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M5 Unit 2 The environment(测)-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新高考•江苏)
一、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2021·浙江高三二模)Mud. Muck. Dirt. Although we have plenty of words for it, we rarely give soil a second
thought. But without soil, we would certainly be dead.
Soil is key to almost every aspect of life on land, from water storage to climate regulation, flood prevention,
nutrient cycling and decomposition(分解). The dirt beneath our feet is also an exceptionally high source of
biodiversity: some estimates suggest that at least one quarter of all species live in or on the soil. The UN has named
2015 the Year of soils and 5 December also happens to be World Soil Day.
As plants gradually colonized the land and began to input large quantities of organic matter into the soil, its
water storage capacity increased. Water storage and filtration(过滤) is one of the most important roles soil plays,
even today: we depend on it for our drinking water and agriculture. The water storage capacity of soil is also
important in reducing flood risk, as well as providing an important buffer against drought.
But soil is also facing severe danger these days. In effect, our agriculture is reversing billions of years of soil
evolution and making our soils easier to wear away. In fact, half of the world’s topsoil, the most active and
important part of the soil, has been lost over the last 150 years.
The problem may only get worse. The increase of agricultural processes is lowering the soils quality in a
global scale, and with the population set to reach 9 billion by 2050, the security of our future food supply is
hanging in the balance.
The good news is that if we do begin taking better care of the world’s soil we can take advantage of their
carbon storing capacity, to help fight against the effects of climate change.
We might not give it much thought, but soil is silently keeping us alive. By acting now to protect soil as a key
ecosystem worldwide we can ensure it continues to provide us with clean water, food and a pleasant climate far into
the future.
1.What can we learn from paragraph 1?
A. Soil has been thought highly of by human race. B. Soil has too many names for us to care for it.
C. We have never paid enough attention to soil. D. It’s high time for us to take measures to protect soil.2.What does the underlined phrase “hanging in the balance” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Definite. B. Guaranteed. C. Ruined. D. Uncertain.
3.What is the main purpose of the last paragraph?
A. To share a comment. B. To make an appeal. C. To give an example. D. To introduce a topic.
B
(2021·陕西榆林市教育科学研究所高三一模)Chemicals are a requirement to keep farmers competitive, kill
pests, and produce at a scale that means they can have a good livelihood. However, the EU has banned 250
chemical pesticides, forcing farmers to come up with alternative solutions.
The answer to an environmentally friendly pest-free farm is ducks. This approach was viewed by thousands of
people late last year but the images turned out to be false. However, after some digging, we have found that it is
real in many other places. There are a number of farms in countries like China, Japan, and South Africa that release
thousands of ducks on their crops in order to keep off smaller bugs.
A wine vineyard(葡萄园) called Vergenoegd in South Africa has a team of 1,200 ducks to defend its
vineyards. The location of the place is beside a large lake which makes snails arrive in incredible numbers to the
location. Left unattended, their vineyards would be devoured by the snails. To combat this, the farmers hire some
ducks. Every morning, the ducks will slowly go through the vineyards and will finish up by about 4 pm. A full day's
work may sound pretty tough but the ducks receive good payment, all they can eat in snails and other insects.
The farm has been using ducks since 1984 as pesticides are not the only benefit. Ducks also provide great
fertilizer as their poo is very high in nutrients and helps the vines to grow quickly and strongly.
While using ducks instead of pesticides seems to be a win-win situation all around, it does have its drawbacks.
Most notably, the cost. At Vergenoegd, the ducks cost about nineteen thousand dollars per year to care for. The
vineyard social media manager David Badenhorst says that using traditional chemical-based methods of pest
control would be far less expensive, but of course much less sustainable. Farmers are working to come up with a
label to attach their products to show it is more environmental awareness.
4. What do we know about the images mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. They were very popular. B. They proved to be real.
C. They were taken in Japan. D. They polluted the environment.
5. Why do the farmers use ducks in Vergenoegd?
A. To make it home to more snails. B. To expand the size of the vineyard.
C. To try a new way of raising ducks. D. To keep it away from harmful insects.6. What does the underlined word “devoured” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Tidied. B. Eaten up. C. Decorated. D. Taken care of.
7. What can we infer about traditional chemical-based method according to Badenhorst?
A. It has more advantages. B. It’ll gain more popularity later.
C. It can be expensive soon. D. It fails to be environment-friendly.
C
(2021·福建龙岩市高三一模)Plastic, a durable material, is probably the definitive 20th century “mod-con”. It
has proved attractive to consumers and manufacturers. But the tide, now packed with an additional 8 million tons of
plastic entering the oceans annually, is slowly turning.
The scale of the environmental problem with plastic waste is astonishing More than 6.3 billion tons of plastic
waste has been produced since the 1950s, more than half of which was produced in the past 16 years, and plastic
production is expected to double again in the next 20 years. Despite higher recycling rates, large amounts of plastic
leak into the environment. Estimates suggest there will be more plastic than fish in the sea by 2050 and there is
evidence that it is present throughout the human food chain. An ecologically and technologically superior
replacement for many uses of plastic is long overdue.
Consumers have become keen recyclers. Yet this is not as good an outcome as it seems. Even when plastics are
recyclable and put in a recycling bin, the majority still ends up in landfill, causing huge emission problems, or ends
up in the sea.
Recycling is a complex, expensive, low-profit business. It is made harder because, although 95 per cent of
people in the US and EU markets recycle, only about 30 per cent recycle carefully enough for it to be usable.
Nevertheless, growing demand for alternatives to plastic is running ahead of the scientific breakthroughs.
These are needed to ensure the environmental impact of replacing it is a net positive. One popular proposal—using
paper instead of plastic if possible—however could exacerbates global warming, a more pressing problem.
Having turned consumers into keen recyclers, governments must ensure recycling work. This will require an
internationally joined-up regulatory, environment that ensures manufacturers bear the cost of using non-recyclable
or uneconomical materials.
Equally, consumers should continue to demand a circular plastic economy. This would be a world in which
unnecessary and eco-unfriendly plastic is completely removed, all plastic packaging is 100 per cent reusable or
recyclable. The waste must end.
8.What does the second paragraph mainly tell us about?A. Plastic production. B. Life chain. C. Material substitution. D. Plastic problem.
9.What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in the fifth paragraph mean?
A. Affect. B. Better C. Remove D. Worsen.
10.What will manufactures have to do without using recyclable materials?
A. Pay for the outcome. B. Refund the consumers.
C. Abandon their products. D. Provide the recycling stuff.
11.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To inform us of the plastic problem.
B. To praise consumers’ sense of responsibility.
C. To suggest there is a long way solving the plastic problem.
D. To indicate manufacturers should create a safer environment
D
(2021·内蒙古包头市高三期末)Reducing, reusing and recycling is a way of life in Sweden. Recycling is
required by law and garbage is sorted at home before it goes to a recycling center. Recyclables are sorted into seven
categories and recycling stations are within just 300 meters of all residential areas. “Recycling almost everything is
a must in Sweden now. It actually feels very uncomfortable when you visit another country and can't find easy ways
to recycle,” said Owen Gaffney, an expert at Stockholm Resilience Centre and Future Earth.
But not all of its garbage is recycled. Sweden uses alternatives that include burning garbage to make electricity
instead of using fossil fuels to heat 1.2 million homes. About half of household garbage is sent to one of the 33
waste-to-heat plants. Sweden is importing garbage from other countries to keep these plants running. Sweden is
also a world leader in turning food waste into eco-friendly biogas. It has made food waste collection compulsory
beginning in 2021. There is a food waste biogas plant, which allows biogas to be used to run public buses and to
heat apartment buildings.
Sweden now wants to deal with those remaining items that cannot be recycled by using a circular(循环论证
的)economy approach. It means that products can be reused and only recycled when absolutely necessary. The
Swedish government formed an advisory group to find a new way of making this part of its environmental policy.
This will not work effectively unless people are taught to change their behavior. Now the government is
reforming its tax code so that people could get cheaper repairs or buy used things. The large Swedish clothing
retailer(零售商)H&M operates a recycling program that gives customers discounts when they bring back old
clothing.Sweden is fighting climate change by doing all the right stuff. Waste recycling and the plans to switch to a
circular economy will go a long way in reducing its carbon footprint and will help stop global warming.
12.What do we know about Sweden?
A. Sweden imports household garbage for biogas.
B. Everything is recycled after being used in Sweden.
C. Half of garbage in Sweden is used to produce heat.
D. It is convenient to recycle things in Sweden.
13.What does the advisory group do?
A. Teach people how to save fossil fuels. B. Conduct a survey about the local economy.
C. Make sure the citizens recycle wisely. D. Offer advice on environmental policy.
14.How does the government encourage its citizens to reuse?
A. It provides various recycling programs. B. It cuts down taxes on new products.
C. It offers lower prices for repairs. D. It gives discounts to regular buyers.
15.From which is the text possibly taken?
A. A book on city environment. B. A news report on local environment.
C. A science report on public health. D. A travel guide on Sweden.
二、七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2021·丹东市教师进修学院高三模拟)Recycling refers to the process of collecting used materials which
are usually considered as ‘waste’ and reprocessing them. Some of the most common items that are recycled are
plastic, glass, paper, batteries, etc. Recycling is good for us, for manufacturers and for our environment.
1 Here are some good reasons why everyone should recycle.
One of the biggest reasons is that recycling reduces the pressure on our environment. By using waste products
in a meaningful way, we can slowly decrease the size of our landfills. As the population grows, it will become
difficult for the landfills to hold so much trash. When this happens, our cities will face pollution, poisoning and
many health problems. 2
We know that recycling involves the processing and usage of core elements of old products for the production
of new products. 3 For example, once an old newspaper is recycled, we do not need to use the resource of
another tree to produce new paper products. This way, proper recycling can help us preserve our natural resources.
4 Reusing old things costs less than buying new ones. In most states in America, it’s actually morecostly to get rid of waste than to recycle. Some recycling companies buy wastes from neighborhoods for their
recycling activities. This brings you extra money.
Everyone can make a difference. If you think that it makes no difference whether you recycle or not, think
again! More than half of the waste that each of us creates each year can be recycled, but a lot of it ends up being
buried. 5 After all, many hands make light work.
A. Recycling is good for your wallet.
B. This helps in saving our natural resources.
C. It stops humans from damaging the environment.
D. Recycling helps to get rid of old things and waste.
E. However, not everyone knows how important it is to recycle.
F. When each of us takes action, it all adds up and makes a real difference.
G. Recycling helps to keep the pollution under control and decrease it little by little.
三、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(改编自2021·湖北高三模拟)With about 100,000 marine animals being choked or injured by plastic every
year, the danger posed by the pieces of plastic floating in our oceans is well-known. However, given that most of
the small plastics measure less than 0.5 mm, collecting them is a(n) 1 task. Now, some Dutch
environmentalists have found a way to catch plastic waste 2 it reaches the open seas and falls to pieces.
The 1,500-square-foot Recycled Floating Park is now floating in the Rotterdam Harbor in the Netherlands.
Scientists 3 by developing a “plastic fisher”, a floating garbage 4 device. Fitted with two folding
arms that enlarge several feet into the water, it uses a net to 5 wrappers, bottles, any other garbage that
floats past.
The movable device, which took a year and a half to be perfected, was then placed at the edge of the harbor to
collect the city that trash 6 in the New Meuse river, which rose in France and passed through Belgium, and
the Netherlands, before 7 into the North Sea. Since Rotterdam’s New Waterway Canal links the river to the
North Sea, it was the 8 place to catch the “fresh" plastic waste before it disappeared into the open waters
and broke into 9 .
The waste collected by the “plastic fisher” and hundreds of volunteers, who 10 the river banks, was
then made into 28 hexagonal(六边形的)floats which were 11 to create the park. Some of the blocks are
12 to visitors, while others house various types of plants and even trees for nesting birds. The bottom of thefloats provides a suitable 13 for algae, mussels, and fish. The recycled 14 can also be used to build
sports stadiums, public walkways, and cultural centers. 15 , Recycled Floating Park’s success will
encourage countries worldwide to take on similar plans.
1. A. challenging B. surprising C. impressive D. responsible
2. A. after B. as C. before D. when
3. A. prepared B. consumed C. succeeded D. began
4. A. calculation B. collection C. conservation D. selection
5. A. catch B. provide C. offer D. produce
6. A. gathered B. recycled C. distributed D. expanded
7. A. flowing B. spreading C. blowing D. extending
8. A. central B. safe C. ideal D. remote
9. A. masses B. pieces C. piles D. bands
10. A. wiped B. removed C. submitted D. combed
11. A. separated B. divided C. connected D. assorted
12. A. empty B. blank C. bare D. open
13. A. capacity B. location C. exit D. environment
14. A. ranges B. blocks C. spaces D. squares
15. A. Hopefully B. Obviously C. Naturally D. Fortunately
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(改编自2020·浙江绍兴市高二期末)When man starts his work in nature, the balance is likely 1
(disturb). He grows a crop and takes it away to eat; then there are no dead leaves to fall on the ground, holding
water while it sinks into the surface. Thus he is most likely to make the land 2 (bad)year by year. To take
the place of the useful matter in the crops that he removes, he uses some kind of fertilizer. In some places, it is a
habit to burn waste material 3 (lie)about, but such burning destroys the useful matter that the plants need
to grow.
In the past, when the world population was much less, man had little difficulty growing the food. When a
field
4 had been used for some years became tired, the farmer could move to another place. The tired land
then slowly recovered. 5 (Gradual)grasses and other plants would appear on it and its 6(product)power would slowly return to normal. But nature, 7 (leave)alone, would take a long time to
bring back the land to its former state. The length of time required would 8 on local conditions, but it
might well be ten years.
Anyway, 9 is a bad practice to grow the same crop in a field year after year and is man’s
10 (responsible)to find solutions to the problem of soil protection.
五、写作
写作(一)
(2021·河南开封市高三三模)假定你校英语社团举办以“The way to protect the environment”为主题的演
讲活动，请你用英语写一篇演讲稿。
内容主要包括：1.保护环境的重要性；
2.保护环境的具体措施。
注意：1.词数100左右。
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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写作(二)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2021·山东潍坊一中高三三模)One morning on my way to school, noticed an elderly woman dressed in a
yellow vest(马甲)carrying a garbage bag and one of those rubbish claws(爪形器具). “What’s that lady doing?” I
asked mum. “Vest Lady. She just picks up rubbish around here for fun,” mum said. “Why would someone think
picking up rubbish looking like a construction worker is fun?” I puzzled.
For several years I'd witness this mysterious Vest Lady—rain or shine—on my way to school. I had thought
she was crazy for picking up rubbish. Eventually I smiled and waved at her each time I saw her. Later, I moved to
high school. The time I saw rubbish here and there I felt really annoyed. Then I’d think, “Why isn’t anyone picking
up this rubbish? People are so inconsiderate?” However, shortly after, I realized picking up the rubbish was not
someone ease’s problem.
Now I couldn’t walk past litter without feeling guilty. I volunteered to clean up rubbish around our school.
Strange as it might sound, picking up litter was kind of a thrill for me! In fact, I was so determined that for my 17thbirthday I bought myself a rubbish claw, reusable gloves and a reflective safety yellow vest with my own name on
it.
During my first attempt in my stylish equipment, met with unfriendly looks from others as if I were a criminal
doing community service. One day,I had an epiphany(顿悟): “I’m acting just like Vest Lady!”
But there was too much rubbish around, cigarette ends littered about, cans rolling on the street,pieces of paper
hidden in the grass and plastic. alone was too weak J How would I get more volunteers involved in rubbish
removal? A smart idea flashed into my mind.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Para 1:
Soon I created my website go picking up com. __________________________________________________
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Para 2:
More and more people on vests with their own names. ____________________________________________
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