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专题 03 阅读理解词义猜测题
目录
题型综述 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
解题攻略 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
题型 01 定义法猜词义题 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
题型 02 对比法 猜词义题 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
题型 03 因果法 猜词义题
题型 04 常识联想法 猜词义题 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
题型05 例举法 猜词义题 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
题型06 语境线索法 猜词义 题 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
题型07 根据构词法知识 猜词义 题
高考练场
题型简介1. 词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解中的常见题型。主要考查考生根据上下文语境来推测单
词、短语或句子含义的能力。在阅读过程中，考生难免会遇到一些生词或具有特殊含义的
词汇，这种题型就是检验考生能否通过文章的线索和逻辑关系来理解这些词汇的真实意
思。它不仅要求考生有一定的词汇量，还需要具备较强的语境理解能力。高考英语对于词
义猜测题的考查，每年都有一到两题。
2. 该题型涉及的文章体裁丰富多样，无论是记叙文、说明文还是议论文都有可能出现词义猜
测题。尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有
对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。通过
阅读定义或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。而且，被猜测的词可能是超纲
词，也可能是熟悉词汇的生僻含义。
命题类型
1. 猜测单词的意思：这是最常见的类型，文章中出现一个生词，要求考生根据上下文来猜测
其含义。例如，在描述一种新的科学技术的文章中，出现了一个专业术语，通过对该技术
的原理、应用场景等周边信息的描述来猜测这个专业术语的意思。
2. 猜测短语的意思：一些由两个或多个单词组成的短语，其含义可能不是各个单词意思的简
单相加。比如，“a far - cry from” 这个短语在句子中的意思需要结合上下文来理解，可能
是 “与…… 大不相同” 的意思，而不是从字面理解的 “从远处哭泣”。
3. 猜测句子的含义：要求考生理解一个句子的隐含意义。这个句子可能是含有隐喻、象征等
修辞手法，或者是在特定的文化、技术等语境下具有特殊的含义。例如，“The new policy
is the light at the end of the tunnel for the struggling company.” 这里的句子意思不是简单的字
面意思，而是表示 “新政策是这家陷入困境的公司的希望之光”。
解题思路
1. 利用上下文语境：这是最关键的方法。通过观察生词所在句子的前后文，寻找解释、定
义、举例、对比、因果等线索。例如，如果句子中有 “that is”“in other words”“namely” 等
词，后
面的内容很可能是对生词的解释；如果有 “such as”“for example”，则后面的例子可以帮助
我们理解生词的含义。
2. 利用逻辑关系：注意文章中的转折、并列、因果等逻辑关系。如果出现 “but”“however”
等转折词，那么生词的意思可能与前面的内容相反；如果是 “and”“also” 等并列词，生词
的意思可能与相邻词汇相近。
3. 利用构词法：对于一些有词根、词缀的单词，可以通过分析其词根、词缀来猜测大致意
思。例如，“un -” 这个前缀通常表示否定，“pre - ” 表示 “在…… 之前”。但要注意，有些
词缀在不同的单词中有不同的意思，而且有些单词不能单纯依靠构词法来准确猜测。
4. 代入验证：将猜测的意思代入原文，看是否符合上下文的逻辑和语境。如果代入后句子通
顺，并且与文章的主题、情节等相符，那么这个猜测很可能是正确的。
一般来说，词义猜测题常用解题方法：定义法、对比法、因果法、常识联想法、例举法、语境线索法、构词法等。猜词题可以使用以下口决：
1.指代词：出现指代往前找，单复人物要看好；
2.半熟悉词，利用构词法：半生不熟看构词，结合语境来把持；
3.纯生词，则利用逻辑关系、同义解释、上下文语境：同义语境和逻辑，上下求索寻真义。
命题方式
【常见考法】词义猜测题经常使用的提问方式有：
1) The word “ABC” in the passage probably means ________.
2) The underlined word “ABC” in the passage refers to/means _______.
3) Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？
4) The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ____．
5) The word "it（them）" in the first paragraph refers to ____．
题型01 定义法
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。一般通过定义、定语
从句、同位语短语或从句等来确定词义。有时通过 or, that is, that is to say, namely, in other words 等来释
义。需要解释的单词和短语大多是专有名词、生僻词或文中较重要的词。标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名
词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with,
be considered to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify (意味，表明)等。这都是判断该词或短语意义
的主要依据。
(安徽省示范高中培优联盟2024-2025学年上学期12月联考试卷)
British Paralympic bronze medalist John McFall carried the Paralympic flag at the opening ceremony of the
Paris 2024 Paralympic Games. He was one of only two flag bearers to represent the whole Paralympic Games,
rather than a specific country.
...............
After undergoing strict testing, he passed all the evaluations, proving that an astronaut with a disability like
his could successfully operate in space, Wired magazine reported. Although he has been referred to as a
“parastronaut”, McFall prefers to be seen simply as a normal crew member.
McFall hopes his experience, along with those 4,000 athletes at the Paris Paralympic Games, can send anencouraging message to others facing any kind of life-changing circumstances.
10．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in paragraph 4?
A．entrances B．examinations C．questions D．tracks
题型02 对比法
利用前后对比来猜测词义。转折连词“but”、让步状语从句、条件从句和“unlike”, “in spite of”, “on the
contrary”, “on the other hand”, “however”等介词、副词能构成前后意义上的对比关系。而as, like, just as also
等词则可以帮助构成意义上相似、成份上对应的比较关系。这些都是我们解决猜词的标识词语。
(安徽省江淮十校2025届高三第二次联考)
For many people, the cruelest part of daily life is the transition between wakefulness and sleep. When you
should be sleeping, you want to be awake; when you should be awake, you want to stay asleep. It is easy to regard
sleep as a torment: hard to attain and then hard to give up, day after day after day.
It is no fresh news to most people that adequate sleep improves well-being. One recent study of more than
30,000 U. K. residents found that people who increased their quantity of sleep over a four-year period got about
the
same happiness benefits as they would have from eight weeks of therapy, or from winning up to $280,000 in a
lottery. Well-rested people are more social and have more positive emotional experiences with co-workers and
romantic partners. Sleep insufficiency, however, lowers happiness by weakening emotional-memory recall and
encouraging a scarcity mindset, pitting people against others.
.........
32. What does the underlined word “torment” mean?
A. Consciousness. B. Suffering. C. Refreshment. D. Amusement.
题型03 因果法
因果关系是一种常见的、行之有效的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系，一定的原因会导致一定的结果，
某一结果总是由某种或某些原因引起的，不管生词出现在原因分句还是结果分句，我们都能从因果关系中
推出其含义。在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。作者在叙述原因的
过程中就必然会把词或句子置于因果关系中。
常见的表示因果关系的词汇：since, as, because, for, so, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, due to,
owing to, thanks to, on account of, result in, result from, as a result, for this reason, accordingly, so...that..., so that,
such ... that等。(湖北省十一校2024-2025学年高三上学期12月联考英语试题)
For decades, “simpler is better” has been accepted as a universal truth in marketing. Nick Light, assistant
professor of marketing at the UO Lundquist College of Business, has tested that assumption. He found that most
consumers prefer offerings that appear to be easy to use and understand. However, pushing simplicity can have a
hidden, costly downside.
“Simplicity is not a silver bullet,” Light said. This method might work for established companies with track
records to back up their claims. But it can be risky for a start-up with no history or a company in a complicated
market category where failures or breakdowns are more common.
.........
12. What does the underlined words “a silver bullet” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. A risky investment. B. A business strategy. C. A quick-fix method. D. A cure-all solution.
题型04 常识联想法
在仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系和语境无法猜出词义时，我们可以借助生活经验和普通常识确定词义。
阅读题文段题材丰富，涉及社会、科普、政治、文化、经济、历史、生活、风俗等多方面知识。
(河南省九师联盟2024-2025学年高三11月质量检测试题)
Children are taught that the polite thing to do is always say “please”. Today’s babies are even taught it using
sign language. But how often do you really say “please” in everyday conversations? A new research published in
Social Psychology Quarterly found people used the word “please” when making a request only 7% of the time.
“We definitely were surprised by the results,” says Tanya Stivers, a professor of sociology at University of
California at Los Angeles and one of the authors of the study. “Having such a low number feels
counterintuitive.”
........
12. What does the underlined word “counterintuitive” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. The same as the fact. B. Contrary to common sense.
C. Reasonable to accept. D. Difficult to disagree with.
题型05例举法通过一些例子说明生词的词义, 用such as, for example, like, for instance等来引出。在特定的情况下，
作者通过一连串同一类型或范畴的词语来表达其思想，如果有一生词就在一系列同范畴的词语中，可以通
过这些词的特征和语义范围来推断出生词的词义范围。
(陕西省西安市2024-2025学年高三上学期第四次月考英语试卷)
Maria is a 10-year-old elementary school student who comes home with ringing in her ears — a sign of
hearing loss — after attending a program in her school hall. There are “Marias” in every school in the US. Twenty
percent of American kids will suffer permanent hearing loss due to noise by the age of nineteen. Actually noise－
induced (噪音诱发的) hearing loss (NIHL) is an epidemic in the US. Now nationwide there are about fifty million
people suffering it.
Each of us has approximately 18,000 tiny hair cells in our inner ears that transmit (传输) sound via the
auditory nerve (听觉神经) to our brains. When exposed to dangerously loud sound, some of these hair cells
become damaged and die. This is usually pain-free and often happens so gradually that we are not aware of our
hearing loss. Then one day, we wake up and find that we have severely and permanently damaged our ability to
hear.
...........
1．What does the author mean by saying “There are ‘Marias’ in every school in the US”？
A．Many girls attend programs run by US schools.
B．Maria is a commonly used name in the country.
C．Permanent hearing loss is common in US schools.
D．Permanent hearing loss is hard to avoid in US schools.
题型06语境线索法
根据综合语境，通过一定的语言逻辑关系，加以推理判断，从而理解生词词义。阅读题文段题材丰
富。涉及社会、科普、政治、文化、经济、历史、生活、风俗等多方面知识。解阅读题时，也要根据英语
国家社会文化背景等，作出正确的判断。(2025届浙江省绍兴市诸暨市高三上学期一模考试英语试题)
Glass is referred to as a material which can infinitely be recycled without it impacting its quality, purity or
durability. Recycled glass can be crushed into glass pieces, which can be melted down and used to produce more
glass. Glass used for packaging has a high recycling rate compared to other packaging materials. In Europe, the
average glass recycling rate is 76%, compared to 41% for plastic packaging and 31% for wooden packaging.
When glass is left in the natural environment, it is less likely to cause pollution than plastic. Unlike plastics,
which break down into microplastics that can get into soils and water, glass is non-toxic. “Glass is mainly made of
silica, which is a natural substance,” says Franziska Trautmann, the co-founder of Glass Half Full, a New Orleans-
based company that recycles glass into sand that can be used for coastal restoration and disaster relief. Silica,
also known as silica dioxide, makes up 59% of the Earth’s crust. Since it is a natural compound, there is no
concern about environmental degradation.
..........
29. What does the underlined word in the second paragraph probably mean?
A. Damage. B. Conservation. C. Assessment. D. Transformation.
题型07构词法
在英语中，有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式，构成新词。乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但
在掌握了一定的构词知识之后，就不难猜出它的词义。
中学英语常见的前缀和后缀有：
super-超;过于 inter-互相;在…之间 micro-极微
小的
re-再, 反复 sub-次于..., 在…底下 co-共同
post- (在…之)后 pre- (在…之)前 trans-超越；转换
under-在之…下；低于； anti-反；防(止) mis-不；非
un/in/im/ir- dis-不；非; 无 non-不；非 Sino-中国(人)的
-able可被…的 -hood状态；性质；时期 -ish 如…的；有点
儿…的
-proof防…的； 抗…的 -ship身份；资格；权力； -some引起…的;产生…的
-wards向 -less不能…的；无…的
(安徽省卓越联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期11月期中考试英语试题)
It’s tough enough to be a woman traveling alone, but one mom was especially nervous about taking a trip
with her one-year-old. How would she manage in a strange place without her usual support network? What about
the dangers of solo (单独的) travel? These were definitely reasonable concerns, but this mom found that people
are sometimes kinder than you expect them to be.In a video on social media, the woman recounted the many strangers who helped her while she was traveling
alone. Keeping a toddler entertained during a long trip can be a challenge, so the mom was relieved when other
travelers played with her son. One elderly man even held the little boy on his lap so that he could see out the
window!
Obviously, the biggest concern for a woman traveling alone is safety. Luckily, this mom encountered some
really sweet people who were happy to look out for her and her son. An Uber driver, for example, didn’t want
these two to be stuck at the station late at night, so he let them stay in his car until their train arrived.
..........
5. What does the underlined word “recounted” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Identified. B. Described. C. Impressed. D. Satisfied.
题型01 对比法
(2024年全国高考英语甲卷B篇节选)
.............
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will
find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds
of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are
just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!
6. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3?
A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster. C. Act strangely. D. Do better.
题型02 因果法
(2024年1月浙江省高考英语B篇节选)
When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call — not to shelter from
the rain. Ages ago, right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was…2006. I was conducting
auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to
come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more
”young professional”.
.............
4. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to?
A. The play. B. The shared house.
C. The sofa. D. The telephone box.
题型03 常识联想法(2021年6月新高考2卷B篇）
I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo, Paris for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that
have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don’t make it to adulthood, so I decided to
give them
round-the-clock care at home.
I’ve got two children—the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving - but all of us
really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasn’t worried about bringing them
into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there
was absolutely no risk.
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were
asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they’d get up to mischief. We’d come down in the
morning to find they’d turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were
some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a
bit of a production line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.
When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we
knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan
was always a bit disappointed that the cubs weren’t there.
I’m not sad about it. I'm hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time
that we had them.
5. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Behave badly. B. Lose their way. C. Sleep soundly. D.
Miss their mom.
题型04例举法
(2024年新课标高考英语I卷C篇节选)
...........
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on
paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly
shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading
passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text.
............
28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain.
C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice.
题型05语境线索法
(2024年新课标高考英语II卷D篇节选)Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-
powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This
absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the
forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
In the wrong hands , such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that
powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady
into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic,
making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost
as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable,
moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says,
will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its
future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we
keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
...............
12. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic.
A
（2024·河北石家庄·一模）I often wake up to my alarm after a short night and step out of bed to a day
I’ve fought through countless times. I rush my morning routine and run to my car. My radio switches to my
favorite song, but I have to listen to an audible (可听的) book for an assignment due tomorrow.
When I get to school, I start with Spanish, my hardest class. Despite being around all year, I have no clue
what’s going on. I then walk to my English class, in which I was stuck in the language rules. The assignments take
much energy that my perfectionist nature is unable to take on in school, so I save them for later, most probably late
at night.
This is my reality as a student with dyslexia, a learning disorder in reading and spelling: assignments that
take three times as long as they’re meant to, late nights and early mornings to even slightly keep up with my
classes.
I was told that Advanced Placement U. S. History would be my hardest class. But here, I am in my element.
Despite being three assignments behind, I’m actively engaged. Yes, my passion for history heightens my focus,
but my teacher’s willingness to work with me is what allows me to fly high.
Teachers need to offer alternative structures that make learning more accessible. I’ve had teachers who
teach lecture-based classes where students are expected to take notes and listen. As a student with dyslexia, this
doesn’t work. A fix for that is as simple as providing alternative resources: a slide show students can go back to
after class, or perhaps even an activity that further plays with the concepts.
Now, many schools are shifting to approaches that meet the needs of all kids. However, advocacy work canstill be done to support students with dyslexia. If school systems are willing to provide support and education by
creating an accessible class structure from the start, students won’t be stuck into academic tracks that don’t push
them to their full potential.
1．Why does the author have to do his homework late at night?
A．He is assigned extra homework. B．He fails to manage his spare time.
C．He needs time to do it well enough. D．He dislikes tasks related to languages.
2．What does the underlined part “in my element” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Burning the midnight oil. B．Biting off more than I can chew.
C．Feeling like a fish in water. D．Having butterflies in my stomach.
3．What does the author think of lecture-based classes?
A．Satisfying. B．Inspiring. C．Rewarding. D．Demanding.
4．What does the author advise schools to do for students?
A．Offer classes with alternatives. B．Ask educational experts to give lectures.
C．Advocate out-of-class activities. D．Get teachers trained in special education.
B
（2024·浙江绍兴·一模）Glass is referred to as a material which can infinitely be recycled without it
impacting its quality, purity or durability. Recycled glass can be crushed into glass pieces, which can be melted
down and used to produce more glass. Glass used for packaging has a high recycling rate compared to other
packaging materials. In Europe, the average glass recycling rate is 76%, compared to 41% for plastic packaging
and 31% for wooden packaging.
When glass is left in the natural environment, it is less likely to cause pollution than plastic. Unlike plastics,
which break down into microplastics that can get into soils and water, glass is non-toxic. “Glass is mainly made of
silica, which is a natural substance,” says Franziska Trautmann, the co-founder of Glass Half Full, a New Orleans-
based company that recycles glass into sand that can be used for coastal restoration and disaster relief. Silica, also
known as silica dioxide, makes up 59% of the Earth’s crust. Since it is a natural compound, there is no concern
about environmental degradation.
However, glass requires higher temperatures than plastic and aluminum to melt and form, says Alice Brock,
a PhD researcher at University of Southampton in the UK. Raw materials for making virgin glass also release
greenhouse gases during the melting process, adding to its environmental footprint. According to the International
Energy Agency, the container and flat-glass industries emit over 60 megatons of CO2 per year. A key problem
with glass recycling is that it involves the remelting process, which is the most energy intensive part of glass
production. It accounts for 75% of the energy consumption during production.
Even though glass containers can be reused an average of 12-20 times, glass is often treated as single-use.
Single-use glass disposed of at landfills can take up to one million years to decompose. So the next time you want
to drop a glass bottle, perhaps consider reusing it first. Glass is a resilient, long-lasting material that is not made to
be thrown away after only being used once.
5．What does the passage focus on?
A．Glass production. B．Glass restoration. C．Glass prospect.D．Glass recycling.6．What does the underlined word in the second paragraph probably mean?
A．Damage. B．Conservation. C．Assessment. D．Transformation.
7．What can we learn from paragraph 3?
A．Glass melting process is complicated. B．Glass reduces environmental footprint.
C．Glass items are meant for permanent use.D．Glass production consumes much energy.
8．Why does the author advocate reuse of glass containers?
A．To confirm their durability. B．To suggest being economical.
C．To promote the green idea. D．To propose a new energy plan.
C
（2024·湖南长沙·模拟预测）We all notice bright colors. People who choose to go eye-catching, whether
they express themselves through clothes or accessories (配饰), hear everything from “No one is going to miss you
at the party” to “I would never have the courage to wear that.” But according to research, those comments may be
both accurate and expected.
Adam D．Pazda and Christopher A．Thorstenson examined how we perceive people at first impression
who wear bright colors. They specifically examined the effect of chroma (色度).
They found that targets, both male and female, who were wearing or surrounded by high-chroma colors
were perceived as more open and outgoing than in a low-chroma setting. They concluded that chroma is a variable
of perception that can influence first impressions of personality.
Drilling down further, they found that high-chroma colors strengthened viewer perspective of openness and
extraversion ( 外 向 ), but not other personalities. These observations are important because some job
responsibilities capitalize on some of the personalities inferred through bright colors.
Pazda and Thorstenson recognize what job seekers no doubt consider as they look for a career to match
their personal nature: in some occupations, success is fueled by possessing certain personality qualities. They give
examples of industries such as sales and marketing as well as customer service as fields where extraverts thrive
(繁荣). Accordingly, applicants for these positions may be viewed more favorably and judged as more competent
if they wear highly chromatic clothing.
Regarding the generality of their results, Pazda and Thorstenson note that one of the limitations of their
study was their use of participants living in the United States, which means their findings may not predict results
in
other cultures. They note the possibility that chroma may influence the perception of personality differently in
non-Western countries, and that high-chroma clothing may be seen as conflicting with social conventions in other
cultures.
The practical takeaway, at least in the United States, appears to be that bright colors, like the peacock’s tail,
will get you noticed. But depending on your goals, consider tailoring your chroma to the circumstances, personally
and professionally.
9．What is the focus of the study mentioned in the passage?
A．The cultural implications of high chroma colors.
B．The influence of clothing on viewer perceptions.C．The impact of high chroma colors on first impression.
D．The possible connection between clothing and job suitability.
10．What does the underlined phrase “capitalize on” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Weigh on. B．Draw on. C．Make up for. D．Give rise to.
11．What can we learn about the findings of the study according to the passage?
A．High chroma colors enhance viewer perspective of all personalities.
B．The culturally specific findings of the study contribute to its limitations.
C．The chroma a person wears can influence the formation of his or her personality.
D．High-chroma colors have a consistent impact on the perception of personality globally.
12．What is the practical advice given by the author in the last paragraph?
A．Reserve bright colors for social events.
B．Always wear bright colors to be noticed.
C．Avoid bright colors in professional settings.
D．Use bright colors strategically based on your goals.
D
（2024·浙江绍兴·一模）Your own experience of revising for exams might tell you that sessions of
uninterrupted concentration can help you to better remember key pieces of information. Indeed, many students
will engage in intensive revision just before a test — in the belief that essential subject facts and figures will be
memorized ready for exam day.
However, this commonly held wisdom has been contradicted by an observation made in a psychological
study. Now known as the Zeigarnik effect, it was found that interruption during a task that requires focus can in
fact improve a person’s ability to remember it afterwards.
The psychologist Bluma Zeigarmik observed the effect of interruption on memory processing in 1927. In
the experiment, she asked each participant to complete a series of separate tasks, such as solving a puzzle or
assembling a flat-pack box. During around half of the assignments, participants were subtly interrupted by the
experiment supervisor, while during the remaining tasks, they were allowed time to complete them uninterrupted.
Following the experiment, Zeigarnik interviewed each participant, asking them to recall details of each task that
they had attempted.
Zeigarnik’s initial findings revealed that participants were able to recall details of interrupted tasks around
90% better than those who had been able to complete undisturbed. These results suggest that a desire to complete
a task can cause it to be retained in a person’s memory until it has been completed, and that the finality of its
completion enables the process of forgetting it to take place.
One way of employing the Zeigarnik effect when attempting to memorize a detailed piece of information,
such as a long phone number, or when revising a subject, might be to avoid trying to remember it in its entirety in
one sitting. Take a look at the information, familiarize yourself with it, then “interrupt yourself” — look away
from where it is written for a few moments and think of something else, before returning a few more times to
remember chunks of the number. Finally, piece these chunks together and attempt to recall the number in its
entirety.13．What does the underlined phrase “this commonly held wisdom” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Remembering essential subject facts guarantees success in exams.
B．Interruption on memory processing generates unexpected results.
C．Uninterrupted concentration contributes to effective revision.
D．Revision with full concentration boosts long-term memory.
14．How did Zeigarnik measure the effect of interruption on participants’ memory?
A．By conducting brain scans. B．By rating participants’ memory.
C．By enquiring about task details. D．By observing physical reactions.
15．Which strategy should be used to avoid forgetting when revising a subject?
A．Repeated writing and recalling. B．Entire remembering in one sitting.
C．Rapid memorization without breaks. D．Breaks in review and repeating in chunks.
16．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The origin of the Zeigarnik Effect. B．The discovery of the Zeigarnik Effect.
C．The evaluation of the Zeigarnik Effect. D．The application of the Zeigarnik Effect.
