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北大曹其军老师英语阅读理解 20篇
阅读理解单项练习
Passage1
In 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald, started a drive-in rest
aurant in San Bernadino, California. They carefully chose a busy corn
er for their location. They had run their own businesses for years, firs
t a theater, then a barbecue（烤肉）restaurant., then another drive-in. But
in their new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu: French fr
ies, hamburgers, and sodas. To this small selection they added one n
ew concept: quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips.
Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cen
ts. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity, fo
r the brothers had developed a strict routine for the preparation of th
eir food, and they insisted on their cooks’ sticking to their routine. Th
eir new drive-in became incredibly popular, particularly for lunch. Peop
le drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime. The self-servi
ce restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copie
s of their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this mode
st success until they met Ray Kroc.
Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954, when
he was selling milkshake-mixing machines. He quickly saw the unique
appeal of the brothers’ fast-food restaurants and bought the right to franc
hise（特许经营）other copies of their restaurants. The agreement struck
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included the right to duplicate the menu. The equipment, even their r
ed and white buildings with the golden arches（拱门）.
Today McDonald’s is really a household name. Its names for its sand
wiches have come to mean hamburger in the decades since the day
Ray Kroc watched people rush up to order fifteen-cent hamburgers. In
1976, McDonald’s had over $ 1 billion in total sales. Its first twenty-t
wo years is one of the most incredible success stories in modern Am
erican business history.
1. This passage mainly talks abortꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A)ꢀꢀ the development of fast food services
B)ꢀꢀꢀhow McDonald’s became a billion-dollar business
C)ꢀꢀ the business careers of Mac and Dick McDonald
D)ꢀꢀ Ray Kroc’s business talent
2. Mac and Dick managed all of the following businesses exceptꢀꢀꢀ
.
ꢀA) a drive-inꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ C) a theater
ꢀB) a cinemaꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ D) a barbecue restaurant
3. We may infer from this passage that.
A)ꢀꢀ Mac and Dick McDonald never became wealthy for they sold t
heir idea to Kroc
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B)ꢀꢀꢀThe location the McDonalds chose was the only source of th
e great popularity of their drive-in
C)ꢀꢀ Forty years ago there were numerous fast-food restaurants
D)ꢀꢀ Ray Kroc was a good businessman
4. The passage suggests thatꢀꢀꢀ .
A)ꢀꢀ creativity is an important element of business success
B)ꢀꢀꢀRay Kroc was the close partner of the McDonald brothers
C)ꢀꢀ Mac and Dick McDonald became broken after they sold their i
deas to Ray Kroc
D)ꢀꢀ California is the best place to go into business
5. As used in the second sentence of the third paragraph, the word ”
unique” meansꢀꢀ .
ꢀA) specialꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀC) financial
ꢀB) attractiveꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀD) peculiar
Passage2
You’re busy filling out the application form for a position you really ne
ed; let’s assume you once actually completed a couple of years of co
llege work or even that you completed your degree. Isn’t it tempting t
o lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a
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Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back
at State University?
More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land
their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like
most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant
may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that cha
nces of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known univ
ersity. Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with dece
itful claims like these at the rate of about one per week.
Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms,
then . If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are relu
ctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls th
em “impostors 骗子”; another refers to them as “special cases.” one
well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase o
f all, says that these claims are made by “no such people.”
To avoid outright (彻底的) lies, some job-seekers claim that they “attende
d” or “were associated with” a college or university. After carefully checkin
g, a personnel officer may discover that “attending” means being dism
issed after one semester. It may be that “being associated with” a col
lege means that the job – seeker visited his younger brother for a foo
tball weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says th
at the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century – that’s
when they began keeping records, anyhow.
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If you don’t want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are coMPAnie
s that will sell you a phony （假的）diploma. One coMPAny, with offices
in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diplom
a from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at aroun
d twenty dollars for a diploma from “Smoot State University.” The pric
es increase rapidly for a degree from the “University of Purdue.” As t
here is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly call
ed Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of p
aper.
6. The main idea of this passage is thatꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀemployers are checking more closely on applicants no
w
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ lying about college degrees has become a widespread
problem
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀcollege degrees can now be purchased easily
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀemployers are no longer interested in college degrees
7. According to the passage, “special cases” refers to cases whereꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
.
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀstudents attend a school only part-time
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ students never attended a school they listed on their
application
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C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀstudents purchase false degrees from commercial films
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀstudents attended a famous school
8. We can infer from the passage thatꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ .
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀperformance is a better judge of ability that a college
degree
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ experience is the best teacher
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀpast work histories influence personnel officers more th
an degrees do
D)ꢀꢀ a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain
advantage over others in job competition
9. This passage implies thatꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀbuying a false degree is not moral
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ personnel officers only consider applicants from famou
s schools
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀmost people lie on applications because they were dis
missed from school
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀsociety should be greatly responsible for lying on appli
cations
10. As used in the first. Line of the second paragraph, the word “utte
r” meansꢀꢀꢀ .
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A) addressꢀꢀꢀC) thorough
B) ultimateꢀꢀꢀD) decisive
Passage 3
Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault (断层), which constantly threa
tens California and the West Coast with earthquakes. But how many
people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri?
Between December of 1811 and February of 1812, three major earthq
uakes occurred, all centered around the town of New Madrid, Missour
i, on the Mississippi River. Property damage was severe. Buildings in
the area were almost destroyed. Whole forests fell at once, and huge
cracks opened in the ground, allowing smell of sulfur （硫磺）to filter upwar
d.
The Mississippi River itself completely changed character, developing
sudden rapids and whirlpools. Several times it changed its course, an
d once, according to some observers, it actually appeared to run bac
kwards. Few people were killed in the New Madrid earthquakes, prob
ably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811; but the se
verity of the earthquakes are shown by the fact that the shock waves
rang bells in church towers in Charleston, South Carolina, on the coa
st. Buildings shook in New York City, and clocks were stopped in Wa
shington, D.C.
Scientists now know that America’s two major faults are essentially dif
ferent. The San Andreas is a horizontal boundary between two major
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land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions. California
earthquakes result when the movement of these two masses suddenly
lurches (倾斜) forward.
The New Madrid fault, on the other hand, is a vertical fault; a some
point, possibly hundreds of millions of years ago, rock was pushed u
p toward the surface, probably by volcanoes under the surface. Sudd
enly, the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed, leaving huge crac
ks. Even now, the rock continues to settle downwards, and sudden si
nking motions trigger (触发) earthquakes in the region. The fault itself, a
large crack in this layer of rock, with dozens of other cracks that split
off from it, extends from northeast Arkansas through Missouri and into
southern lllinois.
Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have bee
n numerous smaller quakes in the area since 1811; these smaller qu
akes indicate that larger ones are probably coming, but the scientists
say have no method of predicting when a large earthquake will occur.
11. This passage is mainly aboutꢀꢀꢀꢀ .
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀthe New Madrid fault in Missouri
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ the San Andreas and the New Madrid faults
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀthe causes of faults
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀcurrent scientific knowledge about faults
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12. The New Madrid fault isꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀa horizontal fault
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ a vertical fault
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀa more serious fault than the San Andreas fault
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀresponsible for forming the Mississippi River
13. We may conclude from the passage thatꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ .
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀit is probably as dangerous to live in Missouri as in C
alifornia
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ the New Madrid fault will eventually develop a mounta
in range in Missouri
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀCalifornia will become an island in future
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀA big earthquake will occur to California soon
14. This passage implies thatꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀhorizontal faults are more dangerous than vertical faults
.
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ Vertical faults are more dangerous than horizontal faul
ts
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀEarthquakes occur only around fault areas
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D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀCalifornia will break into pieces by an eventual earthqu
ake
15. As used in the first sentence of the fourth paragraph, the word
“essentially” meansꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A) greatlyꢀꢀ C) basically
B) extremelyꢀD) necessarily
Passage 4
Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and co
mfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as a factor in world
peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more
means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them fo
resaw that the more we are together-the more chances there are of
war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that.
Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those ag
ainst it can always find medical men to approve or condemn. The ant
i-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most
dangerous to public health: they would produce colds, catarrhs (粘膜炎)
and consumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fi
re, would have a bad effect on the nerves. Further, being moved thro
ugh the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs. I
n those with high blood-pressure, the movement of the train might pr
oduce apoplexy (中风). The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness
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of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cau
se great damage to eyesight. But the pro-railway group was of cours
e able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposi
te. They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize th
e circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure go
od sleep.
The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable. If it was a test
of endurance to sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or inside i
n dirty air, the railway offered little more in the way of comfort. Certai
nly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats; but the second-class
had only narrow bare boards, while the third-class had nothing at all;
no seats and no roof; they were just open trucks. So that third-class
passengers gained nothing from the few mode except speed. In the
matter of comfort, indeed they lost; they did, on the coaches, have a
seat, but now they had to stand all the way, which gave opportunities
to the comic (滑稽的) press. This kind of thing: ‘A man was seen yesterda
y buying a third-class ticket for the new London and Birmingham Rail
way. The state of his mind is being enquired into.’
A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second-a
nd third-class carriages. He made the suggestion that the directors of
the railways must have sent all over the world to find the hardest po
ssible wood. Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the
peculiar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came.
He described them as horizontal shower-baths, from whose searching
power there was no escape.
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16. All boys and girls in large families know thatꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀa boy and a girl usually fight when they are together
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ people tend to be together more than they used to b
e
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀa lot of people being together makes fights likely
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀRailway leads the world to peace
17. According to those who welcomed the railway, the railway itself s
hould include all the following exceptꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ .
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀthe railway enables people travel fast
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ the railway brings comfort to people
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀthe railway makes the world peaceful
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀthe railway leads the world to war as well.
18. According to the anti-railway group, all the followings are true butꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
.
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀtunnels are dangerous to public health
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ the noise and the glare of the engine fire may affect
people’s nerves
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀthe rapid speed through the air does damage to peopl
e’s lungs
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D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀto those with high blood-pressure, the rapid speed of t
he train causes them to die
19. We may safely conclude thatꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀthe author belongs to the anti-railway group
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ the author belongs to the for-railway group
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀthe author speaks highly of the railway
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀthe author may never take train because of its potentia
l dangers
20. What is the tone of this passage?
A) PracticalꢀꢀꢀC) Satirical
B) Humorous.ꢀꢀ D) Exaggerated
Passage 5
In 1960-1961, Chad (乍得) harvested 9800 tons of cotton seed for the
first time in its history, and put out the flag a little too soon. The effo
rts of the authorities to get the peasants ‘back’ to work, as they had
slacked off (松懈) a great deal the previous year during independence cele
brations, largely contributed to it. Also, rains were well spaced, and c
ontinued through the whole month of October. If the 1961-1962 total i
s back to the region of 45000 tons, it is mostly because efforts slack
ened again and sowing was started too late.
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The average date of sowing is about July 1st. If this date is simply
moved up fifteen or twenty days, 30000 to 60000 tons of cotton are
gained, depending on the year. The peasant in Chad sows his millet
(小米) first, and it is hard to criticize this instinctive priority given to his
‘daily bread’ . An essential reason for his lateness with sowing cotton
is that at the time when he should leave to prepare the fields he has
just barely sold the cotton of the previous season. The work required
to sow, in great heat, is psychologically far more difficult if one’s poc
kets are full of money. The date of cotton sales should therefore be
moved forward as much as possible, and purchases of equipment an
d draught animals encouraged.
Peasants should also be encouraged to save money, to help them thr
ough the difficult period between harvests. If necessary they should b
e forced to do so, by having the payments for cotton given to them i
n installments (分期付款). The last payment would be made after proof
that the peasant has planted before the deadline, the date being adv
anced to the end of June. Those who have done so would receive e
xtra money whereas the last planters would not receive their last pay
ment until later.
Only the first steps are hard, because once work has started the pea
sants continue willingly on their way. Educational caMPAigns among t
he peasants will play an essential role in this basic advance, early so
wing, on which all the others depend. It is not a matter of controlling
the peasants. Each peasant will remain master of his fields. One coul
d, however, suggest the need for the time being of kind but firm rule,
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which, as long as it cannot be realized ‘by the people’ , should at le
ast be ‘for the people.’
21. In 1960-1961, Chad had a good harvest of cotton becauseꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
.
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀthe government greatly encouraged peasants
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ rains favored the growth of cotton
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀChad gained independence in the previous year
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀBoth A) and B)
22. We learn from the passage that the date of sowing cotton is usu
allyꢀꢀꢀ .
A) on June 15thꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀC) on July 1st
B) on July 15thꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ D) on July 20th
23. As used in the third sentence of the second paragraph, “ daily br
ead” refers toꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A) breakfastꢀꢀꢀC) rice
B) bread and butterꢀꢀꢀD) millet
24. In order to help them through the difficult time between harvests t
he peasants have toꢀꢀꢀ .
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀsell cotton in advance
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B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ be encouraged to save money
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀsow cotton in time
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀplant millet first
25. Which of the following is NOT true?
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀEducational caMPAigns are very important to early sow
ing.
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ Of all the advances that the writer hopes for, early so
wing is the most important.
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀPeasants should remain the masters of their fields.
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀGovernment might as well make good and firm rule for
peasants.
Passage 6
We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are ab
out money. But most mistakes are about people. “Did Jerry really car
e when I broke up with Helen?” “When I got that great job, did Jim r
eally feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?” “And
Paul-why didn’t pick up that he was friendly just because 1 had a car?”
When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But w
hen we look back, It’s too late.
Why do we go wrong about our friends – or our enemies? Sometimes
what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don’t really liste
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n we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you,
“You’re a lucky dog .” that’s being friendly. But “lucky dog”? There’s
a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn’t see it himself. But br
inging in the “dog” bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying
is that the doesn’t think you deserve your luck.
“Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for ” is another n
oise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the
speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life
as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that
your problem isn’t important. It’s telling you to think of a all the starvi
ng people in the world when you haven’t got a date for Saturday nig
ht.
How can you tell the real meaning behind someone’s words? One wa
y is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the w
ay he looks? Does what he says agree with the tone of voice? His p
osture (姿态)? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend
thinking about the real meaning of what people to you may save anot
her mistake.
26. This passage is mainly aboutꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀhow to interpret what people say
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ what to do when you listen to others talking
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀhow to avoid mistakes when you communicate with pe
ople
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D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀWhy we go wrong with people sometimes
27. According to the author, the reason why we go wrong about our
friends is thatꢀꢀꢀꢀ .
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀWe fail to listen carefully when they talk
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ People tend to be annoyed when we check what they
say
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀPeople usually state one thing but means another
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀWe tend to doubt what our friends say
28. In the sentence “Maybe he doesn’t see it himself.” In the second
paragraph, the pronoun “it “refers toꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A) being friendlyꢀ C) lucky dog
B) a bit of envyꢀꢀD) your luck
29. When we listen to a person talking, the most important thing for
us to do isꢀꢀꢀꢀ .
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀnotice the way the person is talking
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ take a good look at the person talking
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀmind his tone, his posture and the look in his eyes
D)ꢀ examine the real meaning of what he says based on his manne
r, his tone and his posture
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30. The author most probably is aꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A) teacherꢀ C) philosopher
B) psychologistꢀꢀD) doctor
Passage 7
A moment’s drilling by the dentist may make us nervous and upset.
Many of us cannot stand pain. To avoid the pain of a drilling that ma
y last perhaps a minute or two, we demand the “needle”- a shot of
novocaine (奴佛卡因)－that deadens the nerves around the tooth.
Now it’s true that the human body has developed its millions of nerve
s to be highly aware of what goes on both inside and outside of it. T
his helps us adjust to the world. Without our nerves - and our brain,
which is a bundle of nerves - we wouldn’t know what’s happening. B
ut we pay for our sensitivity. We can feel pain when the slightest thin
g is wrong with any part of our body. The history of torture is based
on the human body being open to pain.
But there is a way to handle pain. Look at the Indian fakir(行僧) who sits
on a bed of nails. Fakirs can put a needle right through an arm, and
feel no pain. This ability that some humans have developed to handle
pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal with pain.
The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it. if the dent
ist says, “This will hurt a little,” it helps us to accept the pain. By sta
ying relaxed, and by treating the pain as an interesting sensation (感觉)
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, we can handle the pain without falling apart. After all, although pain
is an unpleasant sensation, it is still a sensation, and sensations are
the stuff of life.
31. The passage is mainly aboutꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A) how to suffer pain
B) how to avoid pain
C) how to handle pain
D) how to stop pain
32. The sentence “But we pay for our sensitivity.” in the second para
graph implies thatꢀꢀꢀ.
A) we should pay a debt for our feeling
B) we have to be hurt when we feel something
C) our pain is worth feeling
D) when we feel pain, we are suffering it
33. When the author mentions the Indian fakir, he suggests thatꢀꢀꢀ
.
A) Indians are not at all afraid of pain
B) people may be senseless of pain
C) some people are able to handle pain
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D) fakirs have magic to put needles right through their arms
34. the most important thing to handle pain isꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A) how we look at pain
B) to feel pain as much as possible
C) to show an interest in pain
D) to accept the pain reluctantly
35. The author’s attitude towards pain isꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ .
A) pessimisticꢀB) optimistic C) radical (极端的)ꢀD) practical
Passage 8
Thirty-two people watched kitty Genovese being killed right beneath th
eir windows. She was their neighbor. Yet none of the 32 helped her.
Not one even called the police. Was this in gunman cruelty? Was it l
ack of feeling about one’s fellow man?
“Not so,” say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane. These men went
beyond the headlines to probe the reasons why people didn’t act. Th
ey found that a person has to go through two steps before he can h
elp. First he has to notice that is an emergency.
Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall to the side-walk. is he havi
ng a heart attack? is he in a coma (昏迷) from diabetes(糖尿病)? Or is
he about to sleep off a drunk?
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is the smoke coming into the room from a leak in the air conditioning?
Is it “steam pipes”? Or is it really smoke from a fire? it’s not always
easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency.
Second, and more important, the person faced with an emergency mu
st feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help, or the
person won’t get the help he needs.
The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are a
round. They had college students in to be “tested.” Some came alone.
Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups.
The receptionist started them off on the “tests.” Then she went into t
he next room. A curtain divided the “testing room” and the room into
which she went. Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of file
cabinets falling and a cry for help. All of this had been pre-recorded
on a tape-recorder.
Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help.
Of the students in pairs, only two out of ten helped. Of the students i
n groups, none helped.
In other words, in a group, Americans often fail to act. They feel that
others will act. They, themselves, needn’t. They do not feel any direct
responsibility.
Are people bothered by situations where people are in trouble? Yes.
scientists found that the peo0ple were emotional, they sweated, they
had trembling hands. They felt the other person’s trouble. But they di
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d not act. They were in a group. Their actions were shaped by the a
ctions of those they were with.
36. The purpose of this passage isꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ .
A) to explain why people fail to act in emergencies
B) to explain when people will act in emergencies
C) to explain what people will do in emergencies
D) to explain how people feel in emergencies
37. Which of the following is NOT true?
A) When a person tries to help others, he must be clear that there is
a real emergency.
B) When a person tries to help others, he should know whether hey
are worth his help.
C) A person must take the full responsibility for the safety of those in
emergencies if he wants to help.
D) A person with a heart attack needs the most.
38. The researchers have conducted an experiment to prove that peo
ple will act in emergencies whenꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A) they are in pairs
B) they are in groups
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C) they are alone
D) they are with their friends
39. The main reason why people fail to act when they stay together i
s thatꢀꢀꢀ .
A) they are afraid of emergencies
B) they are reluctant to get themselves involved
C) others will act if they themselves hesitate
D) they do not have any direct responsibility for those who need help
40. The author suggests thatꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A) we shouldn’t blame a person if he fails to act in emergencies
B) a person must feel guilty if he fails to help
C) people should be responsible for themselves in emergencies
D) when you are in trouble, people will help you anyway
Passage 9
People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try
to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem.
They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times
they begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution by trial a
nd error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a pro
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blem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a probl
em.
First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example,
Sam’s bicycle is broken, and he cannot read it to class as he usually
does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.
Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his
bicycle. he must find the reason why it does not work. For instance,
he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or th
e frame. He must make his problem more specific.
Now the person must look for information that will make the problem
clearer and lead to possible solutions. For instance. suppose Sam de
cided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong
with the gear wheels. At this time. he can look in his bicycle repair b
ook and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike sho
p. He can look at his gears carefully.
after studying the problem, the person should have several suggestion
s for a possible solution. Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestions
might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and repla
ce the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.
Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. S
ometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker sud
denly sees something new or sees something in a new way. Sam, fo
r example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum(口香糖)betw
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een the gear wheels. He immediately realizes the solution to his prob
lem: he must clean the gear wheels.
Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds t
hat afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. In short, he has solved the
problem.
41. What is the best title for this passage?
A) Six Stages for Repairing Sam’s Bicycle
B) Possible Ways to Problem-solving
C) Necessities of Problem Analysis
D) Suggestions for Analyzing a Problem
42. In analyzing a problem we should do all the following exceptꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
.
A) recognize and define the problem
B) look for information to make the problem clearer
C) have suggestions for a possible solution
D) find a solution by trial or mistake
43. By referring to Sam’s broken bicycle, the author intends toꢀꢀꢀ .
A) illustrate the ways to repair his bicycle
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B) discuss the problems of his bicycle
C) tell us how to solve a problem
D) show us how to analyses a problem
44. Which of the following is NOT true?
A) People do not analyze the problem they meet.
B) People often accept the opinions or ideas of other people.
C) People may learn from their past experience
D) People can not solve some problems they meet.
45. As used in the last sentence, the phrase “in short” meansꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A) in the long runꢀ B) in detailꢀ C) in a wordꢀD) in the end
Passage 10
The poverty line is the minimum income that people need for an acc
eptable standard of living. People with incomes below the poverty line
are considered poor. Economists study the causes of poverty in order
to find solutions to the problem.
As the general standard of living in the country rises, the poverty line
does, too. therefore, even with today’s relatively high standard of livin
g, about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below the
poverty line. However, if these people had stable jobs, they could hav
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e an acceptable standard of living. Economists suggest several reaso
ns why poor people do not have jobs.
For one thing, more than half of the poor people in the United States
are not qualified to work. Over 40 percent of the poor people are chil
dren. By law, children less than 16 years old cannot work in many in
dustries. A large number of poor people are old. Many coMPAnies do
not hire people over 65 years old, the normal retirement age.
Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reaso
ns: they are sick, they do not have any motivation(动力). they have family
problems, or they do not believe that they can find a job.
Other poor people look for a job but cannot find one. Many poor adul
ts never went to high school. Therefore, when they look for jobs, they
have few skills that they can offer.
At the present time, the government thinks it can reduce poverty in th
e country in the following ways.
First, if the national economy grows. businesses and industries hire m
ore workers. Some of the poor who are qualified to look for jobs may
find employment. Then they will no longer be below the poverty line.
Second, if society invests in the poor, the poor will become more pro
ductive. if the government spends money on social programs, educati
on, and training for poor people, the poor will have the skills to offer,
Then it is more likely that they can find jobs.
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Finally, if the government distributes society’s income differently, it rai
ses some poor people above the poverty line. The government collect
s taxes from the non-poor and gives money to the poor. These paym
ents to the poor are called welfare. in 1975 over 18million people in t
he United States received welfare.
Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty probl
em. However, at the present time, many people depend on welfare fo
r a minimally acceptable standard of living.
46. The author’s main purpose to write this article isꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A) to define what the poverty line is
B) to explain why some people live the poverty line
C) to find solutions to the problem of poverty
D) to show syMPAthy for those poor people
47. Which of the following is NOT true?
A) Ten percent of the Americans live a poor life.
B) Poor people are those who love below the poverty line.
C) The poverty line rises as the general standard of living rises.
D) The poverty line tends to be at the same level.
48. More than 40 percent of the poor people are children. This is ma
inly becauseꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
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A) they do not have enough motivation
B) they are so young that they are deprived of chances to work
C) they fail to get enough education
D) they are very poor in health
49. Most of the American poor people are not qualified for employme
nt becauseꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ .
A) they to not have any motivation to work
B) they are not very self-confident
C) they are too young or too old to work
D) they have physical and family problems
50. We may conclude from the passage thatꢀꢀꢀ .
A) better solutions to the poverty problem are not yet found
B) welfare will enable people to be rich
C) poor people are bound to go out of the poverty line if they have
chances to do business
D) employment is the best solution to the poverty problem
Passage 11
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Dream is a story that a person“watches”or even takes part in during
sleep. Dream events are imaginary, but they are related to real experi
ences and needs in the dreamer’s life. They seem real while they are
taking place. Some dreams are pleasant, others are annoying, and sti
ll others are frightening.
Everyone dreams, but some persons never recall dreaming. Others re
member only a little about a dream they had just before awakening a
nd nothing about earlier dreams. No one recalls all his dreams.
Dreams involve little logical thought. In most dreams, the dreamer ca
nnot control what happens to him. The story may be confusing, and t
hings happen that would not happen in real life. People see in most
dreams, but they may also hear, smell, touch, and taste in their drea
ms. Most dreams occur in color. but persons who have been blind si
nce birth do not see at all in dreams.
Dreams are a product of the sleeper’s mind. They include events and
feelings that he has experienced. Most dreams are related to events
of the day before the dream and strong wishes of the dreamer. Many
minor incidents of the hours before sleep appear in dreams. Few eve
nts more than two days old turn up. Deep wishes or fears - especiall
y those held since childhood- often appear in dreams, and many drea
ms fulfil such wishes. Events in the sleeper’s surrounding- a loud noi
se, for example, may become part of a dream, but they do not cause
dreams.
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Some dreams involve deep feelings that a person may not realize he
has. Psychiatrists(精神病医生)ꢀoften use material from a patient’s dream
s to help the person understand himself better.
Dreaming may help maintain good learning ability, memory, and emoti
onal adjustment. People who get plenty of sleep-but are awakened ea
ch time they begin to dream- become anxious and restless.
51. This passage is mainly aboutꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A) why we dream during sleep
B) how we dream during sleep
C) what dreams are
D) what benefits dreams bring to people
52. According to the passage, dreams result fromꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A) the sleeper’s wishes
B) the sleeper’s imagination
C) the sleeper’s feeling
D) the sleeper’s own mind
53. Which of the following is NOT true?
A) Dream is a confusing story which involves little logic thought.
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B) Dream is related to the dreamer’s real life.
C) Dream is an imaginary store which seems real while taking place.
D) Dream involves events that always happen in real life.
54. This passage suggests that psychiatrists areꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ .
A) trying to help the dreamer recall his earlier dreams.
B) trying to make the sleeper dream logically.
C) studying the benefits of dreams.
D) helping the sleeper fulfill his dreams
55. We may infer form the passage that dreamingꢀꢀꢀꢀ .
A) is beneficial to people
B) disturbs people’s life
C) makes people always restless
D) deprives people of a good sleep
Passage 12
According to psychologists(心理学家), an emotion is aroused when a man
or animal views something as either bad or good. When a person fee
ls like running away from something he thinks will hurt him, we call t
his emotion fear. if the person wants to remove the danger by attacki
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ng it, we call the emotion anger. The emotions of joy and love are ar
oused when we think something can help us. An emotion does not h
ave to be created by something in the outside world. it can be create
d by a person’s thoughts.
Everyone has emotions. Many psychologists believe that infants are b
orn without emotions. They believe children learn emotions just as the
y learn to read and write. A growing child not only learns his emotion
s but learns how to act in certain situations because of an emotion.
Psychologists think that there are two types of emotion: positive and
negative. l Positive emotions include love, liking, joy, delight, and hop
e. They are aroused by something that appeals to a person. Negative
emotions make a person unhappy or dissatisfied. They include anger,
fear, despair, sadness, and disgust. in growing up, a person learns to
cope with the negative emotions in order to be happy.
Emotions may be weak or strong. Some strong emotions are so unpl
easant that a person will try any means to escape from them. in ord
er to feel happy, the person may choose unusual ways to avoid the
emotion.
Strong emotions can make it hard to think and to solve problems. Th
ey may prevent a person from learning or paying attention to what he
is doing. For example, a student taking an examination may be so w
orried about failing that he cannot think properly. The worry drains val
uable mental energy he needs for the examination.
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56. We learn from the passage that an emotion is created by someth
ingꢀꢀꢀ.
A) one thinks bad or good
B) one feels in danger
C) one faces in the outside world
D) one tries to escape from real life
57. Which of the following is NOT true?
A) Children learn emotions as they grow up.
B) Babies are born with emotions.
C) Emotions fall into two types in general.
D) People can cope with the negative emotions in life.
58. The author’s purpose of writing this passage is toꢀꢀꢀ .
A) explain why people have emotions
B) show how people avoid the negative emotions
C) explain what people should do before emotions
D) define and classify people’s emotions
59. We can safely conclude that a student may fail in an exam ifꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
.
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A) he can not think properly
B) he can’t pay attention to it
C) he can’t pay attention to it
D) he is not full of energy
60. As used in the last sentence, the word “drains” meansꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A) stopsꢀ B) tiesꢀ C) weakensꢀꢀD) flows gradually
Passage 13
Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is po
ssible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably coul
d not describe all the features that make one face different from anot
her. Yet a very young child---or even an animal, such as a pigeon-ca
n learn to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted.
We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about s
omeone’s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, sp
eaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.
Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describi
ng someone’s personality in words is somewhat easier than describin
g his face. if you were asked to describe what a “nice face ”looked li
ke, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you wer
e asked to describe a “nice person,” you might begin to think about s
omeone who was kind, considerate, friendly, warm, and so forth.
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There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and ac
ts. Gordon all ports, an American psychologist, found nearly 18 000 E
nglish words characterizing differences in people’s behavior. And man
y of us use this information as a basis for describing, or typing, his p
ersonality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types-people are describ
ed with such terms.
People have always tried to “type” each other. Actors in early Greek
drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the vill
ain’s(坏人) or the hero’s role. In fact, the words “person” and “personality
” come from the Latin persona, meaning “mask.” Today, most televisi
on and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the “
good guys” from the “bad guys” because the two types differ in appe
arance as well as in actions.
61. The main idea of this passage isꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ .
A) how to distinguish people’s faces
B) how to describe people’s personality
C) how to distinguish people both inward and outward
D) how to differ good persons from bad persons
62. The author is most probably aꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A) behavioristꢀ B) psychologistꢀꢀC) writerꢀ D)ꢀsociologist
63. Which of the following is NOT true?
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A) Different people may have different personalities.
B) People differ from each in appearance.
C) People can learn to recognize faces.
D) People can describe all the features of others.
64. The reason why it is easier to describe a person’s personality in
words than his face is thatꢀꢀ.
A) a person’s face is more complex than his personality
B) a person’s personality is easily distinguished
C) people’s personalities are very alike
D) many words are available when people try to describe one’s perso
nality
65. We learn from the passage that people classify a person into cert
ain type according toꢀꢀꢀ .
A) his way of acting and thinking
B) his way of speaking and behaving
C) his learning and behavior
D) his physical appearance and his personality
Passage 14
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Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be w
alking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. it may be
a game of some kind football, hockey(曲棍球), golf, of tennis, it may be
mountaineering.
Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains a
re often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women wi
lling to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains?
This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mou
ntaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.
Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made r
ules, as there re for such games as golf and football. There are, of c
ourse, rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore,
but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineerin
g attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to
use their own methods.
If we coMPAre mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we mig
ht think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a ‘team
game’. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no ‘matc
hes’ between ‘teams’ of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock fa
ce linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviou
sly teamwork.
The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that ar
e stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of
nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.
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A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A sk
ier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most internation
al tennis champions are in their early twenties. But it is no unusual f
or a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps.
They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb
with more skill and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience
equal enjoyment.
66. Mountaineering is a sport which involvesꢀꢀꢀꢀ .
A) hardshipꢀ C) physical risk
B) coldꢀꢀꢀD) all of the above
67. The main difference between a sport and a game lies inꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
.
A) uniformꢀꢀC) rules
B) activityꢀꢀD) skills
68. Mountaineering is also a team sport becauseꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ .
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀit involves rules
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ it involves matches between teams
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀit requires mental and physical qualities
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀmountaineers depend on each other while climbing
69. Which of the following is NOT true?
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A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀMountaineers compete against each other.
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ Mountaineers compete against other teams.
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀMountaineers compete against nature.
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀMountaineers compete against international standard.
70. What is the best title for the passage?
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀMountaineering
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ Mountain Climbers
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀMountaineering is Different from Golf and Football
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀMountaineering Is More Dangerous Than Other Sports
Passage 15
There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer i
nterested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored sp
elling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, howeve
r, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority (优
先) it must be given over general language development and writing ability
. The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely
and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexiti
es of spelling?
If spelling become the only focal point of his teacher’s interest, clearly
a bright child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only w
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ords within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous languag
e. That’s why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries
and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.
I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of wri
ting about a personal experience: “ This work is terrible! There are fa
r too many spelling errors and technical abilities in writing, but it was
also a sad reflection on the teacher who had feelings. The teacher w
as not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had
centered on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment wit
h the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation (动力) to
seek improvement.
71. Teachers are different in their opinions aboutꢀꢀꢀ .
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀthe necessity of teaching spelling
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ the role of spelling in general language development
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀthe way of teaching spelling
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀthe complexities of the basic writing skills
72. As used in the second paragraph, the expression “play safe” mos
t probably meansꢀꢀꢀ .
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀto spell correctly
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ to write smoothly
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀto avoid using words one is not sure of
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D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀto use dictionaries frequently
73. Teachers encourage the students to use dictionaries so thatꢀꢀꢀꢀ
.
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀstudents will be able to write more freely
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ students will be more skillful in writing
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀstudents will be more confident in writing
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀstudents will be independent enough
74. The author’s tone isꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀironicꢀC) satirical
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ practical D) critical
75. This passage mainly discussesꢀꢀꢀꢀ .
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀthe necessity of spelling
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ the role of developing writing skills
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀthe complexities of spelling
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀthe relationship between spelling and the content of wri
ting
Passage 16
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Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years be
fore anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea. People in Britain w
ere much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea
was very expensive. It could not be bought in shops and even those
people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only bec
ause it was a fashionable curiosity. Some of them were not sure how
to use it. They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leav
es. Then they served them mixed with butter and salt. They soon dis
covered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea l
eaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches.
Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships o
f the East India CoMPAny began to bring it direct from China early in
the seventeenth century. During the next few years so much tea cam
e into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to
buy it.
At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and
more fond of tea. Until then tea had been drunk without milk in it, bu
t one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided
to see what tea tasted like when milk was added. She found it so pl
easant that she would never again drink it without milk. Because she
was such a great lady her friends thought they must copy everything
she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it. Slowly this habit
spread until it reached England and today only very few Britons drink
tea without milk.
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At first, tea was usually drunk after dinner in the evening No one eve
r thought of drinking tea in the afternoon until a duchess (公爵夫人) found
that a cup of tea and a piece of cake at three or four o’clock stoppe
d her getting “a sinking feeling” as she called it. She invited her frien
ds to have this new meal with her and so, tea-time was born.
76. Which of the following is true of the introduction of tea into Britai
n?
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀThe Britons got expensive tea from India.
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ Tea reached Britain from Holland.
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀThe Britons were the first people in Europe who drank
tea.
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀIt was not until the 17th century that the Britons had t
ea.
77. This passage mainly discussesꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀthe history of tea drinking in Britain
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ how tea became a popular drink in Britain
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀhow the Britons got the habit of drinking tea
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀhow tea-time was born
78. Tea became a popular drink in Britainꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀin eighteenth century
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B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ in sixteenth century
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀin seventeenth century
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀin the late seventeenth century
79. People in Europe began to drink tea with milk becauseꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀit tasted like milk
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ it tasted more pleasant
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀit became a popular drink
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀMadame de Sevinge was such a lady with great social
influence that people tried to copy the way she drank tea
80. We may infer from the passage that the habit of drinking tea in
Britain was mostly due to the influence ofꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀa famous French lady
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ the ancient Chinese
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀthe upper social class
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀpeople in Holland
Passage 17
A mysterious “black cloud” approaches the earth – our planet’s weathe
r is severely affected.
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Throughout the rest of June and July temperatures rose steadily all o
ver the Earth. In the British isles the temperature climbed through the
eighties, into the nineties, and moved towards the hundred mark. Peo
ple complained, but there was no serious disaster.
The death number in the U. S. Remained quite small, thanks largely
to the air-conditioning units that had been fitted during previous years
and months. Temperatures rose to the limit of human endurance thro
ughout the whole country and people were obliged to remain indoors
for weeks on end. Occasionally air-conditioning units failed and it was
then that fatalities occurred.
Conditions were utterly desperate throughout the tropics (热带地区) as may
be judged from the fact that 7943 species of plants and animals beca
me totally extinct. The survival of Man himself was only possible bec
ause of the caves and cellars (地窖) he was able to dig. Nothing could
be done to reduce the hot air temperature. More than seven hundred
million persons are known to have lost their lives.
Eventually the temperature of the surface waters of the sea rose, not
so fast as the air temperature it is true, but fast enough to produce a
dangerous increase of humidity (湿度). It was indeed this increase that
produced the disastrous conditions just remarked. Millions of people b
etween the latitudes of Cairo and the Cape of Good Hope were subj
ected to a choking atmosphere that grew damper and hotter from day
to day. All human movement ceased. There was nothing to be done
but to lie breathing quickly as a dog does in hot weather.
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By the fourth week of July conditions in the tropics lay balanced betw
een life and total death. Then quite suddenly rain clouds appeared ov
er the whole globe. The temperature declined a little, due no doubt t
o the clouds reflecting more of the Sun’s radiation back into space, B
ut conditions could not be said to have improved. Warm rain fell ever
ywhere, even as far north as Iceland. The insect population increased
enormously, since the burning hot atmosphere was as favorable to th
em as it was unfavorable to Man many other animals.
81. In the British Isles the temperatureꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀstayed at eighty
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ ranged from eighty to ninety
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀapproached one hundred
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀexceeded the hundred mark
82. Few people in the United States lost their lives becauseꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
.
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀthe temperature was tolerable
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ people remained indoors for weeks
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀthe government had taken effective measures to reduc
e the hot temperature
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀpeople were provided with the most comfortable air-con
ditioners
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83. Millions of people in Cairo (开罗) and the Cape of Good Hope (好
望角) were subjected to a choking atmosphere becauseꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀthe temperature grew extremely hot
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ the temperature became damper and hotter as the hu
midity of the surface waters of the sea increased
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀtheir conditions were too dangerous
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀnothing could be done with the hot temperature
84. By the fourth week of July conditions in the tropics were such th
atꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀhuman survival would be impossible
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ more and more people would lose their lives
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀfewer people could be saved
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀsurvival or death was still undecided
85. The insect population increased due toꢀꢀꢀꢀ .
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀthe hot air
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ the tropical climate
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀthe rain clouds
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀthe damp atmosphere
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Passage 18
In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separ
ated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or les
ser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The patte
rn of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in
turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and gi
rl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and
to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by coo
peration rather than by the “battle of the sexes”.
If the process goes too far and man’s role is regarded as less import
ant - and that has happened in some cases – we are as badly of as
before, only in reverse.
It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We
are getting a little tired of “monism” (母亲崇拜), - but we don’t want
to exchange it for a “neo-popism (新父亲崇拜)。” What we need, rather
, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of
equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social worker
s, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part
men play and that they have decided that women should not receive
all the credit (信任) – not all the blame. We have almost given up saying
that a woman’s place is the home. We are beginning, however, to an
alyze men’s place in the home and to insist that he does have a pla
ce in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the
child.
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The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay do
wn rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for so
lving its own problems.
Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wea
rs skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsi
bilities is connected not only with a healthy democracy, but also with
a healthy family.
86. From the passage we know that the author is very concerned wit
h the role thatꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀparents play in bringing up their children
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ men play in a family
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀwomen play in a family
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀequality plays in a family
87. The author means to tell us thatꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ .
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀa man’s place is in the home
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ a woman’s place is in the home
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀa woman should be equal to a man
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀa man should have an equal share in family matters
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88. According to the author, a healthy family should be based onꢀꢀꢀꢀ
.
ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀA) cooperationꢀꢀꢀC) momism
ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀB)ꢀꢀꢀ authoritarianismꢀD) neo-popism
89. Who will benefit most from a family pattern of sharing in tasks an
d decisions?
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀThe children.ꢀC) The man.
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ The womanꢀꢀD) The psychologist.
90. We may safely conclude from the passage thatꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ .
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀmale superiority maintains a healthy family
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ authority and democracy are very essential to a healt
hy family
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀauthoritarianism does no good to a healthy family
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀwomen should be equal to men
Passage 19
I don’t think there is anything wrong with your blood. The key to your
problem is that long nap (打盹，小睡) after dinner.
If you didn’t sleep for hours during the early part of the evening, you
would be more ready to sleep at bedtime. If you didn’t nap after dinn
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er, you would not want to stay up so late, and you would not feel th
e need to take a sleeping pill. The pill is still working in your system
when you get up in the morning. This helps account for the fact that
you feel tired all day.
You should get out of the habit of sleeping during the evening. Right
after your evening meal, engage in some sort of physical activity --- a
sport such as bowling, perhaps. Or get together with friends for an e
vening of cards and conversation. Then go to bed at your usual time
or a little earlier, and you should be able to get a good night's rest
without taking a pill.
If you can get into the habit of spending your evenings this way, I a
m sure you will feel less tired during the day. At first it may be hard
for you to go to sleep without taking a pill. If so, get up and watch t
elevision or do some jobs around your house until you feel sleepy. If
you fall asleep and then wake up a few hours later, get up but do n
ot take a sleeping pill. Read a while or listen to the radio, and make
yourself a few hours’ sleep that night, you will feel better in the morn
ing than you usually feel after taking a pill. The next night you will b
e ready to sleep at an earlier hour.
The most important thing is to avoid taking that nap right after dinner
and avoid taking pills.
91. According to the writer, it is difficult for you to go to sleep becau
seꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ .
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A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀyou get the habit of staying up late
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ you haven’t taken sleeping pills
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀyou sleep for hours after dinner
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀyou fail to do some exercises
92. Which of the following is NOT true if you want to get out of the
habit of sleeping during the evening?
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀGo to bed earlier than usual.
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ Talk with friends after dinner.
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀStay with friends after dinner.
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀDo some physical labor.
93. You feel tired all day probably becauseꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ .
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀyou stay up too late
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ you get up too early in the morning
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀyou take sleeping pills
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀyou wake up too frequently at night
94. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀYou mustn’t take sleeping pills in order to get a good
night’s sleep.
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B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ You should stay up if you want to sleep effectively.
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀFood is necessary at night if you fail to go to sleep.
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀIt is very important to get out of the habit of taking a
nap after dinner.
95. We may infer that the author is most probably aꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ .
A) doctorꢀꢀꢀC) scientist
B) reporterꢀꢀ D) professor
Passage 20
Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated unfairl
y? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talke
d you into it? Are you afraid to ask someone for a date?
Many people are afraid to assert (表现) themselves. Dr. Alberti, author
of Stand Up, Speak Out, and Talk Back, thinks it’s because their self
-respect is low. “Our whole set up (体制) is designed to make people
distrust themselves, ” says Alberti. “There’s always ‘superior’ around –
a parent, a teacher, a boss – who ‘knows better’. There superiors often
gain when they chip (削弱)ꢀaway at your self-image.”
But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help people a
ssert themselves. They offer “assertiveness training ” courses – AT for
short. In the AT courses people learn that they have a right to be th
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emselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. Th
ey learn to be more active without hurting other people.
In one way, learning to speak out is to overcome fear. A group takin
g an At course will help the timid person to lose his fear. But At use
s an even stronger motive-the need to share. The timid person speak
s out in the group because he wants to tell how the feels.
Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-image.
If someone you face is more “important” than you, you may feel less
of a person. You start to doubt your own good sense.
You go by the other person’s demand. But, why should you? AT say
s you can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do , you ca
n learn to speak out.
96. As used the first line, the phrase “talk back” meansꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀpersuade somebody to change his mind
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ answer showing disagreement
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀtalk and go back
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀfight bravely
97. The passage mainly discusses the problem thatꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀpeople are easily cheated when they buy something
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ people are afraid to speak for themselves
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C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀsome people think too low of the themselves
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀsome people are afraid of superiors
98. We may infer from the passage that the author’s attitude towards
the whole set up isꢀꢀꢀꢀ .
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀpositive
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ negative
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀhostile
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀappreciative
99. One thing that “Assertiveness Training” does not do isꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀhelp people overcome fear
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ show people they have a right to be themselves
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀhelp people to assert themselves even if others suffer
D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀhelp people to feel good about themselves
100. A best title for this passage isꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ.
A)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀAssertiveness Training
B)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ Development of Self-respect
C)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀThe Importance of Self-image
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D)ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀHow to Feel Good About Yourself
Key
Passage 1ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀCBDADꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
Passage 2ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀBCDDCꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
Passage 3ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀBBACCꢀ
Passage 4ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀCDDACꢀꢀꢀꢀ
Passage 5ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀDCDBBꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
Passage 6ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀCCBDB
Passage 7ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀCDCABꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
Passage 8ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀBCCDAꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
Passage 9ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀBDCAC
Passage 10ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ CDBCAꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
Passage 11ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ CDDCAꢀꢀꢀꢀ
Passage 12ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ ABDBC
Passage 13ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ CBDDDꢀꢀꢀꢀ
Passage 14ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ DCDCAꢀꢀꢀꢀ
Passage 15ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ BCCDD
Passage 16.ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀBACDCꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
Passage 17ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ CDBDAꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
Passage 18ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ BDAAB
Passage 19ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ CDCDAꢀꢀꢀꢀ
Passage 20ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ BCBCA
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