateverisoffered
【答案】61．B
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，结果表明对于那些能忍受的人来说，不吃早餐锻炼可能对健康
更有益。
61．词句猜测题。根据下文workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst可知，早
餐前锻炼可能比先吃饭再锻炼对健康更有益，因此推断这里说的是那些不吃早饭先锻炼的人，因此推断划线词
与B项”不吃早饭能应付”意思相近。故选B。
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【精讲研法】
阅读理解IV：考点1 猜测词义题
【做题实践中找规律】
1.
Everwonderhowyourbrainworkswhenmakingdecisionsbiggerthanmediumversusspicysalsa,likebuyinga
caroracceptingajoboffer?ResearchersfromtheUniversityofDundeeinScotlandconductedastudythat
clarifieswhyyoumaywanttohaveasmallbitebeforemakingthatbigdecision.
BenjaminVincentfromtheUniversityofDundee’sPsychologydepartmentandhisco-authorJordanSkyrnka
tested50peopletwotimes:oncewhentheyfollowedtheirnormaleatingpatternsandoncewhentheydidnoteat
anythingduringtheday.Usingthreedifferenttypesofrewards(food,money,andsongdownloads),theteam
discoveredwhenpresentedwiththechoiceofreceivingtherewardnowversusdoubletheawardatsomepointinthe
future,participantswouldusuallyvolunteertowaitfor35daystoearnalargerbounty,butwhentheywerehungry,they
saidtheywouldonlywaitthreedays.
“Wewantedtoknowwhetherbeinginastateofhungerhadaspecificeffectonhowyoumakedecisionsonly
relatingtofoodorifithadbroadereffects,andthisresearchsuggestsdecision-makinggetsmorepresent-focusedwhen
peoplearehungry,”Vincentsaidinastoryaboutthestudyontheuniversity’swebsite.“Youwouldpredictthathunger
wouldimpactpeople’spreferencesrelatingtofood,butitisnotyetclearwhypeoplegetmorepresent-focusedfor
completelyunrelatedrewards.Hungerissocommonthatitisimportanttounderstandthenon-obviouswaysinwhich
ourpreferencesanddecisionsmaybeaffectedbyit,”hesaid.
InanearlierstudyofthesubjectbyateamatCambridgeUniversityinEngland,theresearchersnotedthat
serotoninplaysamajorroleinthedecision-makingprocess.“Sincetherawmaterialformakingserotonin—anamino
acidcalledtryptophan—onlycomesfromdiet,levelsofthechemicaldeclinebetweenmeals,”reportsapiecein
theTelegraphaboutthestudy.“Thiscanleadtoaggressivenessandimpulsiveness,”saytheteam.
33．Theunderlinedword“bounty”inparagraph2canbebestreplacedby________.
A．bonus. B．quantity. C．income. D．fortune.
【答案】33．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，饥饿会影响人的决策，文章介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及研究发
现和意义。
33．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Usingthreedifferenttypesofrewards(food,money,andsongdownloads),the
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teamdiscoveredwhenpresentedwiththechoiceofreceivingtherewardnowversusdoubletheawardatsomepointin
thefuture,participantswouldusuallyvolunteertowaitfor35daystoearnalarger”以及后文“butwhentheywere
hungry,theysaidtheywouldonlywaitthreedays.”可知，利用三种不同类型的奖励（食物、金钱和歌曲下载），团
队发现，当让参与者选择现在领取奖励与未来某个时间点的双倍奖励时，参与者通常会自愿等待35天，以获得
更大的奖金，但当他们饥饿时，他们说他们只会等待三天。即划线词意思是“奖金”。A.bonus.奖金；B.quantity.
数量；C.income.收入；D.fortune.财富。故选A。
2.
Astheeffectsofclimatechangebecomemoredisastrous,well-knownresearchinstitutionsandgovernment
agenciesarefocusingnewmoneyandattentiononanidea:artificiallycoolingtheplanet,inthehopesofbuying
humanitymoretimetocutgreenhousegasemissions.
Thatstrategy,calledsolarclimateintervention(干预)orsolargeoengineering,involvesreflectingmoreofthe
sun’senergybackintospace—abruptlyreducingglobaltemperaturesinawaythatimitatestheeffectsofashclouds
flowingoutfromthevolcaniceruptions.Theideahasbeenconsideredasadangerousandfanciedsolution,onethat
wouldencouragepeopletokeepburningfossilfuelswhileexposingtheplanettounexpectedandpotentially
threateningsideeffects,producingmoredestructivehurricanes,wildfiresfloodsandotherdisasters.
But.asglobalwarmingcontinues,producingmoredestructivehurricanes,wildfiresfloodsandotherdisasters,
someresearchersandpolicyexpertssaythatconcernsaboutgeoengineeringshouldbeoutweighedbytheimperativeto
betterunderstandit,incasetheconsequenceofclimatechangebecomesoterriblethattheworldcan’twaitforbetter
solutions.
Onewaytocooltheearthisbyinjectingaerosols(气溶胶)intotheupperlayeroftheatmosphere.wherethose
particlesreflectsunlightawayfromtheearth.Thatprocessworks,accordingtoDouglasMacMartin,aresearcherat
CornellUniversity.
“Weknowwith100%certaintythatwecancooltheplanet,”hesaidinaninterview.What’sstillunclear,headded,
iswhathappensnext.Temperature,MacMartinsaid,isanindicatorforalotofclimateeffects.“Whatdoesitdotothe
strengthofhurricanes?”heasked,“Whatdoesitdotoagricultureproduction?Whatdoesitdototheriskofforest
fires?”
AnotherinstitutionfundedbytheNationalScienceFoundationwillanalyzehundredsofsimulationsofaerosol
injection,testingtheeffectsonweatherextremesaroundtheworld.Onegoaloftheresearchistolookforasweetspot:
theamountofartificialcoolingthatcanreduceextremeweathereventswithoutcausingbroaderchangesinregional
rainfallpatternsorsimilarimpacts.
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15．Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“sweetspot”inthelastparagraphmean?
A．Therainfallpatternofaregion.
B．Themodestdropintemperature.
C．Thenumberofextremeweatherevents.
D．Theinjectionamountofaerosol.
【答案】15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述全球气候变化带来各种灾难性的天气，政府和相关研究机构提出的各
种可能的应对办法。
15．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Onegoaloftheresearchistolookforasweetspot:theamountofartificial
coolingthatcanreduceextremeweathereventswithoutcausingbroaderchangesinregionalrainfallpatternsorsimilar
impacts.(这项研究的目标之一是寻找一个“最佳点”：人工降温的数量，既可以减少极端天气事件，又不会造成
区域降雨模式的广泛变化或类似影响)”可知，这里的“最佳点”指的是，人工降温要适度，既可以解决气候变暖
带来的极端天气，又不会给气候造成太大的影响，因此“asweetspot”指的是适度的降温。故选B项。
规律方法1： 如何解决猜测词义题？
此类题目有的可利用构词法来解答，首先要弄明白构词法的三种形式：派生法、转
化法和合成法，高考阅读理解题中的猜测词义题主要集中表现为派生和合成两种形式。有的题需要利用上下文
的已知部分进行推理；有的还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义；还有的可以根据定义、解释和举例猜测词义。
【变式精讲】
ItsoundslikesomethingoutofDr.Seuss,butartistSamVanAkenisdevelopingatreethatblooms(开花)inpink,
purpleandredinthespring-andthatiscapableofbearing40differentkindsoffruit.
No,it'snotgeneticengineering.VanAken,anassociateprofessorinSyracuseUniversity'sartdepartment,usedan
age-oldtechniquecalledgrafting(嫁接)toattachbranchesfrom40differentkindsofstonefruitontoasingletree.But
duringtheprocessofcreation,hesoondiscoveredthatitwasactuallyprettyhardtofindsomanydistinctvarietiesof
stonefruitinNewYork."Irealizedtheextendwhichwe'vecreatedthesemassivemonocultures(单种作物)."Most
grocerystoresandmarketsonlysellafewvarieties-andmostofthemaregrowninCalifornia.
VanAkenbelievesournationalsecurityisdependentuponourfondsecurity.Nowthatwehavecreatedthese
monoculturesthatonlygrowafewvarietiesofeachcrop,ifsomethinghappenstojustoneofthosevarieties,itcan
haveadramaticimpactuponourfoodsupply.Andthekeytomaintainingourfoodsecurityispreservingour
biodiversity.
100yearsago,therewerefarmorevarietiesoffruitgrowinginthebackyardsoftheAmericans.Today,onlya
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smallpartofthoseremain,andwhatisleftisthreatenedbyindustrializationofagriculture,diseaseandclimatechange.
MostofthosethreatenedvarietieswereintroducedtotheUSbyimmigrants.Theycaredforandcultivatedthem,and
valuedthemsomuchthattheysawthemasaconnectiontotheirhome."Morethanjustfood,embeddedinthesefruitis
ourculture…Inmanywaysthesefruitisourstory.AndIwasfortunateenoughtolearnaboutitthroughanartworkthat
Icreatedentitledthe"Treeof40Fruit',"VanAkensays.
14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"embedded"meaninthelastparagraph?
A．Carried. B．Located. C．Enhanced. D．Applied.
【答案】14．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了艺术家SamVanAken正在开发一种树，这种树在春天会开出粉色、
紫色和红色的花朵，而且能够结40种不同的果实。并通过创作的一幅名为《40颗水果之树》让人们了解到生
物多样的重要性。
14．词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“Morethanjustfood,embeddedinthesefruitisourculture…Inmanywaysthese
fruitisourstory.”可知，不仅仅是食物，这些水果中embedded我们的文化……在很多方面这些水果就是我们的
故事。根据句意，尤其thesefruitisourstory可知，此处是指水果蕴含、蕴藏了我们的文化。即划线词意为“蕴
藏、蕴含”，与carried同义。故选A。
阅读理解IV：考点2猜测短语题
【做题实践中找规律】
Sometimesbuyinggroceriescanbeanexpensivething.Wegoin,thinkingthatwewon'tbebuyingany
big-expenseitem,andstartpickingupsmallitemshereandthere,infact,gettingpracticallyanythingthatcomesto
mind.Aswereachthecheck-outcounter,wecan'tbelievethecheck,Butit'stoolatetodoanythingbythen.Herearea
fewmoney-savingtipstorememberforthenexttimeyougoshoppingforgroceries.
Beingpreparedmattersalotwhenitcomestobuyinggroceries.Thismeanstakingthetroubletocomeupwitha
listofthingsyouneed.Lookaroundthehousefirstandlistdownthingsasyougoalong.Afteryouhaveyourlist,add
upalltheamountsandseeifthat'swhatyouwanttospend.Ifnot,thencrossoutsomeitemsonthelist.
Importantly:preparingaListisonething,butfollowingittotheletterisanother.Makesurethatonceyou'reinthe
supermarket,youdon'tpickupthingsthataren'tonyourlist.Remember,that'saccuratelywhyyoucameupwiththe
listinthefirstplace.
Choosingthebestandmostcost-effectivestorearoundisalsoimportant.Comparepricesatdifferentplaces.
Comparequality.Checkoutthediscountsthattheyareoffering.Atfirstglance,thepricesofgoodsmaydifferbyan
insignificantvalue,butaddingthemallupcanburnaholeinyourpocket.
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Here'sanothertipfrommybrother,Leonard.Heofteneatsathomebeforeheadingtothegrocery.Ofcourse,you
knowwhy.Onceyougetthere,therearejustsomanydelicious-lookingandfine-smellingtreatsallovertheplacethat
wecanhardlyresist.
Remembertousethesetipstosavemoneywhenyougotobuygroceries.
10．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“totheletter"inparagraph3probablymean?
A．Freely. B．Secretly. C．Strictly. D．Traditionally.
【答案】10．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些省钱的购物贴士。
10．词义猜测题。根据画线短语前“Importantly:preparingalistisonething,butfollowingit...”（重要的是:准备清
单是一回事，但要按照清单去做……）及画线短语后“Makesurethatonceyou'reinthesupermarket,youdon’tpick
upthingsthataren'tonyourlist.”（确保一旦你进入超市，你不会买清单上没有的东西。）可推断，画线短语所在
句的句意是“值得一提的一点是，准备购物清单是一件事，严格按照购物清单采购是另外一件事”。由此可猜测，
画线短语的意思与Strictly的意思最为接近。故选C项。
规律方法2：如何解决猜测短语题?
猜测短语题要利用出现短语的上文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述来猜测它
的意思或利用文章中所出现的与短语意思相反的内容来猜测其语意。
【变式精讲】
According to a survey, the waste of food on the dining table occupies 10% of the total grain output. Last week
Meituanco-published aproposalwith anumber ofbusinessorganizations,callingonrestaurants tostopfoodwasteand
help develop new eating habits for customers. “Restaurants should use official accounts on social media and
live-streamingtopromoteandadvocatefood-savingactions,”theproposalsaid.
Meituan and the organizations are advocating that merchants offer guidance for consumers, including reminding
themduringtheorderingprocessaboutthetasteoftheingredients,portionsizesandotherinformationaboutthedishes,
tohelpthemavoidfoodwasteduetomisleadinginformation.
Catering associations in more than 18provinces have also joined the campaign to remove foodwaste.TheWuhan
CateringAssociation proposed an “N-1” ordering code for restaurants in which a group of 10 diners would only order
enough for nine people. More food is only brought to the table if required. It has inspired people to rethink their
relationshipwithfoodandwaste.
OnFriday,theChina CuisineAssociation announcedthatit hadteamed upwith Ele. me, afooddelivery platform,
to launch a “ half-dish plan", encouraging restaurants to provide customers with the option to order smaller portions.
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Besides,customersareencouragedtotaketheirleftovershome.
Toreducefoodwasteonsocialmediaplatforms,somepopularvideoplatformshavesteppedupcontentreviewsof
food-related live streams and implemented regulation of online eating shows. Now, if users search certain keywords,
suchas“eatingshow"or“competitiveeaters",acautionarymessage popsuptoremindthemtocherishfoodandkeepa
reasonablediet.
11．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“popsup”inthelastparagraphmean?
A．Appearsunexpectedly. B．Spreadswidely.
C．Movesquickly. D．Fadesslowly.
【答案】11．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。据调查，餐桌上的食物浪费占粮食总产量的10%。上周，美团网与一些商业组织
联合发布了一项提案，呼吁餐馆停止食物浪费，帮助消费者养成新的饮食习惯。文章介绍了应对节约粮食的各
种做法。
11．词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“ifuserssearchcertainkeywords,suchas“eatingshow"or“competitiveeaters",a
cautionarymessage”以及后文“toremindthemtocherishfoodandkeepareasonablediet.”可知，当用户搜索与食物
有关的关键词时，警示信息就会“突然出现，弹出”，提醒他们珍惜食物，保持合理饮食。故画线词意思是“突然
出现，弹出”。故选A。
阅读理解IV：考点3 猜测指代题
【做题实践中找规律】
While I was growing up, I often heard my teachers say, “Oh, Tina is gifted in algebra.” While watching the
Olympics, my parents would say, “These gymnasts are born with such ability.” Statements like these made me believe
peoplewere bornwith certain talents andif theydidn'thave a particularone atbirth, thenthey neverwould.Therefore,
Irarelyfocusedonalgebra.Nobodytoldmethatifyoukeeptryingandtrying,onedayadifficulttaskwillseemeasy.
Actually,Ilearntthisfrom my youngdaughter,Samaya. Oneday,Iwas finishingsome paperworkandIsaid,“Oh
no, how could I have made that mistake!” Samaya instantly said, “Mum, don't worry. Mistakes make your brain grow
bigger.”
Actually,we all need to be reminded that mistakes or failures are just fine and that they are a huge part of growth
and success. However, the regular belief is the opposite. We must correct this with our children. We must encourage
themtomakemistakesbecausethatmeanstheyaretryingoutnewideas.
Billionaire Sara Blakely, founder of the shapewear business Spanx, has seen many failures. She made a living by
selling fax machines for seven years. Knocking on many doors and making a lot of mistakes was a journey she calls
educational.SaraBlakelyowesherrisk-takingskillstotheweekendtalkshehadwithherfather.
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As a child, herfather would askher the same questionevery weekend. "Whatdid you fail atthis week, Sara?" He
did not care how high her scores were. He wanted to know what she had tried but failed at. When she told him about
her failures and mistakes, he would give her a high five. He was reprogramming her mind to believe that mistakes and
failuresarefine.
Sogoaheadandaskyourselfandyourchildren,“Whatdidwefailatthisweek?”
5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph3referto?
A．Keeptryingisnecessary. B．Failureisapathtosuccess.
C．Mistakesarenotacceptable. D．Encouragementissignificant.
【答案】5．C
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文．作者借自身经历和SaraBlakely的故事,讲述了失败和犯错误的重要性。
5．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Actually,weallneedtoberemindedthatmistakesorfailuresarejustfineandthatthey
are a huge part of growth and success. However, the regular belief is the opposite. We must correct this with our
children.( 事实上，我们都需要被提醒，错误和失败都是好的，它们是成长和成功的重要组成部分。然而，人
们的普遍看法恰恰相反。我们必须给我们的孩子纠正这一点。)”可知,this指的是“犯错误是不可以接受的”的这
个观点。故选C。
规律方法3：如何解决猜测指代题？
此类题目应注意代词指代的总原则——代词通常指代上文已提到的内容。代词指代
要注意在数、格、逻辑、意义、位置等方面与之接近的名词。就位置而言，代词所指代的名词通常在本句或其
上句中。只有好好把握代词指代所在段落或前面段落的整体意思，问题才能迎刃而解。
【变式精讲】
Almostevery community hassome form ofrules and some way of enforcingthem. So why do we have rules, and
whatmakespeoplefollowthem?
Studies have suggested that the reason we don't like rule-breaking is because fairness is programmed into our
brains. Scientists have found that the brain reacts in a particular way when we feel we are being treated unfairly.Afair
situation makes usfeelcomfortable andeven happy,butunfairnesscausesourbrains torespondwith negative feelings.
Thestudyfoundthatthisasohappenedwhensubjectssawothersbeingtreatedunfairly.Theyconcludedthatfairnessis
oneofbasichumanneeds.
Arriving at a feeling of fairness means considering different, often conflicting, points of view. Regardless of the
disagreement, people almost always need to compromise. But it can be difficult to arrive at a compromise when there
areconflictinginterests.Thisiswhycommunitieshaverulesthateveryonemustfollow.
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Socialcontrols are animportant factor in setting and following rules.They influencethe way we behave, andcan
be internal (内在的) or external. Internal controls come from within and are based on our values and fears. Most of us
don't steal, for example, because we believe that theft is unfair and wrong.Wealso don't want to disappointour family
andfriends.Inotherwords,ourinternalcontrolskeepusfrombehavinginwaysthatcauseconflict.
External controls include rewards and punishments. Rewards, such as job promotions and praise, are designed to
encouragepeopletobehaveandactiontheinterestofthewholecommunity.
Punishments, such as public embarrassment, fines, andeven imprisonmentcan preventpeople from acting against
thecommunity'sbestinterests.
People need their communities to function smoothly. If there were no rules, most people would probably still
behave positively. However, there would always be a minority who would not. This is why a society without rules is
unlikelytoexist.
8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword''this''inparagraph2referto?
A．Aprograminhumanbrains.
B．Acomfortablesituation.
C．Theresponsewithbadfeelings.
D．Therequirementofffairness.
【答案】8．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述了人们生活的社区和社会都需要有规则来促进公平，如果没有规则社
会就无法运行。
8．词义猜测题。根据第二段的Afairsituationmakes usfeelcomfortable andevenhappy,butunfairnesscausesour
brains to respond with negative feelings. The study found that this a so happened when subjects saw others being
treatedunfairly.可知，一个不公平的情况会让我们感到舒适甚至开心，但是不公平会让我们的大脑产生负面情绪。
他们的研究发现，当受到不公平待遇时，这种情况就会发生。根据句意可知this指代上文提到的“大脑会产生负
面情绪”。C.Theresponsewithbadfeelings.(负面情绪的反应)符合以上说法，故选C项。
阅读理解IV：考点4 猜测句意题
【做题实践中找规律】
ItwasthefirstdayofSpringherebutitdidn'tfeellikeit.TheCoronavirus(冠状病毒)Pandemicwassweepingthe
globe and everywhere there were feelings of uncertainty, fear, loneliness and even despair. "Social Distancing" had
become the new norm. Here the schools had been closed, the restaurant dining rooms had been shut, and people had
beentoldtoworkfromhomewhenevertheycould.Eventheshelteredworkshopwheremyoldestsonworkedhadbeen
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closed until furl her notice. People had made a run on the stores and large areas of the shelves were bare. On the news
thenumbersofsickanddeadcontinuedtorise.Itfeltliketherewasaweightonthesoulsofeveryoneintheworld.
MyownfamilywasstayingathomeasmuchaspossibleandasIlookedoutmywindowIwonderedhowlongthis
crisis wouldlast. Itwasthen,however.thatIsaw something thatlifted thatweight offofmy soul,made my facesmile,
and made my heart feel happy again. On the street below my house there was an old friend of mine from high school
who was a teacher there now. With him was my younger son s former aide from the high school as well. They were
delivering the school lunches door to door to the hungry children who were stuck al home. Watching them made me
think of something everyone's childhood television neighbor.Mr.Roger's once said:“ In the bad times, always look for
thehelpers.”
Ihaveno doubtthis crisis will passas allthe crisis before ithave. Butit is ourchoiceonwhether itbrings outthe
bestinus ortheworstin us.Letitbringoutthebestinyou. Useit tostrengthenyour faith.Use ittofree yourself from
fear.Useittogrow kinder,moregiving, andmoreloving.Become ahelpertoallthoseinneedandyouwillbeahappy
persontodayandinallthedaystocome.
14．WhatMr.Rogersaidactuallymeans______.
A．inbadtimesweshouldwatchmonTVprograms
B．schoollunchesarcnoteasytoforgetformanypeople
C．weshouldpreparemorelunchesforschoolchildren
D．peoplelookforwardtohelpinghandsinbadtimes
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在新春来临之际，新型冠状病毒席卷全球。在这危难的时刻，作者欣喜
地看到街道上有人在挨家挨户地给困在家里饥饿的儿童送餐。作者认为，在危急的时刻，人们仍然掌握着选择
权，选择守望相助。
14．D句意猜测题。根据文章第二段Roger的这句话 “Inthebadtimes,alwayslookforthehelpers.”再结合上下文，
疫情期间，人们相互帮助，可以推测，Roger的这句话意为“在危急的时刻，人们都应该互相帮助”。故选D。
规律方法4：如何解决猜测句意题？
此类题目通常需要猜测意思的是一个具有概括性的句子，或是格言、谚语等，做题时只要通过阅读文章，对原
句进行语法和词义上的准确分析，并和答案选项做一番比较，不难找出正确选项。一般来说，正确选项的意思
与原句的意思完全相同，只不过是用了其他的英语词汇表述而已。
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【变式精讲】
【·浙江卷】
Moneywithnostringsattached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslast
month,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,"GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhat
YouNeed."
Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard.“People
ofallages,races,andsocio-economic(社会经济的)backgroundsgaveandtook,”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,
whichcreatedtheproject."Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars."
Mostofthebillsontheboardweresingles,butafewpeopleleftfives,tensandeventwenties.Thevideoclip(片
段)showsonemanwhohadfounda$20billpinningittotheboard.
“WhatIcansayforthefolksthatgavethemost,isthattheywerefullofsmiles,”Bridgessaid.“There’sacertain
feelingthatgivingcandoforyouandthatwasapparentinthosethatgavethemost."Mostpeoplewhotookdollars
tookonlyafew,butBridgessaidaverysmallnumbertookasmuchastheycould.
Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityand
sympathy.Headdedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttrysimilarprojectsandposttheirownvideosonthe
Internet.
“Afterall,everyonehasbaddaysandgooddays,"hesaid.“Somedaysyouneedahelpinghandandsomedays
youcanbetheonegivingthehelpinghand.”
24.Whatdoestheexpression"moneywithnostringsattached"inparagraph1mean?
A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.
B.Moneynotlegallymade.
C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.
D.Moneynottiedtogether.
【答案】24.C
【文章大意】文章介绍了TylerBridges 所发动的一个项目，让有善心的人捐助钱财，让需要的人自取钱财，而
这个项目的宗旨就在于让人们能够互相帮助。
24． C句意理解题。根据下文的故事并结合第一段板上写的言语“Givewhatyoucan.Takewhatyouneed”可知，
这里的钱是可以随意拿取的，并不附带任何条件，故选C项。
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专题 阅读理解 ：篇章结构题
07 V
【构建知识体系】
篇章结构题 考点 段落层次、写作方法和行文走势
【考纲解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
要求考生阅读 4 篇短 主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意
文，从每题所给的 4 个选 和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细
考查
项中选出最佳选项。题材 节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解
主旨大意、
广泛，包括科普、社会、 全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑
细节理解、
文化、政治、经济等多方 方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要
推理判断、
面内容。体裁多样，以记 高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。
词义猜测、
叙文、议论文、说明文为 篇章结构
主。 等题型。
【剖析全国高考真题】
篇章结构题 段落层次、写作方法和行文走势
近年考点再现
1.【·全国新课标III】
We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look
deeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthe pastfewthousandyears.People
in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern
Europehavegainedamutation(突变)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.
OnThursdayin an article publishedin Cell,a team of researchersreporteda new kind of adaptation- notto air or
to food, butto the ocean.Agroup of sea-dwelling people in SoutheastAsia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau,
asthesepeople areknown, numberin thehundredsofthousandsin Indonesia,Malaysia andthePhilippines.Theyhave
traditionally lived onhouseboats; in recenttimes, they've also built houses onstilts (支柱) in coastalwaters. “They are
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simplyastrangertotheland,"saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.
Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,
spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local
islanders,"Dr.Jubiladosaid.“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea."
In201,Melissa Ilardo, thena graduate studentingenetics atthe University of Copenhagen, heard aboutthe Bajau.
She wonderedif centuries of diving couldhave ledto theevolution ofphysical characteristics thatmade thetask easier
for them. “it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population," said Dr. Ilardo. She also said
therewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.299
32.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?
A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers. B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.
C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin. D.Significanceoffoodselection.
【答案】32.B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿
年前，而且最近几千年也有。Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活。
32.推理判断题。根据第一段的we are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred
billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes, they are finding examples of human
evolution in just the past few thousand years.(我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物。
当科学家更深入的研究我们的基因时，他们发现了人类在过去几千年进化的例子)可知，作者列举第一
段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B. New
knowledge of human evolution.(人类进化的新知识)符合以上说法，故选B项。
2.D【·天津】
WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman？Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggle
againstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning，andhehasoftenbeeninprison.
Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives，hedeterminestowriteabook.
Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.Thatformerprisonerwas
Cervantes，andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉诃德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydosome
peoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays，whileothersgotoseedlongbefore？
We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfwaymark.I'mnottalkingaboutthose
whofailtogettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowing
becausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.
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Mostofus，infact，progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthen
becometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But，ifwearewillingtolean，the
opportunitiesareeverywhere.
Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills Welearntobearwiththethingswecan't
.
change.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease，somepeoplearenevergoingtolove
us-anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.
Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm，wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohave
meaninginourlife.However，wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthan
ourownlittleegos（自我），whethertolovedones，tofellowhumans，towork，ortosomemoralconcept.
Manyofusequate（视……等同于）“commitment”withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachingandnursing.But
doinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuch
excellencewhethertheyaredrivingatruck，orrunningastore-maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeople
theyare.They'velearnedlife'smostvaluablelesson.
51.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat_________.
A.lossoffreedomstimulatesone'screativity
B.ageisnotabarriertoachievingone'sgoal
C.miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfate
D.disabilitycannotstopaman'spursuitofsuccess
52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean？
A.Endone'sstruggleforliberty.
B.Wasteone'senergytakingrisks.
C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.
D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.
53.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4？
A.Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.
B.Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.
C.Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.
D.Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.
54.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5？
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A.Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.
B.Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.
C.Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.
D.Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.
55.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage？
A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.
B.Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.
C.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.
D.Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.
【答案】51.B 52.D 53.C 54.D 55.A
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了如何过一种有意义的成人的生活。
51.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中此人53岁，有债务，生活不幸，身上还有伤，但他下决心写一本，而且此书
还获得了成功，350年依旧受欢迎，可知作者通过Cervantes的故事来表明年龄不是一个人实现目标的障碍，故
答案为B。
52.D 词义猜测题。根据划线单词下的作者说我要讨论的是那些停止学习的人的成长，他们在流逝的岁月里采
用的是固定的态度和观点，不想通过学习进步，可知划线短语的意思是“无兴趣学习的人”，故答案为D。
53.C 推理判断题。根据第四段中我们在自己专业的领域里取得成功，然后深陷其中，没有什么使我们吃惊，
我们也没有惊奇的意识，即指我们失去了好奇心。但后一句说，如果我们愿意学习的话，我们还有机会成功。
暗含的意思就是如果我们有好奇心的话，我们就有机会获得成功，故答案为C。
54.D 推理判断题。作者在文中告诉我们要学会忍受我们不能改变的事物，要学会避免自怜，要学会不管我们
怎么表现，总有人不喜欢我们等等方法，可知第5段的主要意思是告诉我们要用合适的方法去对待生活。故答
案为D。
55.A 主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，作者通过一个例子引出他的主题：一个人如何过一个有意义的成年
人生活。作者为我们提供了一些指导，要有动力，要有好奇心，要用适当的方式去生活等，故答案为A。
3.B【·天津卷】
WhenIwas17,IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay,oncethehomeofawatercolorist
namedMarianMcNay.Shehadrequestedthecommunitytoturnitintoamuseumuponherdeath.OnasunnySaturday,
SallyandIdroveovertothemuseum.Sheasked,"Doyouhavetheaddress?""No,butI'llrecognizeit,therewasa
pictureinthemagazine."
"Oh,stop.Thereitis!”
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Themuseumwasfree.Weentered,excited.Agroupofpeoplesittinginthehallstoppedtalkingandstaredatus.
"MayIhelpyou?"amanasked."No,"Isaid."We'refine.”Tourguidesgotonmynerves.Whatiftheytalkeda
longtimeaboutapaintingyouweren'tthatinterestedin?Sallyhadgoneupstairs.Thepeopleinthehallseemedvery
nosy(爱窥探的),keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity.Whatwastheirproblem?Isawsomenicesculpturesinone
room.SuddenlyIsensedamanstandingbehindme."Wheredoyouthinkyouare?"heasked.Iturnedsharply."The
McNayArtMuseum!"Hesmiled,shakinghishead."Sorry,theMcNayisonNewBraunfelsStreet.""What’sthis
place?”Iasked,stillconfused."Well,it'sourhome."Myheartjolted(震颤).Iracedtothestaircaseandcalledout,
"Sally!Comedownimmediately!"
"There'ssomereallygoodstuff(艺术作品)upthere."Shesteppeddown,lookingconfused.Ipushedhertoward
thefrontdoor,wavingatthefamily,saying,"Sorry,pleaseforgiveus,youhaveareallyniceplace."Outside,whenI
toldSallywhathappened,shecoveredhermouth,laughing.Shecouldn'tbelievehowlongtheyletuslookaround
withoutsayinganything.
TherealMcNaywassplendid,butwefeltnervousthewholetimewewerethere.VanGogh,Picasso.Thistime,
westayedtogether,incaseanythingelseunusualhappened.
Thirtyyearslater,awomanapproachedmeinapublicplace."Excuseme,didyoueverenteraresidence,longago,
thinkingitwastheMcNayMuseum?"
"Yes.Buthowdoyouknow?Wenevertoldanyone."
"Thatwasmyhome.Iwasateenagersittinginthehall.Beforeyoucameover,Ineverrealizedwhatabeautiful
placeIlivedin.Ineverfeltluckybefore.Youthoughtitwasamuseum.Myfeelingsaboutmyhomechangedafterthat.
I'vealwayswantedtothankyou."
44.WhydidtheauthordescribetherealMcNaymuseuminjustafewwords?
A.Therealmuseumlackedenoughartworktointeresther.
B.Shewastooupsettospendmuchtimeattherealmuseum.
C.TheMcNaywasdisappointingcomparedwiththehouse.
D.Theeventhappeninginthehousewasmoresignificant.
【答案】44.D
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4.[全国卷Ⅰ，D]
Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never
practicedever since.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogo swimmingfor years canstill swimaswellas everwhen he
gets back in thewater.Hecanget onabicycle after many years andstillride away.He canplay catchand hita ballas
well as his son.Amother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins
"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"orrememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.
One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something,
additionallearningtrials(尝试)increasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long
after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little
star"andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.
Themultiplicationtables(乘法口诀表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethings
thatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.
Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming(突击学习)foranexamination,thoughitmayresultinapassinggrade,
is nota satisfactory way to learn a college course.By cramming, a studentmay learn the subjectwell enough to get by
ontheexamination,butheislikelysoontoforgetalmosteverythinghelearned.Alittleoverlearning,ontheotherhand,
isreallynecessaryforone'sfuturedevelopment.
68.Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby_________.
A.presentingresearchfindings
B.settingdowngeneralrules
C.makingacomparison
D.usingexamples
【答案】68.D
【解析】
329/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【精讲研法】
篇章结构
【做题实践中找规律】
【例1】
There is always no lack of ordinary people taking action for extraordinary change. Aghan Oscar is just among
them. Thirteen years ago,Aghan. bothered by the ever-increasing quantity of plastinc waste in this low-income suburb
ofNairobi,decidedtofindawaytorecycleit.
Nou his company. Continental Renewable Energy Co.Ltd(COREC) produces poles for use in construction,
farming androad signs. So far he's sold 96,000,andhesays his potentialior growth is limitedonly bythe considerable
expenseofsettingupplasticrecyclingplants.
Most of Aghan's customers are farmers and developers who once used wooden fence poles. Customers say they
have other benefits as well. "I have fenced my piece of land three times using wood posts, but most of the time the
fence was vandalized(故意破坏)by villagers who used the posts as firewood." said Caleb Kapten. Now plastic posts
havestoppedtheproblem,hesaid.
The Kenya National HighwaysAuthority is one of COREC s biggest customers. It approached the company after
roadsignswerevandalizedbycriminalswhosoldthemetalpolestosteelmanufacturingcompanies.Aghanreckons(估
计)that COREC's products have saved the government millions of shillings, besides preventing road accidents.And he
alsopointsoutthatCOREChasbeenabletoconservelargenumbersoftreesbyproducingplasticpoles.
When Aghan started this recycling business in 2003, most of his employees were his family members due to
330/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
financial constraint(限制).Now he employs 250 young people to collect plastic waste. Fifty more youths work on the
production line, where the waste is sorted according to quality before being crushed and washed, melted and cast into
diflerentshapes.Thepolesarcthenarrangedbyshapeandsizeforsaleintheyardoftherecyclingplant.
27、Whichbestshowsthcstructureofthetext?
【答案】27.D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。受日益增多的塑料垃圾所扰的Aghan创办了自己的公司来解决这个问题他们回收
利用废弃塑料来生产塑料杆儿用于建筑、农业和交通领域。
27.篇章结构题。通读全文可知第一段属于主旨段，引出本文的话题；第二段讲的是Aghan创办了自己的公司，
生产用于建筑、农业和路标的塑料杆儿；第三段和第四段分别介绍塑料杆儿在农业和交通领域的应用，属于对
第二段内容的扩展；第五段主要介绍这种塑料杆儿的生产过程，与第二段是并列关系。故选D。
2.Thenewsocialrobots,includingJibo,Cozmo,KuriandMeccanoM.A．X.,bearsomeresemblancetoassistants
likeApple’s Siri, but these robots come with something more. They are designed to win us over not with their smarts
but with their personality.They are sold as companions that do more than talk to us. Time magazine hailed (称赞) the
robots that “could fundamentally reshape how we interact with machines.” But is reshaping how we interact with
machinesagoodthing,especiallyforchildren?
Some researchers in favor of the robots don’t see a problem with this. People have relationships with many kinds
of things. Some say robots are just another thing with which we can have relationships. To support their argument,
roboticists sometimes point to how children deal with toy dolls. Children animate (赋予…生命) dolls and turn them
intoimaginaryfriends.Jibo,inasense,willbeonemoreimaginaryfriend,andarguablyamoreintelligentandfunone.
Getting attached to dolls and sociable machines is different, though. Today’s robots tell children that they have
emotions, friendships, even dreams to share. In reality, the whole goal of the robots is emotional trickery. For instance,
Cozmo the robot needs to be fed, repaired and played with. Boris Sofman, the chief executive of Anki, the company
behindCozmo,says thattheideaistocreate“adeeperanddeeperemotionalconnection...Andifyouneglecthim,you
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feelthepainofthat.”Whatisthepointofthis,exactly?Whatdoesitmeantofeelthepainofneglectingsomethingthat
feels no pain at being neglected, or to feel anger at being neglected by something that doesn’t even know it is
neglectingyou?
This should not be our only concern. It is troubling that these robots try to empathize with children. Empathy
allows us to put ourselves in the place of others, to know what they are feeling. Robots, however,have no emotions to
share, and they cannot put themselves in our place. No matter what robotic creatures “say” or squeak, they don’t
understand our emotional lives. They present themselves as empathy machines, but they are missing the essential
equipment.Theyhavenotbeenborn,theydon’tknowpain,ordeath,orfear.Robotthinkingmaybethinking,butrobot
feelingisneverfeeling,androbotloveisneverlove.
What is also troubling is that children take robots’ behavior to indicate feelings. When the robots interact with
them, children take this as evidence that the robots like them, and when robots don’t work when needed, children also
take it personally. Their relationships with the robots affect their self-esteem (自尊). In one study, an 8-year-old boy
concludedthattherobotstoppedtalkingtohimbecausetherobotlikedhisbrothersbetter.
For so long, we dreamed of artificial intelligence offering us not only simple help but conversation and care. Now
thatourdreamisbecomingreal,itistimetodealwiththeemotionaldownsideoflivingwithrobotsthat“feel.”
47．Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?
I:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点) C:Conclusion
A． B．
C． D．
【答案】47．B
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。新的社交机器人与以往机器人不同，他们不仅比我们聪明还有他们的个性。时代周刊称它彻
332/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
底改变了我们与机器互动的方式。但是对这种改变有的科学家赞同而有很多人也很担忧。
47．篇章结构题。分析文章内容，第一段提出观点：社交机器人改变了我们与机器互动的方式。第二段提出一
些支持这一改变的专家的想法，第三段提出一些人对这一改变的担忧，并且第三段后半部分以及第四段、第五
段分别是这些人的三点担忧。最后一段总结这一趋势面临的现状。所以文章提出观点后，分为支持和反对两个
观点，反对方面又列出了三点担忧，最后一段总结。故选B。
规律方法： 如何分析段落层次段落层次、写作方法和行文走势？
解答此类题目首先要了解文章结构，从段落组织方式上看，有三种形式：总分式结构(总→分→总；总→分；
分→总)、并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)、对照式结构(结构形式是一正一反)。要想准确深
刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握文章的脉搏，特别是把握段与段之间的逻辑关系，然后
分析作者采用了什么论证手段（举例、比较、类比等）证明主题，从而正确解答试题。近几年还有些试题考查
全文或某一段落是以什么样的形式展开论述的，一般来说有的按事情发展的顺序，有的按时间的先后顺序，有
的按人物的活动内容，还有的按地点或空间的位置变换，阅读时要特别注意。
考查组织结构的文章通常行文组织结构都比较清晰、规范，因此,具备文体、写作方式和文章组织结构方
面相关知识对于有效解答此类题目具有至关重要的作用。
1、记叙文可以采取以时间为序、以地点为序、以故事情节发展为序（开端、发展、高潮、结局）等叙事方式进
行写作。以故事情节为序又可以不按照时间的先后顺序叙述，比如，先写结局，再写其他，最后写高潮，这种
叙事手法叫做倒叙。
2、议论文总体上可以分为四类：
第一类，“提出论点——分论点一——分论点二——分论点三……——结论”；
第二类，“引入段——导出论点——分点论述——结论”；
第三类，“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”；
第四类，“提出反面观点——批驳反面观点——提出正面观点”。
3、说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比或比较等说明方式进行写作，而这些说明方式都是为了使文
章要说明的内容或问题更加清晰明了、真实可信，或者更具说服力。
【方法指导】文章的基本结构是高考阅读测试的目标之一。从其考查内容而言，可分为三种：考查考生对整个
文章结构的组织能力；考查考生对后文内容的预测能力；考查考生对文章写作手法、修辞手段的鉴赏能力。
A篇章结构主要的设题方式常有：
（1）Howisthepassageorganized?
（2）Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructure/organizationofthepassage?
（3）Whatwilltheauthormostprobablytalkaboutnext?
333/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
（4）Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby_________.
（5）Thefirstparagraphservesasa（n） __________.
（6）Theexampleof…isgiventoshow/illustratethat__________.
B篇章结构主要的解题策略常有：
（1）了解文章结构的组织形式。从段落组织方式上讲，常见的文章结构有三种：总分式结构（总→分；总→分
→总；分→总）、并列式结构（段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立）、对照式结构（结构形式上是一正一反）。
（2）了解文章的论证方法。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类： Putforwardaquestion→Analyze
the question → Solve the question 即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程；Argument/idea → Evidence →
conclusion/restatingtheidea 即“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。
（3）了解文章的修辞手法。从修辞手法上讲，在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写
作手法。其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一。是历年高考阅读试题中必不可缺
的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好的达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”
的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题。
【变式精讲】
1.D
Many parents worry that showing negative emotions in front of their children will cause them to suffer. For
example, children may end up thinking it's their fault or simply "catch" the emotion. Indeed, this worry has a sound
basis — the phenomenon of “emotional contagion"（情绪感染）is real, and one recent study found that parents can
transfertheirfearofgoingtothedentist,forexample,totheirchildren.
On the other hand, there is the natural idea that we should “be real" with our children, and that they will benefit
fromwatchingaparentwhostrugglesandeventuallydealswiththeirnegativeemotionslikeanyotherhumanbeing.
Therearethreeconceptstoconsiderwhenitcomestoemotionaldisplayinfrontofchildren:suppression（压抑），
"uncontained" expression, and talking about emotions. Suppression of emotion is when you hide the outward signs of
an emotion. Unfortunately, it doesn't work very well — the act of suppressing your emotion actually increases your
blood pressure. Observers can pick up on your distress despite your efforts to hide it, making them feel stressed. The
recent research has also found that when parents feel negative emotions and keep them from their children, they
experiencelowerrelationshipqualityanddecreasedresponsivenesstotheirchild'sneeds.
On the other hand, “uncontained" expression of anger and sadness by the parent is also not salutary for the child.
Uncontained means high intensity emotion, with no attempts to regulate or take ownership of it. Shouting, smashing
（摔）thingsandblamingsomeoneelsefor"makingyouangry"areallexampleofthis.
So, what is the middle ground? That would be talking about emotion taking ownership of them and showing your
334/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
child that you are trying to deal with them. Classic research found that six-year-old kids had better emotional
understandingand perspective-taking skills if their mothers had talked to them abouttheir emotions atthe age of three.
Infact,themorethemothershadtalked,thebettertheoutcomewouldbe.
Sonexttimeyoufeelsad,angry orfrustratedandyourchildiswatchingyouexpressingemotion,doexplainwhat's
goingonintermstheycanunderstand.
55. What'sthestructureofthetext?
【答案】55.B
55.篇章结构题。
通读全文可知，一、二段阐述了最近的一项研究发现，父母可以把他们的情绪转移给孩子。三、四、五段阐述
父母的情绪对孩子的影响，与孩子谈论情绪，找到中间地带；最后一段提出建议。故选B。
2.D
Theorganicfoodhasgainedalotof[popularityastheyarebeingconsideredashealthierandtastier. Afair
numberofpeopleadvocatealarge-scaleshifttoorganicfarmingfromconventionalagriculture.Butthismightnot
seemwell-founded.
Sincethemid-19thcentury,conventionalindustrialagriculturehasbecomeincrediblyefficientonasimplelandto
foodbasis.Conventionalfarminggetsmoreandmorecroppersquarefootofland,whichcanmeanlesswilderness
needstobetransformedtofarmland.
Tomakefarmingmoreefficient,conventionalagricultureusesasignificantamountofsyntheticfertilizer（合成肥
料）eachyear,andallthatnitrogen（氮）enablesmuchfasterplantgrowth.However,thecostispaidinvastpolluted
deadzonesatthemonthsofmanyoftheworld’srivers,becausemuchofthenitrogenendsuprunningoffthesoiland
335/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
intotheoceans.Thisalsomakesconventionalfarmingoneofthemajorthreatstotheenvironment.
Toweakentheenvironmentalimpactofagriculture,improvesoilqualityaswellasproducehealthierfoods,some
farmershaveturnedtoorganicfarming.Environmentalistshavealsowelcomedorganicfoodasbetterfortheplanet
thanthefoodproducedbyagriculturalcorporations.Organicpractices---refusingartificialfertilizersandchemical
pesticides–areconsideredfarmoresustainable.Salesoforganicfoodrose7.7%in2010,upto$26.7billion—and
peoplearemakingthosepurchasesfortheirmoralsensesasmuchastheirtongues.
Yetanewmeta-analysisinNaturedoesthemathandcomestoahardconclusion:organicfarmingproduces25%
fewercropsonaveragethanconventionalagriculture.
IntheNatureanalysis,scientistsperformedananalysisof66studiescomparingconventionalandorganicmethods
across34differentcropspecies,fromfruitstograins.Theyfoundthatorganicfarmingdeliveredaloweroutputfor
everycroptype,thoughthedifferencevariedwidely.Forcropslikefruittrees,organictrailed（落后于）conventional
agriculturebyjust5%.Yetformajorgraincropsandvegetables–allofwhichprovidetheworld’smaincalories–
conventionalagricultureoutperformedorganicsbymorethan25%.
Whatthatmeansisthatwhileorganicfarmingmaybemoresustainablethanconventionalagriculture,thereare
trade-offs（此消彼长）witheach.Soanidealglobalagriculturesystemmayborrowthebestfrombothsystemsrather
thanupholdingmerelyorganicorconventionalpractices.
15.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?
CP:CentralPoint P:Point Sp:Sub-point（次要点） C:Conclusion
A. B.
C. D.
【答案】 15.A
15.A篇章结构题。根据第一段Theorganicfoodhasgainedalotofpopularityastheyarebeingconsideredas
336/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
healthierandtastier.Afairnumberofpeopleadvocatealarge-scaleshifttoorganicfarmingfromconventional
agriculture.Butthismightnotseemwell-founded.可知这是句子的中心论点，“有机食品越来越受欢迎，因为它们
被认为更健康、更美味。”；根据文章第二、三段阐述了conventionalagriculture的观点；根据第四段和第五、
六段阐述了从conventionalagriculture向organicfarming的转变，以及新的研究发现；文章最后一段得出了结论，
一个理想的全球农业系统可以从两个系统中获得最好的贷款，而不是仅仅支持有机或常规的做法。由此可知A
项符合题意。
专题 阅读填空
08
【构建知识体系】
考点1细节理解类题型
阅读填空
考点2篇章结构类题型
【考纲解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
给出一篇缺少 5 个句
考查考生的逻辑思维 主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构，以
子的文章，对应有七个选
能力，也就是对上下 及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。选项特点：主
项，要求考生根据文章结
文之间、层次之间逻 旨概括句（文章整体内容）；过渡性句子（文章结
构、内容，选择正确的句
辑关系的判断能力 构）；注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）。
子，填入相应的空白处。
【剖析全国高考真题】
阅读填空
1. 阅读填空
Yourunintothegrocerystoretopickuponebottleofwater.Yougetwhatyouneed,headtothefront,and
choosethelinethatlooksfastest.
Youchosewrong.Peoplewhoyousweargotinotherlineslongafteryouarealreadycheckedoutandofftothe
parkinglot.11．
337/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
Itturnsout,it'sjustmathworkingagainstyou;chancesare,theotherlinereallyisfaster.
Grocerystorestrytohaveenoughemployeesatcheckouttogetalltheircustomersthroughwithminimumdelay.
12．Anysmallinterruption-apricecheck,achattycustomer-canhavedownstreameffects,holdingupanentireline.
Iftherearethreelinesinthestore,delayswillhappenrandomlyatdifferentregisters.Thinkaboutthe
probability:13．Soit'snotjustinyourmind:Anotherlineprobablyismovingfaster.
Researchershaveagoodwaytodealwiththisproblem.Makeallcustomersstandinonelong,snakingline-called
aserpentineline-andserveeachpersonatthefrontwiththenextavailableregister.14．Thisiswhattheydoatmost
banksandfast-foodrestaurants.Withaserpentineline,alongdelayatoneregisterwon'tunfairlypunishthepeople
wholinedupbehindit.Instead,itwillslowdowneveryonealittlebitbutspeedupcheckoutoverall.
15．Ittakesmanyregisterstokeeponelinemovingquickly,andsomestorescan'taffordthespaceormanpower.
Sowhereveryournextwaitmaybe:Goodluck.
A．Whydoesthisalwaysseemtohappentoyou?
B．Sowhydon'tmostplacesencourageserpentinelines?
C．Someofthemayhavestoodinaqueueforalmostanhour.
D．Thechancesofyourlinebeingthefastestareonlyoneinthree.
E.Howhighistheprobabilitythatyouareinthefastestwaitingline?
F.Withthreeregisters,thismethodismuchfasterthanthetraditionalapproach.
G.Butsometimes,asonaSundayafternoon,thesystemgetsparticularlybusy.
【答案】11．A12．G13．D14．F15．B
【解析】本文是说明文。文章说明了杂货店排队方式以及研究人员提出的蛇形队伍的新方式，并分析了各自的
利弊。
11．下文“Itturnsout,it'sjustmathworkingagainstyou;chancesare,theotherlinereallyisfaster. （原来，这只是
你的数学问题；很可能，另一个队伍真的更快。）”解释了上文“Youchosewrong.(你选错了)”的原因，下文与
空格处是因果关系，所以本空应该是对前文选错提出疑惑，故选A项。
12．上文“Grocerystorestrytohaveenoughemployeesatcheckouttogetalltheircustomersthroughwithminimum
delay.（杂货店尽量让足够的员工在结账时让所有的顾客以最小的延误完成结账。）”解释了杂货店之前的工作
模式，下文“Anysmallinterruptionapricecheck,achattycustomer-canhavedownstreameffects,holdingupan
entireline（. 任何一个小小的中断，一个价格检查，一个喋喋不休的顾客，都会产生下游效应，拖住整个生产线。）”
描述了杂货店的特殊情况，故本空应该填出现特殊情况的原因，故选G项。
13．根据上文“Iftherearethreelinesinthestore,delayswillhappenrandomlyatdifferentregisters. （如果杂货店
338/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
中有三列队伍，延迟将在不同的队伍中随机发生。）”联系下文“Soit'snotjustinyourmind:Anotherlineprobably
ismovingfaster.（所以这不仅仅是在你的脑海里：另一条队伍可能移动得更快。）”可知本空说的是任何一个队
伍都有可能出现问题。你的队伍跑得最快的几率只有三分之一。故选D项。
14．根据“上文Researchershaveagoodwaytodealwiththisproblem.(我们得知研究人员有一个很好的方法来处
理这个问题)”以及下文“Thisiswhattheydoatmostbanksandfast-foodrestaurants.Withaserpentineline,along
delayatoneregisterwon'tunfairlypunishthepeoplewholinedupbehindit.Instead,itwillslowdowneveryonelittle
bitbutspeedupcheckoutoverall.（这个大多数银行和快餐店都是这样做的。有了一条蜿蜒的队伍，在一个登记处
长时间拖延不会不公平地惩罚后面排队的人。相反，它会减慢每个人一点点，但加快了整体结帐速度。）”说明
这个新方案迅速有效，联系上下文可知，空格中应该是与旧的结账方案作比较。故选F项。
15．结合下文“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or
manpower.（要保持一条生产线的快速运转，需要很多的收银机，而且有些商店负担不起空间和人力。）”说明
了一个原因，由此可知，空格处提出了一个问题；通过“Ittakesmanyregisterstokeeponelinemovingquickly.(保
持一条生产线的快速运转)”可知这里描述的是不鼓励蛇形队伍的原因。故选B项。
2. 【·海南卷】阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Talkingwithyourdoctor
Talking freely with your doctor can make you feel better andgives your doctor the information she or he needs to
giveyouthebestcare.Don'tbeafraidorembarrassedtodiscusssomethingthatisbotheringyou. 36
●Staypositive.
Gotoyourdoctor'svisitswithagoodattitude. 37 Thinkteamwork!Thinkpositive!
●Keeptrackofhowyouarefeeling.
38 This will make it easier for you to answer questions aboutyour symptoms（症状）and how medicines
make you feel. It also makes it easier for you to bring up anything that you are worried about. Make sure to be honest
abouthowyoufeelandhowlongyou'vefeltthatway.
● 39
Your medical history is a list of your illnesses, treatments, what the doctors told you to do, and anything else you
thinkyourdoctorshouldknow.Also,ifyouareallergic（过敏）toanymedicines,besuretomentionthattoyourdoctor.
●Askquestions.
Donotbeafraidtoaskyourdoctoranyquestionsyouhave.Torememberallthequestionsyouhavewhenyouare
not in the doctor's office, write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment. 40 Remember—
there's no such thing as a stupid question. If you don't understand the answer to a question, ask the doctor to explain it
339/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
againuntilyoudounderstand.
A.Thiswillmakegettinganswerseasier.
B.Herearesometipsfortalkingwithyourdoctor.
C.Youcantalktoanotherdoctorifthetreatmentsdon'twork.
D.Beforeyourdoctor'svisit,keepnotesonhowyouarefeeling.
E.Remember,yourdoctorandothercaregiversareonyourside.
F.Bringyourmedicalhistory,includingalistofyourcurrentmedicines.
G.Writingdownwhatthedoctorsayswillhelpyourememberimportantinformation.
【答案】36．B37．E138．D39．F40．A
【解析】这是一篇应用文，文章讲述了与医生谈话的几个小建议。
36．根据文章第一段“Talkingfreelywithyourdoctorcanmakeyoufeelbetterandgivesyourdoctortheinformation
sheorheneedstogiveyouthebestcare.Don'tbeafraidorembarrassedtodiscusssomethingthatisbotheringyou.”
可知，与你的医生畅所欲言可以让你感觉好些，并向你的医生提供她或他需要的信息，以便为你提供最好的护
理。不要害怕或尴尬地讨论困扰你的事情。再结合下文为几条具体的建议，所以B项：Herearesometipsfortalking
withyourdoctor.（这里有一些与你的医生交谈的小建议。）符合题意，为顺承关系，故选B。
37．根据文章第二段“teamwork!”意为团队可知，E项：Remember,yourdoctorandothercaregiversareonyour
side.（记住，你的医生和其他护理人员都站在你这边。）与此呼应，故选E。
38．根据文章“Thiswillmakeiteasierforyoutoanswerquestionsaboutyoursymptoms（症状）andhowmedicines
makeyoufeel.Italsomakesiteasierforyoutobringupanythingthatyouareworriedabout.Makesuretobehonest
abouthowyoufeelandhowlongyou'vefeltthatway.”可知，这将使你更容易回答关于你的症状和药物让你感觉
如何的问题。这也让你更容易提出你担心的任何事情。一定要诚实地说出你的感受，以及你这种感觉持续了多
久。由此可知，这都是在讲感受，故D项：Beforeyourdoctor'svisit,keepnotesonhowyouarefeeling.（在你的
医生来之前，记下你的感受。）与之呼应，故选D。
39．根据文章“Yourmedicalhistoryisalistofyourillnesses,treatments,whatthedoctorstoldyoutodo,and
anythingelseyouthinkyourdoctorshouldknow.Also,ifyouareallergic（过敏）toanymedicines,besuretomention
thattoyourdoctor.”可知，你的病史是你的疾病，治疗，医生告诉你做什么，以及你认为你的医生应该知道的
任何事情的清单。如果你有过敏的话，你也要提一下。因此可知看出，这是关于病史和清单的，故F项：Bring
yourmedicalhistory,includingalistofyourcurrentmedicines.（带上你的病史，包括你目前的药物清单。）符合题
意，相呼应，故选F。
40．根据文章“Do not be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have.Toremember all the questions you have
340/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
whenyouarenotinthedoctor'soffice,writethemdownandbringthelistwithyoutoyourappointment.”可知，不要
害怕问你的医生你有的任何问题。当你不在医生办公室时，为了记住你的所有问题，把它们写下来，并带着清
单去你的预约。以及“Remember—there'snosuchthingasastupidquestion.Ifyoudon'tunderstandtheanswertoa
question,askthedoctortoexplainitagainuntilyoudounderstand.”可知，记住，没有什么愚蠢的问题。如果你不
明白问题的答案，请医生再解释一遍，直到你明白为止。因此中间缺少过渡句，故A项：Thiswillmakegetting
answerseasier.（这将使获得答案更容易。）正好可以连接两句，故选A。
3. 阅读填空【·浙江卷】
Iexperiencedyearsoflonelinessasachild.31． Hisfriendsteasedhimaboutbabysittinghissisterandhis
interestswerefardifferentfrommine.Withnootherkidsofmyageintheneighborhood,Ihadtospendhoursby
myself.
Abrightspotformeturnedouttobereading.Myloveofthewrittenwordbeganearlyasmymotherreadtome
everyevening.32．Istartedreadingbooksonmyownbeforeage5andmymothertookmetothepubliclibraryoncea
weektoborrowseveralbooks.Iquicklygraduatedfromtypicalchildren’sbookstooneswithfewerpicturesandlonger
chapters.Readingopenednewworldstome.33．
MymotheralsoencouragedmetomakewhatIwanted.Itriedmakingtoycarswithcardboardboxesand
constructingbuildingsfromleftovercardboardandbitsofwoodmyfathergaveme.Whenmymothersawmycreations,
shetoldmehowcreativemydesignswere.34． Ilearnedalotabouthowtoextendthelifeofobjectsandtransform
themintosomethingnewanduseful.Itwasatrait(特点)othersfoundhelpful,andIsoonhadfriendswhowantedto
makethingswithme.
35．Myparentsmadeitapointfortheirtwokidstospendtimeoutside,nomattertheweatherorseason.My
brother,ofcourse,racedofftobewithhisfriends,whileIhadplentytodomyself.Therewasmakingleafhousesin
autumn,iceskatinginwinter,andsomuchmore.They’reallmemoriesItreasuretoday.
A．Iwasn'taloneanylonger.
B．Ienjoyedreadingstoriesaloud.
C．Iwasinvitedtoplaywithanotherkid.
D．Ilovedthecolorfulphotographsinthebooks.
E.AnotherhabitIformedearlywasbeingoutdoors.
F.Thus,Ibeganmylifelonginterestinmakingthings.
G.Myolderbrothercouldn’tbebotheredtoplaywithme.
【答案】31．G32．D33．A34．F35．E
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【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者养成几个生活习惯的原因。
31．设空在段中，应是承前启后句。根据后文“Hisfriendsteasedhimaboutbabysittinghissisterandhisinterestswere
fardifferentfrommine”可知，设空句应提及“his”的身份，即G项中的“Myelderbrother”，且G项“我哥哥懒得和
我一起玩”在此起到了承上启下的作用。故选G项。故选G项。
32．根据前句提到“我对文字的爱始于母亲每天晚上给我读故事的时候”可知，D项“我喜欢书中的彩色照片”和
上句构成进一步说明。同时D项中的“书”指代上句提到的母亲每天给我读故事的书。D项切题。故选D项。
33．根据前句提到“阅读为我打开了新世界”可知，A项“我不在孤独”和上句构成了因果关系。A项切题。故选
A项。
34．根据前句“当我的母亲看到我的创作时，她说我的设计很有创意”可知，F项“于是，我开始对制造东西产生
了长久的兴趣”和上句构成因果关系，我正是在听了母亲那句话后才开始了对制造东西产生兴趣。F项切题。故
选F项。
35．根据后句“无论天气或季节，我的父母都要让他们的两个孩子花时间在户外”可知，E项“我很早养成的另一
个习惯是去户外”和前句表示因果逻辑。作者有去户外的习惯是因为后句提到的父母的影响。E项切题。故选E
项。
4. 【·全国新高考II山东卷】阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项
为多余选项。
Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. 16 Do you want to be a good public speaker?
Herearesomeprinciplesyoumustmaster.
People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often, when you stand up to
give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.” 17 Focus on the speaking. Talk
directlytoyouraudience,beyourselfandmakeaconnection.
Eventhe most successfulpublic speaker will make mistakes.Yet, the onlyone who caresaboutanymistake is the
one who is speaking. People's attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a
speaker'smessage.So,don'tstopspeakingwhenyoumakeamistakeunlessit'satrulyseriousone. 18
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker. 19 And like everything else in life, that takes practice.
Remember,evenworldchampionathletespracticetheirskillsonaconsistentbasis.
20 It's rare to hear someone say,“I wish that speaker hadspoken longer.” On the other hand, you probably
can't count the times that you've thought, “I'm glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever!” So surprise your
audience.Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It's better to leave your listeners wishing
formorethanshiftingrestlesslyintheirseatswaitingforyourspeechfinallytoend.
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A.Dotheopposite.
B.Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.
C.Youdon'tneedtoapologizeforaminorslip.
D.Whenitcomestopublicspeaking,lessisusuallymore.
E.Theobjectiveofmostspeechesistobenefittheaudience.
F.Takethefearoutofpublicspeakingbyfocusingonyourlisteners.
GHowever,themajorityofpeopleareeffectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.
【答案】16.G17.A18.C19.B20.D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了成为好的演讲者需要掌握的一些原则。
16.G本文主题是介绍成为好的演讲者要掌握的一些原则。上句提到有些人生来就有演讲的天赋。G项：然而，
大多数人之所以能成为有影响的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。与上句转折，引出本文主题——演讲者要训练。
故选G。
17.A下句Focusonthespeaking.是本段主题，建议演讲者把注意力集中在演讲上。上句提到一种常见现象，当
站起来发表演讲时，演讲者往往会把注意力放在“公众”上，而不是“演讲”上。这是错误的做法，A 项
Dotheopposite.说明了上句做法的错误，引出了下句正确的做法。承上启下，故选A。
18.C本段提到即使成功的演讲者也会犯错误，观众不会太在意你的错误。上句建议当出错时不要停止演讲，除
非是非常严重的错误。C项：你不需要为一个小失误道歉。与上句承接，是对待演讲出错的方法。故选C。
19.B本段是说明练习的重要性。上句提到你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家，下句应该说明目标是什么。
B.Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.与上句衔接，是我们演讲的真正目的。故选B。
20.D 下 文 提 到 观 众 并 不 是 认 为 演 讲 越 长 越 好 ， 根 据 Always make your presentation just a
bitshorterthananticipated.可知作者建议让演讲比预期的短一点，给观众更多的期待胜过让他们坐立不安地等待
演讲结束。D项：公开演讲时，通常少就是多。说明了演讲时多和少的辩证关系。故选D。
5. 阅读填空【·全国新课标I】
AFewTipsforSelf-Acceptance
Weallwantittoacceptandloveourselves.Butattimesitseemstoodifficultandtoofaroutofreach.36． Here’s
ahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection.
●37． Donotfollowthepeoplewhomakeyoufeelnot-good-enough.Whydoyoufollowthem?Areyouhoping
thateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetterthantheirs?Knowthatyourlifeisyourown;you
aretheonlyyouinthisworld.
●Forgiveyourselfformistakesthatyouhavemade.Weareoftenashamedofourshortcomings,ourmistakesand
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ourfailures.38． Youwillmakemistakes,timeandtimeagain.Ratherthangettingcaughtupinhowyoucouldhave
donebetter,whynotofferyourselfacompassionate(有同情心)response? ＂Thatdidn’tgoasplanned.But,Itriedmy
best.＂
●Recognizeallofyourstrengths.Writethemdowninajournal.Begintotrainyourbraintolookatstrengthbefore
weakness.Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutof
bedtoday.39．
●Nowthatyou’velistedyourstrengths,listyourimperfections.Turnthepageinyourjournal.Putintowordswhy
youfeelunworthy,whyyoudon’tfeelgoodenough.Now,readthesewordsbacktoyourself.40． Turntoapagein
yourjournaltoyourlistofstrengthsandachievements.Seehowawesomeyouare?
A．Feelingupsetagain?
B．Wheredoyoustart?
C．Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.
D．Remember,youareonlyhuman.
E.Setanintentionforself-acceptance.
F.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.
G.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?
【答案】36．B37．F38．D39．C40．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个自我接纳的小技巧。
36．根据题目AFewTipsforSelf-acceptance及下文的Here'sahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintheright
direction.(这有很多可以帮你找到正确方向的方法。)可知，选项B.Wheredoyoustart?(从哪里开始那？)最合下
文语境，故选B项。
37．根据下文Areyouhopingthateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetterthantheirs?Know
thatyourlifeisyourown;youaretheonlyoneinthisworld.(你是否希望最终你会因为自己的生活比他们的好而感
到有力量？要知道，你的生活是你自己的；你在这个世界上是独一无二的。)可知，本段主要讲述不要把自己和
别人作比较，因为生活是我们自己的，我们也是世界上独一无二的。故F.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.(停
止把自己和别人进行比较。)可以作为本段中心句，故选F项。
38．根据本文的中心句Forgiveyourselfformistakesthatyouhavemade.(原谅自己所犯的错误。)及下文的Youwill
makemistakes,timeandtimeagain.(你会一次又一次地犯错误。)可知，选项D.Remember,youareonlyhuman.(记
住，你只是个人。)与上下文衔接最好，故选D项。
39．根据上文Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotout
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ofbedtoday.(列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了学位，今天就起床了。)可知，选项C.Nothingistoosmall
tocelebrate.(没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝。)与上文衔接最好，故选C项。
40．结合上文Putintowordswhyyoufeelunworthy,whyyoudon'tfeelgoodenough.Now,readthesewordsbackto
yourself.(用语言来解释为什么你觉得自己不值得，为什么你觉得自己不够好。现在，自己读一下这些话。)和下
文的Turnto a page in your journalto your list of strengths andachievements. See how awesome you are? (翻到你日
记本上记下你的有点和成就的那页。看到你有多棒了吗？)可知，选项A.Feelingupsetagain?(再次感觉心烦意乱
了吗？)最合上下文语境，故选A项。
6. 阅读填空【·全国新课标II】
Emoji(表情符号)andWorkplaceCommunication
InAsia,messagingplatformsaregrowingrapidly,withusersinthehundredsofmillions,bothatworkandplay.
36．.It’sbeenreportedthat76percentofemployeesinsomewesterncountriesareusingemojisatwork.
Writtencommunicationscanoftenreadascoldanddull.Usingemojiscanaddhumorandfeeling,keeping
intentionclear.37．,encouragingbetterandmorefrequentcommunication.
Inanygivenoffice,employeescanrangefromage22to70andbeyond,andfindingcommongroundin
communicationstylecanbeachallenge.38．.Whiletheyoungergenerationsprefertocommunicatevisually,forthose
usedtoworkingwithtraditionaltoolslikeemail,itmayfeellikealearningcurve(曲线).Thegoodnewsisthatit’s
simpletolearnandcanbeworththeeffort.
Thereisalsothematteroftone(语气).Whohasn’treceivedanemailsoannoyingthatitruinedanentireday?39．.
Emojicanhelpcommunicationfeelfriendlier,andevenaseriousnotecanbesoftenedwithanencouragingsmile.
40．,andemojicancontributedirectlytothatpositiveoutcome.Andwhenyouremployeesbeginaddingsmiling
emojistotheirbusinesscommunication,you’llknowyouhavesucceededinimprovingyourworkculture.
A．Messagewithemojisfeelmoreconversational
B．Evenaformalemailcanseemcoldandunfriendly
C．Sendingsmilingfacestocolleaguesmayseemstrange
D．Thepopularityoftheseplatformsisspreadingglobally
E.Givingemployeesthetoolsenablesthemtocommunicatehonestly
F.Studiesshowthatfriendliercommunicationleadstoahappierworkplace
G.Aneasywaytobringallworkgenerationstogetheriswithachatplatform
【答案】36．D37．A38．G39．B40．F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了表情符号以及在工作交流所带来的优势。
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36．根据前句“InAsia,messagingplatformsaregrowingrapidly,withusersinthehundredsofmillions,bothatwork
andplay.(在亚洲，即时通讯平台正在迅速发展，无论是工作还是娱乐，都有数亿用户)”和后句“It'sbeenreported
that76percentofemployeesinsomewesterncountriesareusingemojisatwork.(据报道，在一些西方国家，76%的
员工在工作中使用表情符号)”可知，前后句都说明了即时通讯平台受欢迎程度。所以选择项D.Thepopularityof
theseplatformsisspreadingglobally.(这些平台的受欢迎程度正在全球蔓延)符合题意。故选D。
37．根据前句“Usingemojiscanaddhumorandfeeling,keepingintentionclear.(使用表情符号可以增加幽默和感情，
保持明确的意图)”和后半句“encouragingbetterandmorefrequentcommunication.(鼓励更好更频繁的交流)”可知，
这里陈述使用表情符号的优点。所以选择项A.MessageswithEmojisfeelmoreconversational.(使用表情符号的信
息让人感觉更健谈)符合题意。故选A。
38．根据前句“Inanygivenoffice,employeescanrangefromage22to70andbeyond,andfindingcommongroundin
communicationcanbeachallenge.(在任何一间办公室，员工的年龄从22岁到70岁甚至更大，在交流中找到共
同点可能是一项挑战)” 中关键词句“employeescanrangefromage22to70andbeyond,”与选择项中“allwork
generations”是一致的。故选G。
39．根据前句“Whohasn’treceivedanemailsoannoyingthatitruinedanentireday?(谁没有收到过毁掉了一整天的
邮件呢？)”和后文介绍表情的优点，可知，这里陈述电子邮件的缺点。所以选择项B.Evenaformalemailcanseem
coldandunfriendly.(即使是一封正式的电子邮件也会显得冷淡和不友好)故选B。
40．根据后句“andEmojicancontributedirectlytothatpositiveoutcome.(并且表情符号可以直接促成这种积极的结
果)”可知，这里陈述表情符号能给工作场所带来的好处。所以选择项F.Studiesshowthatfriendliercommunication
leadstoahappierworkplace.(研究表明，更友好的沟通会带来更快乐的工作场所)故选F。
7. 【·全国新课标III】第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读填空
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ahousewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house.
The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the panty. The party is a chance for friends and
family to congratulate the person on the new home. 36 And it is good time to fill the new space with love and
hopefullypresents.
37 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local or store or stores.
Somecommonthingspeoplewillputonagiftregistryincludekitchentoolslikeknivesandthingslikecurtains.Evenif
there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a
plant.
38 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usually no
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plannedactivities like games atahousewarming party.The hostorhostess ofthe partywill, however,probably give all
the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves
intotheirnewhome,peoplemaybeaskedtohelpunpackboxes. 39
Housewarmingparties gettheir name from the factthata longtime ago peoplewould actuallybringfirewood toa
newhomeasagift. 40 Nowmosthomeshavecentralheatinganddon’tusefirestokeepwarm.
A.Thisisn’tusualthough.
B.Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.
C.Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.
D.Ifyou’reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts,keeptheminasafeplace.
E.Italsogivespeopleachancetoseewhatthenewhomelookslike.
F.Thebesthousewarmingpartiesencourageoldfriendstogettogether.
G.Thiswassothatthepersoncouldkeeptheirhomewarmforthewinter.
【答案】36.E37.B38.C39.A40.G
【文章大意】本文是说明文，介绍了乔迁聚会的目的，礼物的选取，活动安排和名称的由来。
36.上句The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.(这个聚会
是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句And i
t is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补
新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会。与
上下句并列，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选E。
37.下文Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things li
ke curtains.和like a piece of art or a plant.列举了参加聚会所带礼物的清单，可以是厨房工具、窗帘、艺术品
或绿植。这些都和参加聚会带礼物有关，B项：带礼物去参加乔迁派对是一种传统，概括了本段内容，引出下
文，故选B。
38.本段介绍了聚会的活动安排，根据后文This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn' t a lot
of food served.(这一点通常是值得赞赏的，因为在乔迁派对上不会提供很多食物)。指出因为新搬家，所以主人
不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。那么本句是在建议你可以带上自己的食物或饮料与其他客人分享搬家，
所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。C项：你也可以带上食物或饮料与其他客人分享。故选C。
39.本段提到在乔迁聚会上人们会聚餐，主人带领客人参观新家。上句提到，由于乔迁聚会是在搬进新家后不久
举行的，人们可能会被要求帮助打开箱子。根据常识可知在乔迁聚会上让客人们帮忙干活是不常见的，A项：
但这并不常见。表达了此意，与上文衔接，故选A。
347/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
40.上句介绍了乔迁聚会名称的由来，根据bringfirewoodtoanewhomeasagift.可知人们会带柴火作为礼物，那
么本空承接上文说明了带柴火的目的和作用。G项：这样人们就可以在冬天的时候保持家里温暖。符合语境。
故选G。
【精讲研法】
考点一 细节理解类题型
（1）词汇复现
【例1】
Itseemsthatsocietyhasplacedsomuchvalueontheword“humility(谦逊)”,sometimeswe’retoldtolower
ourselvesinordertoberecognizedasamoremodeststudentoremployee.
16．,ratherthanhowsocietylooksatyou,accordingtoaUS-basedbusinessmagazine.Herearethreewaystostart
developingamoremodestpersonality.
A．Beeagerandflexible
B．Bedeterminedandhard-working
C．Developahealthierrelationshipwithuncertainty
D．Uncertaintyisadouble-edgedswordinmanycases
E.Rememberthatyouarevaluableregardlessofoutsidevariables
F.Thiscanallowyoutointeractwiththepeoplearoundyouinnewways
G.Thetruehumility，however,ismoreaboutthewayyourelatetoyourselfandyoursurroundings
【答案】16．G
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章向读者介绍了三种培养谦虚性格的方法。
16．由第一段“It seems thatsocietyhasplacedsomuchvalue ontheword“humility (谦逊)”,sometimes we're toldto
lowerourselvesinordertoberecognizedasamoremodeststudentoremployee.”（似乎社会如此重视“谦逊”这个词，
有时为了被认为是一个更谦虚的学生或雇员，我们被告知要降低自己。）和后半句“ratherthanhowsocietylooksat
you,accordingtoaUS-basedbusinessmagazine”（根据美国一家商业杂志的报道，而不是社会如何看待你。）可知，
上文提到谦逊，结合转折词ratherthan后文讲到谦逊不是社会如何看待你，此处应该讲的是谦逊的真正含义，
应该表转折含义，前后句意义不同，承接上下文，G选项“然而，真正的谦虚更多的是你与自己和周围环境的相
处方式”切题。词humility复现，还有其同义词modest。故选G项。
规律方法1： 词汇复现法
348/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行
重复描述。包括原词复现、同源词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。
【变式精练】
20． Havingalargehousedoesn’tguaranteethebestparty.Infact,largerspacecanbeworse,aspeoplecan
becomesegregatedmoremeaningthey’remoreunlikelytobumpintoeachotherandstartaconversation.Attheother
endofthescale,youneedtoensureyourguestsdon’tfeelasthoughthey’restoodontopofeachother.
Wishyournextpartyagreatsuccess!
A．Usespacewell.
B．Usepaperplates.
C．Remembertothankeveryonewhentheyleave.
D．There’softensomethingwedon’tlikeaboutourhomes.
E.Ifpeopledon’twanttogetinvolvedinanactivity,letthemwatchinstead.
F.Ifyou’relookingforaguideforhostingagreatparty,you’reintherightplace.
G.It’stheperfectopportunitytobringfriendstogetherandenjoyeachother’scompany.
【答案】20．A
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了在家举办派对的四个小窍门。
20．根据下文“Infact,largerspacecanbeworse(事实上，更大的空间可能更糟糕)”可知，此处是本段小标题，总
领本段，内容与空间有关，选项A“Usespacewell.(充分使用空间。)”符合题意。故选A。
（2）代词线索
【例2】
Butitseemsthatmanypeopledon’tcookfishathome.Americanseatonlyaboutfifteenpoundsoffishperperson
per year，but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying，storing，and cooking fish isn’t
difficult.__17__Thistextisabouthowtobuyandcookfishinaneasyway.
A．Donotbuyit.
D．Itjustrequiresalittleknowledge.
【解析】空格上一句提到买鱼、贮藏鱼和烹饪并不难，启承上句，此处指只是需要一些这方面的知识。D选项
中的代词“It”指代前面提到的“Buying，storing，andcookingfish”。
答案： __D__
规律方法2：代词线索
英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代
关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名
词;one指代单数可数名词；that指 代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子；these 或those指代前句的
349/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
复数名词。
【变式精练】 73 Theysaythefirststepistoadmitthatyouareangryandtorecognizethe
realcauseoftheanger,thendecideifthecauseisseriousenoughtogetangryabout.
B.Theysaidthatlaughterismuchhealthierthananger.
F.Angerisanormalemotionthatweallfeelfromtimetotime.
G.Doctorssaythesolutionislearninghowtodealwithanger.
【答案】G
【解析】73空后的they与A项doctors照应。
（3）数字线索
【例3】AsinChina,theweatherisdifferentfromareatoarea.___17____Thetemperaturescan
fallto–60℃，whichis60℃belowfreezing.Inthecapital,Ottawa,theaverageofwinter
temperatureis–10℃,andinsummer21℃.___18____TheaverageJanuarytemperatureis3℃,andinJulyitis18℃
F.IntheNorth,thewintersarelongandhardwithsnowforsixmonths.
G.ThewestcoastofCanadaisthewarmestplaceinwinter
【答案】
17.F
18.G
规律方法3：数字线索
包括具体数字以及和数字相关的词汇诸如ratio,rate等等。作者列出数字，除了和其他数字进行对比和比较
之外，还可以用数据来说明一个观点。
【变式精练】Researchersanalyzedthecontentsof28strawberry-flavoredproductssoldinstores． 72 Of the
11productsthatdidcontainstrawberries,fiveofthemcontainedlessthanonepercentrealfruit．Inaddition,eachjuice
boxcontainednearlyeightteaspoonsofsugar．
A．Theproductswhichcontainrealfruitarepopularwithpeople.
B．Evenproductsadvertisedasmorenaturaloftencontainednofruit.
C．Theyfoundthatabout60percentofthemdidn'tcontainanyfruitatall.
D．Ifcompaniescancuttheircostsbyusingflavoring,theyarelikelytodoso.
E.Itisimportantandnecessarytodemandasmallamountofflavoringintheproducts.
350/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
F.Actuallytheproductcontainsjustatinypercentageofstrawberryorevennofruitatall.
G.TheFoodCommissionsuggestedallflavorsusedinaproductshouldbelistedonthepackaging.
【答案】
72.C
（4）逻辑关系线索
【例4】
TherewasatimewhenIwasveryconcernedaboutwhatotherpeoplethoughtofme,especiallywhenIwas
misunderstoodandlabeledincorrectly.16．Ofcourse,youneedtodosomethingtoletgoofthatmentalsufferingifyou
arestuckinsuchasimilarsituation.
●Identifyandunderstandwhyyoucare.Whatmakeswhatotherpeoplethinkofyousoimportant?Ifother
people'sopinionscauseyoutoworry,chancesarethatyouhaveatendencytobepleased.Beingfavoredmightbea
winningformulaforyouinthepast.17． Butifitdoesn'tcomeasexpected,justbeyourself.
●Understandyoucan'tcontrolothers.Therealityisthatyoucannotcontrolwhatanotherpersonthinksofyou.
Whatmostpeopledon'tunderstandisthatweoftenformopinionsofothersbasedonassociationswehadinthepast.
Andthebottomlineisthatit'snoneofyourbusinesswhatanotherpersonthinksofyou.18．
●Practicedailyself-loveandacceptance.Yoursituationmaycomefromaconceptthatwearenotasworthyas
anotherpersonandourneedsarenotasimportantastheirs.Recognizeyouareequaltoeveryotherperson.19． Weall
havedifferentrolesbutthatdoesnotmakeanyonemorevaluableasahumanbeing.
●Livealifethatpleasesyou.Constantworryaboutwhatothersthinkofyoumustcreateconsiderablestressand
willimpactyourrelationships,yourhealth,andyourpeaceofmind.
●20． Youwillnotneedtobeconcernedwiththefewpeoplewhojustdon'tseemtounderstandyou.Youcanlive
yourfulfillinglifeandtheycanlivetheirs.
A．That'shisorherprivateviews.
B．Don'ttakeyourroletoyourheart.
C．Everyonedeservesrespectandadmiration.
D．Staytruetoyourvaluesanddoyourownthing.
E.That'stosay,thereisnooneaboveorbelowyou.
351/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
F.Certainly,thereareadvantagestohavingsomeone'shighregard.
G.Caringtoomuchabouttheirviewswasenergy-consumingandunnecessary.
【答案】16．G17．F18．A19．E20．D
【解析】本文是说明文。讲述我们经常被别人误解，对于这种情况我们应该做些什么来释放精神痛苦。文章给
出了几点建议。
16．后文“Ofcourse,youneedtodosomethingtoletgoofthatmentalsufferingifyouarestuckinsuchasimilar
situation.”提及，陷入类似情况要做一些事情来释放精神痛苦，所以说明过分关注他们的观点是一件耗精力，不
必要的事，故选G。
17．下文“Butifitdoesn'tcomeasexpected,justbeyourself.”说明但是事与愿违，表转折，说明此空应填好的事情，
F项“当然，有人高度尊重是有好处的。”符合语境，certainly说明与上文“被青睐可能是你过去成功定式。”一致，
故选F。
18．本段首句“Understandyoucan'tcontrolothers.”说明你不能控制别人，以及空前一句“Andthebottomlineisthat
it'snoneofyourbusinesswhatanotherpersonthinksofyou.”说明别人对你的看法与你无关，可知那是他或她的个
人观点，故选A。
19．上文“Recognizeyouareequaltoeveryotherperson.”说明要认识到你与别人是平等的，E项中“thereisnoone
aboveorbelowyou(没有人比你好或者比你差)”与此处语境相符，That'stosay说明前后内容一致。故选E。
20．此空为总领句，应为动词开头。以及后文的“Youwillnotneedtobeconcernedwiththefewpeoplewhojustdon't
seemtounderstandyou.（你不需要关心那些似乎不理解你的少数人）”可知你应该坚持你的价值观，做你自己的
事。故选D。
规律方法4：逻辑关系线索
(a)并列与递进关系：and,or,also，neither…nor…,either…or…,likewise,similarly,equally,inthesameway,thatis
tosay,aswellas,thesame…as,besides,additionally,furthermore,moreover,inadditionto,whatismore
(b)因果关系：because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so…that,consequently,accordingly,dueto,thanksto,
asaresult,becauseof,inthat,forthisreason,ofcourse
(c)转折让步关系：but,however,yet, onthe contrary,by contrast,on theother hand,unfortunately,while, whereas,
unlike, rather than ,instead of, it is true that, of course, although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in
spiteof
(d)时间关系：afterwards, atfirst, atlast, finally,first, firstly,in the firstplace, to startwith，in the mean time, last,
later,next,second,secondly,then,third,thirdly,tobeginwith以及一些具体的时间。
【变式精练】
352/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
Therehasbeenaremarkableriseinthepopularityofhouseplantsoverthepastfewyears,withtrendynewshops
poppingupalloverthecountrysellingeverykindofplantyoucanimagine.16．Butfollowafewbasictipsaidyou'll
soongetthehangofit.
Choosingyourplantdoesn'tseemthatsimple.It'sacommonmistaketowanderintoashopandgrabtheplantthat
youfirstfallfox,butit'simportanttounderstandwhattypeofenvironmentyou'reintroducingittobeforepickingone
out.17．Forexample,someplantsarcbettersuitedtomaximumlightandheat,whileothersprefercoolerspots.
18．Oneofthemostcommonreasonsforhouseplantkillingisoverwatering.Youmightthinkithasaconstant
thirstbutchancesareitwon'ttaketospendingextendedperiodssittinginwetsoil.Everyplantisdifferent,soresearch
isoncemorekey,butgenerallyhome-dwellerslikewateringmostwhenthey'regrowingrapidly（springandsummer）
andpreferanoccasionalwaterwhenthesoilisdry,ratherthanasadailyroutine.19．
Yourplantsmayactuallyneedfeeding.Whilesomelouseplantsdon'tneedmanynutrientstogrow,othersare
greedyforextranutritionalgoodnes（s especiallythosethatdisplayflowersandfruits）.20．Andyou'llalsoneedtocheck
whattypeoffertilizereachvarietyrequiresandhowmuchtouseeachtime.
A．Usinggoodsoilforyourplantisvital.
B．Differentplantsrequiredifferentamountsofwater.
C．Takingcareofplantsismucheasierthanraisingothercreatures.
D．Andalwaysusewaterthathasbeenbroughtuptoroomtemperature
E. Lookingafterhouseplantsisn'talwaysasstraightforwardassomethink.
F. Aswithwatering， they'llneedmorefoodduringtheirgrowingseasonthanduringwinter.
G. Alittleresearchbeforebuyingwillsaveyoulotsofstresswhenyougetyouplantshome.
【答案】16．E17．G18．B19．D20．F
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章从室内植物的种类选择、浇水和营养等方面介绍了如何照顾室内植物。
16．上文“Therehasbeenaremarkableriseinthepopularityofhouseplantsoverthepastfewyears,withtrendynew
shopspoppingupalloverthecountrysellingeverykindofplantyoucanimagine（过去几年来，室内植物的受欢迎
程度显著上升，时髦的新商店如雨后春笋般出现在全国各地，出售各种你能想到的植物） ”说明，人们对室内
植物的需求增多。结合下文“Butfollowafewbasictipsaidyou'llsoongetthehangofi（t 但是遵循一些基本的技巧，
你会很快掌握它）”和后面四个小题的解析可知，下文主要从室内植物的选择、浇水和营养方面介绍了如何种植
室内植物。该空和下一句构成转折关系，应该说明种植室内植物不易。故E选项（照看室内植物并不总是像一
些人想的那么简单）符合语境。故选E。
17．上文“it'simportanttounderstandwhattypeofenvironmentyou'reintroducingittobeforepickingoneout（在选
353/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
择之前，了解你要将它引入的环境类型是很重要的）”说明，买植物之前，首先要进行一番了解。该空承接上文，
应该介绍这么做的好处。结合选项，G选项（在你把植物带回家之前做一些调查会帮你减轻很多压力）符合语
境，故选G。
18．空后“Oneofthemostcommonreasonsforhouseplantkillingisoverwatering（室内植物死亡最常见的原因之一
是过度浇水）”说明，很多植物不需要那么多的水分。所以空前应该提到和植物需水量有关的话题。结合选项，
B选项（不同的植物需要不同的水量）符合语境，故选B。
19．上文“generallyhome-dwellerslikewateringmostwhenthey'regrowingrapidly（springandsummer）andpreferan
occasionalwaterwhenthesoilisdry,ratherthanasadailyroutine（一般来说，家居植物最喜欢在它们生长迅速的
时候(春天和夏天)被浇水，并且喜欢在土壤干燥的时候偶尔浇水，而不是每天浇水） ”说明，该部分介绍的是
给家居植物浇水的时候应该注意的问题。该空承接上文，应该继续介绍浇水时需要注意的地方。结合选项，D
选项（而且一定要用已经加热到室温的水）符合语境。故选D。
20．上文“Yourplantsmayactuallyneedfeeding.Whilesomelouseplantsdon'tneedmanynutrientstogrow,othersare
greedyforextranutritionalgoodness（你的植物可能真的需要喂养。虽然一些室内植物不需要太多的营养来生长，
但其他一些植物却渴望额外的营养）”说明，室内植物需要营养。下文 “Andyou'llalsoneedtocheckwhattypeof
fertilizereachvarietyrequiresandhowmuchtouseeachtime（你还需要检查每种品种需要哪种肥料，每次使用多
少）”说明，在给植物提供营养的时候，还要注意肥料种类和数量。该空和后文并列，应介绍和植物营养有关的
话题。结合选项，F选项（和浇水一样，它们在生长季节比冬天需要更多的食物）符合语境。故选F。
考点二 细节理解类题型
（1）问题在段首或是小标题
iPadvstextbooks
18．. Students usually have multiple classes, which results in multiple textbooks. Heavy backpacks filled with books
can cause back problem. A solution to that is an iPad, which only weighs 1.33 pounds and can hold all of a student's
textbooks.
A．iPadsabsorbtheneedtobuycalculators,dictionaries,andotheritemsthatarefoundwithinthedevice.
B．SchoolshaveeveryreasontodoawaywiththeirschoolbooksandswitchtoiPads.
C．Moreover,inhighschool,textbookshaveanaverageof4.8poundseach.
D．iPadshavealreadyreplacedtextbooksinover600Americancounties.
E.Therefore,theycanusethesavedmoneyforotherprograms.
F.Secondly,iPadscostlessandaremorepopular.
354/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
G.iPadsareperfectforbusystudents.
【答案】18．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了可以当作书本使用的 iPads 的情况，与普通书本相比iPads 更有优势。
18．本句为段落的主题句。根据下文“Heavybackpacksfilledwithbookscancausebackproblem.”（装满书的沉重
背包会引起背部问题。）可知，提到了书本的重量会引发背部疾病，所以主题句应该讲述书包的重量。C 选项
“Moreover,inhighschool,textbookshaveanaverageof4.8poundseach.”（此外，在高中，教科书平均每本4.8磅。），
与下文最符，故选C。
法1：如果问题在段首或是小标题？
通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题
句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。
【变式精练】
4.39．
Let'ssayyou'vetakentheadviceabove,butyou'restillfeelingheated.Ifso,changingthetopicofconversation
canalsobeagoodwaytocopewithangerinthemoment.40． Ifyouwerediscussingsomethingserious-orsomething
thatneedstobeexplainedfinally-tablethediscussionforlaterorthenextday,whenyoucalmdown.
A．Changethesubjectoftheconversation.
B．Stoptheconversationwithyourpartner.
C．Angerwilldodamagetoyourlungsandheart.
D．Tryrespondingtoyourloudvoicebygraduallyloweringit.
E.Nowthatyou'vecalmeddown,thinkaboutwhat'smotivatingyouranger.
F.Makeajokeandreroutetheconversationtoasafe,calm,enjoyabledialogue.
G.Angerwilloftencausechangesinourbody,suchasmuscletensionorsoreneck.
【答案】39．A40．F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章给出了当人愤怒时，怎样冷静下来的几个方法。
39．下文“Ifso,changingthetopicofconversationcanalsobeagoodwaytocopewithangerinthemoment.( 如果是
这样的话，改变谈话的主题也可以是一个很好的方式来处理愤怒的时刻)”说明改变谈话主题也可以处理愤怒，A
项“改变谈话的主题”作为小标题，点明段落中心。选项中的Changethesubjectoftheconversation 和下文中的
changingthetopicofconversation语义一致。故选A项。
40．上文“Ifso,changingthetopicofconversationcanalsobeagoodwaytocopewithangerinthemoment.（如果是
355/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
这样的话，换个话题也是应对当下愤怒情绪的好方法。）”说明换个话题是应对愤怒情绪的好办法，F项“讲个笑
话，让谈话转向安全、平静、愉快的对话。”承接上文，说的是换个话题的具体方法。故选F项。
（2）问题在段尾
【例2】
Making beer is complex and variable enough to be interesting. The basic reward of a good bottle of beer is easy to
enjoy and from there you can create your own personal variety. If you're someone who likes to experiment, this could
beafunhobbyforyou.19．
A．Theactivitycombinesseveralsenses.
B．Thishobbyhasgrowninpopularityinrecentyears.
C．Gardeninginvolvescreativityandtimeoutsideinnature.
D．Developingfilmusedtobetime-consumingandexpensive.
E.Studieshavelookedathowhobbiesmakeyoubetteratyourjob.
F.Plus,you'llalwayshaveagreathomemadegifttogivefriendsandfamily.
G.Infact,alotofresearchhaslookedatthestress-reducingpropertiesofhobbies.
【答案】19．F
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了几种爱好。
19．由上三句“Makingbeeriscomplexandvariableenoughtobeinteresting.Thebasicrewardofagoodbottleofbeer
iseasytoenjoyandfromthereyoucancreateyourownpersonalvariety.Ifyou'resomeonewholikestoexperiment,
thiscouldbeafunhobbyforyou.”（酿造啤酒是复杂多变的，足以让人感兴趣。一瓶好啤酒的基本奖励很容易享
受，从那里你可以创造自己的个人品种。如果你是一个喜欢实验的人，这对你来说可能是一个有趣的爱好）可
知，上文中作者认为自己酿造啤酒很有趣，讲了自己酿造啤酒的优点（即创造自己的个人品种），并建议读者把
自己酿造啤酒作为爱好，可得出此空填写内容应与自己酿造啤酒的优点有关，承接上文，F选项“另外，你将永
远有一个伟大的自制礼物送给朋友和家人”切题，其中“自制礼物”指的就是“自己酿造的啤酒”，故选F项。
规律方法2：如果问题在段尾？
通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore,asaresult,
thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
【变式精练】
Doyouoftengooutforshopping?Howtoavoidgermswhenshoppinginthegrocerystore?16．.
A．youdecreaseyourriskofbecominginfected
B．Ifyouhaveanelderlyneighborwhoneedshelp
C．youhadbetterstayathomeinsteadofgoingout
356/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
D．Asaresult,avoidtouchingyourfacewhileshopping
E. Asaresult,youshouldwearamaskwhenyougoshopping
F. Moreover,trytomaintainasafe,six-footdistancefromothershoppers
G. Beforeyouheadouttoone,youneedsomeguidelinestoensureyoursafety
【答案】16．G
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了出去购物时避免感染病毒的几个建议。
16．空前提出问题“在杂货店购物时如何避免细菌呢？”，下文是具体的方法，所以G项“在你出去进一个杂货店
之前，你需要一些指导来确保你的安全”承上启下，符合语境，故选G项。
专题 短文改错
09
【构建知识体系】
考点1动词的形误用（时态与语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词）
考点2名词误用
考点3冠词误用
短文改错 考点4代词误用
考点5形容词或副词误用
考点6介词（短语）误用
考点7连接词（并列连词、从属连词）误用
【考纲解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
考查考生发
给出一篇约100个单
现、判断、纠正文
词的短文，文中有10处错
章错误的能力，进
误，要求考生对每个句子 短文改错中常见的错误类型：1、动词的形（时
而考查学生的词
进行判断，如有错误将其 态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词）；2、名词的数
法、句法及行文逻
改正。错误类型包括词法、 辑等方面的水平。 （单、复数）和格（主格、宾格）；3、冠词（不定冠、
357/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
句法、行文逻辑等方面的 定冠、零冠）或代词的格和性；4、形容词或副词；5、
错误。每句中最多有两处 介词（短语）；6、连接词（并列连词、从属连词）
错误仅涉及一个单词的增
加、删除或修改。
【剖析全国高考真题】
短文改错
1.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每
句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
TodayItriedcookingasimplydishmyself.Ilikeeatingfryingtomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmusttobe
easytocook.Mymomtoldmehowtopreparingit.FirstIcutthetomatoesintopiecesbutputthemaside. NextI
broketheeggsintoabowlandbeatthemquicklywithchopstick.AfterthatIpouredoilintoapanandturnedoffthe
stove， Iwaitedpatientlyunlesstheoilwashot. ThenIputthetomatoesandthebeateneggsintopantogether. ＂
Notthatway，＂ mymomtriedtostopusbutfailed. Shewasright. Itdidn’ttumoutasIhadwished.
【答案】
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者做西红柿炒鸡蛋的过程。
1.考查形容词。句意：今天我自己尝试做一道简单的菜。根据名词dish可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故将simply
358/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
改为simple。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分
词作定语，故将frying改为fried。
3.考查情态动词用法。句意：并且我认为它一定很简单。must是情态动词，后接动词原形，to多余，故将to去
掉。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知，“how+不定式”作told的宾语，to是
不定式符号，后应接动词原形，故将preparing改为prepare。
5.考查连词。句意：首先我把西红柿切成块，并把它们放在一边。Icutthetomatoesintopieces与putthemaside
之间是并列关系，应使用and连接，故将but改为and。
6.考查名词复数。句意：下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里，然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可数名词，意为“筷
子”，通常以复数形式出现，故将chopstick改为chopsticks。
7.考查介词。句意：之后我把油倒进一个平底锅，然后开火。根据Ipouredoilintoapan及常识可知，把油倒进
锅里后应是打开炉子，所以此处应使用短语turnon，故将off改为n。
8.考查连词。句意：我耐心等待，直到油烧热。此处是指“直到”油烧热，应使用until/till引导时间状语从句，故
将unless改为until/till。
9.考查冠词。句意：然后我把西红柿和打好的鸡蛋一起放进平底锅。此处特指上文提到的pan，所以其前应加定
冠词the，故在pan前the。
10.考查代词。句意：“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我，但是失败了。根据上文可知，是作者一个人做菜，此
处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”，应使用第一人称单数的宾格，故将us改为me。
2.【·全国新课标II】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有
10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Thankyouforyourletter,whatreallymademehappy.I’mgladtoknowthatyou’vecomeChinatolearnkungfu
inaschoolinmyhometown.I’msurelyyou’llhaveagoodtime.Actually,IstarttolearnkungfuwhenIwasseven
yearsold,forIhavelongbeenoutofpractice.Luckily,Iwillgohomeintwoweeksforsummervacations.ThenIcan
sparesometimetolearnitagain,suchthatwecanpracticetogetheroneveryday.Bestofluckwithyourslearningkung
359/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
fuinChina.Seeyousooner.
【答案】1.what→which
2.come后加to
3.surely→sure
4.start→started
5.for→but/yet
6.vacations→vacation
7.such→so
8.去掉on
9.yours→your/you
10.sooner→soon
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章作者给他的朋友回信。很高兴听说他的朋友在学功夫，也很期待能和他一起学习中国功
夫。
1.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：谢谢你的来信，你的信真正让我开心。分析句子，逗号后的从句为非限制性
定语从句，修饰先行词yourletter，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故将what
改为which.
2. 考查固定搭配。句意：我很高兴知道你来中国在我家乡的一所学校学习功夫。分析句子，此处come为不及
物动词，后接宾语是需加相应介词。cometo 译为“来到”是故定短语。故在come 和China之间加to。
3. 考查形容词。句意：我相信你会玩得很开心的。分析句子，此处be动词am后面需用形容词作表语。故将surely
改为sure。
4.考查时态。句意：事实上，我七岁时就开始学功夫了。分析句子，此处动词start讲述的是7岁的时候，动词
应该用过去时。故将start改为started。
5.考查连词。句意：但我早就不练习了。分析句子，此处前句提到“我7岁开始学功夫”，后句提到“很久没有练
习了”。此处前后应是转折关系。故将for改为but/yet。
6.考查不可数名词。句意：幸运的是，两周后我就要回家过暑假。分析句子，vacation译为“假期”是个不可数名
词，后面不可加s表示复数。Summervacation 译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将vacations改为vacation。
7.考查副词。句意：然后我就可以抽出时间重新学习它，这样我们就可以每天一起练习。分析句子，此处应表
示“以便；所以”。故将such改为so.
8.考查介词。句意：我们就可以每天一起练习。介词on后接的是具体时间。everyday 译为“每一天”，前不能用
360/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
有任何介词修饰。故on多余，应去掉。
9.考查代词。句意：祝你在中国学习功夫好运。分析句子，bestluckofyou 译为“祝你好运”是固定短语。故将
your改为you。/句中的yours为名词性物主代词，不可修饰后面的动名词。故将yours改为your。
10.考查固定短语。句意：希望尽快见到你。Seeyousoon 译为“希望尽快见到你”，是固定短语。此处不需用比
较级。故将sooner改为soon。
3.【·全国新课标III】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，
每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
My mom is really concerning with the health of everyone in our families. In order to make surely all of us are in
goodhealth,andshemakesspecificplansforus.Forexample,everymorning,mydadhastohavethebowlofeggsoup
while I had to eatan apple.My daddon’tlike the soupandI don’tenjoyapples. I tell my mom thatif we’re forcedeat
things,wemaybecomeill.
But he insists on us eating healthy food. Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by
Momwithappreciation.
【答案】
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者的妈妈坚持让全家人吃健康食物，确保每个人身
体好。一开始，家人有些排斥。在母亲的坚持下，我充满感激地接受了母亲的好意。
第一处：考查固定短语。句意：我的妈妈真的关心我们家庭里每个人的健康。be concerned with关心，
361/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
该短语是固定短语，所以concerning改成concerned。
第二处：考查名词单复数。句意同上。family当“家庭”讲时，是集合名词，这里表示“我们一个家庭”，
所以用单数，families改成family。
第三处：考查固定短语。句意：为了确保我们所有人身体好，她为我们制定了特殊的计划。make su
re确保，该短语是固定短语，所以surely改成sure。
第四处：考查简单句。句意同上。这是一个简单句，前面in order to…作目的状语，不用连词 and，
所以去掉and。
第五处：考查冠词。句意：例如：每天早晨，我的父亲不得不喝一碗鸡蛋汤，然而，我不得不吃一个
苹果。泛指“一碗鸡蛋汤”，bowl以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a，所以the改成a。
第六处：考查时态。根据时间状语 every morning，可知这里表示经常或反复发生的事情，用一般现在
时，主语为I，谓语动词要用原形。所以had改成have。
第七处：考查主谓一致。句意：我爸爸不喜欢汤，我也不喜欢苹果。表示经常或反复发生的事情，用
一般现在时。主语my dad是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，所以don’t改成doesn’t。
第八处：考查固定句型。句意：我告诉我妈妈，如果我们被迫吃东西，我们可能会生病。be forced t
o do sth.被迫做某事，所以forced后面加to。
第九处：考查代词。句意：但是她坚持让我们吃健康的食物。文中指“我的妈妈”，是女性，所以 he
改成she。
第十处：考查定语从句。句意：出于对妈妈好意的理解，我满怀感激地吃着妈妈提供的所有食物。这
里含有一个定语从句，先行词是allthefood，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，可用 that或 which，先
行词被all所修饰，只能使用 that，不能使用which，且what不能引导定语从句，所以what改成that。
4.【·全国I】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语
言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
362/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwas
walkingbytheschoolplayground.Suddenlyfootballfelljustinfrontofmebutalmosthitme.Istoppedtheballand
kickedithardlybacktotheplayground.Toeveryone`ssurprising,theballwentintothenet.Allthefootballplayeron
theplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball.Fromnowon,Istartedtoplaymyfootballwith
classmatesafterschool.Iamagoodplayernow.
【答案】interesting→interested
where→when
football前面加上a
but→and
hardly→hard
surprising→surprise
player→players
say→saying
now→then
去掉my
【解析】
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。由于一次偶然的经历，“我”喜欢上了踢足球，后来经过自己努力，我成了一
名优秀球员。
1.interesting改为interested 考查形容词用法。“interest（使感兴趣；使关注）”的形容词有interesting（使人感兴
趣的）常修饰物；与interested（表现出兴趣的）常修饰人。本句的意思为：多亏一个偶然的事件，我对踢足球
产生了兴趣。主语是I，故将interesting改为interested。
2.where改为when考查定语从句。先行词oneafternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。
故将where改为when。
3. 在football前加a。考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故
在football前加a。
4.but改为and 考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作
是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
5.hardly改为hard 考查副词。hard（努力地；费力地）与hardly（几乎不；几乎没有）都为副词，但是词义不
同。文中表示我挡住足球，并使劲地将它踢回操场，故将hardly改为hard。
6.surprising改为surprise考查固定搭配。“toone’s+ 名词”意为“令某人……”，此处为toone’ssurprise意为“让
363/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
某人惊讶的是”。故将surprising改为surprise。
7.player改为players。考查名词的数。player（运动员）为可数名词，此时all（所有的）后需要用player的复
数形式。故将player改为players。
8.say改为saying。考查非谓语动词。句中谓语动词为cheered，say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动
关系，故将say改为saying。
9.now改为then考查上下文逻辑。结合语境可知，文中指从那时开始，我放学后跟同学一起踢足球。表示“从
那时起”需用fromthenon，故将now改为then。
10. 将my去掉 考查固定搭配。踢足球的英语表达“playfootball”，中间不能加冠词或者代词。故将my去掉。
5.【·全国II】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语
言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
SinceIwasakid,I’veconsidereddifferentjobIwouldliketodo.First,Iwantedtobeafireman,whoseuniform
lookedsocoolly.Then,whenIwasinthefivegrade,IwantedtobeateacherbecauseIlikedmyEnglishteachertoo
much.WhenIstudiedchemistryhighschool,Ireconsideredmggoalordecidedtobeadoctor.Theyweretworeasons
forthedecision.OnewasthatIwasamazingatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchmorebetterafterseeinga
doctor.AndtheotheristhatIwantedtohelppeopleinneed.
【答案】job→jobs
coolly→cool
five→fifth
too→very/so
chemistry后面加上in/at
or→and
They→There
amazing→amazed
去掉more
is→was
364/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了“我”随着年龄的变化对未来职业选择的变化。
71.job改为jobs 考查名词。本句中的different表示“不同的”，后面的名词job应该使用复数形式，故job改为
jobs。
72.coolly改为cool考查形容词。looked是系动词，表示“看起来”，后面使用形容词作表语，故coolly改为cool。
73.five改为fifth考查序数词。“在五年级”有两种表达方式。inthe+序数词+grade，或者使用inGrade5的形式。
故five改为fifth。
74.too改为very/so考查副词。toomuch表示“太多”，而very/somuch表示“非常”，故改为very或so。
75.在high前面加at/in考查介词。在高中，短语为at/inhighschool。故在high前面加at/in。
76.or改为and考查连词。本句中的reconsidered和decided这两个谓语动作是递进关系，故or改为and。
77.They改为There考查副词。考查存在句，应该是therebe句型，故将They改为There。
78.amazing改为amazed考查非谓语动词。根据前面的主语I可知，后面应该使用amazed表示“感到惊奇”。
79.去掉more考查形容词比较级。本句中better本身已经是比较级，前面只需要much来修饰，改变程度，more
是多余的。故删除more。
80.is改为was考查时态。综合分析全文，从开始的第一句话就知道作者描述自己过去的事情，因此将is改为
was。
6.【·全国III】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处
语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I'vehadmanydreamssinceIwasachild.Nowmydreamistoopensacafe.Thoughitmayappearsimple,itrequireda
lotofideasandefforts.WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarilycafebutaveryspecialone.Iwantmycafehaveaspecial
themesuchaslike"TangDynasty".Inthecafe,customerswillenjoyyourselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhatis
createdforthem.IfIsucceedinmanageone,Iwillopenmore.Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcity.
Eachofmycafeswillhaveadifferentthemeandanuniquestyle.
[答案]
365/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
I'vehadmanydreamssinceIwasachild.Nowmydreamistoopensacafe.Thoughitmayappearsimple,it
required
open requires
alotofideasandefforts.WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarilycafebutaveryspecialone.Iwantmycafe^havea
ordinary to
specialthemesuchaslike"TangDynasty".Inthecafe,customerswillenjoyyourselvesinthehistoricalenvironment
themselves
whatiscreatedforthem.IfIsucceedinmanageone,Iwillopenmore.Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmany
that/which managing
differentcity.Eachofmycafeswillhaveadifferentthemeandanuniquestyle.
cities a
【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了“我”的梦想——要开一家别有韵味，与众不同的咖啡馆。
1.opens改为open考查非谓语动词。此处指我的梦想是开一家咖啡馆。句中需用不定式todo作表语。故将opens
改为open。
2. required改为requires考查动词时态。句中需使用一般现在时，主语为it，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。
故将required改为requires。
3.ordinarily改为ordinary考查形容词副词。修饰名词作前置定语，此处应用形容词表示“一家普通的咖啡馆”。
故将ordinarily改为ordinary。
4. 在mycafe后加to 考查非谓语动词。根据短语wantsb.todosth 可知需加上 to，此处为不定式作宾补。故在
mycafe后加to。
5. 去掉suchas后的like考查固定短语。suchas意为“比方说……”，用来列举，后面无需加上like。故将like
去掉。
6.yourselves改为themselves 考查反身代词前后一致。此处指顾客们在这种氛围中会很开心，需用第三人称单
数形式的反身代词，且为复数形式。故将yourselves改为themselves。
7.what改为that/which考查定语从句。分析可知先行词为environment，指物，定语从句中缺少主语，需用关系
代词that或者which。故将what改为that或者which。
8.manage改为managing考查非谓语动词。in为介词，后接动词时需用动名词。故将manage改为managing。
9.city→cities考查名词的数。many修饰可数名词的复数。故将city改为cities。
10. 答案an→a 考查冠词。unique为辅音音素发音的单词，用不定词时需用a。故将an改为a。
366/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【精讲研法】
考点一 动词误用（时态与语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词）
【例1】
In the translation process, she thinks carefully about every word and every sentence, as a result of whicht,Yang Jiang
finishedthetranslationofDonQuixoteoveraperiodof10years.
【答案】thinks→thought
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在翻译的过程中，她每一个字、每一句话都要仔细思考，因此杨绛花了10年的
时间完成了《堂吉诃德》的翻译。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故将thinks改为thought。
【例2】
To have better a understanding of daily basic science, we first attend a professional lecture on the theme of Life and
Water.Thehighlightofthevisitwerethehands-onexperienceinthesciencelab.
【答案】 attend→attended； were→was
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：为了更好地了解日常基础科学，我们首先参加了一个主题为“生命和水”的专
业讲座。文章描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，故将attend改为attended。
考查主谓一致。句意：本次参观的精彩部分是在科学实验室的亲身体验。主语highlight为可数名词单数，谓语
动词用单数形式，故将were改为was。
规律方法1：动词的时态、语态
此类题型的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：（1）短文中时态的使用前后不一致；（2）在特定语境条件下
时态的误用（如含有状语从句的复合句中，主句用将来时态，而从句中则用一般现在时态）；（3）主动语态与被
动语态的混用。
解决方案：（1）通读全文，搞清文中动词时态的主旋律；（2）结合语境，灵活使用时态形式；（3）认真推
敲，准确把握主动与被动。
【变式精练】
It'sgreattohearfromyou.Youaskmeaboutmylifeinhighschool.
【答案】ask→asked
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：你问了我关于我在高中的生活。根据上文“It'sgreattohearfromyou.”可知，收到
了信件，说信件中提到的事情，用一般过去时，故将ask改为asked。
【例3】
Tohisdelight,oneofhisbooksweregiventhetitleofTheBestSellerin2010,andgottheworld’sattention.
【答案】were→was
367/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：令他高兴的是，他的一本书在2010年获得了最佳畅销书的称号，并引起了全世
界的关注。此处主语为“oneofhisbooks”，谓语动词应用单数。故were改为was。
规律方法2：主谓一致
此类题型的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：（1）主谓在人称或单复数上不一致；（2）在含有定语从句或
强调结构中的主谓不一致；（3）非谓语动词短语作主语或主语从句作主语时的主谓不一致。
解决方案：（1）做题时要有全局观念，前后联系；（2）搞清句子结构，分析句子成分；（3）全面掌握有关
主谓一致方面的规则。
【变式精练】
As is known to everyone, parents are too much concerned about their children, especially when the young meet with
challenges.Sodoesmyparents.
【答案】does→are
【解析】考查倒装句。句意：我的父母也是。本句是“So+情态动词/助动词/be动词”句式，表示前面所说的肯定
情况也适用于后者，意为“……也……”，根据上文的areworried可知，此处应用be动词，主语是myparents，
be动词用are。故将does改为are。
【例5】
Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.(·全国卷Ⅰ)
【答案】sell改成selling
【解析】 考查动名词。“我”爷爷说去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词by后用动名词,故用selling。
【例4】
Faced such a great opportunity, we both felt excited. In order to make the ceremony successful, we made enough
preparationsforit.
【答案】Faced→Facing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：面对这样一个非常好的机会，我们都感到很兴奋。分析句子结构可知face在
句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语we构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故 Faced改为Facing。
【例5】
Ifeltagreatsenseofjoyinrescuethepoorlittlefellow.
【答案】rescue→rescuing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我在营救那个可怜的小家伙的过程中感到了极大的喜悦。介词in后面的动名
词形式做宾语。故将rescue改为rescuing。
规律方法3：非谓语动词
此类题型的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：（1）谓语动词与非谓语动词的混用；（2）非谓语动词之间的
368/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
混用；（3）在并列结构中非谓语动词的误用。
解决方案：（1）纵观全文或全句，明确句中动词所做的句子成分；（2）系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能；
（3）前后联系，整体把握。
【变式精练】
ThevalleyisnowpartofthereservoircreatebytheThreeGorgesDam.
【答案】create改为created
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个山谷现在是三峡大坝建造的水库的一部分。名词reservoir与create之间
为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故将create改为created。
考点二 名词误用
【例】(·全国卷Ⅰ)
Mount Huangshan has more famous scenic attractions than many other mountains in China. It is especially well
knownforthebeautifully-shapedpinetree,cloudsandrocks.
【答案】tree→trees
【解析】考查名词。句意：尤其以其造型优美的松树、云和岩石而闻名。tree为可数名词，根据语境可知，“松
树”应为复数形式，故将tree改为trees。
规律方法：名词误用
此类题型的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：（1）可数名词与不可数名词的混用；（2）用于固定词组中的
一些名词的误用；（3）同义名词或近义名词的混用。
解决方案：（1）理清可数与不可数名词之间的区别与联系；（2）记清一些用于固定词组中名词的特殊用法；
（3）结合语境认真分辨同义名词或近义名词。
【变式精练】
Itenjoysawarmclimatewithanannualaveragetemperaturesof20℃.
【答案】temperatures→temperature
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：这里气候温暖，年平均气温为20℃。根据句中不定冠词an可知，年平均气温
应为单一数值，故用单数。故将temperatures改为temperature。
考点三 冠词误用
【例】
Withitsstrongwaves,RiyueBayisaidealbeachforsurfing,whichalwaysoffersanincrediblesurfingexperience.
【答案】a→an
【解析】考查冠词。句意：日月湾有着强烈的海浪，是一个理想的冲浪海滩，它总是提供令人难以置信的冲浪
369/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
体验。句中名词beach为可数名词，泛指，且形容词ideal发音以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an。故将a
改为an。
规律方法：冠词误用
此类题型的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：（1）定冠词和不定冠词的混用；（2）零冠词和非零冠词的混
用；（3）某些习语或固定搭配中冠词的使用。
解决方案：（1）牢固掌握定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词的使用规律；（2）注意含有冠词（零冠词）习语和固
定搭配积累和总结；（3）留意阅读中冠词的准确使用，培养语感。
【变式精练】
Tomakeourcitythebetterplacetolivein，westillhavealottodo.
【答案】the→a
【解析】考查冠词。句意：为了使我们的城市成为一个更适合居住的地方，我们还有很多事情要做。place为可
数名词，此处泛指“一个地方”应用不定冠词，故the改为a。
考点四 代词的误用
【例】
IwillletthemknowIhaveagoalandwillworkhardtoachievethem.
【答案】them改为it
【解析】考查代词。句意：我会让他们知道我有一个目标，我会努力去实现它。此处指代的是前面的“agoal”，
需用代词it。故将them改为it。
规律方法：代词的误用
此类题型的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：（1）代词指代的人或事物前后不一致；（2）“it”的不当使用（包
括用于从句中做形式主语或形式宾语）；（3）不定代词或反身代词的误用。
解决方案：（1）顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指代关系，注意联系上下文；（2）系统掌握it的各种用法；
（3）准确把握不定代词和反身代词在文中的正确使用。
【变式精练】
Myexchangeyearwasagreatexperienceforme.Isuccessfullyenhancedtheirlanguageskills.
【答案】their→my
【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我成功地提高了我的语言能力。此处是指“我”的语言能力。故将their
改为my。
考点五 形容词或副词误用
370/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【例】
Becauseofhisencouragement,Icalmeddownandeverythingworkedoutsmoothasexpected.
【答案】smooth→smoothly
【解析】考查副词。句意：因为他的鼓励，我冷静下来，一切都如预期的顺利进行。修饰动词短语workout应
用副词smoothly，作状语。故 smooth改为smoothly。
规律方法：形容词或副词的误用
此类题型的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：（1）形容词和副词的混用；（2）比较级和最高级的混用或误
用；（3）比较级和最高级修饰语的误用；（4）近义词的误用。
解决方案：（1）熟知形容词和副词的句法功能；（2）理清短文中形容词和副词比较等级的关系；（3）结合
短文内容，准确使用形容词和副词。
【变式精练】
Iamsodelightedlythatmygrandparentswillcometostaywithusforafewdays.
【答案】delightedly→delighted
【解析】考查形容词。句意：我很高兴，我的祖父母要来和我们住几天。根据“Iam”可知，此处应是用形容词
做表语，delightedly为副词，应改为形容词delighted，意为高兴的。故将delightedly改为delighted。
考点六 介词（短语）误用
【例】
So,Igatheredmycourageandwasabletomoveitontoasmallpieceofstringattachedonmyhairbrush.
【答案】on→to
【解析】考查介词。句意：于是，我鼓起勇气，把它放到了我梳子上的一根细绳上。固定短语attachto使依附。
故将on改为to。
规律方法：介词（短语）误用
此类题型的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：（1）一些固定短语中介词的误用；（2）介词与连词或副词的
混用；（3）及物动词后面介词的多用或不及物动词后面介词的漏用。
解决方案：（1）主要积累语言知识，特别是加强对一些固定搭配的记忆；（2）强化语法训练，分清连词、
副词和介词之间的区别和句法功能；（3）语法知识的记忆和语感的培养结合起来。
【变式精练】
I'mwritingtotellyouourplantovisittoMountHuangshan.
【答案】去掉to
【解析】句意：我写信告诉你我们游览黄山的计划。visit为及物动词，所以其后的to多余，故去掉to。
371/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
考点七 连接词（并列连词、从属连词）误用
【例】
Thehotsprings,thatcomeoutfromdeepunderground,aresuitabletobatheinandeventodrink.
【答案】that→which
【解析】考查关系代词。句意：这些从地下深处冒出来的温泉既适合洗澡，也适合饮用。分析句子成分可知，“…
comeoutfromdeepunderground”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“Thehotsprings”，先行词在定语从句中作主
语，非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，故将that改为which。
规律方法：连接词（并列连词、从属连词）误用
此类题型的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：（1）并列连词but,and,or,so等的混用；（2）并列连词和从属
连词的误用；（3）平行结构方面的错误。
解决方案：（1）依据短文中的逻辑关系，准确把握词与词，句与句或段与段之间的关系；（2）分析句子结
构，确定句子的类型（简单句、并列句、复合句）；（3）排除汉语影响，识别although…but或because…so等句
子结构方面的错误。
【变式精练】
Iamout-goingandwanttomakemorefriends,becauseIjoinedsomeclubs.
【答案】because→so
【解析】考查连词。句意：我是外向的，想多交些朋友，因此我加入了一些俱乐部。前后是因果关系，前因后
果，故将because改为so。
专题 书面表达
10
【构建知识体系】
考点1记叙文型书面表达
考点2应用文型书面表达
基础写作
考点3说明文型书面表达
考点4议论文型书面表达
【考纲解读】
372/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
要求考生根据所给
根据提示进行书面表 情景，用英语写一
达。考生应能： 篇 100个单词左右 书面表达的评分标准：1.信息内容的完整性
（1）准确使用语法和 的短文。情景包括 (Completeness)；2.信息内容的连贯性(Coherence)
词汇；（2）使用一定的句 目的、对象、时间、 ；3.句子结构的正确性(Correctness)；4.句子结构的复
型、词汇，清楚、连贯地 地点、内容等；提 杂性(Variety)。
表达自己的思想。 供情景的形式有图
画、图表、提纲等。
【剖析全国高考真题】
书面表达
1.【·全国新课标I】你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容
包括:
1. 人物简介；
2. 尊敬和爱戴的原因。
注意:
1. 词数100左右；
2. 短文题目和首句已为你写好。
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【答案】ThepersonIrespect
Wehavealotofrespectablepeoplearoundus.Theymaybeourteachers,parentsoroneofourelders.Asforme,
myfatheristhepersonIrespectmost.Myfatherisateacherwholoveshisworkandhisstudentsverymuch.Heworks
veryhardeverydaybuthewillalsosparesometimetoaccompanymeandsharemanyfunnythingswithmeabouthis
work.
WhenIcomeacrosstheproblemsoflearninginmystudy,myfatherwilllistentomepatientlyandencourageme
toovercomethedifficultiesbravely.Heachievedalotinhiswork,respectedbyhisstudents.So,inmymindmyfather
isthepersonIrespectmostandIlovehimdeeply.
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【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求学生以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文。
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。
结构：总分法。
要求：
1.人物简介：
2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。
第二步：列提纲（重点短语）
Asforme；sparesometime；listentomepatiently;
第三步：连词成句
1.Asforme,myfatheristhepersonIrespectmostly.
2.Heworksveryhardeverydaybuthewillalsosparesometimetoaccompanymeandsharemanyfunnythingswith
meabouthiswork.
3.Myfatherwilllistentomepatientlyandencouragemetoovercomethedifficultiesbravely.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇
1.表示文章结构顺序：介绍人物；阐述原因
2.表示并列补充关系：Asfor;and;but;So
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】
范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯。复合逻辑关系。作者在范文中
使用了较多的高端句式，如定语从句：Myfatherisateacherwholoveshisworkandhisstudentsverymuch；非谓
语动词：Heachievedalotinhiswork,respectedbyhisstudents；时间状语从句：WhenIcomeacrosstheproblemof
learninginmystudy,myfatherwilllistentomepatientlyandencouragemetoovercomethedifficultiesbravely…等。
文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然。为文章增色添彩。
2.【·全国新课标II】上周末，你和同学参加了一次采摘活动。请你为班级英语角写一篇短文，介绍这次活动，
内容包括:
1. 农场情况；
2. 采摘过程；
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3. 个人感受
注意:
1. 词数100左右；
2. 题目已为你写好。
题目:MyWeekend
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【答案】
MyWeekend
Lastweekend，wetookpartinapickingactivity.Wedrovefromtheschool,andthefarmwasabout2kilometers
awayfromourschool.Whenwearrivedatthefarm,thereareallkindsofanimals,greenfreshvegetablesandfruittrees
inthefarm.Weweredividedintotwogroups.Onegroupwasresponsibleforpickingfruits,theotherpackedupthe
fruits.Timeflyingquickly,theactivitywasover.Butitwasameaningfulday,whenwelearnalotformit.Throughthis
activity,weknowhowhardthefarmersareandhowpreciousthefoodis.Weshouldtreasurethefoodplantedbythe
farmers.
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求学生为英语角写一篇关于和同学一起参加采摘活动的短文。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文。
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。
结构：总分法。
要求：
1.农场情况；
2.采摘过程；
3.个人感受
第二步：列提纲（重点短语）
tookpartin；wasresponsiblefor ；ameaningfulday；shouldtreasure
第三步：连词成句
1.Lastweekend,wetookpartinapickingactivity.
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2.Onegroupwasresponsibleforpickingfruits,theotherpackedupthefruits.
3.Butitwasameaningfulday,whenwelearnalotformit
4.Weshouldtreasurethefoodplantedbythefarmers.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇
1.表示文章结构顺序：介绍农场；描述采摘过程；个人感受
2.表示并列补充关系：and;But;Through
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】
范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯。复合逻辑关系。作者在范文中
使用了较多的高端句式，如定语从句：Butitwasameaningfulday,whenwelearnalotformit.；非谓语动词：We
shouldtreasurethefoodplantedbythefarmers；时间状语从句：Whenwearrivedatthefarm,thereareallkindsof
animals,greenfreshvegetablesandfruittreesinthefarm.Weweredividedintotwogroups…等。文章思路清晰，层
次分明，上下句转换自然。为文章增色添彩。
3.【·全国新课标III】书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，你和同学根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。给外教MissEvans写封邮件，请她帮忙指导。邮
件内容包括：
1. 剧情简介；
2. 指导内容；
3. 商定时间地点。
注意：
1. 词数100左右;
2. 结束语已为你写好。
【答案】Dear Miss Evans,
How is everything going! I am writing in sincerity to ask you a favor regarding a play we adapted ac
cording to the textbook.
We’d like to combine your culture with ours by adapting the classic novel The Steamboat for a short
English play. The play is set on a big storm after midnight, on the raft down the river navigation, we see
a steamboat that is going to sink. We saved a scared boy. However, the adaption is quite a challenge. Havi
376/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
ng written the English script, we don’t want anything inappropriate to spoil the play. So would you please
spare some time to review the draft script attached to this email and make necessary changes? If it is conv
enient, may I pay you a visit at your office next Tuesday to give you more details?
Given your busy schedule, I’d be very appreciative if you offer to give some professional advice. Look
forward to your early reply. Best regards!
Yours truly,
Li Hua
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，请求外教 Miss Evans对于《the Steamboat》改编
短剧的支持。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时，一般过去时和一般将来时。
结构：总分总法
第一段说明写这封邮件的目的；第二段详细说明英语戏剧的剧情介绍和指导内容细节问题；第三段表达感谢，
并期待早日得到回复。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
write to；according to ；combine ； adaption ；challenge；attached to ；convenient
第三步：连词成句
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
第五步：润色修改
范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中
使用了较多主从复合句，如：If it is convenient,may I payyou avisit atyour officenextTuesdaytogive you more
details? 这句话运用了if引导的条件状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。
377/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
4.【·全国I】假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展。请写一封信申请做志愿者，
内容包括:
1.写信目的:
2.个人优势:
3.能做的事情。
注意:
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.结束语已为你写好。
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【答案】
I'm LiHua, an outgoing boy, who is studying in London. I am writing to apply to be a volunteer of your team,
havingheardthataChinesePaintingExhibitionwillbeheldinthislocalcity.Ihavesomeadvantagesforthejob.
Firstofall,havinglivedinChinaforsixteenyearsandhavinglearntEnglishsinceIwasachild,Ihaveagood
commandofEnglishandChinese,whichisbeneficialforintroducingChinesepaintings.Besides,havingagood
knowledgeofChinesepaintingsbecauseofmyfamiliaritywithChinesepaintingculture,Icangetforeignersandthe
localstoknowmoreaboutit.Lastbutnotleast，throughmyintroductionandefforts,Ibelieve,Icanstrengthenthe
friendshipbetweenChinaandEngland.
Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldtakemyapplicationintoconsideration.
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。
1.审题立意
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写申请信，人称使用第一人称和第二人称，时态用一般现在式。
2.谋篇布局
书信格式，称呼和落款文中已经给出。首段，写信的目的，中间段写个人优势和能做的事，最后一段总结。
3.关键词
根据写作要点及构思好的提纲我们可以初步确定文章可能使用到的词汇有：volunteer，aChinesePainting
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Exhibition，localcity，advantages，agoodcommandof，beneficialfor，familiaritywith，appreciate ，takemyapplication
intoconsideration。通过词汇铺垫，我们就很容易地行文了，文章写完之后要检查文中是否存在拼写或语法错误，
并增加一些细节和过渡性的词汇，如Firstofall,Besides,tobeginwith，moreover，asforme，Lastbutnotleast，
等，使全文衔接自然，语义流畅。
【点睛】本文首段开门见山，表达了写信的目的；第2段详细介绍了个人的优势和能做的事情，anoutgoingboy,
whoisstudyinginLondon.此处使用了同位语和非限制性定语从句。havingheardthataChinesePaintingExhibition
willbeheldinthislocalcity.使用了分词做状语和宾语从句及被动语态。havinglivedinChinaforsixteenyearsand
havinglearntEnglishsinceIwasachild,IhaveagoodcommandofEnglishandChinese,whichisbeneficialfor
introducingChinesepaintings.使用了分词和非限制性定语从句。另外Firstofall,Besides,Lastbutnotleast的使用
使文章富有条理性。此外，还使用了高级句式结构，如Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldtakemyapplicationinto
consideration条件状语从句。
【思路点拨】 无论是在学校还是今后读大学再到走上工作岗位，写好一份申请都是你必不可少的一项技能。
这种形式的写作，学生需结合自身优势，
考生成文时应注意：1. 要点要齐全：(1)提出写信的目的——申请做这个志愿者；(2)提出个人优势；(3)表达
出自己能做的事情；2. 时态：以一般现在时为主；3. 人称：第二人称为主；4. 注意恰当使用一些连词，使文
章自然、流畅；5. 适当使用一些高级句型和词汇以提高作文档次。
【参考范文】
DearSirorMadam,
I am Li Hua, a 17-year-old teenager studying in London. Learning that a volunteer is needed for an exhibition of
Chinesetraditionalpainting,Iamwritingtoapplyforit.
I have some advantages for the job. First of all, having lived in China for years and learnt English since I was a
child,I haveagoodcommandof bothEnglishandChinese,whichisbeneficialwhenintroducingChinesepaintings to
foreign friends. Besides, because of my familiarity with Chinese painting culture, I can get foreigners and the locals to
knowmoreaboutit. Lastbutnotleast,through my efforts,Ibelieve, Icanstrengthenthe friendshipbetweenChinaand
England.
Iwouldappreciateitifthiswonderfulchancewouldbeofferedtome.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.
Yours,
LiHua
5.【·全国II】假定你是校排球队队长李华。请写封邮件告知你的队友Chris球队近期将参加比赛，内容包括:
1.比赛信息；
379/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
2.赛前准备；
3.表达期待。
注意:
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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【解析】本文要求给你的队友Chris写一封邮件，告知他关于近期参加排球比赛的情况。邮件的主要内容
包括：1. 比赛信息；2. 赛前准备；3. 表达期待。
1.考生在写作的时候，要注意：由于书面表达开放性很强，只为考生提供了一个笼统的写作提纲，因此首
先，要在邮件的开始点明排球比赛的具体信息，可以自己增加一些内容等。其次，写明比赛的赛前准备等。另
外，在邮件中最后表达自己的期望等。
2.时态：以一般将来时为主；3. 人称：第一人称；4. 注意恰当使用一些连词，使文章自然、流畅。5. 适当
使用一些高级句型和词汇以提高作文档次。
同时要灵活运用英语知识，采用不同的表达方式将各要点完整地表述出来，注意主次分明，详略得当。语
言力求准确、简洁。
【参考范文】
DearChris,
I’mwritingtoletyouknowthatwewillhaveavolleyballmatchnextmonth.Thematchwilltakeplaceinour
schoolgymonthemorningofJuly8th.WewillplayagainstateamfromChaoYangHighschool.Forgoodperformance
inthematch,wemustgetfullypreparedandpracticehard.Sostartingmorning,weallneedtotrainfortwohoursafter
schooleveryday.Inaddition,weshouldavoidgettinghurtduringthetrainingandhaveahealthydiettokeepfit.
You’reanexcellentplayer.Withyouontheteam,wehaveeveryhopeofbeatinganotherteam.Let’stryhard
together.
Sincerely,
LiHua
6.【·全国III】假定你是李华，你校将举办音乐节。请写封邮件邀请你的英国朋友Allen参加，内容包括:
1.时间；
2.活动安排；
380/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
3.欢迎他表演节目。
注意:
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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【解析】
随着网络的发展，写电子邮件是中学生经常与朋友沟通的一种方式，这种形式的写作贴近学生生活，使他们
感到熟悉。
考生成文时应注意：1. 要点要齐全：(1)音乐节的时间(2)活动的安排(3)欢迎朋友表演一个节目 2. 时态：以一
般将来时和一般现在时为主；3. 人称：第二人称为主；4. 注意恰当使用一些连词，使文章自然、流畅；5. 适
当使用一些高级句型和词汇以提高作文档次。
【参考范文】
DearAlien,
IamwritingtoinviteyoutoattendtheMusic Festivaltobeheldfrom8：00a.m.to5：00p.m. nextSundayinmy
school.
In order to enrich our after-class life, our school is to organize this festival, which is intended to promote Chinese
traditional folk music as well as enjoy foreign ones. Not only will you appreciate wonderful folk music items like
performancesofErhuandGuzheng,butalsoyoucangive aperformancetousinperson.Ihopeyou canplaythepiano
orsinganEnglishsongforus.
Lookingforwardtoyourcoming.Ipromiseitwillbeafeastforyoureyesandears.
Bestwishes!
Yourssincerely，
381/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【精讲研法】
考点一 记叙文型书面表达
【例】假定你是李华，上周日你班在老师的带领下进行了一次帮助附近的小区清扫、消毒的义务活动。请以A
MeaningfulCleanup为题写一篇英语短文，内容包括:
1.活动时间、地点和目的;
2.活动过程;
3.你的感受。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.短文题目已为你写好。
参考词汇:消毒disinfect(vt.)
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【答案】Onepossibleversion:
AMeaningfulCleanup
Inordertoencourageusstudentstoparticipateinvolunteeractivitiesandpreventvirusspreading,ourclass
organizedameaningfulcleanupinanearbycommunitylastSundaymorning.
Wegatheredontheplaygroundandthenwewalkedinalinetothecommunity.Undertheguidanceofourteachers,
weweredividedintotwogroups.StudentsinGroupOnedidsomecleaning,likesweepingfloorsandmoppingstairs.
Meanwhile,studentsinGroupTwodisinfectedthebuildings.Witheveryone'sefforts,wefinishedthetasksuccessfully.
I'vebenefitedalotfromtheactivity.ItmakesmelearnteamworkandI'verealizedcommunityhealthiscrucialand
thatIcanalsodosomethingworthwhileforourcommunity.
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于记叙文，要求考生以AMeaningfulCleanup为题写一篇英语短文。
第一步：审题
382/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般过去时和少量现在完成时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1.活动时间、地点和目的;
2.活动过程;
3.你的感受。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
encouragesb.todosth.;participatein;organizeameaningfulcleanup;undertheguidanceof;witheveryone'sefforts
divideinto
第三步：连词成句（包含关键句，至少3句）
1.Inordertoencourageusstudentstoparticipateinvolunteeractivitiesandpreventvirusspreading,ourclass
organizedameaningfulcleanupinanearbycommunitylastSundaymorning.
2.Wegatheredontheplaygroundandthenwewalkedinalinetothecommunity.
3.Undertheguidanceofourteachers,weweredividedintotwogroups.
4.StudentsinGroupOnedidsomecleaning,likesweepingfloorsandmoppingstairs.
5.Meanwhile,studentsinGroupTwodisinfectedthebuildings.Witheveryone'sefforts,wefinishedthetask
successfully.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：Firstofall,Firstly/First,Secondly/Second…Andthen,Finally,Intheend,Atlast（供参考）
2.表并列补充关系：Whatismore,Besides,Moreover,Furthermore,InadditionAswellas,notonly…but(also),
including（供参考）
3.表转折对比关系：However,Onthecontrary,but,Although+clause(从句),Inspiteof+n/doing,Ontheonehand…,On
theotherhand…Some…,whileothers…,asfor,so…that…（供参考）
4.表因果关系：Because,As,So,Thus,Therefore,Asaresult（供参考）
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰
【点睛】
[高分句型1]Inordertoencourageusstudentstoparticipateinvolunteeractivitiesandpreventvirusspreading,our
383/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
classorganizedameaningfulcleanupinanearbycommunitylastSundaymorning. （运用Inorderto、participatein
等高级短语，且起到开门见山的作用，使文章更高级）
[高分句型2]ItmakesmelearnteamworkandI'verealizedcommunityhealthiscrucialandthatIcanalsodo
somethingworthwhileforourcommunity.（运用宾语从句，使句子更加高级）
规律方法1：记叙文型书面表达
记叙文是以叙述为主要表达方式，以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体，包括记人、记
事方面的故事、日记、游记、新闻、通讯等。记叙文通常要将时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果这六个要
素交代清楚。通常使用第一人称或第三人称来写，第一人称主要用于写自传或本人的经历，第三人称用于写他
人的经历或事迹。写作时要注意以下几点：
(1)注意不要漏掉信息点，但也不要为了生动而随意添加信息。
(2)信息点的表述不一定完全按照题目所给的顺序，可能要适当重组。要特别注意故事发展的线索和时间顺
序等。
(3)记叙文写作的时态多数用一般过去时，但也要注意灵活运用其他时态。
(4)高考中记叙文的话题通常是与中学生的生活阅历有关，如校园生活、旅游、交通、交友等，因此平时要
注意积累这些方面的词汇。
【变式精练】
你校“英语角”向你约稿，请你用英语介绍上周末你参与的由学校组织的“秋收体验”活动。内容包括：
1.秋收地点及其变化；
2.秋收活动；
3.自己的感悟。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.题目已给出。
TheAutumnHarvestExperience
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Onepossibleversion:
TheAutumnHarvestExperience
Lastweekend,Iwaspleasedtoparticipatein“TheAutumnHarvestExperience”organizedbyourschool.
384/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
Earlyinthemorning,wegatheredatthegateoftheschoolandsetout.Thevillagewewenttowasverypoorand
dirty.Butwhenwearrived,wefounditbeautifulandwell-organized.Wewitnessedtheworkersharvestingcornwitha
machineeffectivelyandanotheronetidyingandploughingthefieldquicklyafterward.Wehelpedpackingthecornand
enjoyedsomefreshanddeliciouscornbeforeleaving.
Throughthisexperience,Iwitnessedthechangeinthevillageandlearnedtheknowledgethattechnologyandhard
workmatterinourlife.
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于记叙文，要求考生给英语角写稿件，介绍由学校组织的“秋收体验”活动。
第一步：审题
体裁：记叙文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般过去时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1. 秋收地点及其变化；
2. 秋收活动；
3. 自己的感悟。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
bepleasedtodo;participatein;setout;harvestcornwithamachine;tidyandploughthefield;packthecorn;through
sth
第三步：连词成句
1.Lastweekend,Iwaspleasedtoparticipatein“TheAutumnHarvestExperience”organizedbyourschool.
2.Earlyinthemorning,wegatheredatthegateoftheschoolandsetout.
3.Wewitnessedtheworkersharvestingcornwithamachineeffectivelyandanotheronetidyingandploughingthefield
quicklyafterward.
4.Wehelpedpackingthecornandenjoyedsomefreshanddeliciouscornbeforeleaving.
5.Throughthisexperience,Iwitnessedthechangeinthevillageandlearnedtheknowledgethattechnologyandhard
workmatterinourlife.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
385/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
表文章时间顺序：atfirst;inthebeginning;intheend;finally(供参考)
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】
[高分句型1]
Lastweekend,Iwaspleasedtoparticipatein“TheAutumnHarvestExperience”organizedbyourschool.(上周末，我
很高兴地参加了学校组织的“秋收体验”活动。)
本句中 “organizedbyourschool”为过去分词做后置定语修饰名词“TheAutumnHarvestExperience”。
[高分句型2]
Throughthisexperience,Iwitnessedthechangeinthevillageandlearnedtheknowledgethattechnologyandhard
workmatterinourlife.( 通过这次经历，我见证了村里的变化，也了解到了技术和努力在我们生活中的重要性。)
本句中“that”引导同位语从句，对之前名词“theknowledge”起到解释说明的作用。
考点二 说明文型基础写作
【例】高中三年，我们不仅仅收获了知识，还参加了很多校园活动。在这些校园活动中，哪一个让你最受益？
请以“Thecampusactivitythatbenefitsmemost”为题写一篇英语短文，参加你校正在组织的英语作文比赛，内容
包括：
1.校园活动的主题；
2.受益的原因或方面。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.题目已为你写好。
Thecampusactivitythatbenefitsmemost
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Thecampusactivitythatbenefitsmemost
Itiswellknownthatmyschoolhasheldalargenumberofactivitiesinthepastthreeyears,whichbenefitsus
studentsalot.
Frommyperspective,themostbeneficialoneis“LongdistanceRunningforLove”organizedbytheStudents
UnionwhenIwasafreshman.AndthemoneycollectedbythisactivityiscontributedtotheProjectHope.Itisreally
386/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
myhonortoparticipatethelongrunning,becauseitbenefitsmegreatlynotonlyinbodybutalsoinmind.
Inconclusion,althoughIhavetakenpartinmanycampusactivities,Ithinktherunningforlovemostbeneficialto
me.AndIamlookingforwardtothatmorewonderfulandmeaningfulactivitieswillbeheldinourcampus.
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于说明文，要求考生以“Thecampusactivitythatbenefitsmemost”为题写一篇英语短文，参加你
校正在组织的英语作文比赛。
第一步：审题
体裁：说明文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时、现在完成时和一般过去时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1.校园活动的主题；
2.受益的原因或方面。
第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）
alargenumberof;benefitalot;fromone’sperspective;beneficial;freshman;contributeto;participate;notonly…but
also…;inconclusion;takepartin;lookforwardto
第三步：连词成句
1.Itiswellknownthatmyschoolhasheldalargenumberofactivitiesinthepastthreeyears,whichbenefitsus
studentsalot.
2.Frommyperspective,themostbeneficialoneis“LongdistanceRunningforLove”organizedbytheStudentsUnion
whenIwasafreshman.
3.AndthemoneycollectedbythisactivityiscontributedtotheProjectHope.
4.Itisreallymyhonortoparticipatethelongrunning,becauseitbenefitsmegreatlynotonlyinbodybutalsoinmind.
5.Inconclusion,althoughIhavetakenpartinmanycampusactivities,Ithinktherunningforlovemostbeneficialto
me.
6.AndIamlookingforwardtothatmorewonderfulandmeaningfulactivitieswillbeheldinourcampus.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：Firstofall,Firstly/First,Secondly/Second,Andthen,Finally,Intheend,Atlast（供参考）
387/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
2.表并列补充关系：notonly…butalso...
3.表转折对比关系：Although+clause(从句)
4.表因果关系：Because
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】
[高分句型1]Itiswellknownthatmyschoolhasheldalargenumberofactivitiesinthepastthreeyears,which
benefitsusstudentsalot.(运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]Itisreallymyhonortoparticipatethelongrunning,becauseitbenefitsmegreatlynotonlyinbodybut
alsoinmind.(运用了because引导原因状语从句)
规律方法2：说明文型基础写作
说明文是用简洁的文字介绍事物的特性、构造、变化、结果的文章。高考中，说明文常见的话题有：产品
介绍、地点描述、方位描写、变化分析、购物指南和操作说明等。近几年的说明文主要是即时性的说明文。写
这类文章需注意以下几点：
(1)首先要读题审题，弄清需要介绍的内容，把握信息要点，不可遗漏也不能添加。
(2)写作内容要条理清楚、层次分明。说明科技方面的内容常用定义法、比较对比法、分类法和因果法等；
说明自然环境方面的内容常用时空次序法和分类法等。
(3)时态常用一般现在时，若是介绍其历史，要用一般过去时； 语态可能用到被动语态； 若是介绍地点环
境等，要善于运用therebe结构。
【变式精练】
目前，全国很多中小学都在课后开展阳光体育活动（Sunshinesports），校报英语专栏也即将推出阳光体育系
列专题“MyFavoriteSports”。请你用英语写一篇文章给校报英语专栏投稿，介绍你最喜欢的一项体育运动，
要点如下：
1. 你最喜欢的运动；
2. 你喜欢该运动的理由。
注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】Amongallthesports,Ihaveapreferencefortabletennis.Igottoknowtabletennisattheageoften,whenI
watchedatabletennismatchonTV.ItwassocompetitivethatIcouldn’tmovemyeyesaway.Fromthenon,Idevoted
myselftolearningit.Tabletennisisanabsolutelyfantasticsport.Apartfromstrengtheningmybody,itcansteelmy
willpoweraswell.AnothermajorfactoristhatitbringsthewholebodyintoactionandImustreactswiftly,whichis
388/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
reallychallenging.Inaddition,tabletennisprovidesmewithmorechancestomakefriendsandtogetherweenjoy
ourselvestotheutmost.TabletennisissoattractivethatIexpectmoreandmorepeoplejoininthefun.
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一篇文章给校报英语专栏投稿，以“MyFavoriteSports”为主题，介绍你
最喜欢的一项体育运动。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为过去时和一般现在时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1. 你最喜欢的运动；
2. 你喜欢该运动的理由。
第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）
haveapreferencefor；devoteoneselfto；apartfrom；bringsthinto；providesbwithsth；enjoyoneselftotheutmost；
joinin
第三步：连词成句
1.Amongallthesports,Ihaveapreferencefortabletennis.
2.Fromthenon,Idevotedmyselftolearningit.
3.Apartfromstrengtheningmybody,itcansteelmywillpoweraswell.
4.AnothermajorfactoristhatitbringsthewholebodyintoactionandImustreactswiftly,whichisreallychallenging.
5.Inaddition,tabletennisprovidesmewithmorechancestomakefriendsandtogetherweenjoyourselvestothe
utmost.
6.TabletennisissoattractivethatIexpectmoreandmorepeoplejoininthefun.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：Firstofall,Firstly/First,Secondly/Second…Andthen,Finally,Intheend,Atlast（供参考）
2.表并列补充关系：Inaddition
3.表转折对比关系：However,Onthecontrary,but,Although+clause(从句),Inspiteof+n/doing,Ontheone
hand…,Ontheotherhand…Some…,whileothers…,asfor,so…that…（供参考）
389/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
4.表因果关系：Because,As,So,Thus,Therefore,Asaresult （供参考）
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】
[高分句型1]：Igottoknowtabletennisattheageoften,whenIwatchedatabletennismatchonTV.这句话运用了
when引导的时间状语从句。
[高分句型2]：AnothermajorfactoristhatitbringsthewholebodyintoactionandImustreactswiftly,whichisreally
challenging.这句话运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
[高分句型3]：TabletennisissoattractivethatIexpectmoreandmorepeoplejoininthefun. 这句话运用了so…
that…引导结果状语从句。
考点三 应用文型书面表达
【例】你校正在组织英语演讲比赛。请你以“Themomentthatmovedme”为题，写一篇英语演讲稿参赛，内容包
括:
1.感动你的瞬间；
2.感动你的原因。
注意:
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已为你写好。
Themomentthatmovedme
Ladiesandgentlemen,
I'mhonoredtostandhereandpresentmyspeech.
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thanksforyourlistening!
【答案】Themomentthatmovedme
Ladiesandgentlemen,
I’mhonoredtostandhereandpresentmyspeech.Everyonemusthaveexperiencedatouchingmoment,andI’d
liketoshareminewithyou.
390/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
Itwasarainysummerafternoonseveralmonthsago.Iwasgoinghomebybusafterschool.Itwastherushhour,
sotherewasheavytrafficontheroad.Agreatnumberofcarsandbuseswerewaitinginline.Suddenlyourbusdriver
rushedout.Herantoanoldladywhowasstrugglingtocrosstheroadslowly.Allthepassengersandcarswerewaiting
patientlywithoutanycomplaintswhilethedriverwashelpingtheoldladycrosstheroadsafely.Whatatouching
moment!
Ifeveryonecaresforothers,wewillliveinaharmoniousworldfulloflove,whichbenefitsusall!
Thanksforyourlistening！
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以“Themomentthatmovedme”为题，写一篇英语演讲稿，参加学校正在组
织英语演讲比赛。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般过去时和过去进行时以及少量一般现在时、一般将来时等。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1. 感动你的瞬间；
2. 感动你的原因。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
atouchingmoment;sharewithyou;arainysummerafternoon;therushhour;heavytrafficontheroad;waitinline;bus
driver;runtoanoldladywhowasstrugglingtocrosstheroad;waitingpatientlywithoutanycomplaints;carefor
others;aharmoniousworldfulloflove
第三步：连词成句
1.Everyonemusthaveexperiencedatouchingmoment,andI’dliketoshareminewithyou.
2.Itwasarainysummerafternoonseveralmonthsago.
3.Itwastherushhour,sotherewasheavytrafficontheroad.
4.Agreatnumberofcarsandbuseswerewaitinginline.
5.Suddenlyourbusdriverrushedout.
6.Herantoanoldladywhowasstrugglingtocrosstheroadslowly.
7.Allthepassengersandcarswerewaitingpatientlywithoutanycomplaintswhilethedriverwashelpingtheoldlady
391/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
crosstheroadsafely.
8.Ifeveryonecaresforothers,wewillliveinaharmoniousworldfulloflove,whichbenefitsusall!
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表并列补充关系：and
2.表因果关系：so
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
【点睛】
[高分句型1]Herantoanoldladywhowasstrugglingtocrosstheroadslowly.(who引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]Ifeveryonecaresforothers,wewillliveinaharmoniousworldfulloflove,whichbenefitsusall!(条件
状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
规律方法3：应用文型基础写作
应用文是指在日常生活和工作中为某种具体的实用目的而写的文体，主要有书信、通知、海报、演讲稿、
倡议书、请柬、请假条、便条、日记、启事、祝辞、履历表等。应用文的语言力求平实、准确、简洁。由于应
用文的使用广泛而频繁，其表达的内容结构严谨、易于理解掌握，所以写作时要注意以下几点：
(1)正式的应用文有比较规范的格式，但高考中的基础写作至今尚未考查过格式，只要求准确地表达正文内容。
(2)注意时态，如日记常用过去时态，通知、请柬通常要用将来时态，而履历表用现在时态。
(3)应用文的写作往往有一些特定的习惯语句或套话，这些语句在考试中可能会被考查到，所以要重点掌握。
【变式精练】
假设你是学生会主席李华，你校将于4月23日举行“Let’sReadAloud”的朗读活动。请给你校美国交换生David
写一封e-mail，询问他是否感意参加。要点如下：
1.活动时间、地点和意义
2.活动内容：自选400字左右文章参加朗读
3.回复时间：2021年4月20前
注意：词数100左右；开头和结尾语已给出，不计入总词数。
DearDavid,
IamLiHun,ChairmanoftheStudents’Union.
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
392/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Onepossibleversion.
DearDavid,
IamLiHua,ChairmanoftheStudents’Union.I’mwritingtoaskwhetheryouaregladtoparticipateinareading
activityentitled“Let’sReadAloud”,whichwillbeheldonApril23thinthelecturehall.Everyparticipantisrequiredto
prepareanessayofabout400wordsforreadingaloud.
Reflectingonourbadreadinghabits,wedecidetohostthiseventtoarouseourpassionforreadingaloud.When
readingaloud,wefindourselvessotouchedandimmersedinthebeautyoflanguageandwecanpreciselyconveyour
deepestfeelings.Moreover,itisreadingaloudthatprovidesawonderfulchancetoimproveourlanguageproficiency
especiallyforuslanguagelearners.
Ifyouareinterested,couldyoupleasereplybeforeApril20th?Lookingforwardtoyourearlyresponse.
Yourssincerely.
LiHua
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给美国交换生David写一封e-mail，询问他是否感意参加学校举行“Let’s
ReadAloud”的朗读活功。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1.活动时间、地点和意义
2.活动内容：自选400字左右文章参加朗读
3.回复时间：2021年4月20前
第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）
begladto;participatein;berequiredto;reflecton;decideto;provide…for…;lookforwardto
第三步：连词成句
1.I’mwritingtoaskwhetheryouaregladtoparticipateinareadingactivityentitled“Let’sReadAloud”,whichwillbe
393/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
heldonApril23thinthelecturehall.
2.Everyparticipantisrequiredtoprepareanessayofabout400wordsforreadingaloud.
3.Reflectingonourbadreadinghabits,wedecidetohostthiseventtoarouseourpassionforreadingaloud.
4.Moreover,itisreadingaloudthatprovidesawonderfulchancetoimproveourlanguageproficiencyespeciallyforus
languagelearners.
5.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyresponse.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）（供参考）
1.表文章结构顺序：Firstofall,Firstly/First,Secondly/Second…Andthen,Finally,Intheend,Atlast
2.表并列补充关系：Whatismore,Besides,Moreover,Furthermore,InadditionAswellas,notonly…but(also),
including,
3.表转折对比关系：However,Onthecontrary,but,Although+clause(从句),Inspiteof+n/doing,Ontheone
hand…,Ontheotherhand…Some…,whileothers…,asfor,so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because,As,So,Thus,Therefore,Asaresult
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】
[高分句型1]I’mwritingtoaskwhetheryouaregladtoparticipateinareadingactivityentitled“Let’sReadAloud”,
whichwillbeheldonApril23thinthelecturehall.这句话运用了宾语从句和关系代词which引导的非限制性定语
从句。
[高分句型2]Reflectingonourbadreadinghabits,wedecidetohostthiseventtoarouseourpassionforreadingaloud.
这句话运用了现在分词作状语。
[高分句型3]Ifyouareinterested,couldyoupleasereplybeforeApril20th? 这句话运用了if引导的条件状语从句。
考点四 议论文型基础写作
【上海高三】
图画作文
394/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
（·上海高三）
Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.
请认真观察这幅图片，然后结合自己的生活实际写一篇发言稿，在班会上与同学们分享你对该现象的思考。你
的作文中必须包括:
1、 简述图片内容；
2、 分析产生这一现象的原因；
3、 谈谈你的看法。
注意:作文中不得出现你本人的姓名、班级及学校等真实信息；
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Asisshowninthepicture,withthepopularityofInternet,moreandmorepeoplerelyontheInternetandsmart
mobilephones,whichcausemanytofloodintotheplaceswithfreeWIFI,whilethepubliclibraryisseldomvisitedby
them.
So,howdoesithappen?Firstly,withthehelpofinformationtechnology,wecanlookthroughdifferentkindsof
informationonourgadgets,text,pictures,videosandsomethinglikethat.Soitisveryeasytospendtoomuchtimeand
energyonitwithoutnoticingit.What’smore,moreandmoremobilephoneuserstakeadvantageoftheirsmart
equipmenttoreadandstudy,whichmeanstheycanreadandstudyanywhereandanytime.
However,theknowledgefromthemobilegadgetsistrivial,butthesystematicknowledgecontributestoourbetter
understandingofsomething.Allinall,wecan’tignorethepoweroflibrarymore.
【解析】
本文属于看图写作作文，时态用一般现在时，本文主要要点如下：①描述图片内容，越来愈多的人集中在免费
WIFI的地方，而图书馆去的人寥寥无几。这也可以的出几个原因：② 第一个，互联网和智能手机的发展，人
们有更丰富的娱乐资源用来消磨时间，大量的时间和精力就被消磨在手机上了；③第二，在手机上和互联网上
学习变得越来越流行，因此很多人不必去图书馆。④ 但是我们应该要看到，手机的信息多是碎片化信息，系统
知识还是需要借助纸质书籍，因此不可忽视图书馆的作用。
第二步：根据关键要点，确定关键词，informationtechnology（信息技术），mobilephoneuser（s 手机用户），systematic
395/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
knowledge（系统知识）等。
第三步：根据提示及关键词进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题以及句子结构完整。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，使之自然流畅，书写一定要规范清晰，
保持整洁美观的卷面。
【点睛】
本篇范文结构清晰，内容完整，过渡衔接严谨自然，符合看图作文的要求，其中不乏亮点句型。
非限制性定语从句的使用Asisshowninthepicture,withthepopularityofInternet,moreandmorepeoplerelyon
theInternetandsmartmobilephones,whichcausemanytofloodintotheplaceswithfreeWIFI,whilethepublic
libraryisseldomvisitedbythem.
It作形式主语Soitisveryeasytospendtoomuchtimeandenergyonitwithoutnoticingit.
规律方法4：议论文型基础写作
议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，以表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种
文体。议论文有三要素，即论点、论据和论证。论点的基本要求是：观点正确、概括得当、有实际意义，能恰
当地综合运用各种表达方式； 论据的基本要求是：真实可靠、充分典型； 论证的基本要求是：推理必须符合
逻辑。议论文的写作要注意以下几点：(1)准确找出论点、论据及其之间的相互关系，即找出要点。 (2)合理安
排材料的顺序，即论点、论据和结论之间的表述方式。(3)注意文章的时态、语态等。议论文通常用一般现在时，
但叙述过去的事实时，应用过去时态； 预测将来的事情时，要用将来时态。议论文也经常使用被动语态； 有
时假设一种虚拟情况时，还需要用虚拟语气。
【变式精练】（·湖北省高三）你校美国交换生 Clement很喜欢中华成语故事，看到下面的图片，想了解关于
此图片的具体信息，请你用英语给他写一篇短文。内容包括：
1. 描述画面；
2. 概述其含义；
3. 谈谈个人感想。
注意：
396/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Asyoucansee,inthepicture,anoldmanalongwithhisfamilyisbreakinguprocksandcarryingtheearth.
Theyaretryingtoremovethemountainsstandingnearhishome.
Thestory,fromanancientChineseidom,goeslikethis:onceuponatime,therelivedanoldmanwhowasnearly
90yearsold.Hishomefacedtwohighmountains,makingitinconvenientforhimandhisfamilytogetaround.
Troubledbythegreatinconvenience,theoldmandiscussedwithhisfamilyanddecidedtoremovethemountains
whichblockedtheway.Theykeptmovingthemdayafterday.
Ofcourse,thingsaretotallydifferenttoday.Withsocietydeveloping,wecanbuildaroadortunnelratherthan
removethemountains.Butwhatisreflectedinthestorycounts.Ittellsusthatwhateverdifficultywemeet,weshould
nevergiveup.Ifwedon’thavethecourageanddeterminationtoovercomeeverydifficulty,nothingwillbe
accomplished.
【解析】
这是一篇图画作文。
第一步：审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。第一，1. 描述画面；2. 概
述其含义；3. 谈谈个人感想。第二，人称用第三人称，兼用第一人称。第三，时态为一般现在时和一般过去时。
第二步：布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为三段。第一段，描述画面。第
二段，概述其含义。第三段，谈谈个人感想。
第三步：确定关键词汇和短语:ancient ，face，inconvenient，encourage,determination,breakuprocksandcarrythe
earth，removethemountains，getaround，decidetodosth,blocktheway,keepdoingsth,buildaroad,giveup,
overcomeeverydifficulty,accomplish。
第四步：确定较为高级的句子:现在分词作伴随状语Hishomefacedtwohighmountains,makingitinconvenientfor
himandhisfamilytogetaround.过去分词作原因状语和which引导的定语从句 Troubledbythegreat
inconvenience,theoldmandiscussedwithhisfamilyanddecidedtoremovethemountainswhichblockedtheway.
what引导的主语从句whatisreflectedinthestorycounts.that引导的宾语从句和whatever 引导的让步状语从句It
397/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
tellsusthatwhateverdifficultywemeet,weshouldnevergiveup.if引导的条件状语从句 Ifwedon’thavethe
courageanddeterminationtoovercomeeverydifficulty,nothingwillbeaccomplished。
第五步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接:Ofcourse，But 。
第六步：注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。
专题 新高考应用文写作
11
【构建知识体系】
考点1 邀请信
考点2 建议信
考点3 申请信
应用文写作 考点4 通知
考点5 演讲稿
考点6 倡议书
考点7 新闻报道
【考纲解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
要求考生根据所给
情景，用英语写一
根据提示进行书面表
篇 80 个单词左右 书面表达的评分标准：1.信息内容的完整性
达。考生应能：
的短文。文章要求 (Completeness)；2.信息内容的连贯性(Coherence)
（1）准确使用语法和
能用准确的语言， ；3.句子结构的正确性(Correctness)；4.句子结构的复
词汇；（2）使用一定的句
表达基本的日常生 杂性(Variety)。5.注意词数60---100之间。
型、词汇，清楚、连贯地
活的事物。语言要
表达自己的思想。
简洁，准确，内容
完整。
【剖析全国高考真题】
398/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
应用文写作
1.【浙江1月】假定你是李华，下周有新西兰学生访问你校，你将作为学生代表致欢迎辞。请为此写一篇 发言
稿，内容包括：
1. 表示欢迎；
2. 介绍活动安排；
3. 表达祝愿。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】Distinguishedguests:
Onbehalfofourschool,Iwouldliketoconveymysincerewelcomeforyourvisiting.
Atfirst,itisofsignificancetofullyunderstandtheschool.Asscheduled,allofyouwillvisitthemuseum,which
containsthesplendidhistoryofourschool.Furthermore,ourclassesareworthyofbeingattended,becauseyoucan
appreciatethedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternteachingmethods.Afterthat,itisatcanteenthatyoucanhave
aspeciallunchwithourstudents.
Asmentionedabove,Iextremelyexpectyourcoming.Mayyouhaveanunforgettableexperience.94
【解析】
本文是一篇应用文，要求考生写一篇发言稿，向即将到校的新西兰学生致欢迎辞。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1．表示欢迎；
2．介绍活动安排；
3．表达祝愿。
399/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
onbehalfof;wouldliketo;convey;sincerewelcome;beofsignificance;splendid;beworthyof;appreciate;teaching
methods;canteen;extremelyexpect;unforgettable
第三步：连词成句
1.Onbehalfofourschool,Iwouldliketoconveymysincerewelcomeforyourvisiting.
2.Atfirst,itisofsignificancetofullyunderstandtheschool.
3.Asscheduled,allofyouwillvisitthemuseum,whichcontainsthesplendidhistoryofourschool.
4.Furthermore,ourclassesareworthyofbeingattended,becauseyoucanappreciatethedifferencesbetweenChinese
andwesternteachingmethods.
5.Afterthat,itisatcanteenthatyoucanhaveaspeciallunchwithourstudents.
6.Asmentionedabove,Iextremelyexpectyourcoming.
7.Mayyouhaveanunforgettableexperience.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：atfirst
2.表并列补充关系：Furthermore
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】
[高分句型1]Asscheduled,allofyouwillvisitthemuseum,whichcontainsthesplendidhistoryofourschool.(运用
了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]Afterthat,itisatcanteenthatyoucanhaveaspeciallunchwithourstudents.(运用了强调句型)
2.【·浙江卷】假定你是李华，你校来自爱尔兰的外教Peter因病回国休假。请给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括:1.
询问近况；2. 分享班级最新消息；3. 表达祝愿。
注意:1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
400/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文1】DearPeter,
Iamsorrytohearthatyouhavegonebackhomeonsickleave.Howareyoufeelingnow?
Ihopemygoodnewsforyouwillsweepawaytheshadowofdisease.Lastmonth,anEnglishfestivalwasheldin
ourschool,andourclassperformedasongwhichyoutaughtusatthefestival.Assoonaswefinishedthesong,allthe
audiencegaveuswarmapplause.Ifonlyyouhadbeenthere.
Weallmissyouverymuchandwishyouaquickandcompleterecovery.
Yours,
LiHua
【参考范文2】
DearPeter,
Hearing the news that you’re ill and you have returned to Ireland, I feel very sorry. I’m wondering whether you
haverecoveredfromyoursickness.Therefore,Iamwritingtoyoutoshowmyconcernforyourhealth.
Through your tireless work, all of us have achieved much progress in English study, especially in speaking.
What’s more, with the approaching of Gaokao, we are making full preparations for it. I believe in the near future, you
willgetourgoodnewsandwewillliveuptoyouexpectations.
WedosincerelyhopethatyouwillgainhealthsoonandwearealsoexpectingyourearlyreturntoChina.
Yours,
LiHua
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，向因病假回国休假的外教老师询问近况，分享消息和表达祝
愿。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时和一般现在时。
结构：三段式结构。第一段询问近况；第二段告知班级消息；第三段表达祝愿。
要求：1.询问近况（Howareyoufeelingnow?）
2.告知班级消息（mygoodnews;performedasongwhichyoutaughtus）
3.表达祝愿（wishyouaquickandcompleterecovery）
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
besorrytodo;onsickleave;sweepaway;assoonas;givesb.warmapplause;recovery
第三步：连词成句
401/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
1.Iamsorrytohearthatyouhavegonebackhomeonsickleave.
2.Ihopemygoodnewsforyouwillsweepawaytheshadowofdisease.
3.Assoonaswefinishedthesong,alltheaudiencegaveuswarmapplause.
4.Weallmissyouverymuchandwishyouaquickandcompleterecovery.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】
范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。
1.作者在范文中使用了主从复合句，如：
Iamsorrytohearthatyouhavegonebackhomeonsickleave.( 听说你请病假回家了，我很难过。)这句话运用了
that 引导宾语从句。
Lastmonth,anEnglishfestivalwasheldinourschool,andourclassperformedasongwhichyoutaughtusatthe
festival.(上个月，我们学校举办了英语节，我们班在节上表演了一首您教我们的歌曲。)这句话运用了which引
导限制性定语从句。
Assoonaswefinishedthesong,alltheaudiencegaveuswarmapplause.(我们一唱完这首歌，所有的观众都给了我
们热烈的掌声。)这句话中assoonas引导时间状语从句。
2.使用了一些固定词组，如besorrytodo;onsickleave;sweepaway;assoonas;givesb.warmapplause等。
全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换
自然，为文章增色添彩。
3.【·全国新高考II山东卷】假定你是李华, 上周日你校举办了5公里越野赛跑活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报
道, 内容包括：
1. 参加人员：
2. 跑步路线：从校门口到南山脚下：
3. 活动反响。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右：
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
402/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
ACross-CountryRunningRace
【参考范文1】
ACross-CountryRunningRace
LastSundaywitnessedanextraordinarycross-countryrunningrace,which nearlydrewtheattention ofeverystudent
andteacherofourschool.
The students selected from every class took part in the competition. The route measured five kilometers, from our
schoolgatetothefootofNanshanMountain.Everyrunnertriedtheirbesttofinishthetask, withtheirclassmatesalong
thewaygivingthemnecessarilyhelpaswellasencouragement.Atlast,alltherunnersmanagedtoarrivethefinishline,
receivingcheersfromallthedirections.
The activity was highly spoken of, because not only did it provide chance for us to exercise, but also made us more
cohesive.110
【参考范文2】
Last Sunday witnessed a Cross-country Running Race held by our school. Joining in it were teachers and students
from different grades, all of whom made it to the destination successfully despite the scorching heat and the rugged
road. The whole journey covered five miles from the school gate to the foot of the south mountain . Surprisingly,
exercise routine as it was, the race received an immediate and warm welcome in that it not only strengthened one’s
healthbutalsowasagreattestofhisstamina.
【参考范文3】
ACross-CountryRunningRace
ACross-Country5000-metrerace,partoftheSportsFestivalofourschool,washeldbytheschoolstudents’union
last Sunday. 150 participants from three grades were involved in the race. Among the most of the participants were
students and teaching staff.The racing route started atthe schoolgate andended at the footof the South Hill. It turned
outtobeagreatsuccess.Notonlydoesitbuildupourbodybutitalsoenrichesourschoollife.
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。本篇要求考生就上周日学校举行的5公里越野赛活动写一篇新闻报道。
体裁：应用文
403/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
时态：根据提示，时态应以一般过去时为主
结构：总分总
要求：
1. 参加人员
2. 跑步路线
3. 活动反响
第二步：列提纲（重点词组）
attend/witness/drawone’sattention/managetodosth./measure/speakhighlyof/providesth.forsb.
第三步：连词成句
1.Last Sunday witnessed an extraordinary cross-country running race, which nearly drew the attention of every student
andteacherofourschool.
2.Thestudentsselectedfromeveryclasstookpartinthecompetition.
3.Theroutemeasuredfivekilometers,fromourschoolgatetothefootofNanshanMountain.
4.Everyrunnertried theirbesttofinishthetask,withtheirclassmatesalongthewaygivingthemnecessaryhelpaswell
asencouragement.
5.Atlast,alltherunnersmanagedtoarrivethefinishline,receivingcheersfromallthedirections.
6.The activity is highly spoken of, because not only does it provide chance for us to exercise, but also makes us more
cohesive.
第四步：连句成篇（加入衔接词或从句）
表示并列的连词：and/but/or/so…
状语从句连词：because/if/though/although…
定语从句连词：which/that/when/where…
第五步：修改润色（加入高级词汇或短语）
【点睛】
范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中
使用了一些高分举行，例如：LastSundaywitnessedanextraordinarycross-countryrunningrace,whichnearlydrew
the attention of every student and teacher of our school. 中 which 引导非限制性定语从句；The activity is highly
thoughtof,becausenotonlydoesitprovide chanceforustoexercise, butalsomakes usmorecohesive.中使用了部分
倒装。
404/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【精讲研法】
应用文写作：考点1邀请信
假定你是李华，你校要举办中文诗词大赛(ChinesePoetryContest)你的英国学生Michael对中国传统文化很感兴，
请给他写封邮件邀请他参赛，内容包括：
1. 报名方式
2. 比赛要求
3. 期待交流
注意：
1.词数80左右
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答
【参考范文】
DearMichael,
I’m glad to tell you our school is going to hold the Chinese Poetry Contest, whose aim is to arouse the foreign
students’ interest in Chinese culture and popularize Chinese poetry. Therefore, I suppose it is a good opportunity for
you.
Firstly, you should hand in the application to your teacher before the deadline. Miss the deadline, and you will
completely miss this competition.Besides, plentyof details shouldbeconsidered,suchas your self-introductionandso
on.Ifyouwanttoachieveagoodresult,youneedmakepreparationsinadvance.
Ihopewecanhaveagoodcompetition.Mayyouhaveasuccess.101
Yours,
LiHua
规律方法1：
1.段首常用语:
(1)Iamwritingtoinviteyouto…
Yours,
LiHua
【参考范文】
DearAdam,
Iamwritingtoinviteyoutojoinintheread-and-shareactivitybyourschoolreadingclub.
Theactivity isto beheldinthelecture hallat3p.m. nextWednesday.It is intendedtoawake thestudents’interest
405/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
inEnglishliteratureandbroadentheirmind.Intheactivity,theclubmemberswilltaketheirturnstosharetheirfavorite
classicEnglishbooksandsomeeffectivereadingmethods.
WesincerelyhopethatyoucanjoinusandgiveussomeguidanceonEnglishreading.85
Yours,
LiHua
应用文写作：考点2建议信
假定你是李华，你的留学生好友Tina发邮件说想要参加学校举行的中文歌曲大赛，特询问你的意见。请你回复
邮件，内容包括：
1. 表示支持；
2. 给出准备建议；
3. 表达希望。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
DearTina,
I’mgladtohearthatyouareinterestedintheChineseSingingContesttobeheldinourschool.Inmyopinion,you
shouldparticipateinit.
Firstly, you are supposed to choose the songs you are familiar with. In this way, you will be confident about
yourself. Besides, it is a good idea to know your strengths and weaknesses so that you can make improvements on
Chinesesongs.Finally,youcanturntoyourmusicteacherforhelp, whocangiveyousomeadvice.
Ihopeyoufindmyadviceusefulandyoucanperformwellinthecompetition.102
Yours,
LiHua
规律方法2：
1.段首常用语:
(1)Iamwritingtoexpressmyviewsconcerning…
(2)Youhaveaskedformyadviceabout…andIwilltrytomakesomesuggestions.
2.表达建议常用语:
(1)Ithinkthemostsuitable…foryouis…
(2)Iwouldliketosuggestthat…
406/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
(3)You dbetter…/It sbetterto…
(4)AsfarasIamconcerned…/Inmyopinion…
(5)Foronething…;foranother…
(6)IfIwereyou,Iwould…
(7)Itseemstomethatyoucould…
3.段尾常用语:
(1)Ithinkitwouldbemorebeneficialifyoucould…
(2)Ibelieveyouwilltakemyadviceintoaccount/consideration.
(3)Ihopeyouwillfindtheseproposals/suggestionspractical/useful/helpful.
(4)Iwillbemorethanhappytoseeimprovementsinthisregard.
(5)Iwillbereadyfordiscussingthismatterintofurtherdetails.
【黄金模板】
建议信格式模板:
Dear ,
I am .Your collection of suggestions on is . As is known to
all, .Mysuggestionsareasfollows:
Firstly, .(Peoplecan .)
Secondly, .(Tomakeeconomicprofits, .)
Thirdly, .(Manyofthem .)
I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you into further
details./Yourkindconsiderationofmysuggestionswillbehighlyappreciated.
Goodluckwithyour .
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
【变式精讲】
假定你是李华，你的朋友Lynn最近很苦恼，因为不善于表达，与同学交流出现诸多问题。请你给她回一封信，
内容包括:
1.表达安慰；
2.分析现状
3.提出建议。
注意:1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
DearLynn，
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
LiHua
407/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【参考范文】
DearLynn,
Sorry to learn that you are having trouble in communicating with your classmates, I’m writing to give you a
helpinghand.
I quite understand your depression, since it is quite common for a shy student like you to have difficulty
associatingwith others.Probably,yourclassmatesjustfeelunsurewhetheryou’reinterestedintheir topics.Tohelpyou
out, I highly suggest you step out of comfortable zone and take an active part in after-class activities where you can
naturallyestablishacloserrelationshipandfindcommontalkingmaterials.
Hopefully,youcanfindyourproblemsolvedsoon!97
Yours,
LiHua.
应用文写作：考点3申请信
假定你是李华，2022北京冬奥组委会正在招募志愿者，其职责为接待各国运动员及宣传中国文化，组委会要求
志愿者能够熟练运用英语，请你用英文写一封申请信。
内容包括：1. 申请原因。2. 你的优势。3. 相关经历。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【参考范文】
DearSirorMadam,
I’mwritingtoapplytobeavolunteerforBeijing2022WinterOlympicGames.
I’m convinced that I’m well qualified for the position. First, I have a good command of oral English, which
enables me to communicate with others freely. What’s more, I have some relevant work experience, working as a
volunteer for years at international football and basketball games. I regard it a great opportunity and a privilege to
introduceChinatoforeignfriendsinmyownway.
Anyfavorableconsiderationofmyapplicationwouldbehighlyappreciated.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.94
Yours,
LiHua
规律方法3：
1.说明应聘原因常用语:
(1)Ilearnedfromsb/thenewspaperthatyourcompanywantedtohire…
(2)Iwastoldthat…
(3)Ihavejustreadinthenewspaperthat…
408/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
(4)Iamwritingtoinquireopportunitiesfor…
2.介绍个人简历和优势常用语 :
(1)NowI’dliketointroducemyselftoyou.
(2)Mynameis…I’m…yearsold.I’m…cmtall.
(3)Igraduatedfrom…Universityin…
(4)Ilikeswimming,singinganddancinginmysparetime.
(5)IworkhardandIcangetalong/onwellwithothers.
(6)I’mgoodatEnglishandmyspokenEnglishisfairlygood.
(7)IcanunderstandJapaneseandIcantalktoforeignersinJapanesefreely.
(8)Iamcurrentlystudying…
(9)Iwouldbeinterestedin…
(10)Mymainspecialtyis…
3.表示感谢,表达决心,请求答复并提供联系方式常用语:
(1)Thankyouverymuch.
(2)Thankyouforyourconsiderationofmyapplication.
(3)Ifyouagreewithme,I’llworkhardandtrytobea(n)…
(4)Iamavailableforaninterview…
(5)Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.
(6)Ifyouagreewithme,pleasewritealettertomeorphoneme.Iliveat…
(7)Mytelephonenumberis…
【黄金模板】
申请信格式模板:
DearSir/Madam,
I am writing this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in (报纸名称) on
(广告发布时间).
I am from .As a(n) ,I have been .Besides, I won
in .Ifyouconsidermeappropriateforthejob,pleasecallmeat .
Iwillappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldgivemeanearlyreply./Thankyouforconsideringmyapplication,andI
amlookingforwardtomeetingyou.
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
【变式精讲】
假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：
1.写信目的；
2.个人优势；
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
展览exhibition；美术馆artgallery
409/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【参考范文】
DearSir/Madam,
I'mLiHua,aChinesehighschoolseniorcurrentlystudyinginLondon.Hearingthatthelocalartgalleryishosting
a Chinese painting exhibition, I'm writing to apply to be a volunteer for the event. To begin with, I'm a big fan of
traditional Chinese painting, and therefore I'm capable of offering visitors detailed explanations on the anecdotes of
famous Chinese painters. Secondly, with a good command of English, I can overcome the language barrier, which
allowsmetocommunicatesmoothlywithBritishpaintinglovers.
Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldtakemyapplicationintoconsideration.97
Yourssincerely,
LiHua
应用文写作：考点4通知
近期你校将举办英语听力竞赛，请用英文给你校英语俱乐部成员写一则通知，内容包括：
1.竞赛信息；
2.表达期待。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
NOTICE
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
EnglishClub
【参考范文】
NOTICE
Inordertostimulate anactiveroleinlearningEnglish,anEnglishlisteningcontestisgoingtobeorganizedin the
schoolhallonOctober10th.Wehopeallofyoutakeanactivepart.
There will be 12 teams competing for the contest, which will begin at9:00 am and end at11:45 am.Youcan sign
upatourschoolwebsite.You’dbetterprepareforitaheadoftime,suchaspracticinglisteningbyyourself.
Atlast,IhopeeveryteamwillarrivethereontimeandgetagoodmarktomakegreatprogressinEnglish.98
EnglishClub
410/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
规律方法4：
1.段首常用语:
(1)MayIhave/callyourattention,please?
(2)Attention,please,everybody!
(3)Ihaveanannouncementtomake.
(4)Ihavesomethingtotellyou.
2.段中常用语:
(1)Therewillbeatalkthisafternoon.
(2)TheStudents’Unionhasdecidedthat…
(3)Weshallhavealectureon…
(4)Ithasbeendecidedthatwe’llpayavisitto…
3.段尾常用语:
(1)Pleasebethereontimeanddon’tbelate.
(2)Ihopeyoucanhaveagoodtime.
(3)That’sall.Thankyou.
书面通知格式模板:
Notice
In order to , is to be held on (date), at (time) in
(place).Whoever isinterestedinitiswelcome toattend .Thosewhowanttotakepartin ,
pleasesignupattheStudents’Union.
Pleaseremember: .
Students’Union
April1st,
口头通知格式模板:
Ladiesandgentlemen,
Yourattention,please.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.
具体内容:
Pleaseremember:Time:
Place:
Thankyouforlistening.
411/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【变式精讲】
你受学生会委托，为学校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则英文通知。为弘扬女排精神，请大家观看电影《夺冠》(英文
名Leap)。通知内容应包括：
1．放映时间、地点。
2．内容简介：中国女排三代人的奋斗历程以及他们顽强拼搏，为国争光的感人故事。
3．观看后写影评。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：影评filmreview
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Notice
InordertocarryforwardtheSpiritofChineseWomenVolleyballTeam,afantasticmoviewillbeshowninthe
schoolhallfrom7:00to9:15ontheEveningofOctober1st.ItisorganizedbytheStudentUnion.Herearesome
relevantdetailsaboutit.
Tobeginwith,themovie,whosenameisLeap,isaboutthestruggleofthreegenerations,competingforthehonor
ofourcountry.Asweallexpect,itwillbenotonlyexcitingbutalsoinspiring.What’smore,everyonewillberequired
towriteafilmreviewafterenjoyingthemovie.
TheStudentUnion
Octoberlst,
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为学校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则关于为弘扬女排精神，请大家观看电影《夺
冠》(英文名Leap)的英文通知。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般将来时和一般现在时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
412/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
1．放映时间、地点。
2．内容简介：中国女排三代人的奋斗历程以及他们顽强拼搏，为国争光的感人故事。
3．观看后写影评。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
Inorderto;carryforward;theSpiritof;ChineseWomenVolleyballTeam;fantastic;October1st;organize;theStudent
Union;relevantdetails;tobeginwith;struggle;generations;honor;expect;exciting;inspiring;What’smore;requireto
do;filmreview.
第三步：连词成句
1.InordertocarryforwardtheSpiritofChineseWomenVolleyballTeam,afantasticmoviewillbeshownintheschool
hallfrom7:00to9:15ontheEveningofOctober1st.
2.ItisorganizedbytheStudentUnion.
3.Herearesomerelevantdetailsaboutit.
4.Tobeginwith,themovie,whosenameisLeap,isaboutthestruggleofthreegenerations,competingforthehonorof
ourcountry.
5.Asweallexpect,itwillbenotonlyexcitingbutalsoinspiring.
6.What’smore,everyonewillberequiredtowriteafilmreviewafterenjoyingthemovie.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：Tobeginwith,What’smore
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】
[高分句型1]Tobeginwith,themovie,whosenameisLeap,isaboutthestruggleofthreegenerations,competingfor
thehonorofourcountry.(由whose引导定语从句作插入语。)
[高分句型2]Asweallexpect,itwillbenotonlyexcitingbutalsoinspiring.(由As引导定语从句。)
应用文写作：考点5 演讲稿
假定你是李华，报名参加学校“BeSporty,BeHealthy”为主题的演讲比赛。请你写一份英文演讲稿。内容包括：
1.问题：因学业紧张，疏于活动；
2.建议：要合理安排，正常锻炼。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右，文章标题和首尾句已给出，不计入总词数；
413/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
BeSporty,BeHealthy
Hello,everyone!
Ifeelhonoredtobeheretotalktoyouonexercise.
________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’sall.Thankyou.
【参考范文】
BeSporty,BeHealthy
Hello,everyone!
I feel honored to be here to talk to you on exercise. We students are heavily burdened with school work, and thus
sparelittletimeforregularphysicalexercise.
However,weallneedasoundbody.SoIsuggestwefitexerciseintoourbusyschedule,makingitpartofourdaily
routine. Put down our books to stretch our arms from time to time. Do some jogging and jumping every day. If we are
abletomakeexercisingourlifehabit,wewillsurelybenefitfromitbothphysicallyandmentally.
That’sall.Thankyou.(80W)
规律方法5：
1.欢迎致辞常用语:
(1)Wearegladtohaveachancetogettogetherwith…
(2)Wefeelgreatlyhonouredtohaveachancetobewith…
(3)Let sgiveourwarmwelcometo…
(4)Thankyouforyouracceptingourinvitationtocometo…
(5)Firstofall,allowmeonbehalfof…todo…
(6)Nowletusasksbtospeaktous.
2.欢送致辞常用语:
(1)Inbiddingfarewelltosb…
(2)Toconveyourprofoundfriendshiptosb…
(3)Toconveyourbestregardsandrespecttosb…
(4)Towishsbapleasantjourneyhomeandgoodhealth…
(5)Maythefriendshipbetween…befurtherdeveloped!【变式精讲】
[2021·浙江1月考]
414/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
假定你是李华，下周有新西兰学生访问你校，你将作为学生代表致欢迎辞。请为此写一篇 发言稿，内容包括：
1. 表示欢迎；
2. 介绍活动安排；
3. 表达祝愿。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【参考范文】
Distinguishedguests:
Onbehalfofourschool,Iwouldliketoconveymysincerewelcomeforyourvisiting.
At first, it is of significance to fully understand the school.As scheduled, all of you will visit the museum, which
contains the splendid history of our school. Furthermore, our classes are worthy of being attended, because you can
appreciate the differences between Chinese and western teaching methods.After that, it is at canteen that you can have
aspeciallunchwithourstudents.
Asmentionedabove,Iextremelyexpectyourcoming.Mayyouhaveanunforgettableexperience.94
应用文写作：考点6 倡议书
假定你是李华，请代表学生会，为学校“英语天地”宣传栏写一份倡议书，呼吁重压之下的高三学生养成健康的
生活方式。内容包括：
1. 倡议的原因；
2. 倡议的目的；
3. 倡议的具体内容。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
HealthMattersMost
________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
HealthMattersMost
With College Entrance Examination approaching, many of us are under much pressure from study and therefore
have developed an unhealthy lifestyle, studying deep into night, rushing through meals and taking little physical
415/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
exercise,whichisextremelyharmfultoourhealth.
Tomeetthechallengesofthesenioryear,it'shightimethatwetakeactiontosaynototheunhealthylifestyle.
Wearesupposedtogotobedearlyandgetupearlyandtakemealsregularlyandslowlyenough.Furthermore,itis
advisedthatwespareasmuchtimeaspossibletoworkout.
TheStudentUnion
规律方法6：
1.段首常用语:
(1)Ithink/suggestweshould…
(2)Inmyopinion,wehadbetter…
(3)Inorderto…,Iadvise…
(4)Itisrequiredthatwe…
2.段中常用语:
(1)I’mcallingforyouractiveparticipationin…
(2)Doyoucherishpreciousopportunitiestovolunteerin…?
(3)Ithinkweshouldfollowthefollowingadvice.
(4)Hereisagreatonenottobemissedbyanyenthusiasticyouth.
3.段尾常用语:
(1)It’stimethatweshoulddosomethingto…
(2)Let’sjoinourhandsandtakeactionimmediately.
(3)Inmyopinion,weshouldbepoliteandsparenoefforttodosomething…
(4)Onlyinthiswaycanwesucceed.
【变式精练】
假定你是李华,针对校园内存在浪费粮食的现象,学校决定举行抵制浪费粮食的活动。请你代表学生会在学校英文
报上写一封倡议书,内容包括:
1.活动的理由及目的;
2.具体的做法;
3.呼吁从我做起,节约粮食。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
416/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dearfellowstudents,
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
TheStudentUnion
【参考范文】
Dearfellowstudents,
We all feel concerned when seeing leftovers piled in the bins of the canteen. To arouse our awareness of saving
food,ourschoolistolaunchacampaignagainstfoodwaste.
As for us students, please don’t order food that we can’t finish. Furthermore, let’s remind each other to clear the
plateallthetimeorpackleftovershome.
Treasuringfoodis aChinesetraditionalvirtue. Remember,everygrain comesafter hardwork. Let’ssave foodand
doitfromnow!
TheStudentUnion
应用文写作：考点7 新闻报道
植树节来临之际，你校学生会在上周日组织了植树活动，请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1.参加人员：高三师生；
2.活动目的；
3.活动感想。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
【参考范文】
WithTreePlantingDayapproaching,SeniorThreeteachersandstudentstookthechancetoplanttreeslastSunday.
In orderto raise students’awareness of green lifestyle as well as beautify our school,Student Union organized the
activity,inwhichalltheteachersandstudentsfromSeniorThreetookanactivepart.Tomaketheearthabetterplaceto
livein,itisthedutyofeverystudenttorealizetheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironmentandlivingagreenlife.
Takeactionrightnow,andwecanmakeadifference.
TheStudentUnion
417/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
规律方法7：
新闻报道，记录的是发生过的事情，因此凡涉及到此报道的具体内容，应用一般过去时表达。
英文新闻报道通常包括下面四个部分：
1．标题：标题是新闻的题目，是编辑对最有新闻价值的内容的浓缩、概括。为了撷取新闻要点、诠释新闻
意义、吸引读者阅读，好的标题应该简洁明了。
2．导语：导语是消息的开头的第一段或第一句话，它扼要地揭示出消息的核心内容。
3．主体：主体是消息的主要部分，它用充足的事实表现主题，是对导语内容的进一步展开和阐释。主体要
根据不同内容运用适当句型对新闻细节进行描述。
4．结束语：一般是最后一句话或者一段话，通常对全文内容作概括性的总结，有时，作者根据报道的事实
在结束语中提出令人深思的问题。
高分模板
1、活动类
（标题）
（导语）In order to encourage the students to _______. Our school organized a _______ on _______（时间）at
_______(地点），which_______.
（正文）Itwasa_______day（介绍天气）.Firstofall,_______.Then_______（介绍活动的过程）.Finally,_______.
（评价）_________benefitedusalot.Notonlydidit_______,italso_______.Whata(n)_______activity!
（署名）
2、事故类
（标题）
（导语）Itisreportedthata_______（事件）brokeouton/at_______（地点）_______(时间）.
（正文）Itwasa_______day（介绍天气）.Firstofall,_______.Then_______（介绍活动的过程）.
（评价）From the report, we learned a lot. Not only did it _______, it also _______.As a result, we should improve
awarenessdoingsth.
（署名）
【好词好句】
1.Inordertoencouragethestudentstogetclosetonature,ourschoolorganizedamountain-climbingactivity.为了鼓励
学生们走进大自然，我们学校组织了一次登山活动。
2.Theysaiditwassuchabeautifuldaythattheywouldrememberitforever.他们说这是多么美好的一天，他们会永远
铭记。
3.Whattheydidhasbroughtjoytoothersandenrichedtheirownlives.他们所做的给他们带来快乐，而且丰富了他们
418/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
自己的生活。
4.Apartfromknowledge,wealsolearnedtocooperatewitheachotherandcametorealizetheimportanceofteamwork.
除了知识，我们也学会了和他人合作，也逐渐意识到合作的重要性。
5.The activity benefited us a lot. /The activity was ofgreat benefitto us./The activity was very beneficial to us. 活动
对我们很有好处。
【变式精练】
高中期间你一定参加过很多社会实践活动。请你为班级英语角写一篇报道。报道一次难忘的社会实践活动，内
容包括：
1. 时间、地点；
2. 活动过程；
3. 个人感受。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为 80 左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
AnUnforgettableSocialPracticeActivity
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
AnUnforgettableSocialPracticeActivity
One afternoon lastweek, there was a social activity organized byour schoolwhere we researched DaWenKou relic
culture.
We went there on foot at 3:00 p.m.After arriving there, we looked at some old temples and tools for farming and
living, which made us think how hard our ancestors lived then. From what we saw, we learned the old civilization in
China,andknewtheircontributiontothedevelopmentofcountry.
Personally,Ithankstoourancestors,it’sbecauseofthespiritofhardworkingweChinesepassonfrom
generationtogenerationthatmakescountrybecomestrongerandstronger.
419/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
专题 读后续写
12
【考纲解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
读后续写考题，“提供 在写作之前，首先读懂文本，
一段 350 词以内的语言 理清故事情节，然后构思故事的发
材料，要求考生依据该材 展和结局。
该题型通过读写结合，
料内容和所给段落开头语
检测学生的英语书面语言
进行续写（150 词左右），
理解与表达能力。要求学生
将其发展成一篇与给定材
能够梳理故事文体的结构、
料有逻辑衔接、情节和结
分析故事发展的线索、想像
构完整的短文”。从试题结 故事发展的情节以及续写
构看，读后续写评价的是 故事的发展和结局。
书面理解能力和书面表达
能。
【剖析全国高考真题】
读后续写
【浙江1月】阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Pumpkin(南瓜)carvingatHalloweenisafamilytradition.WevisitalocalfarmeveryOctober.Inthepumpkin
field,Icompetewithmythreebrothersandsistertoseekoutthebiggestpumpkin.Mydadhasarulethatwehaveto
carryourpumpkinsbackhome,andastheeldestchildIhaveanadvantage-Icarriedan85-pounderbacklastyear.
Thisyear,itwashardtotellwhethermyprizeortheonechosenbymy14-year-oldbrother,Jason,wasthewinner.
Unfortunatelyweforgottoweighthembeforetakingouttheirinsides,butIwasdeterminedtoprovemypoint.Allof
uswerehardatworkatthekitchentable,withmymomfilmingtheannualevent.I’munsurenowwhyIthought
forcingmyheadinsidethepumpkinwouldsettlethematter,butitseemedtomakeperfectsenseatthetime.
Withthepumpkinrestingonthetable,holeuppermost,Ibentoverandpressedmyheadagainsttheopening.At
firstIgotjammedjustabovemyeyesandthen,asIwentonwithmytask,unwillingtoquit,mynosebrieflyprevented
420/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
entry.FinallyImanagedtoputmywholeheadintoit,likeacork(软木塞)forcedintoabottle.Iwasabletostraighten
upwiththehugepumpkinrestingonmyshoulders.
Myexcitementwasshort-lived.Thepumpkinwasheavy.“I’mgoingtosetitdown,now,”Isaid,andwithJason
helpingtosupportitsweight，Ibentbackoverthetabletogiveitsomewheretorest.ItwasonlywhenItriedtoremove
myheadthatIrealizedgettingoutwasgoingtobelessstraightforwardthangettingin.WhenIpulledhard,mynose
gotintheway.IgotintoapanicasIpressedfirmlyagainstthetableandmovedmyheadaroundtryingtofindtheright
angle,butitwasnouse.“Ican’tgetitout!”Ishouted,myvoicesoundingunnaturallyloudintheenclosedspace.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph1
Itwasfiveorsixminutesthoughitfeltmuchlonger.
Paragraph2
ThevideowaspostedtheMondaybeforeHalloween.
【答案】Paragraph1
Itwasfiveorsixminutesthoughitfeltmuchlonger.Dadwassummoned–less,itseemed,inexpectationof
practicalhelpthantomakesurehedidn’tmissoutonthespectacle.Iheardhimproposecallingthefiredepartment.
“Staytuned,”saidMom;she’dmentionedshewasgoingtouploadthevideotoFacebook,butitwasonlythenI
realizedshe’dbeenfilmingthewholetime.Thevideocutsbeforemyrescue—Dadgotmetopushmyheadfarther
intothepumpkinsoMomcouldreachinandundotherubberbandroundmyponytail.Iemergedwith
squash-conditionedhair,asorechinandmynosepluggedwithpulp.
Paragraph2
ThevideowaspostedtheMondaybeforeHalloween.Bytheendofthatday,ithadover1,000views.Peopleasked
MomtoputitonYouTube,andbyWednesdaymorningweweregetting5:00amcallsfromTVbreakfastshowsand
thentheinternationalmedia–thevideostartedrackinguphundredsofthousandsofviews.WhenIwentonayouth
camp,IwasrecognizedbychildrenI’dnevermet.Thepumpkinalsobecameaminorcelebrity.Passersbyand
trick-or-treaterswouldknockandask,“WhichisRachel’spumpkin?”beforetakingselfieswithit.
【解析】
421/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者家有在万圣节雕刻南瓜的传统，今年也不例外，家里所有人都在厨房的餐
桌上辛勤地工作着，而作者的妈妈则在拍摄一年一度的活动。结果作者将头伸进了南瓜里，被卡住了，无论如
何也无法挣脱出来，妈妈却趁机拍下了这一幕，后来作者得救，视频也被上传到网上走红，这段视频开始获得
数十万的点击量。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“虽然时间只过去了五、六分钟，但还是感觉要长得多。”可知，第一段可描写作者是如
何在爸爸的帮助下得救的。
②由第二段首句内容“这段视频是在万圣节前的周一发布的。”可知，第二段可描写作者头被卡在南瓜里这段
视频在网上的走红情况，以及视频走红对作者家和作者的影响。
2.续写线索：爸爸被喊来帮忙——妈妈拍下了全过程——作者得救——视频被上传——视频走红——视频对作
者家和作者的影响
3.词汇激活
行为类
确保：makesure/guarantee
打算做某事：begoingtodosth./intendtodosth.
出来：emerge/comeout
情绪类
实际：practical/useful
出名：becomeaminorcelebrity/befamous
【点睛】
[高分句型1]WhenIwentonayouthcamp,IwasrecognizedbychildrenI’dnevermet.(运用了when引导时间状语
从句)
[高分句型2]Passersbyandtrick-or-treaterswouldknockandask,“WhichisRachel’spumpkin?”beforetakingselfies
withit.(运用了动名词作宾语)
【·山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一
篇完整的短文。
TheMeredithfamilylivedinasmallcommunity.Astheeconomywasindecline,somepeopleinthetownhadlost
theirjobs.Manyoftheirfamilieswerestrugglingtomakeendsmeet.Peopleweretryingtohelpeachothermeetthe
challenges.
Mrs.Meredithwasamostkindandthoughtfulwoman.Shespentagreatdealoftimevisitingthepoor.Sheknew
422/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
theyhadproblems,andtheyneededallkindsofhelp.Whenshehadtime,shewouldbringfoodandmedicinetothem.
Onemorningshetoldherchildrenaboutafamilyshehadvisitedthedaybefore.Therewasamansickinbed,his
wife,whotookcareofhimandcouldnotgoouttowork,andtheirlittleboy.Thelittleboy-hisnamewasBernard-had
interestedherverymuch.
“Iwishyoucouldseehim,”shesaidtoherownchildren,John,Harry,andClara.“Heissuchahelptohismother.
Hewantsverymuchtoearnsomemoney,butIdon'tseewhathecando.”
Aftertheirmotherlefttheroom,thechildrensatthinkingaboutBernard.“Iwishwecouldhelphimtoearn
money,”saidClara.“Hisfamilyissufferingsomuch.”
“SodoI,”saidHarry.“Wereallyshoulddosomethingtoassistthem.”
Forsomemoments,Johnsaidnothing,but,suddenly,hesprangtohisfeetandcried,“Ihaveagreatidea!Ihavea
solutionthatwecanallhelpaccomplish(完成).”
Theotherchildrenalsojumpedupallattention.WhenJohnhadanidea,itwassuretobeagoodone.“Itellyou
whatwecando,”saidJohn.“YouknowthatbigboxofcornUncleJohnsentus?Well,wecanmakepopcorn(爆米花),
andputitintopaperbags,andBernardcantakeitaroundtothehousesandsellit.”
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右:
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
WhenMrs.MeredithheardofJohn'sidea,shethoughtitwasagoodone,too.
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Witheverythingready,Bernardstartedoutonhisnewbusiness.
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文1】
WhenMrs.MeredithheardofJohn’sidea,shethoughtitwasagoodone,too.So,theywenttothelocal
supermarkettogether.Theyboughtabagofcornandsomespecialbagsforpopcorn.Whentheygothome,theymadea
lotofpopcornandputitinthespecialbags.Withthepopcorn,theywenttoBernard’shome.TheytoldBernardhowto
sellthepopcorn.Bernardandhisparentswereverygrateful.AndtheMeredithfamilyalsofeltveryhappytohelpthis
family.
Witheverythingready,Bernardstartedoutonhisnewbusiness.Hetookthepopcornaroundtothehousesand
423/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
soldallhispopcorn.Heearnedalotofmoney.Then,hewantedtobeself-dependent.Therefore,heaskedMrs.
Meredithtoteachhimhowtomakepopcorn.Afterthat,notonlydidhesellpopcorn,buthealsoaddedcreamandsalt
tothepopcorntomakeittastebetter.Bernardgrewuptobearemarkableman.HedidnotforgetthehelpofMeredith’s
family,andhealsodidwhathecouldtohelpthoseinneed.
【参考范文2】
Paragraph 1:When Mrs. Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one, too. She was so surprised
and happy that her children went much farther than herself. She said, “It’s much better to teach Bernard to fish than to
givehim fish,you guys maydowhatever youcanwith the planto helpBernardandhis family.”Withmom’sapproval,
Johngottopreparetheoven,HarrywenttocheckthecornthatUncleJohnsentthem, while Claramadethebestuseof
her legs to tell Bernard their plan, hoping he would accept their kindness. Having heard the plan, Bernard’s blue eyes
turnedwaterywithhappinessandgratitude.
Paragraph2:Witheverythingready,Bernardstartedoutonhisnewbusiness.Everyafternoonafterschool,
BernardwenttotheMeredithfamilypickingthebagged-popcornandwenttothetowntheatre,andhewouldalways
putasignbesidehimsaying,“Homeissweet,mineisbitterwithasickdadandanursingmom...”Almostall
film-goersboughtBernard’spopcornwhenpassingby,—Bernardmade8to11dollarseachnight.Withthis,Bernard
couldgohomewithmedicineforhisfather.Monthslaterhisfathercouldleavehissick-bedandwalkaround.Bernard’s
signwasrewrittenasfollowed:“Homeissweet,mineistoo,thankyouall.”
【解析】
本文是根据短文进行续写，使之成为一个完整的故事。
1.认真读懂所给提供的材料:善良的Meredith一家住在一个小社区里，他们想帮助一个贫困的家庭。那家的男主
人生病卧床，女主人要照顾丈夫、无法外出赚钱，家中的小男孩Bernard也做不了什么事情，生活十分困难。
后来，Meredith的孩子想出了一个主意--制作爆米花，让Bernard去卖爆米花。
2.根据所给材料确定文章主题:Meredith如何通过制作和卖爆米花帮助Bernard一家摆脱困境的。
3.续写部分和前面的文章衔接得上，并且与原文情节发展和人物性格相一致，故事情节的向后延续发展要合乎
情理。
4.根据第一段首句WhenMrs.MeredithheardofJohn’sidea,shethoughtitwasagoodone,too.(当Meredith太太听
到John的主意时，她也认为这是个好主意)可以针对如何实现制作爆米花这个提议展开构思；根据第二段首句
Witheverythingready,Bernardstartedoutonhisnewbusiness.(一切准备就绪后，Bernard开始了他的新生意)可以
针对Bernard如何通过卖爆米花让家庭摆脱困境展开构思。
424/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
5.续写的语言要尽可能与原文的语言保持风格上的一致。文章时态以一般过去时为主。应使用自己熟悉的句型
和短语进行写作，考生要注意尽可能使句子的表达形式多样化，适当的使用一些高级句式和高级词汇，以提高
书面表达的档次和可读性。作文要层次清晰，要点全面，表达流畅，切合题干要求，句子结构准确，适当补充
信息，使篇章结构连贯。
【·浙江卷】阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Onefall，mywifeElliandIhadasinglegoal:tophotographpolarbears.Wewerestayingataresearchcamp
outside“thepolarbearcapitaloftheworld”-thetownofChurchillinManitoba，Canada.
Takingpicturesofpolarbearsisamazingbutalsodangerous.Polarbears-likeallwildanimals-shouldbe
photographedfromasafedistance.WhenI'mfacetofacewithapolarbear，Ilikeittobethroughacamerawitha
telephotolens.Butsometimes，thatiseasiersaidthandone.Thiswasoneofthosetimes.
AsElliandIcookeddinner，ayoungmalepolarbearwhowasplayinginanearbylakesniffed，andsmelledour
garlicbread.
Thehungrybearfollowedhisnosetoourcamp，whichwassurroundedbyahighwirefence.Hepulledandbitthe
wire.Hestoodonhisbacklegsandpushedatthewoodenfenceposts.
Terrified，ElliandItriedallthebeardefenseactionsweknew.Weyelledatthebear，hitpotshard，andfiredblank
shotgunshellsintotheair.Sometimesloudnoiseslikethesewillscarebearsoff.Notthispolarbearthough-hejustkept
tryingtoteardownthefencewithhismassivepaws(爪子).
Iradioedthecampmanagerforhelp.Hetoldmeahelicopterwasonitsway，butitwouldbe30minutesbeforeit
arrived.Makingthebestofthiscloseencounter(相遇)，Itooksomepicturesofthebear.
ElliandIfearedthefencewouldn'tlastthrough30moreminutesofthebear'spunishment.Thecampmanager
suggestedIusepepperspray.Thesprayburnsthebears'eyes，butdoesn'thurtthem.SoIapproachedouruninvited
guestslowlyand，throughthefence，sprayedhimintheface.Withanangryroar(吼叫)，thebearrantothelaketowash
hiseyes.
注意:1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
425/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【参考范文】
Paragraph1:Afewminuteslater,thebearheadedbacktoourcamp.Heexposedhissharpteeth,glaringatusashe
ranforward.Andagainthebearstoodonhisbacklegs,wantingtosnapatthefencelikeamonster.Itseemedthathis
mouthwasfullofbloodandhiseyeswereredwithanger.Seeingsuchterriblesight,Icouldfeelacoldnessflooding
frommyback.Elliswasstunnedthere,withthemouthwidelyopen.Ihadtotakeaction,soIpickedmycourageand
triedtofrightenhimawaywiththepepperspray,butfinallyfailed.
Paragraph2:Atthatverymoment,thehelicopterarrived.Itlandednearourcampanditsloudnoisesscaredthebear.
Helookedirritatedandchargedatusagain.Icriedout,“Watchout!” Weinstantlysteppedawayandranasfastaswe
couldtothehelicopter.ThankMyGod!Wesucceededinclimbingontotothehelicopter,gaspingwithrelief.Looking
downatthebear,wefoundthathewaseatingthebreadwejustmade.Severalhourslater,wearrivedathomesafeand
sound,butwerealizedthatweshoulddosomethingtohelpthebears.
【解析】
读后续写作为新题型之一，突出考查了考生根据所获得的综合信息，吸收，内化并转变成自我语言的一种能力，
同时通过对文本结构的分析和合理性地推测与想象，用自己的语言接续文本，体现了核心素养中的思维品质和
语言能力。读后续写是对原文的阅读，然后进行“狗尾续貂”，在写作时，要注意“三个读”：先读原文，了解文
章的大意，主旨，文章逻辑结构，故事的6要素，情节发展等等；第二读要注意10个关键词，对关键词进行合
理地分类，确定哪些是最重要的词，哪些次之，然后构思合理的使用；第三读要注意读给出的两个首句，确定
全文结尾的逻辑关系。与此同时，也要注意字数的安排，控制在150+20左右，建议两段的长短均匀为宜。
【·山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一
篇完整的短文。
TheMeredithfamilylivedinasmallcommunity.Astheeconomywasindecline,somepeopleinthetownhadlost
theirjobs.Manyoftheirfamilieswerestrugglingtomakeendsmeet.Peopleweretryingtohelpeachothermeetthe
challenges.
Mrs.Meredithwasamostkindandthoughtfulwoman.Shespentagreatdealoftimevisitingthepoor.Sheknew
theyhadproblems,andtheyneededallkindsofhelp.Whenshehadtime,shewouldbringfoodandmedicinetothem.
Onemorningshetoldherchildrenaboutafamilyshehadvisitedthedaybefore.Therewasamansickinbed,his
wife,whotookcareofhimandcouldnotgoouttowork,andtheirlittleboy.Thelittleboy-hisnamewasBernard-had
interestedherverymuch.
“Iwishyoucouldseehim,”shesaidtoherownchildren,John,Harry,andClara.“Heissuchahelptohismother.
Hewantsverymuchtoearnsomemoney,butIdon'tseewhathecando.”
426/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
Aftertheirmotherlefttheroom,thechildrensatthinkingaboutBernard.“Iwishwecouldhelphimtoearn
money,”saidClara.“Hisfamilyissufferingsomuch.”
“SodoI,”saidHarry.“Wereallyshoulddosomethingtoassistthem.”
Forsomemoments,Johnsaidnothing,but,suddenly,hesprangtohisfeetandcried,“Ihaveagreatidea!Ihavea
solutionthatwecanallhelpaccomplish(完成).”
Theotherchildrenalsojumpedupallattention.WhenJohnhadanidea,itwassuretobeagoodone.“Itellyou
whatwecando,”saidJohn.“YouknowthatbigboxofcornUncleJohnsentus?Well,wecanmakepopcorn(爆米花),
andputitintopaperbags,andBernardcantakeitaroundtothehousesandsellit.”
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右:
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
WhenMrs.MeredithheardofJohn'sidea,shethoughtitwasagoodone,too.
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Witheverythingready,Bernardstartedoutonhisnewbusiness.
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文1】
WhenMrs.MeredithheardofJohn’sidea,shethoughtitwasagoodone,too.So,theywenttothelocal
supermarkettogether.Theyboughtabagofcornandsomespecialbagsforpopcorn.Whentheygothome,theymadea
lotofpopcornandputitinthespecialbags.Withthepopcorn,theywenttoBernard’shome.TheytoldBernardhowto
sellthepopcorn.Bernardandhisparentswereverygrateful.AndtheMeredithfamilyalsofeltveryhappytohelpthis
family.
Witheverythingready,Bernardstartedoutonhisnewbusiness.Hetookthepopcornaroundtothehousesand
soldallhispopcorn.Heearnedalotofmoney.Then,hewantedtobeself-dependent.Therefore,heaskedMrs.
Meredithtoteachhimhowtomakepopcorn.Afterthat,notonlydidhesellpopcorn,buthealsoaddedcreamandsalt
tothepopcorntomakeittastebetter.Bernardgrewuptobearemarkableman.HedidnotforgetthehelpofMeredith’s
family,andhealsodidwhathecouldtohelpthoseinneed.
【参考范文2】
Paragraph 1:When Mrs. Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one, too. She was so surprised and
427/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
happythather children wentmuch farther than herself. She said, “It’s much better to teach Bernard to fish thanto give
himfish,youguys maydowhateveryoucanwiththeplantohelpBernardandhisfamily.”Withmom’sapproval,John
got to prepare the oven, Harry went to check the corn that Uncle John sent them, while Clara made the best use of her
legs to tell Bernard their plan, hoping he would accept their kindness. Having heard the plan, Bernard’s blue eyes
turnedwaterywithhappinessandgratitude.
Paragraph2:Witheverythingready,Bernardstartedoutonhisnewbusiness.Everyafternoonafterschool,Bernard
wenttotheMeredithfamilypickingthebagged-popcornandwenttothetowntheatre,andhewouldalwaysputasign
besidehimsaying,“Homeissweet,mineisbitterwithasickdadandanursingmom...”Almostallfilm-goersbought
Bernard’spopcornwhenpassingby,—Bernardmade8to11dollarseachnight.Withthis,Bernardcouldgohomewith
medicineforhisfather.Monthslaterhisfathercouldleavehissick-bedandwalkaround.Bernard’ssignwasrewritten
asfollowed:“Homeissweet,mineistoo,thankyouall.”
【解析】
本文是根据短文进行续写，使之成为一个完整的故事。
1.认真读懂所给提供的材料:善良的Meredith一家住在一个小社区里，他们想帮助一个贫困的家庭。那家的男主
人生病卧床，女主人要照顾丈夫、无法外出赚钱，家中的小男孩Bernard也做不了什么事情，生活十分困难。
后来，Meredith的孩子想出了一个主意--制作爆米花，让Bernard去卖爆米花。
2.根据所给材料确定文章主题:Meredith如何通过制作和卖爆米花帮助Bernard一家摆脱困境的。
3.续写部分和前面的文章衔接得上，并且与原文情节发展和人物性格相一致，故事情节的向后延续发展要合乎
情理。
4.根据第一段首句WhenMrs.MeredithheardofJohn’sidea,shethoughtitwasagoodone,too.(当Meredith太太听
到John的主意时，她也认为这是个好主意)可以针对如何实现制作爆米花这个提议展开构思；根据第二段首句
Witheverythingready,Bernardstartedoutonhisnewbusiness.(一切准备就绪后，Bernard开始了他的新生意)可以
针对Bernard如何通过卖爆米花让家庭摆脱困境展开构思。
5.续写的语言要尽可能与原文的语言保持风格上的一致。文章时态以一般过去时为主。应使用自己熟悉的句型
和短语进行写作，考生要注意尽可能使句子的表达形式多样化，适当的使用一些高级句式和高级词汇，以提高
书面表达的档次和可读性。作文要层次清晰，要点全面，表达流畅，切合题干要求，句子结构准确，适当补充
信息，使篇章结构连贯。
428/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
（·浙江卷）读后续写
Itwassummer,andmydadwantedtotreatmetoavacationlikeneverbefore.Hedecidedtotakemeonatripto
theWildWest.
WetookaplanetoAlbuquerque,abigcityinthestateofNewMexico.WereachedAlbuquerqueinthelate
afternoon.UnclePaul,mydad’sfriend,pickedusupfromtheairportanddroveusuptohisfarminPecos.
HiswifeTinacookedusadeliciousdinnerandwegottoknowhissonsRyanandKyle.MydadandIspentthe
nightintheguestroomofthefarmhouselisteningtothefrogsandwaterrollingdowntherivernearby.Veryearlyinthe
morning,UnclePaulwokeusuptohavebreakfast."Thedaystartsatdawnonmyfarm,"hesaid.Afterbreakfast,I
wenttohelpAuntTinafeedthechickens,whilemydadwentwithUnclePaultotakethesheepouttograze(吃草).I
wasimpressedtoseemydadandUnclePaulridinghorses.Theylookedreallycool.
Intheafternoon,IaskedUnclePaulifIcouldtakeahorseride,andhesaidyes,aslongasmydadwentwithme.I
wasn’tgoingtotakeahorseridebymyselfanyway.So,mydadandIputonournewcowboyhats,gotonourhorses,
andheadedslowlytowardsthemountains."Don’tbelateforsupper,"UnclePaulcried,"andkeeptothetracksothat
youdon’tgetlost!""OK!"mydadcriedback.AfterawhileUnclePaulandhisfarmhousewereoutofsight.Itwasso
peacefulandquietandthecolorsofthebrownrocks,thedeepgreenpinetrees,andthelateafternoonsunmixedto
createamagicscene.Itlookedlikeabeautifulwoven(编织的)blanketspreadoutuponthegroundjustforus.
Suddenlyalittlerabbitjumpedoutinfrontofmyhorse.
注意：
（1）所续写短文的词数应为l50左右；
（2）至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语：
（3）续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
（4）续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph1:Suddenlyalittlerabbitjumpedoutinfrontofmyhorse.____________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph2:Wehadnoideawherewewereanditwasgettingdark._____________
429/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Onepossibleversion:
Suddenlyalittlerabbitjumpedoutinfrontofmyhorse.MyhorseturnedtothelefttoavoidthelittlerabbitasIheldon
tightlyandtriednottofall.Thenmydadturnedaroundandshouted,“Holdon!”Allofasuddenthehorsebegantorun.
Mydadtriedtokeepupbehindus.Forafewminutesmyhorsesloweddowntoatrotandthenstoppedbesideariver.I
lookedaroundandrealizedthatwewerewayoffthetrack.
Wehadnoideawherewewereanditgotdark.Luckilythestarscameoutandgaveusalittlelightwhenwewere
lookingforthewaytothefarmhouse.Afterwhatmusthavebeenseveralhours,wesuddenlyheardthesoundofsheep
inthedistance.MydadandIbothrodeourhorsestowardsthesoundofthesheep.AswegotcloserwesawUnclePaul
withaflashlightwavingusover.Whatanight!
【解析】
读后续写要求考生首先要读懂已有信息，不仅能读懂字面含义，还要理清文章的脉络。续篇这篇短文时，考生
要搞清楚故事的发展进程、前因后果、地理位置、人物思想情感的变化等。在此基础上，考生要顺着文章的思
路，根据线索，发挥想象，对其后的情节进行合理预测，并用语言表达出来。
通过阅读所给文章可知，父亲带儿子去西部荒野的一个朋友家体验农场生活，见父亲和叔叔骑马，儿子也
很想骑，于是亲身上马体验。
根据第一段所给首句Suddenlyalittlerabbitjumpedoutinfrontofmyhorse.这一句是故事发展的转折点，可
从rabbit出现后带来的反应扩展开，可以写马的反应，也可以写人的反应，但要注意与第二段首句相呼应。
第二段首句是Wehadnoideawherewewereanditwasgettingdark.这一句呼应前文UnclePaul的叮嘱——不
要误吃晚饭，可从如何寻路返回农场去写。
续写时注意要使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语，我们要熟悉所给划线词语，恰当的时候加以运
用。最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右；续写完成后要用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Onabright,warmJulyafternoon,MacHollan,aprimaryschoolteacher,wascyclingfromhishometoAlaska
430/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
withhisfriends.Oneofhisfriendshadstoppedtomakeabicyclerepair,buttheyhadencouragedMactocarryon,and
theywouldcatchupwithhimsoon.AsMacpedaled(骑行)alongalone,hethoughtfondlyofhiswifeandtwoyoung
daughtersathome.Hehopedtoshowthemthisbeautifulplacesomeday.
ThenMacheardquickandloudbreathingbehindhim.“Man,that'sabigdog!”hethought.Butwhenhelookedto
theside,hesawinstantlythatitwasn’tadogatall,butawolf,quicklycatchingupwithhim.
Mac’sheartjumped.Hefoundouthiscanofhearspray.Withonehandonthebars,hefiredthesprayatthewolf.
Abrightredcloudenvelopedtheanimal,andtoMac'srelief,itfellback,shakingitshead.Butaminutelater,itwasby
hissideagain.ThenitattackedthebackofMac'sbike,tearingopenhistentbag.Hefiredatthewolfasecondtime,and
again,itfellbackonlytoquicklyrestartthechase（追赶）。
Macwaspedalinghardnow.Hewavedandyelledatpassingcarsbutwascarefulnottoshowdown.Hesawa
steepuphillclimbbeforehim.Heknewthatzxxkoncehehitthehill,he’dbeeasycaughtupandthewolf’steeth
wouldbetearingintohisflesh.
Atthismoment,PaulandBeekyweredrivingtheircarontheirwaytoAlaska.Theydidn’tthinkmuchofitwhen
theysawtwocyclistsrepairingtheirbikeonthesideoftheroad.Abitlater,theyspottedwhatthey,too,assumedwasa
dogrunningalongsideamanonabike.Astheygotcloser,theyrealizedthatthedogwasawolf.Macheardalarge
vehiclebehindhim.Hepulledinfrontofitasthewolfwascatchingupfast,justadozenyardsawaynow.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
【答案】Thecarabruptlystoppedinfrontofhim.PaulandBeckygotoutofthecarimmediatelytogivethehelp.With
nothingonthehand,theydidn'tdaretofightagainstthewolf.However,theystillapproachedtothewolfbravely.At
thesametime,thewolfalsonoticedthemandturneditsheadback,howlingangrilytowardsPaulandBecky.Macthen
jumpedoffthebicycleandwasreadytofightagainstthewolf.Thencamethedeadlock.
Afewminuteslater,theothertwocyclistsarrived.Theyfoundthedangeroussituation,wherethreemencircledthe
wolf.Mac'sfriendsalsojumpedofftheirbicyclesandjoinedthefightwiththewolf.Moreandmorecarsstopped.
Somedriverstookoutthesticksfromthecars,andsometookouttheknives,eventhegunstowardsthewolf.Inthe
meanwhile,thewolfmightfeelthepeople'sthreatsaround,soitbegantostepbackslowly.Soon,itranawayoffthe
431/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
roadanddisappearedinthedistance.
【解析】
本文主要讲述了Mac在骑自行车前往阿拉斯加的途中，被一只狼追赶的故事。时态要考虑以一般过去时为主，
人称以第三人称为主。同时要兼顾字数的要求，不要过多，关键词列出5个以上，需要均匀分布在两段中。考
生要注意几个关键信息和情节变化并结合给出的内容提示进行合理构思。
【精讲研法】
读后续写
主要按照以下四个步骤来写：
第一步：通读文本，提取线索词和信息句，写出每段段落大意。
第二步：根据文本每段内容，结合所给续写部分的首句，构思完整的故事情节。
第三步：根据续写部分所提供的首句，写出续写部分每段的段落大意，围绕续写
部分的段落大意进行合理的细节描写。
第四步：润色成篇。
【模拟演练】
1. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写 词数应为150左
右。
Mywife,Megan,andIwentouttodinnerwithanoldfriendwhowehadnotseeninawhile.Therehadbeensome
talkofCOVID-19 （新型冠状病毒）onthenews,butitwasearlyintheoutbreakandpeoplewerestillgoingabout
theirdailyroutines.Eventhougheveryoneinourgroupfeltperfectlyfine,wetookprecautions（预防）：Wewashedour
handswithsoap,didnotsharefoodandhadnosignificantlyclosecontact.
Afewdayslater,ourfriendcalledandtoldusthatshehadtestedpositiveforthecoronavirus.Shehadfeltsome
mildsymptoms（症状）foradayorsoafterthatdinnerandwasabletobetestedbecausesheisadoctor.Onthe
followingday,startedtofeelalittletiredandmyheadwasabitcloudy.Idecidedtostayinthemasterbedroomaway
fromtherestofmyfamily.Thenextmorning.Iwokeupwitha39-degreefever.ThatwaswhenwerealizedthatI
mighthavecaughtthevirusfromourfriend.
Atonce,Megancalledourstate'scoronavirushotline,whothencalledinourprimarycaredoctorandtheheadof
ourlocalhospitalsystem'scoronavirusteam.Weexplainedthatwehadbeenincontactwithsomeonewhohadbeen
432/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
testedpositive,andIwashavingsymptoms.Theyquicklyapprovedmetoreceiveatestatanurgentcarecenterlocated
fiveminutes'drivefrommyhouse.Theresultmademyheartsank—Iwasalsotestedpositive,andthelocalhospital
wasn'tequippedwiththefacilitiestotreatmydisease.Asamildcase,Iwasrecommendedtostayathomeand
quarantine （隔离）myself.
Followingthedoctor'sadvice,MeganandIquarantinedourselvesandourchildren.Withmydeveloped
symptoms,Istartedisolationinthebedroom,andtheonlyinteractionIhadwithMeganwaswhenshebroughtinfood.
Megansleptonasmallcouchinourhomeofficeawayfromthekids'rooms.Shealsominimizedhercontactwithour
kidsincaseshewascarryingthevirus.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Wedecidedtocalleveryonewehadbeenincontactwithoverthecourseofthepastweek.
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Thoughworriedabouttheseriousnessofthevirus,IknewIhadtobebrave.
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【答案】Wedecidedtocalleveryonewehadbeenincontactwithoverthecourseofthepastweek.Meganinsistedthat
weshouldletthemknowthatIhadtestedpositive.Hardasitwastoinformpeoplethatwemighthavegiventhemthe
coronavirus,itwastheresponsiblethingtodo.Toourpleasantsurprise,allofourfriendsshowedtheirunderstanding
andsupportuponhearingthenews.Tocheerusup,oneofmywife'sbestfriendsevenbakedacakewiththeletters
"Staystrong"onitanddeliveredittoourfrontdoor.
Thoughworriedabouttheseriousnessofthevirus.IknewIhadtobebrave.Imadesuretogetplentyofrestand
didsomeexercisetostayashealthyasIcould.IalsomanagedtoeasetheworriesofMeganandourkidsduringour
quarantinebyspendingmoretimedoingonlinevideo-chatswiththem.Withinthefollowingweek,myfeverstartedto
fadeandIcouldfeelmyheadclearing.Thenexttestshowedacheeringresult.Itcamebacknegative.Haditnotbeen
fortheloveandcarefromthosearoundme,Iwouldn'thavemadeit.
【解析】
本文以新冠病毒传染为线索展开，讲述了新冠病毒传播初期，作者和妻子因和老朋友共进晚餐，被传染了病毒，
他们尽力和孩子做到隔离，然后给过去一周联系过的每一个人打电话，勇敢地面对病毒，并最终战胜疾病的故
事。
433/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我们决定给过去一周我们接触过的每一个人打电话”可知，第一段可描写作者一家得到朋
友的理解和支持。
②由第二段首句内容“虽然我很担心这种病毒的严重性，但我知道我必须要勇敢”可知，第二段可描写作者勇敢
面对病毒，隔离期间，互相联系，积极治疗到痊愈的过程。
2.续写线索：得到理解支持——惊喜——互相联系——痊愈——庆幸——感谢
3.词汇激活
行为类
①得到理解支持：getunderstandingandsupport/gethelp/beunderstoodandsupported
②.互相联系：connectwitheachother/contactwitheachother/doingonlinevideo-chatswiththem
③.痊愈：recovery/becured
情绪类
①.惊喜：apleasantsurprise/besurprised/beastonished
②.庆幸：goodfortune/belucky
③.感谢showinghisappreciation/showhisgratitude/begrateful
【点睛】
[高分句型1].Hardasitwastoinformpeoplethatwemighthavegiventhemthecoronavirus,itwastheresponsible
thingtodo.(as引导让步状语从句的倒装)
[高分句型2].Tocheerusup,oneofmywife'sbestfriendsevenbakedacakewiththeletters"Staystrong"onitand
deliveredittoourfrontdoor.(不定式作目的状语)
[高分句型3].Haditnotbeenfortheloveandcarefromthosearoundme,Iwouldn'thavemadeit.(虚拟语气条件句
中省略if的部分倒装）
2. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的 短文。
Gradyandhisfamilygocampingeverysummer.Asitwasbecominghotter,herecamethecampingtime.
Havingplannedthecamplong,thefamilyfinallydecidedthedestination---theGreatNationalForest.Withfood,
necessityandcookersloadedontothecar,thefamilysqueezedintothecar.Thecardoorclosed,heatwasshutoutside.
Inthecar,Jared,Grady'syoungerbrotherwasplayingwithatoydinosaur,makinggreatnoise.Grady'smother
talkedexcitedlywithhisfather.Onsettlinginthecar,Gradyputontheearphoneandturnedonthemusic.Heneither
wantedtojoinhisbrothernorjoinedanytalk.Afterwhatseemedtobehours,thecarstoppedwheretheyheaded.Grady
threwdownhisbackpackandslammedthecardoor.
434/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
“Thiswillbealengthyweek,“hesaidunhappilytonooneinparticular.Helookedaroundthecampground.
Hundredsoftallandgreenfirtrees,someastallaschurchtowers,coveredthemountainsidelikeagreencarpet.The
sunwouldbesettingsoon.Gradythoughtmaybetheheatwouldn'tbeunbearable.Butactuallynowinthemountain,
thehotstickinessofJulywascloselyattachedtohim.
Gradyhatedcamping,butitwassomethinghisfamilystucktoeverysummer.Hisfatherlikedcookingoveran
openair,tellingstoriesabouthowtosurvivethingslikebearattacksandbitesofbees.HismotherandJaredlikedto
hikeandtakepicturesofanimals.Jaredhadacollectionofbugpicturesthathehadpinnedtothewallsinhishalfof
theirroom.GradythoughttheywerejustscaryandproofthatJaredwasastrangekid.
Theysetupcamp-twotents,oneforhisparentsandoneforhimselfandJared.Whileeveryoneelsestarted
preparingdinner,Grady,lookingforsomeplacetocooldown,setoffforthenearbystream,whichwasdeepenoughto
swimin.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
AsGradygotclosetothestream,anadorablebearcub(幼崽)caughthiseye.
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Turningaround,hesawanangrybearmovingswiftlytowardshim.
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【答案】AsGradygotclosetothestream,anadorablebearcubcaughthiseye.ThoughGradydidn’tlikeanimals,he
couldn’tresistsuchalovelybearcubmeasuringnomorethantwofeettallwithacuteface.Itwasplayingpretty
joyfullyattheedgeofthestream.Soabsorbedwasthebearcubinplayingthatitwasn’tawarethatsomeonewas
approaching.Drivenbycuriosity,Gradywalkedontiptoe,movingclosertohavealookatit.Suddenlyhehearda
soundbehindhim.
Turningaround,hesawanangrybearmovingswiftlytowardshim.Shockedanddumb,Gradywasrootedontothe
groundforseconds,andthendashedtotheircampdesperately,shoutingforhelpinthemeantime.Fortunately,Grady’s
fatherheardtheshoutintimetocometohisassistance.Totheirsurprise,realizingthedangerwasaway,thefurrygiant
stoppedchasingandreturnedtothestream,pickingupherbaby,andholdingitinarmstightly.Inthedistance,attracted
bythenoise,Jaredandhismotherweretryingtotakeaphotoofthebearcubanditsmother.
435/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【解析】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了格雷迪和他的家人每年夏天都去露营。经过长期的营地计划，这家人最终决定
了目的地——大国家森林。格雷迪讨厌野营，帐篷搭好后，当其他人都开始准备晚餐时，格雷迪找了个凉快的
地方，向附近的小溪出发，那里足够深，可以游泳。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“格雷迪走近小溪时，一只可爱的小熊引起了他的注意。”可知，第一段可描写格雷迪由于
好奇靠近小熊，突然听到有声音。
②由第二段首句内容“他转过身来，看见一只愤怒的熊迅速向他走来。”可知，第二段可描写格雷迪遇到了一只
愤怒的大熊后逃生的过程以及获得了爸爸的帮助得救后，对大熊抱住孩子的场景的描述。
2.续写线索：无法抗拒小熊——小熊玩得很开心——小熊聚精会神的玩着——被好奇心驱使，Grady靠近小熊
——大熊愤怒地走来——Grady惊得哑口无言——绝望地冲到营地——父亲及时赶来帮忙——为大熊抱住孩子
感到惊讶
3.词汇激活
行为类
无法抗拒：couldn’tresist/hardtoresist
聚精会神：beabsorbedin/devoteoneselfto
靠近：becloseto/approach
冲：rush/dash
赶来帮忙：cometoone’sassistance/onone’swaytohelp
情绪类
高兴地：joyfully/happily/delightedly
绝望地：desperately/indespair
惊讶：toone’ssurprise/toone’samazement
震惊的：shocked/stunned
【点睛】
[高分句型1]
Soabsorbedwasthebearcubinplayingthatitwasn’tawarethatsomeonewasapproaching（. so…that…引导结果状语
从句，且so置于句首，使用了倒装句）
[高分句型2]
Gradywasrootedontothegroundforseconds,andthendashedtotheircampdesperately,shoutingforhelpinthe
436/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
meantime.（shouting为现在分词作伴随状语）
专题 概要写作
13
【考纲解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
选材上，提供一篇 写的新语篇，既要做到
350 词以内的短文，一般 在结构、衔接和连贯性等方
以说明文、议论文和记叙 面与原文保持一致，又要做
概要写作是一种“阅读+写
文为主，要求考生写出一 到简明扼要、意义完整、结
作”的复合型任务,测试学生的
篇 60 词左右的内容概要 构严密和语句通顺。
阅读理解、概括归纳和书面表达
（注意：少于 40 或多于 方面的综合能力。
80 词扣两分）。
【剖析全国高考真题】
概要写作
【·浙江】读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfident
Kids,says,"We'vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict."Bygiving
kidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey'rebuildingtheirchildren'sconfidence,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.
Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat'sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakea
riskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents'praisehasputthem.
Still,don'tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamaginggasgivingtoomuch.
Kidswillfeellikethey'renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon'tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfor
437/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
theiraccomplishments.
Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.If
praiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthat
deservesaverbalreward."Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren'seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardto
achieveagoal,"saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear:LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReally
Matters."Onethingtorememberisthatit'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters."
Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhe'soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,you
shouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalso
meanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.But
whateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate(相称的)totheamountofeffortyour
childhasputintoit.
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________________________________________________________________________________________________
【思路点拨】作为概要写作，要注意每段归纳主题句和关键词，然后通过词汇替换，句式转变等多种方式，
改写要点，要注意一定要用自己的语言，不可以完全照搬照抄。然后，添加衔接词，使得逻辑上要点之间能
够通顺、流畅。最后要注意单词拼写不要出现错误，大小写和标点符号也是关键，还要注意字数的控制，不
要少于40字或多于80字。
【参考范文】
Nowadays, parents tend to offer considerate praise to their children, hoping to boost their confidence, but it
may produce the opposite effect.（要点 1） However, no praise from parents also does harm to their
self-confidence. （要点 2） Therefore, experts claim that sincere praise should be given for the process not for
the result. Meanwhile, kids do deserve praise if they strive to do their duty. （要点 3） Anyway, the amount of
praise you have depends on how hard they work. （要点 4）
（浙江卷）概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It’sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.
Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus(校园)likevisitingand
438/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
seeingforyourselfthedorms,classroomsandathleticequipmentand,ofcourse,thestudents.Itseemsalittlecrazy
oncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareapplying
tohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsof
yourlife,anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.
There’snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact,alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhave
visitedcampus,andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon’tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulive
nearby,gocheckitout!
Ifcampusvisitsaren’tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplying
andgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou’dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheartacheifyourule
outnowthethingsthatyoudon’tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn’tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.
Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It’sa
chancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers,students,andcollegecounselors(顾问),anditwon’tcostyouapenny!
Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairatcollegeweeklive.com.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan’ttakethe
placeofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakean
informeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou’dliketoattend.
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________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】It’sreallyworthwhiletopayavisittotheirdesiredcollegespersonallybeforeapplying.Undoubtedly,students
shouldvisittheirlocalcolleges,whichmaybeincludedinapplications.Atleast,theyshouldvisittheschoolandfigure
outitsrealconditionsinadvance.Forstudentswhoareshortofmoneyandtime,registeringfortheonlinecollegefair
isagoodalternativetohelpthembetterunderstandschools.
【解析】本文要求阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要，即用尽可能少的词汇集中展现原材料的
主要思想和观点。这主要是考查学生把握文章主旨大意和段落大意的能力以及总结概括能力，熟练掌握从句、
非谓语动词等语法知识和遣词造句的能力。
1. 要先读懂、读透原作。这是准确再现原文、写好概要的前提。动笔前多读两遍原文，直至弄懂读透。
2. 抓住文中的关键句，确定写作主题。开头It'sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapply点明了本文主
题；Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,anddoalltheresearchyou
cantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There’snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.说明了去大
439/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
学看看的必要性和可行性；Ifcampusvisitsaren’tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldfind
sometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou’dliketoattend.在时间上提供
了更多选择；iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.
为不能亲自去大学看的学生提供了另外一种方法。
3.拟好提纲。有了提纲，写概要时就会有章法，也不会遗漏原作中的要点。
4.快速成文，反复推敲。按照文章要求和拟好的提纲一气呵成，写完初稿。
5.对照修改润色，再读原文，查看是否漏掉了重要信息或主要内容。用词是否恰当，可有可无的删掉。注意词
类、时态、语态的适当调整。
【点睛】
范文观点明确，重点突出，语言简练，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如定语从句whichmay
beincludedinapplications.和whoareshortofmoneyandtime.动名词registeringonline作主语，显示了很高的驾驭
英语的能力。
【精讲研法】
概要写作
一．概要写作的步骤 ：
（一）细读每段文章，画主题句，圈关键词，辨别主次信息
在阅读原文时，首先找到该段的主题句或中心句，并圈出重点信息词汇，分清主要信息和次要信息，
把修饰成分、细节内容、举例说明等次要信息删掉。
（二）用自己的语言，写出该段要点
概要写作要求学生用自己的语言准确地转述作者的要点，因此，不要整句抄原文，可以采用以下表
达方式：
1.替换法：同义词替换；单词替换短语；短语替换句子等
2.转换法：词性转换；句式转换；语态转换等
3.合并法：把几个信息合并在一个句子中表达；将原文多个简单句整合成一个句子等
（三）选用恰当的衔接词，把每段要点串连成篇
概要写作要求学生有效地使用语句间的连接成分,使所完成的概要逻辑连贯，衔接自然，结构紧凑。
常用的衔接词有：
表递进关系 besides, moreover, furthermore , in addition, what’s more,
what’s worse, worse still
表因果关系 therefore, thus , consequently, due to， owing to， thanks to
表转折关系 however, otherwise, anyway/ anyhow, although，even though
表对比关系 similarly, instead, on the contrary, on the other hand
表时间顺序关系 eventually, finally, gradually , immediately ， afterwards,
meanwhile/ meantime, in the meanwhile/meantime
表总结关系 in a word, in short, in conclusion, in brief, in
summary, in general, to sum up, on the whole
440/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
表情感关系 luckily, unfortunately, to one’s great joy/satisfaction/surprise
二．概要写作的注意事项 ：
（一）准确性：对原文信息理解准确，不能乱写
（二）完整性 ：概要是原文的浓缩，涵盖全部要点，不能遗漏
（三）概括性 ：语言精练，概括要点，不能超字数
（四）客观性：忠于原文，不能加自己的观点（以“第三人称”或“无人称”来概括）
【变式演练】
1．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Itisimportantthatyouteachyourbabytoreadatanearlyage.Why?Obviously,beingabletoreadisthebasisfor
anysuccessfuleducation,sotheearliertheystart,thebetter.Alltoooften,parentsleaveeducatingtheirchildrenupto
schools,whichprobablyexplainswhytheUnitedStatesiscurrentlyranked18thinitsrateofreadingandwriting.
Teachingyourbabytoreadprovidesbrainexerciseandithasalsobeenshowntoincreasethebaby’sIQbecause
thereissimplynobettertimeinaperson’slifeforlearningthanwhentheyarebabies.Duringthistime,theirbrainsare
developingrapidly.Thesoonertheybegintoread,thesoonertheycanbegintolearnothersubjects.Thisway,bythe
timeyourchildrenbeginschool,theywillalreadyknowwhat’sbeingtaught,andwillbeputonthefasttrack.Maybe
theywillevenskipagradedowntheroad.Oneofthecaseswas17-month-oldElizabethBarrettwhodrewpublic’s
attention.Shewasgivenaseriesofwordsandevensentencesthatshecouldreadquitewell.Herparentshadbeen
readingtohersinceshewasbornandhadprovidedherwithaveryearlyeducation.
Readingisthemostimportantthingtoteachbabiesatayoungage.Itdoesn’thavetobestressfulordifficultfor
yourchild.Learningcanbefunatsuchanearlyage,anditcanbeaccomplishedsoeasilythattheywon’thaveto
struggleinordertolearn.
Ifyou’reinterestedinteachingyourbabytoread，thebestwaytostartisbyspendingjustafewminuteseveryday.
Flashcardsareahelpfultool.Simplyshowyourbabymatchingpictureontheoppositeside.Therearealsovideosthat
helptoteachbabiestoread.Thereisnobettertimetoteachyourbabytoreadthanthepresent.
【答案】Teachingyourbabytoreadasyoungaspossibleiscrucialowingtothenecessityofobtaininggoodeducation.
(要点一)Itneedsstartingassoonaspossiblebecausebabies’intelligencewillbeimprovedwhentheirbrainsdevelop
fast.(要点二)Importantasitis,relaxationandeasinesscouldbebroughtintothelearningprocess.(要点三)Therefore,
forpeoplekeenonteachingbabiestoread,itishightimetobeginwithsparingsometimeregularlywitheffective
teachingmaterials.(要点四)
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，为了获得良好的教育，让你的孩子从小就学会阅读是非常重要的。这需要尽
441/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
快开始，因为婴儿的智力会随着大脑的快速发展而提高。重要的是，放松和轻松可以被带入学习过程。因此，
对于那些热衷于教宝宝阅读的人来说，现在应该从定期抽出一些时间来阅读有效的教材开始。
1.要点摘录
①Itisimportantthatyouteachyourbabytoreadatanearlyage.Why?Obviously,beingabletoreadisthebasisfor
anysuccessfuleducation,sotheearliertheystart,thebetter.
②Teachingyourbabytoreadprovidesbrainexerciseandithasalsobeenshowntoincreasethebaby’sIQbecause
thereissimplynobettertimeinaperson’slifeforlearningthanwhentheyarebabies.
③Learningcanbefunatsuchanearlyage,anditcanbeaccomplishedsoeasilythattheywon’thavetostrugglein
ordertolearn.
④Ifyou’reinterestedinteachingyourbabytoread，thebestwaytostartisbyspendingjustafewminuteseveryday.
⑤Thereisnobettertimetoteachyourbabytoreadthanthepresent.
2.缜密构思
要点二和要点三之间形成因果关系，整合四、五要点
3.遣词造句
①Teachingyourbabytoreadasyoungaspossibleiscrucialowingtothenecessityofobtaininggoodeducation.
②Itneedsstartingassoonaspossiblebecausebabies’intelligencewillbeimprovedwhentheirbrainsdevelopfast.
③Importantasitis,relaxationandeasinesscouldbebroughtintothelearningprocess.
④Therefore,forpeoplekeenonteachingbabiestoread,itishightimetobeginwithsparingsometimeregularlywith
effectiveteachingmaterials.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]
Teachingyourbabytoreadasyoungaspossibleiscrucialowingtothenecessityofobtaininggoodeducation.
（teaching为动名词作主语，用一个简单句总结了原文第一段的内容）
[高分句型2]
Importantasitis,relaxationandeasinesscouldbebroughtintothelearningprocess.（用as引导让步状语从句，总结
文章第三段的内容）
2．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Parentsalwayswantthebestfortheirchildrenandgivingthem;thebesteducationisalwaysontopofthelist.But
ifyouthinkeducationisalltheyneed,maybeyoushouldthinktwice.Sure,youlearnalotofthingsinschool,butthere
areimportantlessonsandskillsyouwillneedinlifethatonecanonlylearnathome.Therefore,teachingthechildrento
442/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
dohouseholdchoresisveryhelpfulintheirgrowth.Mostfamiliesnowadayshirehousemaidstodothechores,so
childrendon’tgettoexperiencedoingitanymore.Butstudiesarguethatit’sstillnecessarytoletchildrendothem.
Helpingathomecanbeatrainingplaceforyourchildrentowhateverresponsibilitiestheymayhaveinthefuture.
Bydoingso,theycanlearnwhatmightbeoftheiradvantagewhentheygrowup.“Performingchoresofferskidsa
feelingofself-sufficiency,helpsthemdevelopaworkethic,istiedtoacademicsuccessinschool,makesthemfeel
usefulandteachesthemtheimportanceofhelpingothersandcontributingtothegreatergood.”
Although,mostparentscanalsoarguethatitisnoteasytoforcetheirchildrentodochores.Itisanatureforthe
childrentorefusetodochoreswhentheyaretoldto.Buttherearewaysthatcanturnhouseholdchoresintoamore
likelyactivityforthechildren.First,startthemyoung.Thisdoesn’tmeanthatyouletyourchildrendohugetasksatan
earlyage.Youcangraduallyincreasetheleveloftasksastheygrowoldbutnevereverpushthemtoohard.Second,
appreciateeverylittleachievement.Praisethemorgivethemsomething.Childrenloverewardsanditdrivesthemtodo
better.
Mostimportantly,letthemknowthataskingthemtohelp-outisnotapunishment.Choresshouldneverbeusedas
apunishment.Theymightgetdoneintheshortterm,buttheeffectswon’tlast.Thisapproachdoesnotgivethechild
thefeelingofdoingsomethingbecauseitistherightthingtodo.Itonlymakesthemhatechoresandhopingouteven
more.Choresshouldbeusedasasenseofpurpose.Explaintothemthatitisfortheirbenefitandeverythingtheylearn
fromitisfortheiradvantage.
【答案】Teachingchildrentodohouseholdchoresisveryhelpfulintheirgrowth,whichcanmakehomeatraining
placeforyourchildrentowhateverresponsibilitiestheymayhaveinthefuture.Althoughit’shardtoforcechildrento
dochores,therearewaysthatcanturnhouseholdchoresintoamorelikelyactivityforthechildren.Butmost
importantly,choresshouldbeusedasasenseofpurposeinsteadofapunishment.
【解析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了让孩子学做家务对于孩子成长的重要性，它可以培养孩子的责任心，同时，
要运用合理的方式鼓励孩子学做家务，而不是将做家务作为惩罚，要让做家务成为一种使命感。
1.要点摘录
①Therefore,teachingthechildrentodohouseholdchoresisveryhelpfulintheirgrowth.
②Helpingathomecanbeatrainingplaceforyourchildrentowhateverresponsibilitiestheymayhaveinthefuture.
③Although,mostparentscanalsoarguethatitisnoteasytoforcetheirchildrentodochores.
④Buttherearewaysthatcanturnhouseholdchoresintoamorelikelyactivityforthechildren.
443/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
⑤Mostimportantly,letthemknowthataskingthemtohelp-outisnotapunishment.
⑥Choresshouldbeusedasasenseofpurpose.
2.缜密构思
将第①、②两个要点进行整合；将第③、④两个要点进行整合；将第⑤、⑥两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Teachingchildrentodohouseholdchoresisveryhelpfulintheirgrowth,whichcanmakehomeatrainingplacefor
yourchildrentowhateverresponsibilitiestheymayhaveinthefuture.
Althoughit’shardtoforcechildrentodochores,therearewaysthatcanturnhouseholdchoresintoamorelikely
activityforthechildren.
Butmostimportantly,choresshouldbeusedasasenseofpurposeinsteadofapunishment.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]Teachingchildrentodohouseholdchoresisveryhelpfulintheirgrowth,whichcanmakehomeatraining
placeforyourchildrentowhateverresponsibilitiestheymayhaveinthefuture.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第
一段和第二段进行了概括。其中which引导的非限制性定语从句等表达高级。
[高分句型2]：Althoughit’shardtoforcechildrentodochores,therearewaysthatcanturnhouseholdchoresintoa
morelikelyactivityforthechildren. 用although引导让步状语从句对第三段进行了概括，且句中“that”引导定语从
句修饰先行词“ways”，表达非常高级。
3．Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomore
than60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.
WhatIsZeroWaste?
Thegoalofthe“zerowaste”movementistogetridofallwastefromproducts.“Zerowaste”meansusingevery
partofaproduct.Today,thezerowasteideacanbefoundeverywherefromfoodtofashion.
Creatingazerowasterestaurantisachallenge.Itisverydifficulttouseeverypartofproduceandleavenothing
behind.Creatingasoupfromunusedingredientsisapopularwaytouseupextrafooditems.Otherwaysaremore
advanced.Somerestaurantsusecoffeegrounds（咖啡渣）toflavordishes.Somecooksalsocrushshrimpshellsand
reusetheminsauces.Whileit’schallenging,zerowasterestaurantsappeartobeontherise.
Inthefashionindustry,zerowasteisn’tanewidea.Butintoday’sworldoffastfashion,zerowasteisgrowing
morepopular.Usually,cuttingclothcreateslotsofwaste.Inzerowastefashion,designerstrytoavoidthis.Onewayto
dosoisbyaddingtheseextrapiecesofclothtothefinaldesign.Anotherwayistodesignclothingwithoutwasteful
cuts.
444/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
Beyondrestaurantsandfashion,therearemanyotherpossibilitiesforzerowasteproducts.Allrestaurantsneed
utensil（s 器皿）.Bakey’sisacompanythatisdevelopingedibl（e 可食用的）utensils.Afterusingthem,youcaneatthem!
Theirspoonsaremadeofflourandcomeinallkindsofflavors.Whilethesespoonsarenothardenoughtocutmeat,
theyareperfectforricedishes.Meanwhile,AirNewZealandisexperimentingwithediblecoffeecupsthataremadeby
thecompanyTwice.Theyhavealreadyintroducedalineofflavoredcups.Afteryoufinishyourcoffee,youeatthecup,
justlikeacookie!
Whetherproductsaremadetobeedibleorreusable,hopefullythemovementwillhelpreducewastealloverthe
world.
【答案】Zerowastemeanseliminatingallthewastesfromaproductandthemovementisgainingpopularity.Some
restaurantsareusingcreativewaystouseunusedingredientsorfoodleftovers.Fashiondesignerseitheravoid
unnecessarilycuttingclothorfindingnewusesforextracuts.Besides,Manycompaniesarecreatingedibleproducts
especiallyutensils.Hopefully,zerowastecampaigncanhelpreducewasteworldwide.
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了什么是零浪费。零浪费意味着从一个产品中消除所有的浪费，这个运动越来越
流行。一些餐馆正在创造性地使用未使用的配料或食物残羹剩饭。时装设计师要么避免不必要的裁剪布料，要
么寻找额外布料的新用途。此外，许多公司正在创造食用产品，特别是餐具。希望零浪费运动可以帮助减少全
球的废物。
1 要点摘录
1）“Zerowaste”meansusingeverypartofaproduct.Today,thezerowasteideacanbefoundeverywherefromfoodto
fashion.
2）Somerestaurantsusecoffeegrounds（咖啡渣）toflavordishes.Somecooksalsocrushshrimpshellsandreusethem
insauces.Whileit’schallenging,zerowasterestaurantsappeartobeontherise.
3）Onewaytodosoisbyaddingtheseextrapiecesofclothtothefinaldesign.Anotherwayistodesignclothing
withoutwastefulcuts.
4）Beyondrestaurantsandfashion,therearemanyotherpossibilitiesforzerowasteproducts.
5）Whetherproductsaremadetobeedibleorreusable,hopefullythemovementwillhelpreducewastealloverthe
world.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、3、4、5五个要点分别概括。
3.遣词造句
445/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
Zerowastemeanseliminatingallthewastesfromaproductandthemovementisgainingpopularity.
Somerestaurantsareusingcreativewaystouseunusedingredientsorfoodleftovers.
Fashiondesignerseitheravoidunnecessarilycuttingclothorfindingnewusesforextracuts.Besides,Manycompanies
arecreatingedibleproductsespeciallyutensils.
Hopefully,zerowastecampaigncanhelpreducewasteworldwide.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]Somerestaurantsareusingcreativewaystouseunusedingredientsorfoodleftovers.运用动词不定式作
定语修饰way，对第二段进行概括。
[高分句型2]：Fashiondesignerseitheravoidunnecessarilycuttingclothorfindingnewusesforextracuts.用avoid加
动名词作宾语，用either…or连接并列成分，对第三段进行概括，表达非常高级。
4．Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomore
than60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.
Ifyou’relikemostoftheworld,youmaketimeforfollowingfriendsonsocialmedia.Thatisnotabadthingatall.
Positivepostingandcommunicationcanhelpimproveyourconfidenceandsenseofconnectiontoothers.Itcanbe
surprisinglyeasy,though,tounconsciouslyslipintolesshealthfulbehavioronsocialmedia,andthatcanleadto
anxietyanddepression.Newresearchhasidentifiedwhichhabitscanleadtotroubles.
Doyoufeeljealouseverytimeyoureadonsocialmediaaboutyourcousin’sbeautifulnewhomeoryouboss’
excitingEuropeanvacation？ “Surveillance”ofthoseyouknowinordertogetaninsidelookoftheirmaterialsuccess
isapotentiallydestructivebehavior,accordingtoresearchersattheUniversityofMissouri.Measuringmaterialor
lifestyleachievementsofsomeoneyouknowcanleadtonegativefeelings,andcaneasilyleadyoutocreatetensionina
relationshipwheretherewasnone.
AsecondstudybytheUniversityofMissourifoundthatpeoplewhopostoften-aboutanythingandeverything
theyaredoing-experiencemoretroublesintheirmarriagesandromanticrelationshipsthanthosewhodon’tpostabout
theirlivesindetail.AnotherstudybyresearchersatBostonUniversityalsofoundthatheavysocialmediausersare
32%morelikelytothinkaboutleavingtheirhusbandsorwives.
Thisismostlikelybecauseover-sharingyourlifewithothersbydirectmessagingandpostingimagescancreate
relationshipconflict.Notonlyareyoupotentiallydevelopingbondswithnewpeople,butalsothatbondingmaydeepen
andaffectyourownrelationship,accordingtothestudyofadoctoralstudent,RussellClayton.
【答案】It’snormaltofollowothersonsocialmedia.Positivebehaviorsonithelpimproveyourconfidenceandsense
ofconnectiontootherswhileinappropriatebehaviorsmaymakeyoufeelanxiousanddepressed.Readingtoomuchof
446/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
others’materialsuccessmaycausenegativefeelingsandover-sharingyourlifewithothersmayalsocreaterelationship
conflicts.
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，在社交媒体上关注别人很正常。积极的行为有助于提高你的信心和与他人的
联系，而不恰当的行为会让你感到焦虑和抑郁。过多地阅读别人的物质成就可能会导致消极的感觉，过多地与
他人分享你的生活也可能会造成关系冲突。
1.要点摘录
①Ifyou’relikemostoftheworld,youmaketimeforfollowingfriendsonsocialmedia.Thatisnotabadthingatall.
②Positivepostingandcommunicationcanhelpimproveyourconfidenceandsenseofconnectiontoothers.Itcanbe
surprisinglyeasy,though,tounconsciouslyslipintolesshealthfulbehavioronsocialmedia,andthatcanleadto
anxietyanddepression.
③Measuringmaterialorlifestyleachievementsofsomeoneyouknowcanleadtonegativefeelings,andcaneasilylead
youtocreatetensioninarelationshipwheretherewasnone.Thisismostlikelybecauseover-sharingyourlifewith
othersbydirectmessagingandpostingimagescancreaterelationshipconflict.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3两个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
It’snormaltofollowothersonsocialmedia.
Positivebehaviorsonithelpimproveyourconfidenceandsenseofconnectiontootherswhileinappropriatebehaviors
mamakeyoufeelanxiousanddepressed.
Readingtoomuchofothers’materialsuccessmaycausenegativefeelingsandover-sharingyourlifewithothersmay
alsocreaterelationshipconflicts.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]Positivebehaviorsonithelpimproveyourconfidenceandsenseofconnectiontootherswhile
inappropriatebehaviorsmamakeyoufeelanxiousanddepressed.运用while连接并列句，表示前后的对比，对原文
第一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2]Readingtoomuchofothers’materialsuccessmaycausenegativefeelingsandover-sharingyourlifewith
othersmayalsocreaterelationshipconflicts.运用了动名词短语作主语，对第二段和第四段进行了概括。
5．Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomore
than60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.
SolvingtheProblemofE-Waste
447/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
Oneoftheproblemsdamagingourplanetisthenumberofthingswethrowaway.Amorerecentadditiontothelist
ofthingswechuckawayise-waste-electronicitemsthatarebrokenandnotrecycled.
Tonnesoftelevisions,phones,andotherelectronicequipmentarediscardedchieflybecausewelacktheskillsto
repairthem.Fortunately,nowsolutionsarebeingfoundtogivee-wasteanewlife.
There'sagrowingtrendforrepaireventsandclubswhichcouldbepartofasolutiontothegrowingamountof
electricalandelectronicjunk.ARestartProjectinLondon,isonethatmanyfoundaroundtheworld.Oneofits
volunteers,FrancescoCalo,saidthat"thisprojectallowsyoutoreducewaste,extendthelifeofobjects,andithelps
peoplewhocannotaffordtogetridofitemsthathavedevelopedafault.
Asmanyelectricalitemscontainvaluablemetals,anotherideaise-wastemining.AnexperimentattheUniversity
ofNewSouthWalesinvolvesextractingthesematerialsfromelectronicappliances.It'sthoughtthatdoingthiscouldbe
moreprofitablethantraditionalmining.
Theseprojectsmaketotalsense---collectionsofe-wasteforrecyclingaredepressingorevendecreasing"
accordingtoRuedigerKuehr,oftheUnitedNationsUniversity.Andincountrieswherethereisnolaws,muchofitjust
getsdumped.However,theEuropeanUnion,forexample,istryingtotackletheproblembyinsistingmanufacturers
havetomakeapplianceslonger-lastingandwillhavetosupplysparepartsformachinesforupto10years.
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【答案】Oneoftheproblemsdestroyingourplanetisthestuffwethrowaway,especiallybrokenandnotrecycled
electronicitems. Fortunately,peoplearefindingsolutionstogivee-wasteanewlife.Repaireventsaswellasclub
couldbeofhelp,ande-wasteminingisalsoanewwaytodealwiththeproblemofe-waste.Besides,thereareeven
lawsinsistingmanufacturersmakeapplianceslonger-lastinginsomecountries.
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，破坏人类地球环境的问题之一是我们扔掉的东西太多了。近年来，在我们扔
掉的东西清单上又增加了一项——坏了、无法回收的电子产品。本文介绍一些用来处理电子垃圾问题的新方法。
1 要点摘录
①Oneoftheproblemsdamagingourplanetisthenumberofthingswethrowaway..
②nowsolutionsarebeingfoundtogivee-wasteanewlife.
③There'sagrowingtrendforrepaireventsandclubswhichcouldbepartofasolutiontothegrowingamountof
448/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
electricalandelectronicjunk.
④Asmanyelectricalitemscontainvaluablemetals,anotherideaise-wastemining.
⑤theEuropeanUnion,forexample,istryingtotackletheproblembyinsistingmanufacturershavetomakeappliances
longer-lasting
2.缜密构思 将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Oneoftheproblemsdestroyingourplanetisthestuffwethrowaway,especiallybrokenandnotrecycledelectronic
items.
Fortunately,Peoplearefindingsolutionstogivee-wasteanewlife.
Repaireventsaswellasclubcouldbeofhelp,ande-wasteminingisalsoanewwaystodealwiththeproblemof
e-waste.
Besides,thereareevenlawsinsistingmanufacturersmakeapplianceslonger-lastinginsomecountries.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]Oneoftheproblemsdestroyingourplanetisthestuffwethrowaway,especiallybrokenandnotrecycled
electronicitems. 运用一个定语从句对原文第一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2]： Repaireventsaswellasclubcouldbeofhelp,ande-wasteminingisalsoanewwaytodealwiththe
problemofe-waste. 用并列句对三四段内容进行概括。
449/450衡水英语2022届——英语一本通高分手册
450/450
