2015年逐词逐句精讲册_41考研英语一二历年真题解析_英语二_解析册+逐词逐句册

2015年考研英语(二)真题逐词逐句精讲 Section I Use of English ❶ In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with—or even looking at—a stranger is virtually unbearable.在我们的当代文化中，与陌生人交流一或甚至是看陌生人一眼——这种情景几乎令人难以忍受。 —级修饰 In our contemporary culture, ［介词短语作句子主干的状语 句子主干 the prospect...is virtually unbearable.（主+系+表） [介词短语作后置定语，修饰the prospect 一级修饰 of communicating with...a stranger [补充说明 二级修饰 ―or even looking at— contemporary * [ksn'temprsri] a.当代的 p*rospect ['prospekt] n.希望；前景[pra'spekt] vi.探矿 virtually [v3：坑Mi]诚几乎；事实上 unbearable [An'besrsbl] a.难以忍受的；难以处理的 ❷ Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to their phones, even without a signal on a subway.，寸于这一 说法，我们身边的每个人似乎都同意，他们抱着手机不放，即使地铁里没有信号。 一级修饰 around us :介词短语作后置定语，修饰Everyone 句子主干 Everyone...seems to agree (主+谓) ［介词短语作句子主干的方式状语 —级修饰 by the way ［省略(in which )或关系词(that )的定语从句，修饰the way 二级修饰 they cling to their phones, [介词短语作让步状语 三级修饰 even without a signal on a subway. agree女［Sgri：］ y.同意；答应 cling to紧抓；不愿放弃；坚持 signal *［'signQl］ n.信号；信号灯 subway * fsAbwei］ n.地铁；地下通道 ❶ It's a sad reality― ur desire to avoid interacting with other human beings—because there's much to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you.我们想要避免与他人交流，这是个可悲的现实，因为与站在身旁的陌生人 交谈会让你受益很多。三级修饰 with other human beings— ［介词短语作状语，表对象 二级修饰 to avoid interacting ］动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰our desire 一级修饰 —our desire ]解释说明a sad reality 句子主干 Ifsasadreality （主+系+表） | because引导的原因状语从句，作句子主干的原因状语 —级修饰 because there's much ［动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰much 二级修饰 to be gained from talking to the stranger 现在分词短语作后置定语,［修饰the stranger 三级修饰 standing by you. i词汇注释i r*eality [ri^bti] 现实；事实 interact * [jntar^kt] vi.交流；相互影响 ❷But you wouldn't know it, plugged into your phone.但是你认识不到这一点，一心沉浸在自己的手机中。 句子主干 But you wouldn't know it,（主+谓+宾） ［过去分词短语作句子主干的伴随状语 一级修饰 plugged into your phone. i词汇注释i Plug into参与（文中引申为“沉浸其中”） ❸ This universal protection sends the message: "Please don't approach me."这种人们采取的普遍保护方式传递出这 样一种信息：“请不要靠近我。” 句子主干 This universal protection sends the message：（主+谓+宾） 解释说明the message | —级修饰 "Please don't approach me." i词汇注释； universal * Lju:nfv3：sl］ a.普遍的；广泛适用的 approach * ［a'prgutf］ v.靠近，接近几方法 ❶What is it that makes us feel we need to hide behind our screens?是什么让我们觉得需要躲在自己的手机屏幕后 面呢？ is it that |is it that为强调句型的特殊疑问形式，强调What 句子主干 What...makes us （to） feel （主+谓+宾+宾补） ［省略引导词（that）的宾语从句，作feel的宾语 we need to hide 介词短语作状语J修饰hide —级修饰 behind our screens? 本句是强调句的特殊疑问形式，还原为正常语序为It is what that makes us feel we need to hide behind our screens o第四段] O One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, an executive mental coach,高级心理培训师乔恩•沃特曼认为，答 案之一是恐惧。 句子主干 One answer is fear,（主+系+表） 插入语[ 一级修饰 according to Jon Wortmann, Jon Wortmann的同位语] 二级修饰 an executive mental coach. 质区释〕 executive * [ig'zekjstiv] a.高级的 n.经理 coach 玄[kautf] n.辅导教师；教练 ❷ We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be misinterpreted as ''weird."我们害怕被拒绝，或者害 怕自己单纯的主动社交行为会被误解为是“怪异的”。 We fear rejection,（主+谓+宾） 句子主干 一级修饰 质匚薄 ❸We fear we'll be judged.我们害怕会被品头论足。 We fear （主+谓+宾从） 句子主干 |省略引导词（that ）的宾语从句，作fear的宾语 we'll be judged. | or连接的并列宾语 or that our innocent social advances will be misinterpreted |介词短语作our...advances的补足语 as "weird." or连接的并列宾语中，第二个宾语是由that引导的宾语从句，作fear的宾语，从句的主语是our innocent social advances,谓语 will be misinterpreted 使用了一般将来式的被动语态。 rejection [n'd3ekfn] ".拒绝；摒弃 advances * [ad'va:nsiz] n. [pl.]（表示友好的）主动姿态 misinterpret [.mism'ts^nt] vt.误解；曲解 weird ☆ [wiod] a.怪异的；奇怪的 ❹We fear we'll be disruptive.我们害怕会打扰到他人。 We fear （主+谓+宾从） 句子主干 [省略引导词（that）的宾语从句，作fear的宾语 we'll be disruptive. 词汇注释'、、、disruptive [dis'rAptiv] a.扰乱性的；破坏性的 第五段 O Strangers are inherently unfamiliar to us, so we are more likely to feel anxious when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.我们本来就对陌生人不熟悉，因此比起朋友和熟人，我们与陌生人 交流时更有可能会感到焦虑。 3一级修饰 to us, 介词短语作状语,［表对象 （l）Strangers are inherently urJamiliar （主+系+表） 句子主干 I so连接的并列句，表因果 （2）so we are more likely to feel anxious （主+系+表） -级修饰 | when引导的时间状语从句，作（2）句的时间状语 when （we are） communicating with them 过去分词短语作（2）句的比较状语 compared with our friends and acquaintances. 词汇注释 inherently [m'hiarsntli] ad.固有地；天性地 unfamiliar [.Anf^nnlis^）] a.不熟悉的；陌生的 ❷To avoid this uneasiness, we turn to our phones,为了避免这种不自在,我们求助于自己的手机。 —级修饰 To avoid this uneasiness, l动词不定式短语作句子主干的目的状语 句子主干 we turn to our phones.（主+谓+宾） ：词汇注释 uneasiness [Anizinos] n.不安，局促 turn to 求助于 ❸"Phones become our security blanket,,, Wortmann says.手机成了我们的安全毯，”沃特曼说。 句子主干 翌埋!竺些2竺5£全致?££^!&^^!^£^ Wortmann says.（宾+主+谓） :词汇注释:security blanket安全毯；安慰物 ❹"They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more dangerous.""它们就是我们的 快乐眼镜，保护我们免受那些我们觉得会更危险的情况的伤害。” 句子主干 “They are our happy glasses （主+系 +表） that引导的定语从句,］修饰our happy glasses —级修饰 that protect us [介词短语作状语 二级修饰 from what we perceive is going to be more dangerous." 词汇注释 happy glasses快乐眼镜（出自美国动画片Dave the Barbarian《野蛮人戴夫》的最后一集，Fang 和Dave等人戴上这副眼镜后，看到了自己心中所想的世界） 第六段 ❶ But once we rip off the band-aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn't hurt so bad.然而，一旦 我衍撕掉这个创可贴，将我们的智能手机塞进口袋，然后抬起头来，情况其实也没有那么糟糕。 once we rip off the band-aid, |并列谓宾 —级修饰 tuck our smartphones in our pockets | and连接的并列谓语 and look up, once引导的条件状语从句，作句子主干的条件状语 句子主干 But...it doesn't hurt （主+谓） ［副词短语作状语，表程度 一级修饰 so bad. 4J rip off撕掉；敲诈；剥削 band-aid fbaend eid] n.创苗贴 ❷ In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable： Start a conversation.在2011年的一次实验中，行为科学家尼古拉斯-埃普利和朱莉安娜-施罗德 让通勤者做了一件不可思议的事情：主动（与人）交谈。 behavioral scientists 一级修饰 Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder的同位语 In one 2011 experiment, l介词短语作句子主干的状语 Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters （主+谓+宾+宾补） 句子主干 动词不定式短语作commuters的补足语［ to do the unthinkable： 解释说明the unthinkable : 一级修饰 Start a conversation. 要点注释'、，、Start a conversation为"谓语+宾语”结构的祈使句。 词汇注蒋:e*xperiment [ik'spenmant] n.实验；试验 behavioral [bi'heivjarsl] a.行为的 commuter [ks'mju^g^）] n.通勤者 unthinkable [An'Oigksbl] a.不可思议的 ❸They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow passengers.他们让芝加哥列车上的通勤者与同行的乘客 交谈。 句子主干 They had Chicago train commuters （to） talk to their fellow passengers.（主+谓+宾+宾补） ❹"When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to predict how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their ride would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," The New York Times summarizes. “当埃普利博士和施罗德女士让同一车站的其他通勤者预测他们与陌生人交谈之后是什么 感受时，那些通勤者认为，如果独自坐着，他们的旅程会更加愉快”，《纽约时报》总结道。 二级修饰 after talking to a stranger, 介词短语作宾语从句的时间状语] how they would feel —级修饰 how引导的宾语从句，作predict的宾语] "When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to predict When引导的时间状语从句，作直接引语的时间状语 The New York Times summarizes.（宾+主+谓） 直接引语作summarizes的宾语| 句子主干 the commuters thought 省略引导词（that）的宾语从句，[作thought的宾语 their ride would be more pleasant if引导的条件状语从句,[作宾语从句的条件状语 _级修饰 if they sat on their own,” 词汇注释 predict * [pn'dikt] vt.预测；预言 summarize ☆ ['sAinaraiz] u 总结；概括 5© Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they went through with the experiment, "not a single person reported having been embarrassed.”尽管实验参与者并没有期待会有一次积极体验，但当他们完成实验后, “没有一个人称自己感到尴尬” O Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, -级修饰 Though引导的让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语 after they went through with the experiment, , [after引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语 句子主干 “not a single person reported having been embarrassed/9 （主+谓+宾） 要点注释 after they...中，主语是they,谓语是went through with,宾语是the experimento注意，因表否定 意义的副词not后跟的谓语reported为肯定形式，故句子主干部分表示完全否定。 词汇注释 p*articipant [pa^tisipsnt] n.参与者 go through with sth.完成艰难（或令人不快）的事 embarrassed [im'baerast] a.尴尬的 第七段〕 O In fact, these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication, which makes absolute sense, since human beings thrive off of social connections.事实上，据称与那些没有与人进行交流的上下 班路途相比，这些与人有交流的上下班路途更加令人愉快，这是完全合乎情理的，因为人类是在社会联系中 发展起来的。 二级修饰 without communication, 介词短语作后置定语]修饰those compared with those 一级修饰 过去分词短语作句子主干的比较状语 In fact, [插入语 ，， 句子主干 these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable （主+系+表） [ which引导的非限定性定语从句，补充说明句子主干 —级修饰 which makes absolute sense, | since引导的原因状语从句 - 二级修饰 since human beings thrive off [介词短语作原因状语从句的状语 三级修饰 of social connections. ：：词汇注薜：a*bsolute faebssluit] a.完全的；绝对的 t*hrive [Oraiv] vi.繁荣；兴旺 ❷It's that simple: Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.道理很简单：与陌生人交谈能够让你感受到自己 与他人之间的联系。 句子主干 It's that single:（主+系+表） |解释说明It Talking to strangers can make you 一级修饰 | you的补足语 （to） feel connected. 6Section U Reading Comprehension Part A ✓ ///// ✓/////////✓//// ///// / / / / ✓ / / ✓ ✓/✓//. / / Text 1 第一段】 ❶ A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. —*项新研 究表明，与大多数调查相反，人们实际上在家比上班压力更大。 A new study suggests （主+谓+宾从） 句子主干 [that引导的宾语从句，作suggests的宾语 that...people are actually more stressed at home J形容词短语作宾语从句的比较状语' contrary to most surveys, —级修饰 than...作比较状语 than at work. :词汇注释 contrary * [tontrari] a.相反的 stressed [strest] a.紧张的；焦虑不安的 ❷ Researchers measured people's cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.研究人员分别检测了人们上班和在家时体内的皮质 醇水平（压力大小的标志），结果发现人们在本应是庇护所的地方，体内的皮质醇水平反而更高。 ana while they were at home | and连接并列的时间状语从句 _级修饰 while they were at work while引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语 which is a stress marker, [which引导的非限定性定语从句，补充说明people's cortisol Researchers measured people's cortisol,（主+谓+宾） ... .... 句子主干 | and连接的并列谓宾 and found it higher ]介词短语作地点状语 —级修饰 at what is supposed to be a place of refuge. 词汇注释 m* easure [*me3a （r）] v,测量儿措施；方法 cortisol ['ko:ti,SDl] n.皮质醇 suppose * [*pS90UZ] v,认为 vt.假设 refuge * [,refju:d3] «.庇护；避难所 第二段 O "Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at h*ome/ writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damaske.其中一位研究人员萨拉•达马斯克写道："与普遍看 法更为矛盾的是，我们发现女性和男性一样，上班时的压力水平低于在家时的压力水平。” 7than at home,^, —级修饰 than...作比较状语 “Further contradicting conventional wisdom, 现在分词短语作状语 ，， that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work ,, [that引导的宾语从句，作found的宾语 句子主干 we found [直接引语作writes的宾语 writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damaske.（倒装句：宾+谓+主） !词汇生蜂 i c*ontradict [.kontrs'dikt] vr.与... 矛盾；反驳 conventional [kan'venfbnl] a 遍的；传统的 ❷In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.她指出,事实上，女性甚至说她们上班时感觉更好。 —级修饰 血fact __________ [插入语 women even say （主+谓+宾从） 句子主干 [ ]省略引导词（that）的宾语从句，作say的宾语 they feel better at work, __________ 插入语 —级修饰 she notes. ❸“It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.""声称在家比上班更快乐的是男性而非 女性。” "It is... who 句子主干 [it is...who为强调句型，强调men men,...report being happier at home （主+谓+宾） [补充说明men not women, —级修饰 than...作比较状语 than at work." ❹ Another surprise is that the findings hold true fbr both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. 另一个令人惊讶的结论是，该发现对有子女和无子女的夫妇来说都适用，但对无子女的夫妇来说更为适用。 Another surprise is...（主+系+表从） 句子主干 [that引导的表语从句 that the findings hold true |介词短语作状语，表对象 for both those with children and without, 一级修饰 | but连接并列的介词短语 but more so for nonparents. :词汇｝主释 i hold true for...对... 同样适用 nonparent LnDiTpegnt] ”.无子女者 ❺This is why people who work outside the home have better health.这就是为什么在外工作的人身体更健康。 8This is...（主+系+表从） 句子主干 [why引导的表语从句 why people...have better health. [who引导的定语从句，修饰people 一级修饰 who work [介词短语作地点状语 二级修饰 outside the home 第三段] ❶ What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they're at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office.该研究没有考量人们在家时是否继续工作，无论做的是家务还是从办 公室带回家的工作。 What the study doesn't measure is...（主从+系+表从） 句子主干 whether引导的表语从句[ whether people are still doing work [when引导的时间状语从句,’ 作表语从句的时间状语 when they're at home, —级修饰 whether...or引导的让步状语从句， 作表语从句的让步状语 whether it is household work or work 过去分词短语作后置定语J修饰work 二级修饰 brought home from the office. '、、、、词汇注释 household 虫 fhaushsuld] a.家庭的；家用的 office * fnfis] n.办公室 ❷For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back.对于许多男性来说,工作日结束之时便是放松的时刻。 For many men, 一级修饰 介词短语作句子主干的状语，表对象 to kick back. j动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰a time 句子主干 the end...is a time （主+系+表） ，介词短语作后置定语，修饰the end 一级修饰 of the workday 词汇注释 workday ['w3：kdei] n.工作日 kick back放松；踢回 ❸For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office.而对于待在家中的女性来说，她们从未"离开办公室”。 二级修饰 who stay home, [who引导的定语从句，修饰women 一级修饰 For women [介词短语作句子主干的状语，表对象 句子主干 they never get to leave the office.（主+谓+宾） 9❹ And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks.对于在外工作的女性 而言，她们回家后经常要赶着处理家务。 三级修饰 outside the home, ［介词短语作地点状语 二级修饰 who work ［who引导的定语从句，修饰women 一级修饰 fbr women ［介词短语作状语，表对象 句子主干 And...they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks.（主+谓+宾） ❺ With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it5s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.由于角色的模糊,以及职业女性在家庭大 后方比在职场中更难做出调整这一事实，女性在家中感到压力更大也就不足为奇了。 三级修饰 in making adjustments for working women, ［介词短语作状语 二级修饰 that the home front lags well behind the workplace that引导的同位语从句，解释说明the fact 一级修饰 句子主干 | With the blurring of roles, and （with） the fact ［and连接并列的介词短语作句子主干的原因状语 it's not surprising （主+系+表） ［it为形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语 that women are more stressed at home. 词汇注释 blur^ [bl3：(r)] y.(使)变得模糊不清n.模糊不清 adjustment ［9'd3AStmant］ n.调整；调节 第四段] ❶But it's not just a gender thing.但是，这不仅仅是性别的问题。 句子主干 But it's not just a gender thing.（主+系+表） 词汇注释i gender ☆ [,d3end3(r)] 〃.性别；(语法中名词、代词或形容词的)性 ❷ At work, people pretty much know what they're supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income,上班时,人们非常清楚自己应该做什么：工作、挣钱、做他们必须做的任务以获得收入。 一级修饰 At work, ］介词短语作句子主干的状语 people pretty much know （主+谓+宾从） 句子主干 what引导的宾语从句，［作know的宾语 what t*rheey supposed to be doing: ［举例说明 working, making money, doing the tasks 省略关系词（which/that）的定语从句，修饰the tasks | they have to do 二级修饰 介词短语作目的状语 in order to draw an income. 10❸ The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.这种交易十分纯粹：员工投入数小时的体力或脑力劳动，赚取维持生计的收入。 句子主干 The bargain is very pure:（主+系+表） ］解释说明句子主干 Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor 一级修饰 and连接的并列句 and employee draws out life-sustaining moola. b*argain 「ba:gon] n.交易；便宜货 vi.讨价还价 e*mployee [im^loii:] n.雇员；受雇者 p*hysical ['fizikl] a.身体的；物质的 mental★ [mentl] a.脑力的；智力的；思想的 draw out提取；取出；拉长，延长 moola ['muils] «.（美国俚语）金钱；钞票 ❶On the home front, however, people have no such clarity.然而，在家庭大后方，人们就分得没这么清楚了。 一级修饰 On the home front, 句子主干 however, people have no such clarity,（主+谓+宾） J front * ［frAnt］儿（某个）方面；前面；正面 clarity去［%政。ti］ 清楚；明晰 ❷ Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out.很少有家庭能非常客 观且有条不紊地安排家务分工。 句子主干 Rare is the household （倒装句：表+系+主） [介词in+which引导的定语从句，修饰the household 一级修饰 in which the division of labor is...laid out. and连接并列的副词短语作状语J修饰is.Jaidout 二级修饰 so clinically and （so） methodically rare玄[re9（r）] a.罕见的；稀有的 clinically [^hmkli] ad.客观地；临床上 methodically [mg^dikli] ad.有条不紊地 lay out安排；规划；摆放 ❸ There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them,家中不但有大量家务要做，而且大 多数家务劳动都没有足够的回报。 一级修饰 to be done, ［动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰a lot of tasks （l）There are a lot of tasks （There be句型：There + are +主） 句子主干 并列句 （2）there are inadequate rewards （There be句型：there + are + 主） 介词短语作后置定语,［修饰inadequate rewards —级修饰 for most of them. i词汇注释i inadequate [i^aedikwst] a.不足的；不够的；不能胜任的 ❹ Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they'reteenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices.家中的同事，即你的家人，无法从他们的劳 动中获得明确的回报；他们需要被说服去做家务，或者倘若他们是青少年，甚至要以彻底没收所有的电子设 备相威胁。 fbr their labor; -级修饰 介词短语作后置定语， 修饰clear rewards your family— [Your home colleagues 的同位语 （1） Your home colleagues...have n^cleai^rewards （主+谓+宾） |并列句 句子主干 （2） they need to be talked into it,（主+谓+宾） —级修饰 | or连接的并列句 ⑶ or...（they need tob^Jthreatened （主+谓+宾） 作（3）句的条件状语 | if引导的条件状语从句， if they're teenagers, 介词短语作（3）句的方式状语 with complete removal of all electronic devices. 词汇注释 talk into说服；劝服；取得 removal * [n'muivl] n.移动；清除；搬迁 ❺Plus, they're your family.而且，他们是你的家人。 句子主干 Plus, they're your family.（主+系 +表） ❻You cannot fire your family.你无法解雇自己的家人。 句子主干 You cannot fire your family.（主+谓+宾） You never really get to go home from home.你也永远不能真正地摆脱家务劳动。 句子主干 You never really get to go home （主+谓+宾） ]介词短语作状语 一级修饰 from home. 第六段〕 O So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home.因此，人们在家中压力更大就不足为奇了。 So ifs not surprising （主+系+表） 句子主干 [it为形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语 that people are more stressed at home. ❷ Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.不仅仅是由于家务劳动似乎是 无穷无尽的，还因为激发“同事们”的劳动积极性要困难得多。 ⑴Not only are the tasks apparently infinite,（倒装句：系+主+表） 句子主干 | Not only...（but also）连接的并列句 （2）the co-workers are much harder （主+系+表） 动词不定式作状语j 一级修饰 to motivate. 12词汇注释；infinite *pmfm 9t] 无穷尽的；极多的 motivate * ['msotiveit] vt.激发；驱使 Text 2 第一段 O For years, studies have found that first-generation college students—those who do not have a parent with a college degree—lag other students on a range of education achievement factors.多年来，研究已经发现，第一代大学生- 他们的父母都没有大学学历一在一系列学业成就方面均落后于其他学生。 —级修饰 For years, I介词短语作句子主干的时间状语 studies have found (主+谓+宾从) 句子主干 [that引导的宾语从句，作have found的宾语 that first-generation college students—those...lag other students who引导的定语从句，修饰those] who do not have a parent with a college degree— 一级修饰 介词短语作状语，表范围 on a range of education achievement factors. ；词汇注释:l*ag [laeg] w.落后于时间间隔 f*actor [*faekt 9(r)] 因素 ❷ Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher.他们考试成绩更低，辍学率更高。 (1) Their grades are lower (主+系+表) 句子主干 | and连接的并列句 (2) and their dropout rates are higher.(主+系+表) '■词汇注释« dropout [*dn )paut] a.辍学的；退学的 rate * [reit] n.比率；速度 ❸ But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them.但由于这类学生一旦成功完成高等教育，便最有可能 在经济上取得发展，因此各高校数十年来一直在努力招收更多这类学生。 二级修饰 if they succeed in higher education, [if引导的条件状语从句，作原因状语从句的条件状语 —级修饰 since such students are most likely to advance economically [since引导的原因状语从句，作句子主干的原因状语 句子主干 But...colleges and universities have pushed...to recruit more of them.（主+谓+宾） [介词短语作句子主干的时间状语 _级修饰 for decades 词汇注释 economically Li:kdin)nnkli] ad.在经济上；经济地 recruit [*knru:t] vt.招收，招募〃.新兵 ❹ This has created "a paradox" in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has "continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close,, an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.这就产生了 “一种自相矛盾的现象”，(高校)虽然招收了第一代大学生，但随后却目睹他们中的很多人走向失败，这 13意味着高等教育在“继续再现并扩大，而非缩小”基于社会阶层的成就差距，一篇即将发表在《心理科学》 杂志上的论文在其令人沮丧的开篇语中如此写道。 句子主干 This has created "a paradox"(主+谓+宾) .... *........... . |inthat引导的原因状语从句，作句子主干的原因状语 in that recruiting first-generation students,...means | but连接并列的动名词短语 but then watching many of them fail, -级修饰 that引导的宾语从句， 作means的宾语 that higher education has "continued to...close,, an achievement gap 插入语 according to the depressing beginning of a paper 形容词短语作后置定语,[修饰a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science. 二级修饰 形容词短语作后置定语，修饰an achievement gap based on social class, 要点注释 in that ...gap中，in that是固定搭配，意为“因为”，用于引导原因状语从句。that引导的宾语 从句中，主语是 higher education,谓语是 has continued,动词不定式短语 to reproduce and widen, rather than close an achievement gap 为宾语。 词汇注释 p*aradox ['paeradnks] n.自相矛盾 forthcoming[ifo:0'kAmig] a.即将发生（或出版等）的 第二段. ❶ But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.但这篇论文实际上相当乐观，因为文中概述 了一种解决该问题的可能方案，提议有一种方法(涉及一个时长一小时、几乎零成本的项目)可以将第一代 大学生与其他学生之间的成就差距(以成绩等因素为衡量标准)缩小63%。 句子主干 But the article is actually quite optimistic,(主+系+表) [as引导的原因状语从句，作句子主干的原因状语 —级修饰 as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, [现在分词短语作伴随状语 二级修饰 suggesting that an approach...can close 63 percent of the achievement gap :补充说明an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) 补充说明 the achievement gap 三级修饰 (measured by such factors as grades) 介词短语作后置定语，修饰the achievement gap between first-generation and other students. 要点注释i 二级修饰suggesting that..,中，that引导的宾语从句，作suggesting的宾语。 词汇注释 optimistic * [.Dptfnnstik] a.乐观的；乐观主义的 outline^ faotlain] vt.概述；显示... 的轮廓 potential * [pa'tenfl]。•可能的；潜在的 approach * [a'prsutf ] n.方法；途径机接近 14a 第三段 O The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university.该论文的作者们来自不同的大学，他们的调研结果 基于一项研究，该研究的对象涉及一所匿名私立大学的147名学生(他们均完成了该项目)。 (1) The authors of the paper are from different universities,(主+系+表) 句子主干 |and连接的并列句 (2) and their findings are based (主+系+表) 介词短语作状语j表对象 —级修饰 on a study 现在分词短语作后置定语，［修饰a study 二级修饰 involving 147 students 补充说明147 students | (who completed the project) 三级修饰 介词短语作后置定语，修饰147 students at an unnamed private university. ❷ First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree.第一代大学生被定义为父母均未 获得四年制大学学历的学生。 句子主干 First generation was defined (主+谓) ［介词短语作First generation的补足语 一级修饰 as not having a parent ［介词短语作后置定语，parent 二级修饰 with a fbur-year college degree. ❸ Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.大多数第一代大学生(59.1%)是佩尔助学金(一项专门用于资助有经济需求的大学本科生的联邦助 学金)的获得者，而那些父母至少有一方拥有大学本科学历的学生中，仅有8.6%的人能够获得该项助学金。 三级修饰 for undergraduates with financial need, 介词短语作后置定语,［修饰a federal grant 二级修饰 a federal grant I Pell Grants的同位语 of Pell Grants, —级修饰 介词短语作后置定语，修饰recipients (59.1 percent) ［补充说明Most of...students (1) Most of the first-generation students...were recipients (主+系+表) 句子主干 | while连接的并列句，表对比 (2) while this was true (主+系+表) ［介词短语作状语，表对象 _级修饰 only for 8.6 percent of the students 介词短语作后置定语,［修饰the students 二级修饰 with at least one parent with a four-year degree. 15词汇注释 r*ecipient [n'sipiont] n.接受者；受方 grant去[gra:nt] n.补助金vt.同意 federal * ffedorsl] a.联邦的；联邦政府的 financial * [fai'naenfl] a.资金的；财务的 第四段 O Their thesis—that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact—was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students.他们的论题——相对较小的干预会产生巨大的影响——基于这样一种视角,即第一代大学生 最缺乏的可能不是潜力，而是关于如何处理多数大学生都会面临的问题的实用知识。 —级修饰 —that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact— [that引导的同位语从句，解释说明Their thesis 句子主干 Their thesis...was based （主+系+表） 介词短语作状语,[表对象 —级修饰 on the view that引导的同位语从句，[解释说明the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential | not... but连接的并列成分 二级修饰 but in practical knowledge 介词短语作后置定语，修饰practical knowledge [ 三级修饰 about how to deal with the issues that引导的定语从句，修饰the issues [ 四级修饰 that face most college students. i 词汇注释 i intervention [jnts'venlh] n.干预，介入 issue * [*iju:] n.问题；期号 vt.宣布 ❷ They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.他们援引数位作者以往的研究表明，要缩小成就差距，就必须缩小这种实用知识上的差距。 句子主干 They cite past research （主+谓+宾） |介词短语作后置定语，修饰past research by several authors —级修饰 动词不定式短语作句子主干的目的状语 to show that this is the gap that引导的定语从句，[修饰the gap 二级修饰 that must be narrowed 三级修饰 to close the achievement gap. 要点注释:动词不定式短语to show...the gap中，that引导的宾语从句，作show的宾语。 词汇注释:cite * [salt] vt.援引；提及；弓|用 narrow * ['naerao] v.缩小a.狭窄的 第五段 O Many first-generation students ''struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the "rules of the game,' and take advantage of college resources,they write.他们写道，许多第一代大学生"竭力应对高等教育的 16中产阶级文化，努力学习'游戏规则’并利用高校资源”。 Many first-generation students "struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of hi^ier education, |并列的动词不定式短语作宾语 句子主干 (to) learn the 4rules of the game,' | and连接并列的动词不定式短语 and (to) take advantage of college resources,M 插入语 一级修饰 they write. 词汇注释 s*truggle ['strAgl] v.努力；奋斗 navigate ['naevigeit] v.成功应付（困难处境） ❷ And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don't talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students.当高校不再讨论不同学生群体之间的阶级优势和劣势时，这就会越发成为问题。 句子主干 And this becomes more of a problem (主+系+表) |when引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语 一级修饰 when colleges don't talk about the class advantages and disadvantages 二级修饰 of different groups 介词短语作后置定语，修饰groups] 三级修饰 of students. 要点注释i more of在这里意为“更大程度上；更多的是……” ,more of...后面一般跟than...,但也可以省略than...。 ❸"Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect s*tudents educational experiences, many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students 'like them9 can improve." “因为美国高校很少承认社会阶层对学生教育经历的影响，所以许多第一代 大学生不明白他们为何挣扎，也不清楚’像他们’这样的学生如何才能进步。” how social class can affect s*tudents educational experiences, how引导的宾语从句，作acknowledge的宾语[ —级修饰 "Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge 〔Because引导的原因状语从句，作句子主干的原因状语 many first-generation students lack insight (主+谓+宾) and连接的并列谓宾| 句子主干 and do not understand not understand 的宾语 how students...can improve." 介词短语作后置定语, 修饰 insight about why they are struggling 一级修饰 介词短语作后置定语，修饰students 4like t*hem 要点注释：介词短语about...struggling中，why引导的宾语从句，作介词about的宾语。 词汇注释:acknowledge [a^nnlidj]讨.承认 insight ['msait] n.深入了解；洞察力 17Text 3 a 第一段 ❶ Even in traditional offices, "the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago," said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn.即使在传统的办公室里， “美国企业的通用语也比20年前更富情感、更偏右脑化”，哈佛大学商学院教授南希•科恩称。 Even in traditional offices, 介词短语作地点状语 一级修饰 of corporate America 介词短语作后置定语，修饰归ig®斤anca than it was 20 years ago," ,, “ than引导的比较状语从句] "the lingua jranca..Aias gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained l直接引语作said的宾语 句子主干 said...Nancy Koehn.（倒装句：宾+谓+主） 一级修饰 | Nancy Koehn的同位语 Harvard Business School professor 词汇注释 traditional [tra^Vsnl] a.传统的；守旧的 lingua franca通用语；混合语 ❷She started spinning off examples.接着,她开始列举一些例子o 句子主干 She started spinning off examples,（主+谓+宾） ■MOMHnBaBat —，•，一 … i词汇注释! spinoff随之而产生，衍生 ❸"If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission,passion.如果我们穿越回1990年的财富500强企业中，我们会发现像’旅程''使命’激' 情’这类词语的使用频率要低得多。 三级修饰 in 1990, 介词短语作后置定语，[修饰Fortune 500 companies 二级修饰 back to Fortune 500 companies [副词短语作地点状语 一级修饰 “If you and I parachuted [if引导的条件状语从句，作句子主干的条件状语 句子主干 we would see much less frequent use （主+谓+宾） 介词短语作后置定语J修饰use 一级修饰 of terms 举例说明terms] 二级修饰 like journey, mission, passion. 顷还主释 parachute * [*paer9ju:t] v.使空降；使跳伞 fortune * [^itfurn] n.财富；运气 ❹ There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn't talk about energy; we didn't talk about passion."我们会使用’目标’’策略’’目的’，但我们不谈’干劲’,不论’激情’。” 18there were strategies, there were objectives, (1)句的并列句 (l)There were goals, (There be句型：There + were + 主) 句子主干 but连接的并列句，表转折 (2)but we didn't talk about energy;(主+谓+宾) (2)句的并列句 we didn't talk about passion：' 本句是一个特殊的由but连接的并列句，but表转折。but前是三个There be句型的排比句， but后是由分号隔开的两个简单句。 项起注释 strategy * ['straetsdji] 〃•策略；策划 objective * [sb'dsektrv] n.目的 a.客观的 O Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very ^team^-oriented—and not by coincidence.科恩指 出，这种新时代的企业词汇具有明显的“团队”导向性，而这并非巧合。 Koehn pointed out (主+谓+宾从) 句子主干 [that引导的宾语从句，作pointed out的宾语 that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very "team"-oriented 补充说明] —级修饰 —and not by coincidence. ：词汇注释i corporate [*ko:p9r9t] a.公司的；法人的；共同的 oriented [*o:rientid] a.以... 为方向的 "Let's not forget sports—in male-dominated corporate America, it's still a big deal.“不要忘了体育运动---在男性 主导的美国企业中，它仍然是件大事。 句子主干 “Let's not forget sports （祈使句：谓+宾+宾补） [解释说明句子主干 一级修饰 it's still a big deal. |介词短语作地点状语 二级修饰 —n male-dominated corporate America, It's not explicitly conscious； it's the idea that I'm a coach, and you're my team, and we're in this together.这并3E一种 明确的有意行为；它是这样一种想法：我是教练，你们是我的队员，我们同舟共济。 (1) Ifs not explicitly conscious;(主+系+表) 句子主干 并列句 (2) it5s the idea (主+系+表) [that引导的同位语从句，解释说明the idea that I'm a coach, | and连接并列的同位语从句 -级修饰 and (that) you're my team, and连接并列的同位语从句 and (that) we're in this together. i词汇注释i explicitly [ik'splisitli] ad.明确地；显而易见地 conscious * [tonfos] a.有意识的；自觉的 19❹ There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”在不同的企业里有许许多多的首席执行官，但他们大多数都将自己视为教练，企业 是他们的团队，他们想赢。” —级修饰 in very different companies, [介词短语作（1）句的地点状语 （1） There are lots and lots of CEOs （There be句型：There + are + 主） | but连接的并列句，表转折 （2） but most think of themselves as coaches （主+谓+宾+宾补） y ii»Bir ng—e —一.— ... ------------------ 句子主干 | and连接的并列句 and this is their team | and连接的并列句 and they want to win." 第三段 ❶ These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Rakesh Khurana, another professor, points out, increase allegiance to the firm.这些词语还旨在赋予工作意义,同时，正如另一位教授拉凯什，库拉纳所指出的 那样，提高员工对企业的忠诚度。 —级修饰 to infuse work with meaning [动词不定式短语作（1 ）句的目的状语 （1） These terms are also intended （主+谓） 句子主干 |and连接的并列句 （2） —and,...（these terms are also intended）（主+谓） ■ 插入语| as Rakesh Khurana,...points out, 一级修饰 省略（to）的动词不定式短语作（2）句的目的状语. （to） increase allegiance to the firm. Rakesh Khurana 的同位语 二级修饰 another professor, :要点注释:（2 ）句省略了与（1 ）句相同的主语和谓语these terms are also intendedo :词汇注释i infuse [m黑u:z]讨.注入（某特性）；灌输 allegiance^ [*li9:d39ns] n.忠诚，效忠 ❷ uYbu have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose；' said Khurana.库拉纳还说道: "人如、]引入了 历史上曾常常与非营利组织和宗教组织相关的专门用语，例如：’愿景’’价值观’’激情’’意志'。” terms like vision^ values^ passion, and purpose^ —级修饰 补充说明terminology . that historically.. .organizations: that引导的定语从句,修饰terminology] 44You have the importation of terminology 句子主干 |直接引语作said的宾语 said Khurana.（倒装句：宾+谓+主） 20词汇注释 importation [jmpo/teijh] 〃.引进；进口 terminology [jta^i'nnladsi] n.专门用语；术语 r*eligious [rf成3踮]a.宗教的；虔诚的 vision * [*vi3n] n.憧憬；视力 第四段] O This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work­ life balance.在关于如何平衡工作与生活的日益激烈的争论中，这种新的对个人成就的关注有助于保持员工的 工作积极性。 _级修饰 on personal fulfillment [介词短语作后置定语，修饰This new focus 句子主干 This new focus...can help （to） keep employees motivated （主+谓+宾+宾补） j介词短语作句子主干的状语 一级修饰 amid increasingly loud debates 介词短语作后置定语J修饰debates 二级修饰 over work-life balance. i 词汇注释:fulfillment [ful'filmant] n.实现；履行 amid * [s'mid] prep.在... 中 ❷ The "mommy wars" of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can't have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. 20 世纪 90 年代的"妈 咪战争”如今仍在继续，这激起了人们对“女性为何仍然不能兼顾工作与生活”的争论，也催生了像谢丽尔・桑 德伯格的《向前一步》这类书籍，这一书名本身也已经成为流行语。 句子主干 The "mommy wars" of the 1990s are still going on today,（主+谓） 现在分词短语作句子主干的伴随状语[ —级修饰 prompting arguments...and books 介词短语作后置定语，修饰arguments] about why women still can't have it all 二级修饰 举例说明books like Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In^ whose引导的非限定性定语从句，补充说明Leaning 三级修浦 whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. 词汇注释 prompt ☆ [prompt] vt.激起；导致；提醒 buzzword ['bAzw3：d] n.流行行话；时髦术语 ❸ Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home.诸如“拔掉电源” “下线” “生活黑客” “带宽” “能力”这类词语都与划分工作与家庭之间的界限 有关。 一级修饰 like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity [举例说明Terms 句子主干 Terms...are all about setting boundaries （主+系+表） 介词短语作后置定语,j修饰boundaries ―级修饰 between the office and the home. ::词汇注释：unplug [.An'plAg] vt.拔掉... 的电源插头 bandwidth [^aendwidO] n.带宽；频宽 capacity * [ka'paessti] n.能力；容量 boundary 去['baundri] n.界限，边界 21❹ But if your work is your "passion," you'll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.但是，如果你的工作就是你的"激情”所在，你就更有可能投身 其中，即使这意味着你要回家吃晚饭，然后在孩子们入睡后还要工作很长时间。 —级修饰 if your work is your "passion," [if引导的条件状语从句，作句子主干的条件状语 句子主干 But...you,ll be more likely to devote yourself to it,（主+谓+宾） [eveni月|导的让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语 even if that means going home for dinner 一级修饰 and连接并列的动名词短语 and then working long [after引导的时间状语从句 二级修饰 after the kids are in bed. O But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it.然而，这似乎是对办公室用语的讽刺：每个人都拿它寻开心，但管理者 们却喜欢它，企业依赖它，普通人乐?1接受它。 一级修饰 of office speak: 介词短语作后置定语，[修饰the irony 句子主干 But this seems to be the irony （主+系+表） [解释说明句子主干 Everyone makes fun of it, but连接的并列句 but managers love it, 一级修饰 并列句 companies depend on it, | and连接的并列句 and regular people willingly absorb it. irony * [*air9ni] n.讽刺；反话 make fun of拿...开玩笑；嘲笑；取笑 r*egular ['regjab(r)] a. ＞通的；规则的 absorb * [sb'soib] vt.接受；吸收；吸引 As a linguist once said, "You can get people to think it's nonsense at the same time that you buy into it."正如一*位语言 学家曾经所言：“你可以让人们认为它是无稽之谈，但同时自己却买它的账。” 一级修饰 As a linguist once said, !插入语 “You can get people to think （主+谓+宾+宾补） 句子主干 省略引导词（that）的宾语从句,[作think的宾语 it's nonsense at the same time that引导的定语从句,修饰the same time 一级修饰 that you buy into it." 22© In a workplace that's fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.在一个从根本上与你的生活及其意义毫不相关的 工作场所，办公室用语能够帮助你理清自己与工作的关系一一以及你的工作如何定义你是谁。 二级修饰 that's fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, I that引导的定语从句，修饰a workplace 一级修饰 In a workplace ］介词短语作句子主干的地点状语 office speak can help you （to） figure out （主+谓+宾+宾补） 句子主干 how引导的宾语从句，［作figure out的宾语 how you relate to your work __________ ［补充说明 ―and how your work defines —级修饰 who引导的宾语从句,［作defines的宾语 who you are. :词汇注释 j fundamentally LfAnd/mentoli］ ad.根本上；基本上 indifferent^ ［m'difront］ a.漠不关心的 Text 4 第一段] 。Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news.很多人谈论起劳工部六月份公布的新增28.8万个工作岗位以及失 业率下降至6.1%,都将其视为好消息。 句子主干 Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs...as good news.（主+谓+宾+宾补） q* quru 口 “gqy ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 省略关系词（which/that）的定语从句,［修饰the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, 一级修饰 介词短语作句子主干的伴随状语 along with the drop 介词短语作后置定语，修饰the drop］ 二级修饰 in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, 槌亟云主屏］talk of 说到 along with与……一起；随着 ❷And they were right.而且他们没错。 句子主干 And they were right.（主+系+表） ❸For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace.目前看来，经济似乎正在以相当不错的速度创造 着就业机会。 For now it appears...（主+系+表从） 句子主干 |省略引导词（that ）的表语从句 the economy is creating jobs 介词短语作状语,[修饰is creating _级修饰 at a decent pace. 词汇注释！ decent *[*di ：snt] 相当好的；得体的 pace ☆ ［peis］札速度;步幅 230 We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.虽然恢复充分就业还有很长的路要走，但至少现在我们终于在以较快的步伐前进了。 二级修饰 to get back to full employment, !动词不定式短语作目的状语 一级修饰 to go 动词不定式作后置定语修饰a long way （l）We still have atongjwa^ （主+谓+宾） 句子主干 but连接的并列句，表转折 （2）but at least we are now finally moving forward （主+谓） ［介词短语作（2）句的状语 一级修饰 at a faster pace. 第二段 O However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked.然而，就业形势中的另一个 重要方面在很大程度上被忽略了。 句子主干 However, there is another important part （There be句型：there + is +主） |介词短语作后置定语，修饰another important part of the jobs picture —级修饰 that引导的定语从句, 修饰another important part that was largely overlooked. 词汇注释:overlook * [QovSkik] vt.忽略｝俯瞰 ❷ There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time.申报自愿从事兼职工作的人数 大幅增加。 句子主干 There was a big jump （There be句型：There + was +主） [介词短语作句子主干的状语 —级修饰 in the number of people who引导的定语从句J修饰people 二级修饰 who report voluntarily working part-time. ❸ This figure is now 830,000 （4.4 percent） above its year ago level.目前该数字较去年同期水平增加了 83 万（4.4% ）。 句子主干 This figure is now 830,000...above its year ago level.（主+系+表） |补充说明830,000 -级修饰 （4.4 percent） 词汇注释:figure * ［'figo（r）］ n.数字；人物；身材 level * [*levl] n.水平；品级a.平的 第三段］ O Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction.在解释这（自愿从事 兼职工作人数大幅增加）与奥巴马医改的关联之前，有必要先做一个重要区分。 24二级修饰 to the Obamacare, 介词短语作后置定语，［修饰the connection —级修饰 Before explaining the connection ［介词短语作句子主干的时间状语 it is worth （主+系+表） 句子主干 ［it为形式主语，动名词短语作真正的主语 making an important distinction. ❷Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs.许多从事兼职工作的人其实想做全咽工作。 句子主干 Many people...actually want full-time jobs.（主+谓+宾） [who引导的定语从句，修饰Many people —级修饰 who work part-time jobs ❸They take part-time work because this is all they can get.他们之所以做兼职工作，是因为这是他们唯一能够找到的工作。 句子主干 They take part-time work （主+谓+宾） | because引导的原因状语从句，作句子主干的原因状语 —级修饰 because this is all they can get. ❹ An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.非自愿兼职工作的增多是劳动力市场疲软的表现，同时意味着 很多人将很难维持生计。 in the labor market —级修饰 介词短语作后置定语，修饰weakness in involuntary part-time work ：介词短语作后置定语，修饰An increase （1） An increase...is evidence of weakness （主+系+表） 句子主干 一级修饰 | and连接的并列句 （2） and it means （主+谓+宾从） [that引导的宾语从句，作means的宾语 that many people will be having a very hard time 省略介词（in）的介词短语作状语] （in） making ends meet. 词汇注释 involuntary ［in'vBhntri］久非自愿的；不自觉的 make ends meet勉强维持生计；使收支相抵 ❶ There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down.六月份非自愿兼职有 所增加，但总体呈下降趋势。 —级修饰 in involuntary part-time in June, 介词短语作后置定语，［修饰an increase （1） There was an increase （There be句型：There + was +主） 句子主干 but连接的并列句，表转折 （2） but the general direction has been down.（主+系+表） 25❷ Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000 (7.9 percent) from its year ago level.非自愿兼职工作人数仍远远高于经济衰退前的水平，但与去年同期水平相比下降了 64 万(7.9%) o —级修饰 than before the recession, than...作比较状语 (l)Invohnitary part-time employment is still tojiigher (主+系+表) 句子主干 | but连接的并列句，表转折 ⑵but it is down (主+系+表) [介词短语作状语，表程度 by 640,000 (7.9 percent) -级修饰 介词短语作(2 )句的状语 from its year ago level. 有无5主释:r*ecession [n'sejh] n.经济衰退；经济萎缩 第五段_ O We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us.我们之所以能 弄清自愿与非自愿兼职工作的区别，是因为人们告诉了我们。 —级修饰 between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment 介词短语作后置定语J修饰the difference 句子主干 We know 熙虫些£竺竺（主+谓+宾） [because引导的原因状语从句，作句子主干的原因状语 _级修饰 because people tell us. ❷ The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week.劳工部 采用的调查会询问人们在调查参考周内的工作时间是否少于35小时。 _级修饰 used by the Labor Department |过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰The survey 句子主干 The survey...asks people if they worked （主+谓+间宾+直宾） 介词短语作状语]■ less than 35 hours 一级修饰 介词短语作句子主干的时间状语 in the reference week. i词汇注释i reference * ['refrsns] n.参考；征询；提及讨.查阅 ❸ If the answer is "yes," they are classiHed as working part-time.如果回答"是”，他们就会被归类为兼职工作者。 —级修饰 If the answer is "yes," [if引导的条件状语从句，作句子主干的条件状语 句子主干 they are classified (主+谓) [介词短语作they的补足语 一级修饰 as working part-time. :词汇注释」 classify * [Tdaesifai] vt.将... 归类；划分；界定 26❹ The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice.调查会进一步询问，他们在参考周内工作时间少于35小时是因为自己希望 工作时间少于全职还是因为别无选择。 The survey then asks （主+谓+宾从） 句子主干 ［whether引导的宾语从句，作asks的宾语 whether they worked less than 35 hours , ［介词短语作状语 in that week because引导的原因状语从句 —级修饰 because they wanted to work less than full time | or连接并列的原因状语从句 or because they had no choice. © They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.只有在他们告诉调查者是他们选择每周工作时间少于35小时的情况下，他们才会被归类为自愿兼职 工作者。 一级修饰 as voluntary part-time workers ［介词短语作They的补足语 句子主干 They are only classified (主+谓) ［if引导的条件状语从句，作句子主干的条件状语 if they tell the survey taker 一级修饰 ［省略引导词(that)的宾语从句，作tell的直接宾语 they chose to work ［介词短语作状语 二级修饰 less than 35 hours a week. 词汇注释 survey takei•调查者，实施调查的人 O The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside o£ employment.自愿兼职问题之所以与奥巴马医改有关，是因为医改的主要目的之一是让人 们在非就业时也能获得保险。 —级修饰 of voluntary part-time ［介词短语作后置定语，修WThe issue 句子主干 The issue...relates to Obamacare （主+谓+宾） ［because引导的原因状语从句，作句子主干的原因状语 because one of the main purposes was to allow people —级修饰 动词不定式短语作people的补足语［ to get insurance 介词短语作状语］ 二级修饰 outside of employment. ：词汇注释i relate to与... 相关；涉及；谈到 i*nsurance ［m^uarsns］ n.保险；保险费 27❷ For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.对于很多人，尤其是对于 那些自身或家人有严重健康问题的人来说，在实行奥巴马医改之前，获得保险的唯一途径是找到一份提供医 疗保险的工作。 with serious health conditions, 三级修饰 介词短语作后置定语，修饰family members with serious health conditions 介词短语作后置定语,］修饰those , 二级修饰 especially those...or family members 补充说明many people before Obamacare —级修饰 ,, 介词短语作句子主干的时间状语 For many people, ［介词短语作状语，表对象，， 句子主干 the only way...was through a job （主+系+表） ［动词不定式短语作后置定语,［修饰the only way to get insurance 一级修饰 that引导的定语从句，修饰a job that provided health insurance. O However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges.然而，奥巴马医改已经使1200多万人通过医疗补助计划或保险交易市场获得了保险。 一级修饰 However, [插入语 句子主干 Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to...get insurance （主+谓+间宾+宜宾） either...oi®接并列的介词短语作方式状语，修饰get j 一级修饰 either...through Medicaid or （through） the exchanges. i词汇注释； Medicaid ['medikeid] n.医疗补助制度 exchange ★ [*tfikemsd3] n.交易；交换；兑换 ❷ These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families.这些人之前可能觉得有必要找到一份提供保险的全职工作来为自己和家人投保。 句子主干 These are people （主+系+表） j who引导的定语从句，修饰people , —级修饰 who may previously have felt the need 动词不定式短语作后置定语，[修饰the need 二级修饰 to get a full-time job that引导的定语从句,［修饰a full-time job 三级修饰 that provided insurance 介词短语作定语从句的目的状语［ 四级修饰 in order to cover themselves and their families. 28;词汇注释i previously ['pri:vi9sli] ad.之刖；先刖 c*over 「kAvo（r）] vt.给... 保险；遮盖；包括 ❸ With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.随着奥巴马医改的实施，就业和保险 就不再挂钩了。 —级修饰 With Obamacare [介词短语作句子主干的伴随状语 句子主干 there is no longer a link （There be句型：there + is +主） [介词短语作后置定语，修饰a link 一级修饰 between employment and insurance. ❶Unfortunately, life is not a bed of roses,遗憾的是,生活并不总是尽如人意。 -级修饰 Unfortunately, [插入语 句子主干 life is not a bed of roses.（主+系+表） 。: i词汇注释« unfortunately ☆ [adT 访onotli] ad.遗憾地；不幸地 a bed of roses称心如意的境遇；安乐窝 We are going through life facing sad experiences.我们正在充满痛苦经历的人生中跋涉。 句子主干 We are going through life （主+谓+宾） [现在分词短语作句子主干的伴随状语 一级修饰 facing sad experiences. ❸ Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house.此外，还在因种种 失去而悲伤：失去友情，失去爱情，抑或失去房子。 —级修饰 Moreover, [插入语 句子主干 we are grieving various kinds of loss：（主+谓+宾） :举例说明 various kinds of loss —级修饰 a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. ：词汇注释： m* oreover [mo:r'9uv9（r）] ad.此外；而且 grieve * [gri:v] vt.使悲伤；使伤心 Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won't last forever.这些艰难的日子或许会在通常看似最不合时宜的时刻压得你喘不过气来，但你应该记住, 它们不会永远持续下去。 一级修饰 at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, ，介词短语作（1 ）句的时间状语 （l）Hard times may hold you down （主+谓+宾） but连接的并列句，表转折 句子主干 ⑵but you should remember （主+谓+宾从） [that引导的宾语从句，作should remember的宾语 that they won't last forever.要点注释 (1 )句的谓语是may hold...down,因宾语是代词you,故置于hold和down之间。at...time中, what引导的宾语从句，作介词at的宾语。 词汇注释 hold sb. down压制某人；限制某人 inopportune [m'r>p9tju:n] a.不合时宜的 第二段】 O When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life.悲伤 过后，我们会继续前行，带着对生活更多的理解和尊重而变得更加坚强。 二级修饰 of mourning [介词短语作后置定语，修饰our time 一级修饰 When our time...is over, [When引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语 句子主干 we press forward,(主+谓) ]形容词短语作句子主干的伴随状语 —级修饰 stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. 词汇注释 mourn [mo:n] v.忧伤，哀悼 forward * ['fb:wad] ad.向前；提前 ❷ Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness.此外，这些失去会让我们成熟起来，最终让我们在未来获得成长和幸福的机会。 一级修饰 Furthermore, [插入语 these losses make us mature （主+谓+宾+宾补） 句子主干 I and连接的并列谓宾 and eventually move us toward future opportunities 介词短语作后置定语,修饰opportunities 一级修饰 | for growth and happiness. :词汇注释 furthermore 玄[,f3：da'mo:(r)] ad.此外，而且 mature * [m我fbo(r)] a.成熟的 vi.成熟 ❸I want to share these old truths fve learned along the way.我想和大家一起分享我这一路走来所领悟到的一些古老真理。 句子主干 [want to share these old truths （主+谓+宾） |省略关系词(which/that)的定语从句，修饰these old truths 一级修饰 I've learned [介词短语作定语从句的状语 二级修饰 along the way. 第三段 O Fear is both useful and harmful.恐惧既有利也有害。 句子主干 Fear is both useful and harmful.（主+系+表） ❷ This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it.这种正常的人类 反应通过预示危险并让我们做好应对准备的方式来保护我们。 30句子主干 This normal human reaction is used （主+谓） ［动词不定式短语作This...reaction的补足语 一级修饰 to protect us |介词短语作方式状语 二级修饰 by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. ❸ Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears.不幸的是，人们总爱夸大恐惧，从而 制造出种种内心障碍。 —级修饰 Unfortunately, __________ ［插入语 句子主干 people create inner barriers （主+谓+宾） |介词短语作句子主干的状语 —级修饰 with a help of exaggerating fears. i 词汇注释 i barrier * ［•baerisCr）］ n.障碍；屏障 e*xaggerate ［ig'zaedssreit］ v.夸大，夸张 ❹My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real.我最喜爱的演员威尔•史密斯曾经说过："恐惧并非真实 存在。 —级修饰 My favorite actor 〔Will Smith的同位语 Will Smith once said,（主+谓+宾） 句子主干 j直接引语作said的宾语 "Fear is not real. ❺It is a product of thoughts you create.它是一种由你创造的思想产物。 句子主干 It is aproduct （主+系+表） |介词短语作后置定语，修饰a product —级修饰 Of thoughts ［省略关系词（which/that）的定语从句，修饰thoughts 二级修饰 you create. ❻Do not misunderstand me.不要误解我的意思。 句子主干 Do not misunderstand me.（祈使句：谓+宾） ❼Danger is very real.危险是真实存在的。 句子主干 Danger is very real.（主+系+表） ❽But fear is a choice.M但恐惧是可以选择的。” 句子主干 But fear is a choice."（主+系+表） © I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.我完全赞同"恐惧只是我们丰富 想象力的产物”这一说法。 31I do completely agree （主+谓+宾从） 句子主干 [that引导的宾语从句，作do...agree的宾语 that fears are just the product 介词短语作后置定语J修饰the product —级修饰 of our luxuriant imagination. 词汇注释 luxuriant [lAg^usriant] a.丰富的；茂盛的 imagination * [i,maed3i'nei|h] n.想象力 第四段 O If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment.假如你被 各种问题所困，并且无法停止回想过去，那就努力关注当下。 —级修饰 If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, [if引导的条件状语从句,作句子主干的条件状语 句子主干 try to focus on the present moment.（祈使句：谓+宾） ❷Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future.我们中有许多人要么被过去所累，要么为未 来担忧。 一级修饰 by the past [介词by引出动作的发出者 Many of us are weighed down （主+谓） 句子主干 |。施接的并列谓语 or (are) anxious [介词短语作状语，表对象 —级修饰 about the future. 要点注释 系表结构(are) anxious可整体看作复合谓语。 词汇注释 weigh down使烦恼；使焦虑 anxious * ['aegkfss] a.担忧的；渴望的 © You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change.你可能因为过去的事而感到内疚，但你这是在用自己无法改变的事物和情况破坏现在的生活。 _级修饰 over your past, [介词短语作状语，表对象 （1） You may feel guilt （主+系 +表） 句子主干 | but连接的并列句，表转折 （2） but you are poisoning th^present （主+谓+宾） [介词短语作（2）句的方式状语 _级修饰 with the things and circumstances 省略关系词（which/that ）的定语从句，:修饰the things and circumstances 二级修饰 you cannot change. ，词汇注释:guilt * [gilt] n.内疚；犯罪 poison * ['poizn] vt.破坏；毒死札毒药 ❹ Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive.珍惜当下，记住活着是多么幸运。 32(l)Value the present moment (祈使句：谓+宾) |and连接的并列句 句子主干 （2）and remember （祈使句：谓+宾从） [how引导的宾语从句，作remember的宾语 how fortunate you are [动词不定式短语作you的补足语 一级修饰 to be alive. ❺ Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you.享受周围世界的美好, 睁大眼睛关注面前的机会。 -级修饰 of the world around [介词短语作后置定语，修饰the beauty (l)Enjoy thebeaug (祈使句：谓+宾) [and连接的并列句 句子主干 （2）and keep the^eyes open （祈使句：谓+宾+宾补） [动词不定式短语作（2）句的目的状语 一级修饰 to see the possibilities 介词短语作后置定语，:修饰the possibilities 二级修饰 before you. ❻ Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present. 幸福不是未来的某个节点，也不是过去的某个时刻，而是能够着眼当下的一种心态。 Happiness is not a point of future (主+系+表) 句子主干 一级修饰 | and连接并列的系表 and (is) not a moment from the past, | not...but连接的并列表语 but a mindset I that引导的定语从句，修饰a mindest that can be designed into the present. 词汇注释 mindset ['mamdset]儿心态；思维模式 design * [di'zam] vt.意欲；设计 n.设计 a 第五段』 O Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times.有时，因为正在经历艰难的时期，你容 易感觉糟糕。 Sometimes it is easy （主+系+表） 句子主干 [jit为形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正的主语 to feel bad because引导的原因状语从句，作句子主干的原因状语 —级修饰 because you are going through tough times. @ You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have.你会轻易被 生活难题所困，忘记要停下来去感激你所拥有的一切。 33句子主干 You can be easily caught up （主+谓） :介词by引出动作的发出者 by life problems —级修饰 that引导的结果状语从句，作句子主干的结果状语 that you forget to pause and appreciate the things 省略关系词（which/that）的定语从句,[修饰the things 二级修饰 you have. 词汇注释i catchup把……缠住；赶上 pause * [po:z] vi.暂停；停顿 ❸ Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.唯有坚强的人 才会选择笑对人生、珍视生活，而不是哭泣和抱怨。 Only strong people prefer to smile （主+谓+宾） 句子主干 | and连接的并列谓宾 and value their life 介词短语作句子主干的状语 一级修饰 instead of crying and complaining about something. 要点注释 句中insteadof表选择，肯定其前内容，否定其后内容。 第六段］ ❶ No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone.不管感觉多么孤独，情况多么严重，你都应该永远记住自己并不孤单。 and （no matter） how serious the situation is, 一级修饰 and连接并列的让步状语从句 No matter how isolated you might feel |No matter how引导的让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语 you should always remember （主+谓+宾从） 句子主干 that引导的宾语从句，[作should...remember的宾语 that you are not alone. ❷Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people.请铭记，如果你想努力让自己的生活有所改观，那么几乎所有人， 尤其是你至亲至近的人都会尊重你，也都愿意帮助你。 Try to^eepjnjni^ （祈使句：谓+宾） 句子主干 T that引导的宾语从句，作keep in mind的宾语 that almost everyone respects and wants to help you ”青I导的条件状语从句，作宾语从句的条件状语 if you are trying to make a good change in your life, 一级修饰 补充说明everyone especially your dearest and nearest people. ❸ You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship.你可能还有一•帮朋友, 他们会始终给予你快乐、帮助和陪伴。 34句子主干 You may have a circle of friends （主+谓+宾） who引导的定语从句修饰a circle of friends —级修饰 who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. :词汇注释：circle *[*s3 ：kl] n.圈子；圆 companionship[ksm'paeniQiifip] n.陪伴；友谊 ❹ If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.倘若身边没有亲朋好友，你可以尝试参加几个线上社区，那里到处都是愿意 与你分享建议、相互鼓励的人。 —级修饰 If you have no friends or relatives, [if引导的条件状语从句，作句子主干的条件状语 ， 句子主干 try色史竺，（祈使句：谓+宾） 形容词短语作后置定语，:修饰several online communities —级修饰 full of people who引导的定语从句,|修饰people 二级修饰 who are always willing to share advice and encouragement. 第七段】 ❶ Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources.如今, 许多人发现他们很难相信自己的观点，从而从外部来源获取客观性来寻求平衡。 Today many people find it difficult (主+谓+宾+宾补) it为形式宾语，［动词不定式短语作真正的宾语 句子主干 to trust their own opinion | and连接并列的动词不定式短语 and (to) seek balance ［介词短语作方式状语 _级修饰 by gaining objectivity ［介词短语作状语 二级修饰 from external sources. ❷ This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life.这种贬低自己观点的 方式表明，你没有能力经营自己的人生。 This way you S d -- e - v -- a - l - u - e - your opinion （主+谓+宾） CTT-3T..T.-X and连接的并列谓宾 句子主干 and show [that引导的宾语从句，作show的宾语 that you are incapable [介词短语作状语 一级修饰 of managing your own life. :词汇注释:devalue[tdi：'vaelju:] vt.贬低v,使（货币）贬值 incapable[m^eipabl] a.无能力的；不能的 ❸ When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is 35the best.当你努力想要实现一个重要目标时，你应该相信自己，确信自己做出的是最佳决定。 —级修饰 When you are struggling to achieve something important 〔When引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语 you should believe in yourself (主+谓+宾) and连接的并列谓宾 句子主干 and (should) be sure [that引导的宾语从句,作(should) be sure的宾语 that your decision is the best. ❹ You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.你应该有自己的生活、 有自己的思想、有自己的价值观，做出自己的选择。 You live in your skin,(主+谓) 并列谓语 think your own thoughts, 句子主干 并列谓宾 have your own values and连接的并列谓宾 and make your own choices. Section HI Translation ❶Think about driving a route that's very familiar.试想一下，你驾车行驶在一条非常熟悉的路上。 句子主干 Think about driving a route （祈使句：谓+宾） that引导的定语从句j修饰a route —级修饰 that's very familiar. i词汇注释i route去[ru:t] 道路；路线；航线 familiar *险milio（r）] a.熟悉的；通晓的 Q It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home.它可能是你上班、前往市中心或者回家的路。 一级修饰 to work, ]介语短语作后置定语，修饰your commute It could be your commute （主+系+表） 并列表语 句子主干 a trip into town 。薛接的并列表语 or the way home. i commute* [k9*mju:t]几上下班路程v.上下班往返 trip* [tnp] 出行，旅行 ❸ Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand.无论是哪条路，你对每一处曲曲弯弯都 了如指掌。 36一级修饰 Whichever it is, 〔Whichever引导的让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语 句子主干 you know every twist and turn （主+谓+宾） - ” ----------- 一级修饰 like the back of your hand. i词汇注释i twist [twist] n.曲折处；转动机扭曲；转动 turn * [t3：n] n.转弯处；旋转 ❹ On these sorts of trips it's easy to lose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery.在这 样的路途中，你会很容易在开车时注意力不集中，不太关注沿途的风景。 一级修饰 On these sorts of trips [介词短语作句子主干的状语 it's easy (主+系 +表) jit为形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正的主语 句子主干 to lose concentration on the driving and连接并列的动词不定式短语 and （to） pay little attention to the passing scenery. i词汇注释； concentration [.knnsn'treijii] n.注意力；专心，专注 scenery ['si:nari] n.风景，景色 ❺ The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.结果你就会觉得路途花费 的时间比它实际所需要的少。 The consequence is...（主+系+表从） that引导的表语从句] 句子主干 that you perceive that引导的宾语从句作perceive的宾语 that the trip has taken less time than引导的比较状语从句，[作宾语从句的比较状语 一级修饰 than it actually has. consequence * ['knnsikwans] n.结果；后果 p*erceive [pSsi:v]讨.意识到；察觉到；认为 O This is the well-travelled road effect: People tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.这就是熟 路效应：人们往往会低估在熟悉的路途中所花费的时间。 句子主干 This is the well-travelled road effect：（主+系+表） | 解释说明 the well-travelled road effect —级修饰 People tend to underestimate the time 省略关系词(which/that)的定语从句，[修饰the time it takes it为形式主语J动词不定式短语作真正的主语 二级修饰 to travel a familiar route. 37词汇注释i tend * [tend] w.往往会w.倾向 underestimate * [tA*esntidmaerit] vt.低估；轻视 第三段] O The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention.这一效应是由我们分配自身注意力的方式所引起的。 句子主干 The effect is caused （主+谓） [介词by引出动作的发出者 一级修饰 by the way [省略（in which ）或关系词（that ）的定语从句，修饰the way 二级修饰 we allocate our attention. 词汇注释:cause * [ko:z] vt.引起；造成〃.原因；事业 allocate ['aebkeit] vt.分配；把... 拨给 ©When we travel down a well-known route, because we don't have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. 当我们行驶在一条熟悉的路上时，由于不必非常专注，所以就会感到时间似乎流逝得更快了。 When we travel down a well-known route, 一级修饰 When引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语 because we don't have to concentrate much, , [because引导的原因状语从句，作句子主干的原因状语 句子主干 time seems to flow more quickly.（主+谓） 词汇注释 well-known * [,wel 'noun] a.熟悉的；有名的；众所周知的 flow去[fig] vi./n.流动；流畅 ❸ And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can't remember the journey well because we didn't pay much attention to it.之后，当我们回想起这段旅程时，发现自己记忆模糊，这是因为那时我们没有给予其太多 关注。 一级修饰 when we come to think back on it, [when引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语 句子主干 And afterwards,...we can't remember the journey well （主+谓+宾） L 41工皿4 ■ ---一一 | because引导的原因状语从句，作句子主干的原因状语 一级修饰 because we didn't pay much attention to it. i词汇注释:afterwards ☆ [h:如wodz] ad.之后，随后，后来 pay attention to注意；重视 ❹So we assume it was shorter.所以，我们认为时间变短了。 So we assume （主+谓+宾从） 句子主干 |省略引导词（that）的宾语从句，作assume的宾语 it was shorter. :词汇生释i assume5^ [3sju:m]讨.认为；假设 38