文档内容
1．solidarity n．团结，齐心协力
2．BCE abbr.公元前
3．racial adj.种族的；种族间的
4．joint adj.联合的，共同的 n．关节；接合处
5．motto n．(pl.mottoes，mottos)格言，座右铭
6．boundary n．边界，分界线
7．afterwards (also afterward) adv.以后，后来
8．proceed vi.接着做；继而做；继续从事(或进行)；行进，前往
继续/接着做某事
proceed to sp前往某地
9．flame n．火焰，火舌
10．consistent adj.一致的，始终如一的；连续的
11.humanity n．(统称)人，人类；人性；人道，仁慈
12．trend n．趋势，趋向
13．hurdle n．(hurdles)跨栏赛；栏架；障碍
14．advent n．(重要事件、人物等的)到来，出现
15．ascend vi.& vt.上升，升高，登高
16．identical adj.完全同样的
be identical to/with sb/sth与某人/某物相同
17．fellow adj.同类的，同情况的，同伴的 n．同辈，同类；男人，家伙
18．relay n．接力赛 vt.转发(信息、消息等)；播放，转播
19．chest n．胸部；大箱子
20．cheek n．面颊，脸颊
21．half-marathon n．半程马拉松赛跑
22．amateur n．业余运动员，业余爱好者；生手，外行 adj.业余的
23．ankle n．踝，踝关节24．gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地
25．session n．一段时间，一场；会议，开庭；学年
26．marathon n．马拉松赛跑；马拉松式的活动(或工作)
27．chairman n．(委员会的)委员长，主席；(会议的)主席，主持人
28．constitution n．体质，身体素质；宪法，章程
29．pour vt.& vi.倒，斟；倾倒，倒出；涌流，倾泻；下大雨
pour...into...把……倒入……；大量投资于……
pour out倾吐，倾诉，毫无保留地表达感情(或思想等)
30．celebrity n．名人；名望
31．humility n．谦逊，谦虚
32．dignity n．尊严；自尊；高贵
33．bobsleigh n．大雪橇(供两人或两人以上比赛用)
34．idiom n．习语，成语
35．league n．联赛；等级，级别
36．net n．(the net)球门网；网，网状物
37．insurance n．保险业；保险；保险费
38．salesman n．售货员，推销员
39．unintentionally adv.无意地，非故意地
40．council n．政务委员会，地方议会；市政服务机构；委员会
41．backfire vi.产生事与愿违的不良(或危险)后果
42．ballpark n．棒球场；变动范围
43．venue n．活动场地
44．curveball n．曲线球
45．handle vt.处理，应付；控制，操纵 n．把手，拉手；柄
46．fist n．拳，拳头
47．waist n．腰，腰部；(衣服的)腰部
48．towel n．毛巾，抹布，纸巾
49．literally adv.真正地，确实地；按字面，字面上
50．iron n．铁；熨斗 vt.& vi.(用熨斗)熨，烫平
51．diverse adj.多种多样的，不同的→diversity n．多样性；多种多样
the diversity of...……的多样性
a great/wide/rich diversity of...各种各样的……
52．motivate vt.激励，激发；成为……的动机，是……的原因→motivation n．动力；诱因；
干劲
motivate sb to do sth激励某人做某事53．demonstrate vt.表现，表露；证实，证明；示范，演示 vi.游行示威→demonstration n．
表现，表达；证实，证明；示范，演示；游行示威
54．applaud vt.& vi.称赞，赞许；鼓掌→applause n．鼓掌；喝彩
applaud sb for sth因……称赞某人
55．election n．选举，推选；当选→elect vt.选举；推选
elect sb as/to be...选举某人为……
56．ambition n．追求的目标，夙愿；野心，雄心，壮志→ambitious adj.有志气的，有野心
的
57．limit n．限度，限制；限额，限量；界限 vt.限制，限定；限量，减量→limited adj.有
限的→limitless adj.无限的→limitation n．局限；限制
58．opponent n．对手，竞争者；反对者→opposing adj.对抗的；相反的→opposed adj.强烈
反对的；截然不同的
59．grace n．高雅，文雅；优美；风度，体面→graceful adj.优美的，优雅的；雅致的；得
体的
60．unselfish adj.无私的，忘我的→selfish adj.自私的→selfishness n．自私自利→selfless
adj.无私的→selflessness n．无私，忘我
61．complain vi.& vt.抱怨，投诉→complaint n．不满；抱怨；埋怨；投诉
·complain (to sb) about/of (doing) sth (向某人)抱怨(做)某事
·make/file a complaint (to sb) about/of...(向某人)抱怨/投诉……
62．cruel adj.刻毒伤人的，残酷的→cruelty n．残忍；残酷→cruelly adv.残酷地；残忍地
63．track and field田径运动
64．walk on air欢天喜地，得意扬扬
65．keep sth in perspective正确客观地看待
66．find one’s way into偶然来到，无意中处于
67．move the goalposts改变条件(或规则)
68．score an own goal进乌龙球；无意中做让自己吃亏的事
69．in the ballpark差不多
70．a ballpark estimate大致相近的估计
71．throw sb a curveball给某人出难题
72．three strikes and you are out三振出局
73．below the belt不公正的，伤人的
74．throw in the towel认输，承认失败
75．die out灭绝；逐渐消失
76．side by side肩并肩地，一起；相互支持
77．It was a Frenchman，Pierre de Coubertin，who brought the Olympics back to life.(强调句
型)是一位名叫皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦的法国人使奥运会重获生机。
78．His dream was that the Olympics would help people of different racial origins and from
different cultures live side by side in peace.(that引导表语从句)
他的梦想是借助奥运会让不同种族、不同文化的人和平地生活在一起。
79．Whether you come first or last，it is important to remember that at any sporting event，
you face two opponents：your fellow competitors and yourself.(whether...or...引导让步状语从句)
无论你是第一名还是最后一名，重要的是要记住，在任何体育赛事中，你都面临着两个对手：
与你同场竞技的人和你自己。
80．This idiom is often used to talk about situations where people fail after wasting three
chances.(先行词为situation时where引导的定语从句)
这个习语经常用于谈论某人错失三次良机后失败的情况。
81．Thankfully，goalposts do not really move—but when a player scores an own goal，he or she
might wish they did.(wish后接虚拟语气)
谢天谢地，门柱并不会真的移动——但当球员踢进乌龙球时，他或她说不定会希望球门真能
移动。
1．participate vi.参与，参加→participation n．参加，参与→participant n．参与者
participate in参加；参与
2.compete vi.参加比赛；竞争→competition n．竞争；比赛→competitive adj.竞争的；有竞
争性的→competitor n．竞争者
compete in参加……的比赛；在……方面竞争
compete for为……而竞争
compete with/against和……竞争
3.rank vi.& vt.属于某等级，把……分等级；排列，使排成行 n．地位，级别；等级；排，
列；军衔
rank first/second/...位居第一/第二/……
rank as列为……
4.faith n．信任；信心；信念；宗教信仰→faithful adj.忠实的；守信的→faithfully adv.忠
实地
·have/lose faith in对……有/失去信心
keep faith with恪守对……的信任
break faith with背弃；背信；脱离
·be faithful to sb/sth忠实于某人/某事
5.remark n．[C]谈论，言论 vi.& vt.评论，说起→remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的
·make remarks/a remark on/upon/about...就……发表评论/意见·remark on/upon对……进行评论
6.call on sb to do sth正式邀请某人做某事；请求某人做某事
call up给……打电话；(使)想起
call off取消
call for要求；需要；去接(某人)
call at拜访(地点)
7．too...to...
When a boxer is losing badly and is too tired or confused to give up on his or her own，the
coach will literally throw a towel into the ring to end the fight.
当一名拳击手输得很惨，并且因太累或思维太混乱而无法自己宣告放弃时，教练就会真的扔
一条毛巾到擂台上，示意结束对抗。
·too＋adj./adv.(＋for sb)＋to do sth表示否定的意义，意为“太……而不能……”。
·当“too...to...”结构用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词，如 anxious，eager，
glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing等时，表示肯定意义，意为“非常”。
·can’t/can never...too...再怎么……也不过分。
1．那些想参加比赛的人应该在5月21日前交上相关材料。(应用文写作之通知)(定语从句)
Those who want to participate in the competition are supposed to present relevant materials before
May 21.
2．生活是一段旅程，你必须不断地与他人竞争，才能超越自我。(读后续写之主旨升华)
Life is a journey where you must constantly compete with/against others to go beyond yourself.
3．得知你在上周举行的英语演讲比赛中排名第一，我写信表示衷心的祝贺。(应用文写作之
祝贺信)
Learning that you ranked first in the English speech competition held last week ， I am writing to
express my sincere congratulations.
4．在我看来，她无私的帮助不仅能使那些需要帮助的人实现他们的梦想，重拾他们对生活
的信心，还能激励更多的人参与到这样的善举中。(话题写作之人物介绍)
As far as I am concerned，not only will her unselfish help enable those in need to realize their
dreams and rebuild their faith in life，but it also will motivate more people to participate in such
a good deed.
5．他对我的工作没做出任何评论，但脸上露出一丝微笑。(读后续写之神态描写)
He made no remark about/on/upon my work，but a trace of smile spread across his face.
6．最后但同样重要的是，我们呼吁年轻人参与到保护海洋生态环境的行动中来。
(2022·全国甲，短文投稿)
Last but not least，we call on young people to take part in/participate in the actions of protectingthe marine ecological environment.
7．我非常激动，写信申请参加贵校的汉语工作坊活动。(2023·天津6月) (too...to)
I am too excited to write to apply to take part in/participate in the Chinese Workshop event at your
school.
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共8分)
1．solidarity n．团结，齐心协力
2．amateur n． 业余运动员，业余爱好者；生手，外行 ad j . 业余的
3．humanity n．人，人类；人性；人道
4．humility n．谦逊，谦虚
5．marathon n． 马拉松赛跑；马拉松式的活动 ( 或工作 )
6．literally ad v . 真正地，确实地；按字面，字面上
7．venue n．活动场地
8．motto n．格言，座右铭
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1．joint adj.联合的，共同的 n．关节；接合处
2．boundary n．边界，分界线
3．rank vi.& vt.属于某等级，把……分等级；排列，使排成行 n．地位，级别；等级；排
列；军衔
4．trend n．趋势，趋向
5．fellow adj.同类的，同情况的，同伴的 n．同辈，同类；男人，家伙
6．session n．一段时间，一场；会议，开庭；学年
7．dignity n．尊严；自尊；高贵
8．insurance n．保险业；保险；保险费
9．handle vt.处理，应付；控制，操纵 n．把手，拉手；柄
10．consistent adj.一致的，始终如一的；连续的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题1.5分，共12分)
1．demonstrate vt.表现，表露；证实，证明；示范，演示 vi.游行示威→demonstration n．
表现，表达；证实，证明；示范，演示；游行示威
2．ambition n．追求的目标，夙愿；野心，雄心→ambitious adj.有志气的，有野心的
3．faith n．信任；信心；信念；宗教信仰→faithful adj.忠实的；守信的→faithfully adv.忠
实地
4．opponent n．对手，竞争者；反对者→opposing adj.对抗的；相反的→opposed adj.强烈
反对的；截然不同的5．unselfish adj.无私的，忘我的→selfish adj.自私的→selfishness n．自私自利→selfless
adj.无私的→selflessness n．无私，忘我
6．remark n．[C]谈论，言论 vi.& vt.评论，说起→remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的
7．cruel adj.刻毒伤人的，残酷的→cruelty n．残忍；残酷→cruelly adv.残酷地；残忍地
8．election n．选举，推选；当选→elect vt.选举；推选
Ⅳ.核心短语(每小题2分，共12分)
1．track and field 田径运动
2．a ballpark estimate 大致相近的估计
3．keep sth in perspective 正确客观地看待
4．pour out 毫无保留地表达感情(或思想等)
5．move the goalposts 改变条件(或规则)
6．score an own goal 进乌龙球；无意中做让自己吃亏的事
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共14分)
1．I will devote my limited life to the limitless service of the people.(limit)
2．The audience applauded the performer and the thunderous applause moved him to tears.
(applaud)
3．He，who was recognized as one of the excellent competitors，competed in the sports meeting
and the competition was very fierce.(compete)
4．Encouraged by the teacher，the participants actively participated in the English speech
contest.Their participation inspired the rest of the class to study hard.(participate)
5．With the improvement of environment，diverse plants and animals appear in this area.And the
diversity of creatures attracts more and more tourists.(diverse)
6．Teachers often motivate the students to study hard.Sometimes the motivation is essential for
the students.(motivate)
7 ． He complained that he had been waiting for us until the flowers faded.Facing this
complaint，we had no choice but to apologize to him.(complain)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题2分，共12分)
1．If we don’t take measures to protect these rare animals，they will die out sooner or later.
2．I wandered aimlessly and found my way into an unfamiliar jungle.
3．Hearing the good idea，Bernard walked on air and jumped up，with tears filling his eyes.
4．This work requires joint efforts of every member of our team and then，her withdrawal throws
us a curveball.
5．The citizens are called on to use the recycled materials in daily life.
6．It is not typical of him to throw in the towel，because he is a strong-willed person.Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共12分)
1．在我看来，正是她母亲的鼓励帮助她建立了信心并做出了改变。(强调句型)
From my point of view， it was her mother ’ s encouragement that helped her build up the
confidence and make a change.
2．无论你是否把我当成你的朋友，我都对你忠诚。(whether...or...引导让步状语从句)
Whether you regard me as your friend or not，I will be faithful to you.
3．这就是为什么我申请这份需要耐心和细心的工作。(where引导定语从句)
This is why I apply for the job where patience and care are needed.
4．一到家，我就累得不能再多走一步了。(too...to...)
When arriving at home，I was too tired to walk one more step.
Ⅳ.语法填空 文中加黑词汇为本单元词汇(每小题1.5分，共15分)
Jack,1.an amateur sportsman，participated in diverse competitions and demonstrated
his ambition and faith.
At the beginning，he took up track and field.He was always the first 2.to do(do) training in
the court.Thanks to his 3.consistent(consist) efforts ， he 4.ranked(rank) first in a half-
marathon.Afterwards，he took an interest in the men’s 100-meter hurdles，5.which were
difficult to handle.But he didn’t throw in the towel.In the end，he defeated all the opponents
in a match.When 6.rewarded(reward) with a prize，he couldn’t help bursting into tears.His
motto was：Win with humility，lose with grace,7.and do both with dignity.
Jack was also an unselfish man.He committed 8.himself(he) to doing voluntary work to help
people in need and called 9.on others to participate in the relay race.Motivated by his spirit，
more people began to do the identical cause.He held the firm belief that only by joint efforts and
solidarity could we build a more 10.harmonious(harmony) world.
handle
1．Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the
details，make suggestions，and then handle the actual reservations.(2023·浙江1月) C
2．The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.(2022·全国
甲) A
3．The little girl turned the handle and opened the door，which surprised her parents. B
1．Students who demonstrated against the war were sent into prison by the policemen. v . 游行示
威2．He was soon promoted to the rank of captain. n . 军衔；军阶
3．People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.(2021·全国乙)
v . 不断涌向
2020·新课标Ⅰ改编假定你是李华，你的好友Bob对上周日你校举办的5千米越野赛
跑活动感兴趣，请你写信告诉他活动的相关内容，内容包括：
1.介绍活动；2.活动反响。
完成句子
1．得知你对我校举办的越野跑步比赛表现出极大的兴趣，我现在写信对此作详细评述。
(remark，现在分词短语作状语)
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2．为了丰富我们的校园生活，我们学校上周日组织了一场5千米越野跑步比赛，我积极参
加了这场比赛。(participate，非限制性定语从句)
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3．来自二十个班的九十名学生怀着完成比赛的信念相互竞争。(compete，faith)
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4．当接近终点线时，我们大多数人都累得不能继续跑下去，但没有人放弃。(too...to...，状
语从句的省略)
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5．比赛结束后，我们评价这次比赛不仅为我们提供了锻炼身体的机会，而且让我们更加意
志坚定。 (remark，not only...but also...)
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6．我们确实希望我们今后能参与更多类似的活动。(wish)
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组句成篇 把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
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参考范文
Dear Bob，
Learning that you show great interest in the cross-country running race held in our school，
I’m writing to make remarks on it in detail.
In order to enrich our campus life，our school organized a 5km cross-country running race
last Sunday，which I actively participated in.Ninety students from twenty classes competed
with each other with the faith of finishing the race.When approaching the finish line，most of
us were too tired to continue，but no one gave up.After the race，we remarked that the race
not only provided a chance for us to exercise，but also made us more determined.
We do wish that we could participate in more similar activities in the future.
Yours，
Li Hua
教材语料整合
[人物描写] solidarity n．团结，齐心协力 joint adj.联合的，共同的 faith
n．信心；宗教信仰
fellow adj.同类的，同情况的，同伴的 n．同辈，同类；男人，家伙 ankle
n．踝，踝关节 opponent n．对手，竞争者；反对者
亮词
[动作描写] participate vi.参加，参与 compete vi.参加比赛；竞争 applaud
vt.& vi.称赞，赞许；鼓掌
rank vi.& vt.属于某等级，把……分等级；排列，使排成行 complain vi.&
vt.抱怨，投诉
1.His dream was that the Olympics would help people of different racial origins and
from different cultures live side by side in peace.(人物描写)
2.He came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics，when he won the
light heavyweight gold medal for the USA，demonstrating great talent and
美句
personality in the process.(人物描写)
3.Sport is challenging and so is life.However，when you are thrown a curveball，
do not throw in the towel—work hard，be careful not to score an own goal，and
you are sure to make it！(主旨升华)
拓展语料积累 动作细节描写：跑、走、冲(一)
单词 1.run v．& n．跑；移动；(使)流动 2.dash v．& n．飞奔；猛冲 3.rushv．& n．猛冲
4.charge v．猛冲 5.dart v．飞奔 6.hurry v．匆忙，赶快 7.storm v．气呼
呼地疾走；闯；冲
8.stumble v．跌跌撞撞地走
1.rush off/away like a bird像鸟一样飞走
2.dash straight into...直接冲进……
3.rush/charge towards...like an arrow像箭一样冲向……
词块
4.make a running step back跑着后退
5.dash back匆忙返回
6.storm into/out of...冲进/冲出……
1.With his feet bleeding，the man stumbled forward through the darkness as if
drunk.
那人脚上流着血，跌跌撞撞地在黑暗中前进，好像喝醉了似的。 (状语从句的
省略)
2.She stormed into my office waving a newspaper.
她挥舞着一张报纸怒气冲冲地闯进我的办公室。(现在分词短语作状语)
3.With tears streaming down his face，he ran towards his mother，throwing
himself into her arms.
泪水顺着他的脸颊流淌，他向母亲跑去，扑进她的怀里。(with复合结构)
4.Tired out，I felt my legs were heavy like ice-blocks and couldn’t make it to
句型
the finish line.
我累坏了，我觉得我的腿像冰块一样沉重，无法到达终点线。(比喻)
5.With his heart in his throat，he rushed/charged towards the burning building
like an arrow.
他的心都提到嗓子眼儿了，他像箭一样冲向燃烧的大楼。(比喻)
6.With a smile on his face，he charged towards his friends，happy to see them.
他面带微笑，朝他的朋友们冲去，很高兴见到他们。(形容词作状语)
7.I was so tired that my legs were heavy like ice-blocks，but I gathered all my
strength and dashed to the finish line.我太累了，腿像冰块一样沉重，但我还是
竭尽全力，朝终点线冲去。(so...that...)
语料运用 体育精神
①Determined to build up my strength and strengthen my willpower(形容词作状语)，I
signed up for the city half-marathon.Having trained hard for days，I was finally greeted with the
big day.At the beginning of the competition，I was at ease and relaxed，②rushing in front of the
crowd like an arrow(比喻句)．However，when it came to the last five miles，my legs were heavy
like ice-blocks，so I had to drag my legs，③stumbling forward as if drunk(现在分词短语作状语，状语从句的省略)．I ④was about to give up when I heard some people excitedly cheering for
me.I ⑤gathered all my strength and dashed to the finish line.Then came the excited screams from
my friends.When I realized I had made it，⑥tears of joy streamed down my cheeks(无灵主语)．
With a smile on my face, I ⑦charged towards my friends，hugging them tightly.
决心增强我的力量和意志力，我报名参加了城市半程马拉松比赛。经过几天的艰苦训练，
我终于迎来了重要的一天。比赛开始时，我很放松，像箭一样冲在人群前面。然而，当跑到
最后五英里时，我的腿像冰块一样重，所以我不得不拖着腿，跌跌撞撞地向前走，好像喝醉
了一样。我正要放弃时，突然听到有人激动地为我加油。我竭尽全力，冲到了终点线。接着
传来的是我的朋友们激动的尖叫声。意识到我已经成功了，喜悦的泪水顺着我的脸颊流了下
来。我微笑着冲向我的朋友，紧紧地拥抱着他们。
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
As we age，even if we’re healthy，the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as
it used to be.In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s.And among people who
don’t exercise，the changes can start even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band.In the beginning，it is flexible，but put it in a drawer for 20 years
and it will become dry and easily broken，” says Dr.Ben Levine，a heart specialist at the
University of Texas.That’s what happens to the heart.Fortunately for those in midlife，Levine is
finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser，getting in shape now may help
improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not
exercise much but were otherwise healthy.Participants were randomly divided into two groups.The
first group participated in a program of nonaerobic(无氧) exercise—balance training and weight
training—three times a week.The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the
guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.After two years ，the second group saw
remarkable improvements in heart health.
“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30- or 35-year-old hearts，”
says Levine.“And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now
fill a lot better and pump(泵送) a lot more blood during exercise.” But the hearts of those who
participated in less intense exercise didn’t change，he says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising，if you haven’t already，is in late middle age
when the heart still has flexibility，” Levine says.“We put healthy 70-year-olds through a year-
long exercise training program，and nothing happened to them at all.”Dr.Nieca Goldberg，a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association，says Levine’s
findings are a great start.But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of
people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
1．What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band?
A．The right way of exercising.
B．The causes of a heart attack.
C．The difficulty of keeping fit.
D．The aging process of the heart.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的“‘Think of a rubber band.In the beginning，it is flexible，
but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken，’ says Dr.Ben
Levine，a heart specialist at the University of Texas.That’s what happens to the heart.”可知，
莱文想通过橡皮筋的例子来解释心脏的老化过程，故选D。
2．In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design?
A．Diet plan.
B．Professional background.
C．Exercise type.
D．Previous physical condition.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的“The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic(无
氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week.The second group did
high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.”可知，
两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同，故选C。
3．What does Levine’s research find?
A．Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B．High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C．It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D．The more exercise we do，the stronger our hearts get.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的“The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under
the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.After two years，the second group saw
remarkable improvements in heart health.”和第四段的“‘We took these 50-year-old hearts and
turned the clock back to 30- or 35-year-old hearts，’ says Levine.”可知，莱文的研究发现通
过有氧运动，中年人的心脏会变得更年轻，故选A。4．What does Dr.Nieca Goldberg suggest?
A．Making use of the findings.
B．Interviewing the study participants.
C．Conducting further research.
D．Clarifying the purpose of the study.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But the study was small and needs to be repeated with
far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the
biggest difference.”可知，妮卡·戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C。
B
Making day-to-day activities more intense for a few minutes—such as briefly stepping up the
pace of a walk—could offer people who don’t exercise some of the health benefits that exercisers
enjoy，according to a new study of roughly 25,000 adults who reported no exercise in their free
time.
Those who include three one- to two-minute bursts of intense activity per day saw a nearly a
40 percent drop in the risk of death from any cause compared with those without such activity.The
risk of death from cancer also fell by nearly 40 percent ， and the risk of death from
cardiovascular(心血管的) disease dropped almost 50 percent，researchers report online December
8 in Nature Medicine.
“This study adds to other literature showing that even short amounts of activity are
beneficial，” says Lisa Cadmus-Bertram，a physical activity epidemiologist(流行病学家) at the
University of Wisconsin-Madison.“So many people are daunted by feeling that they don’t have
the time，money，motivation，transportation，etc.to go to a gym regularly or work out for long
periods of time，” she says.“The message we can take is that it is absolutely worth doing what
you can.”
The researchers were looking for bursts of intense activity that met a definition determined in
a laboratory study，like reaching at least 77 percent of maximum heart rate and at least 64 percent
of maximum oxygen consumption.In real life，the signs that someone has reached the needed
intensity level are “an increase in heart rate and feeling out of breath” in the first 15 to 30
seconds of an activity，Stamatakis says.
Regular daily activities offer several opportunities for these bursts，he says.“The simplest
one is maximizing walking pace for a minute or two during any regular walk.” Other options，he
says，include carrying grocery bags to the car or taking the stairs.“The largest population health
gains will be realized by finding ways to get the least physically active people to move a little
more.”
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了短时间的爆发性运动对健康的益处并给出了在日常活动中进行该类运动的建议。
5．What was found about intense activity in the new study?
A．It helped to lower the risk of death.
B．It was more beneficial to exercisers.
C．It relieved the pain of cancer patients.
D．It cured people of cardiovascular disease.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。由第二段第一句“Those who include three one- to two-minute bursts of
intense activity per day saw a nearly a 40 percent drop in the risk of death from any cause
compared with those without such activity.”可知，短时间的爆发性运动可以降低死亡风险，
故选A。
6．What does the underlined word “daunted” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Inspired. B．Surprised.
C．Discouraged. D．Confused.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。由第三段画线词后文“by feeling that they don’t have the time，
money，motivation，transportation...”可知，考虑到时间、金钱等多种因素，人们对锻炼身
体感到挫败，daunted意为“挫败的，灰心的”，故选C。
7．Which activity might be suggested by Stamatakis?
A．Working out every day.
B．Taking stairs at an even pace.
C．Keeping running at high speed.
D．Adding short bursts to a regular walk.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。由文章最后一段前两句 “Regular daily activities offer several
opportunities for these bursts，he says.‘The simplest one is maximizing walking pace for a
minute or two during any regular walk.’”可知，Stamatakis建议人们可以在日常活动中加入
短时间的爆发性运动，例如在走路时加入1－2分钟的快速走，故选D。
8．What might be a suitable title for the text?
A．The Simplest Daily Exercise Activities
B．Brief Intense Activities Can Be Helpful
C．The Guidance on Brief Intense Activities
D．Regular Exercise Is Necessary for Everyone
答案 B解析 标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了短时间的爆发性运动对健康的益处。文章第一段
“Making day-to-day activities more intense for a few minutes...could offer people who don’t
exercise some of the health benefits that exercisers enjoy...”点明主旨，接下来对研究过程进行
详细的介绍，最后提出在日常活动中进行该类运动的建议，B项“短暂的高强度活动是有帮
助的”适合作为文章标题，故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
We’re all told time and again how important it is to exercise for good health.But with our
busy schedules，finding the time to work out is often easier said than done. 1
UK exercise guidelines suggest that adults should do at least 150 minutes of exercise a week
for good health. 2 It is about whether or not you can still get the benefits of exercise if you
squeeze(挤出) it all in on a weekend instead of spreading it throughout the week.
A recent study found that weekend exercisers had a 30% lower risk of premature death from
all causes compared to inactive people.Risk of death from heart disease was also around 40%
lower，while risk of death from all types of cancer was around 18% lower compared to those who
were inactive.But they also found that spreading your workouts throughout the week was
associated with the greatest benefits for your health. 3 That is，they had a 5% lower risk of
premature death from any cause compared to weekend exercisers.
4 It suggests the more exercise you do，the more beneficial it is to your health.But this
is only true up to a certain point—with research showing that doing more than five times the
minimum recommended weekly activity has no added benefits.
It’s well-known that exercise improves our heart fitness.This allows us to exercise longer
and more intensely. 5 This is also likely the reason why people who exercise regularly have
lower risk of premature death from any cause.
But research shows that how often you exercise is also important for improving and
maintaining fitness.Regular exercise will lead to adaptations that are good for health.
A．But debate is growing around the issue.
B．This finding is consistent with previous research.
C．Regularly active people had the best health overall.
D．Most people find it hard to do exercise at the weekend.
E．For many of us，the weekend is the only time to exercise.
F．However，it may cause serious diseases，such as heart attacks.
G．Also，it improves other aspects of our health like lowering blood pressure.
1．答案 E
解析 根据前句“But with our busy schedules，finding the time to work out is often easier said
than done.”可知，因为平时工作繁忙，很难有时间锻炼。选项E“对我们很多人来说，周末是唯一锻炼的时间”能够承接上文。故选E。
2．答案 A
解析 根据后句“It is about whether or not you can still get the benefits of exercise if you
squeeze(挤出) it all in on a weekend instead of spreading it throughout the week.”可知，该空与
前一句为转折关系，空处应提到每周运动时长是分散还是集中进行的问题具有争议性。所以
选项A“但围绕这个问题的争论越来越多”符合上下文语境。故选A。
3．答案 C
解析 根据前句“But they also found that spreading your workouts throughout the week was
associated with the greatest benefits for your health.”和后句“That is，they had a 5% lower risk
of...”可知，空处提到的内容应和“they”指代的对象一致，指的是“经常运动的人”，且
应提到将时间分散开的、有规律的锻炼对健康更好。故选C。
4．答案 B
解析 根据上文和后句“It suggests the more exercise you do，the more beneficial it is to your
health.”可知，运动越多越健康，这一发现与之前的研究相一致。故选B。
5．答案 G
解析 根据上文“It’s well-known that exercise improves our heart fitness.This allows us to
exercise longer and more intensely.”可知，这里继续陈述运动的好处。所以选项G“此外，
它还能改善我们健康的其他方面，比如降低血压”符合上下文语境。故选G。
Ⅲ.完形填空
On the final day of my high school，I was hit in the face with a baseball bat.As my classmate
1 at the ball with all his strength，the bat slipped out of his hands and came flying toward me
before 2 me directly between my eyes.I have no memory of the moment of 3 .
When I opened my eyes，I saw people 4 at me and running over to help.Shocked and
5 ，I was unaware of how severely I had been injured.
Shortly after arriving at the local hospital，my body began 6 .I struggled with basic 7
like swallowing and breathing.So the doctors decided the local hospital was 8 to handle the
situation and 9 me a helicopter to fly me to a larger hospital.
The following months were hard.It felt like everything in my life was a 10 .I had double
vision for weeks and I 11 couldn’t see straight.But I was determined not to let my injury get
me down.Although the path of recovery was not 12 ，I managed to get my life in order.With
constant efforts，I even became a college athlete and played professionally to 13 my
potential.
The experience taught me a 14 lesson：what doesn’t beat you makes you stronger.We
all deal with 15 but in the long run，the quality of our lives often depends on the attitude
towards setbacks in life.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者不幸被同学的棒球棒击中脸部，伤得非常严
重，但是作者努力克服困难，让生活回归正常。作者从这次经历中学会了积极应对生活的挑
战，让自己变得更为强大。
1．A.aimed B．swung
C．pointed D．grabbed
答案 B
解析 根据下文“at the ball with all his strength，the bat slipped out of his hands”可推知，作
者的同学在用全力朝棒球打去，然后球棒滑落了。故选B。
2．A.striking B．interrupting
C．wrapping D．embracing
答案 A
解析 根据上文“I was hit in the face with a baseball bat”可知，作者被同学的棒球棒击中。
故选A。
3．A.impression B．image
C．invitation D．impact
答案 D
解析 根据上文“I was hit in the face with a baseball bat”及“I have no memory of”可知，作
者的脸被同学的棒球棒击中，应该是不记得被撞击的那一刻了。故选D。
4．A.laughing B．shouting
C．pointing D．staring
答案 D
解析 根据上文“When I opened my eyes，I saw people”可知，作者睁开了眼睛，看到的应
该是大家都盯着他看。故选D。
5．A.bored B．amused
C．confused D．disappointed
答案 C
解析 根据下文“I was unaware of how severely I had been injured”可知，作者不知道自己伤
得有多严重，所以在那一刻应该是困惑的。故选C。
6．A.taking off B．breaking out
C．opening up D．shutting down
答案 D
解析 take off 起飞；break out 爆发；open up 开放；shut down 停止运行。根据下文“I
struggled with basic”可知，作者在行动上遇到了困难，所以应该是身体停止运转。故选D。
7．A.functions B．rolesC．rights D．responsibilities
答案 A
解析 根据下文“like swallowing and breathing”可知，吞咽和呼吸是身体的基本功能。故
选A。
8．A.uninvited B．uninterested
C．unmanned D．unequipped
答案 D
解析 根据下文“fly me to a larger hospital”可知，作者被运往更大的医院接受治疗，所以
本地的医院应该是不具备处理这种情况的能力。故选D。
9．A.assisted B．ordered
C．commanded D．instructed
答案 B
解析 根据下文“me a helicopter”可推知，医生们应该是为作者叫了一架直升机，
ordered“要求提供服务”符合语境，order sb sth是固定短语，意为“帮某人叫某种服务”。
故选B。
10．A.chance B．hit
C．mess D．balance
答案 C
解析 根据上文“The following months were hard.”可知，接下来的几个月很艰难，所以作
者的生活应该是陷入了混乱。故选C。
11．A.barely B．literally
C．immediately D．purposely
答案 B
解析 barely几乎不；literally简直；immediately立即；purposely故意地。 根据上文“I had
double vision for weeks”可知，作者有重影，所以此处是强调简直看不清东西。故选B。
12．A.broad B．traditional
C．smooth D．remote
答案 C
解析 根据上文作者的生活陷入混乱，视力受到严重影响可推知，康复的道路应该并不顺利。
故选C。
13．A.record B．change
C．adopt D．realize
答案 D
解析 根据上文“I even became a college athlete”和下文“my potential”可推知，作者成了
大学运动员和职业球员可以充分发挥潜力。故选D。14．A.creative B．critical
C．bitter D．cheerful
答案 B
解析 根据上文作者克服受伤后的困难，让生活恢复正常，并通过努力成为大学运动员和职
业球员可推知，作者从这次经历中学到了很重要的一课。故选B。
15．A.challenges B．outcomes
C．opportunities D．experiences
答案 A
解析 根据下文“the attitude towards setbacks in life”可推知，此处作者说的是面对挑战。
故选A。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Traditional Fitness Qigong Wins
Hearts of Young Chinese
No one could have expected that slow-moving Qigong 1. (become) popular
among Chinese young people in the past several years.Short videos of young Chinese doing
traditional fitness Qigong have flooded video websites，among 2. a video of
Baduanjin has been played for more than 10 million times and received over 6,000 comments on a
video sharing platform targeting young people.
Baduanjin is one of the oldest fitness 3. (method) to stay healthy in China，
originally created over 800 years ago during the Song Dynasty.The name refers 4.___________
how the eight individual movements provide a soft quality for the movement of the body.
Compared with more 5. (physical) demanding sports such as the ball games or
swimming，Baduanjin is slow and usually accompanied by restful music，so it used to be
considered as the sport 6. (intend) for the elders.However，not requiring much
space，equipment or time，it’s perfect for office workers，as they often suffer from back and
neck pain caused by 7. (sit) in front of computers for hours.
“I’ve been doing Baduanjin for a couple of months，which makes 8. (I)
sleep well and get strong，” 9. young netizen commented below the video.“I
owe big thanks to Baduanjin as it offers a much 10. (good) lifestyle.”
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文，介绍了八段锦功法的起源、特点、当下在中国年轻人群中的火
热程度及其原因。
1．答案 has become
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。空处为句子谓语动词，根据时间状语in the past several years可
知应用现在完成时，主语slow-moving Qigong表示单数概念，且与 become 是主谓关系，
故填has become。2．答案 which
解析 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为 Short videos，关系词在从句
中作介词 among 的宾语，应用关系代词which和among构成“介词＋关系代词”引导定语
从句，故填which。
3．答案 methods
解析 考查名词复数。此处为“one of the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数”结构，表示“最……
的……之一”，故填methods。
4．答案 to
解析 考查介词。refer to“指的是”，是固定短语。故填to。
5．答案 physically
解析 考查副词。空处应用副词作状语修饰后面的形容词demanding，故填physically。
6．答案 intended
解析 考查形容词。be intended for“特意为……而准备”是固定短语，此处是作后置定语
修饰名词sport。故填intended。
7．答案 sitting
解析 考查非谓语动词。空处在介词by后，应用动名词形式作宾语，故填sitting。
8．答案 me
解析 考查代词。动词makes后应用人称代词宾格形式。故填me。
9．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。netizen是可数名词，此处泛指“一位年轻的网民”，且young的发音以辅
音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
10．答案 better
解析 考查比较级。此处应填形容词作定语，结合语境和副词much可知，此处应用比较级。
故填better。
Ⅴ.读后续写微写作
(2022·新课标Ⅰ)
It was the day of the big cross-country run.Students from seven different primary schools in
and around the small town were warming up and walking the route(路线) through thick evergreen
forest.
I looked around and finally spotted David，who was standing by himself off to the side by a
fence.He was small for ten years old.His usual big toothy smile was absent today.I walked over and
asked him why he wasn’t with the other children.He hesitated and then said he had decided not to
run.
What was wrong? He had worked so hard for this event!
I quickly searched the crowd for the school’s coach and asked him what had happened.“Iwas afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him，” he explained uncomfortably.“I
gave him the choice to run or not，and let him decide.”
I bit back my frustration(懊恼)．I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the
right thing.After making sure that David could run if he wanted，I turned to find him coming
towards me，his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.
David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children，
but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid.He always participated to the best of his
ability in whatever they were doing.That was why none of the children thought it unusual that
David had decided to join the cross-country team.It just took him longer—that’s all.David had not
missed a single practice，and although he always finished his run long after the other children，he
did always finish.As a special education teacher at the school，I was familiar with the challenges
David faced and was proud of his strong determination.
范文补全
We sat down next to each other，but David wouldn’t look at me.I said gently and
quietly，“No one can change your mind，except yourself.1. If you desire to challenge yourself ，
there is nothing to do with others ’ thoughts (如果你想挑战自己，那任何事情都和别人的想法
无关)．” He sat still with a deep breath.“2. You have a full preparation before this event ， which
is the most important reason why you show up here(你在这次活动之前做了充分的准备，这是你
出现在这里最重要的原因)，” I added with a sincere tone.Hearing my words，David 3.turned
to me tremblingly with tears spilling out of his eyes(颤抖地转过身来，眼泪夺眶而出) and
expressed he had made a firm determination to finish the cross-country run.4.His coach heard what
David said and gave me a look(他的教练听到了大卫所说的话，看了我一眼)—the kind that was
more determined than anyone else’s.
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners.The race
started.5.It seemed that the track was extremely long for young children(对年幼的孩子来说，跑
道似乎特别长)，not to mention a child with a heart disease.David insisted on running as if he had
forgotten all his weaknesses，though he was tripped over within the a few kilometers.6. It didn ’ t
take long before he picked himself up again(不久他就重新站了起来) and continued his
mission.Classmates all appeared on the race track，cheering for him.“Come on! You can make it!
We are proud of you！” they shouted enthusiastically.To everyone’s joy，he reached the finish
line and ranked the 20th.7.It was no more important whether he won first place or not(他是否赢得
第一名已经不重要了).8.It was his brave heart and strong faith that could make something unusual
happen finally(正是他勇敢的心和坚定的信念最终使一些不寻常的事情发生了)．
