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专题07 阅读理解说明文、议论文
一、2022年高考真题
1. (2022年全国甲卷)Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have
similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds
have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box
with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five
differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another
year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a
shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In
the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition
alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that
Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to
two-year-old babies.
,
The next step according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on
visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?
A. By following instructions. B. By using a tool.
C. By turning the box around. D. By removing the lid.
25. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text?
A. Using a key to unlock a door. B. Telling parrots from other birds.
C. Putting a ball into a round hole. D. Grouping toys of different shapes.
26. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?
A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects.
C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
27. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters
2. (2022年全国甲卷)
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor.Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb
beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole
morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went
our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not
fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are
increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s,
Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she
said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that
we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).”
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a
thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me.
“What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the
Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a
drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. Sydney’s striking architecture. B. The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C. The key to Sydney’s development. D. Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.
33. What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds?
A. He goes to work by boat. B. He looks forward to a new life.
C. He pilots catamarans well. D. He is attached to the old ferries.
34. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?
A. It is losing its traditions. B. It should speed up its progress.
C. It should expand its population. D. It is becoming more international.
35. Which statement will the author probably agree with?
A. A city can be young and old at the same time.B. A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C. Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D. Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
3.(2022年全国乙卷)
Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time,
help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's "eyes in
the sky" technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure( 基础设
施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing
to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks
and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time
performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is
calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including
sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work
that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting
faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail
don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They
will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with
advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see
ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
28. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?
A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones' ability to work at high altitudes.
C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones' reliable performance in remote areas.
29. What does "maintenance" underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
30. What function is expected of the rail drones?
A. To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.
31. Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
4. (2022年全国乙卷)
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it
would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per
100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖). It is believed that today's children and teenagers are
consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six
months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year
ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers(制
造商)so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of
manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been
forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar
content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to
change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax,
as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by
raising millions of pounds for sports facilities(设施)and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to
have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
32. Why was the sugar tax introduced?
A. To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks.
C. To protect children's health. D. To encourage research in education.
33. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?
A. They turned to overseas markets. B. They raised the prices of their products.C. They cut down on their production. D. They reduced their products' sugar content.
34. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?
A. Most alcoholic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks. C. Fruit juices. D. Classic Coke.
35. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
5. (2022年全国高考新高考I卷)
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of
some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-
year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the
world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f”
and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by
Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it
hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws
changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic
period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow
to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world
languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand
years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings
evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the
appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a
complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the
research team.
32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on?
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity. D. Its development.33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
A. It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
6. (2022年全国高考新高考II卷)
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried
a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while
driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now
rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration, said distracted(分心)driving was "only increasing, unfortunately. "
"Big change requires big ideas. " he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road
safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to
an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would
work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the
Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver
had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for
the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going
to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone. "8. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary.
C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair.
9. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out?
A. Where a driver came from. B. Whether a driver used their phone.
C. How fast a driver was going. D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
10. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
11. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. To Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer-
【导语】本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一
名立法者提出使用Textalyzer(短信监控器)的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。
8. 【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and
public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when
they are behind the wheel. ”(在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各
样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。)以及第二段中“Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears
to be getting worse. ”(然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。)可知，大多数州使用了各种
各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项
ineffective意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选A。
9. 【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted,
emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws. ”(这项技术可以确定
司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。)可知，Textalyzer能够确定
的是司机是否使用了手机发短信、邮件以及其他驾驶法不允许的行为。B 选项意为“是否司机使用了手
机。”与此相符，故选B。
10. 【答案】D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据句中的“We need something on the books that can change people's behavior. ”(我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，)可知，something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the
Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone. ”(他
说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。)可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当
Textalyzer法案成为法律。收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故something指
代的是法律。故选D。
11. 【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来
说服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“That is partly because people are driving
more. ”(部分原因是开车的人越来越多)可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为
了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使
用了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的改变人们的行
为。故B选项Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer(发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器。)适合
文章的标题。故选B。
7. (2022年全国高考新高考II卷)
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most
people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start
even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become
dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to
the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser,
getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were
otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of
nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-
intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second
group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine. “And
the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot
more blood during exercise. ” But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he
says.“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has
flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing
happened to them at all. ”
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great
start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which
aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
12. What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band?
A. The right way of exercising. B. The causes of a heart attack.
C. The difficulty of keeping fit. D. The aging process of the heart.
13. In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design?
A. Diet plan. B. Professional background.
C. Exercise type. D. Previous physical condition.
14. What does Levine’s research find?
A. Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D. The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
15. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest?
A. Making use of the findings. B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Conducting further research. D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.
二、2022届模拟题
Passage 1(2022·河南·模拟预测)
The US space agency NASA has revealed an astonishing picture revealing new secrets of the Earth’s home
galaxy (星系), the Milky Way. The sun is just one of hundreds of billions of stars that form the huge shape of our
galaxy. Our solar system sits in an outlying region but the new image focuses on the centre of the Milky Way, a
“noisy” area because of all the crowded stars. Light from this region takes about 26,000 years to reach Earth. For
comparison, light takes just eight minutes to reach us from the sun.
The researchers use the data collected by two telescopes that see the sky in ways that are very different from
the visible light our eyes can see to form the new image. Most of the data comes from 370 different pictures taken
over the past 20 years by NASA’s Chandra X Observatory. This satellite telescope detects X-rays out in space. X-rays are a from of radiation that is sent out when violent events heat matter to temperatures of millions of degrees.
Other data comes from the MeerKAT telescope in South Africa, which can detect radio waves from space. These
waves have much less energy than X-rays. They are usually produced by cooler material, such as huge clouds of
gas between the stars.
The brightest sources include neutron stars which are the cores of huge stars that ran out of fuel and collapsed
to city-sized balls of super hot matter. Many neutron stars and black holes jet out gases that appear in the picture as
purple streaks (斑纹). Powerful magnetic fields in the area cause the jets to bend as they get further from their
source. Astronomer Dr Daniel Wang, who has worked on the image over the past year, said the new picture
described “a violent or energetic ecosystem”.
1．What can be learned about the Milky Way?
A．The center of it remains unknown.
B．The sun isn’t located in the center of it.
C．Its center is very peaceful.
D．Its center features fewer stars.
2．What’s paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．The collection of space data.
B．The function of the MeerKAT telescope.
C．The differences of space waves.
D．The formation of the new image.
3．What can we know about the gases jetted out by the black hole?
A．They will absorb surrounding materials.
B．They will form super big matter.
C．They get bent if away from their source.
D．They are likely to explode when superheated.
4．What may be the best title for the text?
A．Our galaxy’s violent heart B．An attempt to travel in outer space
C．Radio waves from outer space D．Stars’ purple streaks
Passage 2(2022·吉林长春·模拟预测)
Have a hard time waking up when it’s cold out? Scientists say your brain is to blame. A study conducted by
scientists from Northwestern University made it possible to offer some explanations for this phenomenon.
Their study on fruit flies shows how seasonally cold and dark conditions can prohibit neurons within the flybrain that promote activity and wakefulness from sending out signals, particularly in the morning. It helps explains
why, for both flies and humans, it is so hard to wake up in the morning in winter.
“By studying behaviors in a fruit fly, we can better understand how and why temperature is so vital to regulate
sleep,” said Marco Gallio, associate professor of neurobiology in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences.
The study describes for the first time “absolute cold” receptors in the fly antenna, which respond to
temperature only below the fly’s “comfort zone” of about 25°C．Having recognized those neurons, the researchers
followed them all the way to their targets within the brain. They found their targets are a small group of brain
neurons that are part of a larger network that controls rhythms of activity and sleep. When the neurons they
discovered are active, the target cells, which normally are made active by morning light, are shut down.
“Temperature sensing is one of the most fundamental abilities,” said Gallio, whose group is one of only a few
in the world that are systematically studying temperature sensing in fruit flies. “The principles we are finding in the
fly brain, the logic and organization, may be the same all the way to humans. And future studies on human brain
will surely find some reference information in this study.”
5．Why is it hard for flies to wake up in cold mornings?
A．Cold conditions disable the antennas of flies.
B．Flics have fewer neurons in the brain than humans.
C．Coldness stops flies’ neurons from functioning well.
D．Flies’ neurons controlling wakefulness are damaged.
6．What do we know about the study?
A．It focuses mainly on how fly brains work.
B．It helps explain how temperature affects sleep.
C．It aims at solving humans’ sleeping problems.
D．It shows the similarities between fly brains and human brains.
7．Which part of a fruit fly will be made active when it is cold?
A．Its antenna. B．Its target cells.
C．Its “absolute cold” receptors. D．Its network controlling sleep.
8．What’s Gallio’s attitude towards the practical value of the findings?
A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Ambiguous. D．Disappointed.
Passage 3(2022·吉林长春·模拟预测)
New York-based Ecovative has been creating environmentally friendly packaging made from mushrooms and
agricultural waste since 2009. Now, the company wants to bring their amazing material into homes and offices witha new line of compostable (可堆肥的) furnishings that are grown using just three materials: mycelium (the
vegetative part of mushrooms), hemp (麻类植物), and salt.
While creating hard material from mushrooms might sound magical, the company’s CEO Eben Bayer says it is
a relatively low-tech process and compares it to “making bread”. The company begins by adding a few mycelium
cells to damp hemp or other agricultural waste.
The mycelium that grows like little hairs is allowed to twist with the waste until everything is ”glued“
together. The combination is then mixed again and placed into the desired mold (模具) where it continues to grow
and harden. The resulting material is then baked in the oven. In addition to making it as strong as wood, the heat
also kills the mycelium, thus giving the compostable material a similar shelf life to wood.
Also, though the table tops of the stylish Tafl and King’s tables released at the recently held Biofabricate 2016
conference in New York City resemble marble, they are far from it. The perfectly carved blocks are made of a
material grown by a North Carolina-based company named bioMASON using grains of sands and bacteria.
As you have probably guessed, this waste-free furniture does not come cheap. Customers can expect to pay
anywhere from $249 USD for the Tafl to $699 USD for the King’s table, both of which are only available in limited
quantities. Those that cannot afford those prices can choose cheaper GIY (grow it yourself) ones made of various
products ranging from Christmas tree decorations to lamp shades.
9．Why did Eben compare making hard materials to making bread?
A．Their raw materials are the same. B．Their product appearances are alike.
C．Their production processes are simple. D．Their production costs are relatively low.
10．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The method of making mushrooms hard. B．How to make mushroom furniture materials.
C．What are needed to make mushroom furniture. D．The difficulties of making mushroom furniture.
11．What can we learn about Tafl and King’s tables?
A．They are in limited supply. B．They are offered in GIY forms.
C．They consist mainly of marble. D．They are designed by bioMASON.
12．What is the best title for the text?
A．The Invention of New Kinds of Furniture
B．The First Sale of Furniture Made of Mushrooms
C．Scientists Found New Material to Make Furniture
D．Future Furniture May Be Grown from MushroomsPassage 4 (2022·河南安阳·模拟预测)
Instead of a human deliveryman, Beijing resident Xiao Wei received his online order for daily necessities in
less than 30 minutes from an unmanned delivery vehicle.
The four-wheeled vehicle named “magic bag” is 1.56 meters high, 2.77 meters long, and 1.19 meters wide.
Weighing 500 kg, it can carry about 100 kg of goods at a time and run a distance of 100 km on a single charge with
a maximum traveling speed of 20 kph.
After customers place orders on the Meituan app, an intelligent distribution system will assign orders to those
autonomous vehicles, which will pick up and deliver goods to pick-up stations at the final destinations. Customers
can collect the delivery from the stations without any human contact during the whole process, said Meituan
Dianping, China’s major online food delivery platform.
“I can check the real-time route of the driverless vehicle. It is fast, convenient and safe as well,” said Xiao.
“This is also the first time that Meituan has used unmanned vehicles to complete delivery orders on open roads.”
Meanwhile, according to Meituan, daily sales on its retail grocery service app have increased by 200 to 300 percent
in Beijing compared to figures from before the epidemic.
The catering(餐饮)chain brand Xiaoheng Dumplings has cooperated with an unmanned vehicle enterprise to
pilot unmanned vehicle delivery services in Beijing. Li Heng, the founder of Xiaoheng Dumplings, believes
unmanned delivery is the future of the industry as it is cleaner, safer and more efficient. “An unmanned vehicle can
deliver 300 to 400 meals a day, while a deliveryman can only deliver dozens of meals,” Li said. Xiaoheng’s
unmanned vehicles have a heat preservation function. A new type of vehicle with a freezing function will be
introduced in the future to deliver frozen food.
Meituan and Xiaoheng will continue the unmanned delivery service in the future. More varieties of goods,
including food, medicine, and daily necessities, will be added to such delivery services.
13．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．The origin of driverless delivery vehicles.
B．The introduction of driverless delivery vehicles.
C．The reason for using driverless delivery vehicles.
D．The background of creating driverless delivery vehicles.
14．What are customers required to do to place orders?
A．Contact the food delivery platform.
B．Collect groceries at the pick-up station.C．Download a Meituan app.
D．Track the real-time route of the vehicle.
15．What is Li Heng’s attitude towards unmanned delivery vehicles?
A．Favorable. B．Suspicious. C．Cautious. D．Indifferent.
16．What can we learn from the text?
A．Driverless vehicles have been in operation in many cities.
B．More types of goods will be delivered by driverless vehicles.
C．Driverless vehicles can hand goods to the customers directly.
D．Meituan is experiencing a huge labor shortage of delivering.
Passage 5(2022·福建厦门·模拟预测)
Our planet is home to many radioactive substances-not just in is geologic innards but also in its hospitals, at its
industrial sites and in its food processing plants. In Colorado, for instance, 27 buildings house scary-sounding
chemical elements such as cesium 137 and cobalt 60. These materials are not there for risky purposes, though. They
play a part in cancer treatment, blood irradiation, medical and food sterilization, structure and equipment testing,
geologic exploration, etc.
The radioactive material is not always bad in a black and-white way: it can be a useful tool. The rays given off
by cesium and cobalt can kill germs multiplying in your meat and make your apples last longer. Radiographic
instruments can detect, say, cracks in a city’s pipes in a similar way to an x-ray picking up a hairline fracture in
your knee. A practice called “well logging” uses sealed radioactive sources to map the geology of holes oil seekers
drill into the earth. And of course, radiation is key to cancer treatment.
The risk arises because the same radioactive material that is beneficial could also be stolen or misplaced and
find its way into trafficking rings or dirty bombs. It might also barn workers if something accidentally goes wrong
during a normal nine-to-five day. In 2017 alone, according to a report from the James Martin Center for
Nonproliferation Studies, there were 171 “incidents of nuclear or other radioactive materials outside of regulatory
control” based on open source reports, 104 of which happened in the U.S.
An initiative called RadSecure 100 was launched to remove and better secure energetic material in 100 U.S.
cities. “Where is the most high-risk material located around the most people?” says Emily Adams, deputy director
of a domestic program in the Office of Radiological Security. “And that’s how we got our 100.”
17．What message does the author seem to convey in paragraph 1?
A．Radioactive substances can warm our planet.B．Food processing does harm to workers in plants.
C．The radioactive material is basically everywhere.
D．It’s hard to remove scary-sounding elements in buildings.
18．Why does the author mention “well logging” in paragraph 2?
A．To make a summary. B．To raise a question.
C．To provide a contrast. D．To support an idea.
19．What is RadSecure 100 intended for?
A．Making use of energetic substances. B．Ensuring safety of the radioactive material.
C．Warning people of the most high-risk material D．Protecting the Office of Radiological Security.
20．What is the writer’s attitude towards the radioactive material?
A．Pessimistic. B．Objective. C．Disapproval. D．Carefree.
Passage 6(2022·陕西·宝鸡中学模拟预测)
For thousands of years, mankind has bred plants and animals to create more desired and useful plants and
animals. For instance, modern corn has been bred to such a large size that it is no longer able to reproduce without
man’s assistance. Modern dairy cows produce too much milk; and if they are not often drained of milk, they could
leak, burst, become infected, and possibly die. Furthermore, most domesticated dogs can not survive in the wild
even with special training. Since natural evolution is extremely slow and mankind’s selective breeding programs
only take a few generations to produce a completely new species, natural evolution has already taken a backseat to
mankind’s breeding programs.
Additionally, mankind has successfully killed off several species all together. For instance, there are no more
European wolves in existence and mammoths probably became extinct because of mankind. Even certain diseases
have been permanently eradicated (根除) from the planet, and dozens of other diseases will soon follow. Again,
natural evolution did not cause most extinction during humanity’s reign.
Currently, scientists are creating new species with desired characteristics in the lab significantly faster than
evolution creates new species. In a single generation, new species can be artificially created and destroyed, while
natural evolution could take thousands of years to do the same but only haphazardly (偶然地). Scientists are even
able to replace flawed (有缺陷的) or damaged genes with different genes in an attempt to cure genetic defects. This
is something that natural evolution could possibly never correct.
Eventually scientists will be able to enhance even people. For example, imagine not only correcting your
eyesight with gene therapy, but also ensuring that all of your descendants do not inherit your old genes of pooreyesight to. Scientists will one day be able to enhance the memory and intelligence of your children, so that they
will do better in school and achieve more in life. Doctors and scientists will be able to customize babies before they
are born just like picking options at a car dealership.
In the near future, natural evolution in the genetic code of any species can be quickly fixed if desired. As a
result, natural evolution is doomed.
21．From Paragraph 1 we learn that ______ .
A．selective breeding has improved all species
B．only selective breeding can make up for natural losses
C．modern corn can’t able to reproduce itself due to selective breeding
D．natural evolution can’t do without man’s assistance
22．The underlined word “backseat ” in Paragraph 1 probably means “ ______ ” .
A．powerful assistance B．important part
C．bad fortune D．secondary position
23．What do we know from the passage?
A．Selective breeding is partly beneficial to humans.
B．Genetic defects won’t be inherited due to natural evolution.
C．Natural evolution can’t create new species.
D．Selective breeding can determine the sex of babies.
24．The author mainly wants to tell us that ______ .
A．selective breeding will cause the extinction of many species
B．natural evolution is almost dead with the development of selective breeding
C．selective breeding has aroused attention from all over the world
D．natural evolution survives strongly although it is in danger
Passage 7(2022·安徽·合肥市第八中学模拟预测)
We are a culture drowning in our possessions. We take in more and more ( holiday, birthdays, sales,
needs ),but rarely find an opportunity to get rid of it. As a result, our homes fill up with so much stuff. And because
we believe the best solution is to find organizational tools to manage all of it, we seek out bigger containers or more
efficient organizational tips and tricks. But simply organizing our stuff must be repeated over and over.
At its heart, organizing is simply rearranging. And though we may find storage solutions today, we are quickly
forced to find new ones as early as tomorrow. Additionally, organizing has some other major shortcomings that are
rarely considered. For example, it doesn’t benefit anyone else. The possessions we rarely use sit on shelves in ourbasements or garages, even while some of our closest friends desperately need them.
On the other hand, the act of getting rid of stuff from our home accomplishes many purposes. It is not a
temporary solution. It is an action of permanence — once an item has been removed, it is removed completely.
Whether we re-sell our possessions, donate them to charity, or give them to a friend, they are immediately put to
use by those who need them.
Removing possessions begins to turn back our desire for more as we find freedom and happiness in owning
less. And removing ourselves from the all-consuming desire to own more creates opportunities for significant life
changes to take place.
If you’re struggling with how to get rid of stuff, you can first challenge yourself to remove the unneeded
things in your home, carry a trash bag from room-to-room, see how big of a donation pile you can make, and even
eliminate debt by selling what you no longer need.
It doesn’t matter how you remove them, for it is far better to remove than to always organize.
25．What is the problem with simply organizing stuff?
A．Few tools and tricks are available. B．It needs to be repeated very often.
C．People cannot save money by organizing. D．Desire to buy more disappears by organizing.
26．How can we remove unnecessary possessions?
A．By reselling them to others. B．By keeping them in trash bags.
C．By storing them in the garage. D．By piling them on the shelves.
27．What does the underlined word “eliminate” mean in Paragraph 5?
A．get rid of B．get over C．add to D．take charge of
28．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To explain the advantages and disadvantages of organizing things.
B．To inform readers of the ways to get rid of unnecessary possessions.
C．To call for people to remove stuff instead of just organizing.
D．To appeal to people to make donations to people in need.
